AQA Core 2 Calculus

1 of 4 15/01/13 MEI
Section 1: Further differentiation

Solutions to Exercise

1. (i)
3
3
1
f( ) x x
x

= =

4
4
3
f ( ) 3 x x
x

' = =

(ii)
1
3 3
f( ) x x x = =

2
3 1
3
f ( ) x x

' =

(iii)
1 2
2
2 3
f( ) 2 3 x x x
x x

= =

2 3
2 3
2 3
f ( ) 2 3 2
2 6
2 6
x x x
x x
x x


' =
= +
= +


(iv)
1 1
2 2
3
f( ) 4 4 3 x x x x
x

= =

( )
1 3
2 2
1 3
2 2
1 1
2 2
3
2
3
f( ) 4 3
2
2 3
2
x x x
x x
x
x


=
= +
= +


(v)
5 7
f( ) 3 2 x x x

=

6 8
6 8
6 8
f ( ) 3 5 2 7
15 14
15 14
x x x
x x
x x


' =
= +
= +


(vi)
2 2
3 3
f( ) 2 5 x x x

=

1 5
3 3
1 5
3 3
2 2
3 3
4 10
3 3
f ( ) 2 5 x x x
x x


' =
= +


(vii)
2
1 2
1 3
2 2
2
2 3
f( )
2
x x
x x x
x

+
= = +
AQA C2 Calculus 1 Exercise solutions
2 of 4 15/01/13 MEI

2 3
3
2
2 3
2 3
f ( ) ( 1) 2
3
1 3
x x x
x x
x x


' = +
=
=


(viii)
( )
5 1
2 2
2
f( ) 2 2 x x x x x = =

3 1
2 2
3 1
2 2
5 1
2 2
5
2
f ( ) 2 x x x
x x

' =
=



2. (i)
1
1
2 2 y x x x
x

= =

2
2
d
1
2 ( ) 2
d
y
x
x x

= = +
When x = 1, gradient
2
1
2 3
1
= + =

(ii)
1
2
3 3 y x x = =

1
2 1
2
d
1
d 2
y
x
x x

= =
When x = 4, gradient
1 1
2 4 4
= =

(iii)
5
2
2
y x x x = =

3
2 5
2
d
d
y
x
x
=
When x = 1, gradient
3
2 5 5
2 2
1 = =


3. (i)

= =
2
2
4
4 y x x x
x

= + = +
3
3
d
8
1 8 1
d
y
x
x x

At turning points,
d
0
d
y
x
=
3
3
3
8
1 0
8
1
8
2
x
x
x
x
+ =
=
=
=

When x = -2, = = =

2
4
2 2 1 3
( 2)
y
so (-2, -3) is a turning point.
AQA C2 Calculus 1 Exercise solutions
3 of 4 15/01/13 MEI

= =
2
4
2 4
d
24
24
d
y
x
x x

When x = -2, = <

2
2 4
d
24
0
d ( 2)
y
x
, so (-2, -3) is a maximum point.

(ii)

= + = +
1 1
2 2
1
y x x x
x



= =
1 3
2 2 1 1
2 2
3
d
1 1
d 2
2
y
x x
x x
x

At turning points, =
d
0
d
y
x
=
3
1 1
0
2
2
x
x

=
=
=
=
+ =
= = =
3
3
3
2
0
( 1) 0
( 1)( 1) 0
0 or 1 or 1
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x

Since the curve is not defined at x = 0 or at x = -1, the only turning
point is at x = 1.
When x = 1, = + = + =
1
1 1 1 2
1
y , so (1, 2) is a turning point.


= = +
3 5 3 5
2 2 2 2
2
1 1 1 3 1 3
2 2 2 2 4 8
2
d
d
y
x x x x
x

When x = 1, = + >
2
1 3
4 8
2
d
0
d
y
x
, so (1, 2) is a minimum point.

4.

= =
1
2
1
y x
x

=
3
2 1
2
d
d
y
x
x

When x = 1,

= =
3
2 1 1
2 2
d
1
d
y
x

When x = 1, = =
1
1
1
y
Tangent is straight line with gradient
1
2
passing through (1, 1).

Equation of tangent is =
=
= +
+ =
1
2
1 ( 1)
2( 1) ( 1)
2 2 1
2 3
y x
y x
y x
y x


AQA C2 Calculus 1 Exercise solutions
4 of 4 15/01/13 MEI
5.

= =
1 2
2
1 2
2 y x x
x x


= = +
2 3
2 3
d
1 4
2 2
d
y
x x
x x x

When x = 2, = + = + =
2 3
d
1 4 1 1 1
d 2 2 4 2 4
y
x

Gradient of tangent =
1
4
, so gradient of normal = -4.
When x = 2, = = =
2
1 2 1 1
0
2 2 2 2
y
Normal is straight line with gradient -4 passing through (2, 0)
Equation of normal is =
= +
0 4( 2)
4 8
y x
y x



6. (i)
2
2
2
2000
2000
V r h
r h
h
r
t
t
t
=
=
=


(ii) Surface area S
2
2
2
2
2 2
2000
2 2
4000
2
r rh
r r
r
r
r
t t
t t
t
t
= +
= +
= +


(iii)
2 1
2 4000 S r r t

= +

2
d
4 4000
d
S
r r
r
t

=
At turning point,
2
2
3
3
4000
4 0
4000
4
1000
10
r
r
r
r
r
r
t
t
t
t
=
=
=
=


2
3
2
d
4 8000 0
d
S
r
r
t

= + > , so this is a minimum point.
The surface area is minimised when
3
10
r
t
= cm.