LESSON

1
LECTURE
INTRODUCTION AND CLASSIFICATION
SUB OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson the trainee will e ale to!
1" De#onstrate an $nderstandin% of the introd$&tion to and &lassifi&ation of
'$#'s"
1"( INTRODUCTION
A '$#' is a #a&hine that adds 'ress$re )ener%*+ to a li,$id in order to!
Move fluid from a lower elevation to a higher elevation.
Move fluid from lower pressure areas to areas of higher pressure.
Increase the flow rate of a fluid.
-"( CLASSIFICATION
A '$#' #a* e &lassified on the asis of!
Application they serve
The materials from which they are constructed
Fluid they handle.
A more basic system of classification is the principle in which energy is addled to the
fluid under this system ail pumps may be divided into two major types.
1" Dynamic (entrifugal pump!
-" "ositive displacement
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-"1 D.NA/IC 0U/0S
All types of dynamic pumps depend on centrifugal force for their operation. According
to the centrifugal force principal centrifugal pumps wor. li.e shown in Fig. ,/,.
Fi%" 1 11" Rotation of i#'eller on shaft
As the impeller spins0 the fluid gains .inetic energy (energy of motion!.
Fluid moves away from the center of impeller and creates suction of vacuum in eye
that draws more fluid from the suction piping.
&utward movement of the fluid against casing wall further increases the .inetic
energy in the fluid as shown in Fig. ,/1.
Fi%" 11- Effe&t of Centrif$%al for&e
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At the discharge edges of the impeller0 when the fluid reaches the volute it moving
very fast0 and it has gained considerable .inetic energy.
The shape of the volute changes this energy of motion into pressure energy.
At the discharge end fluid e2pand. The e2pansion causes the fluid to slowdown and
to give up .inetic energy and it is transferred into pressure0 which forces the fluid out
of the pump and through the discharge piping as shown in Fig. ,/3.
Fi%" 112 F$n&tion of the 3ol$te
-"- 0OSITIVE DIS0LACE/ENT 0U/0S
+i4uid can be moved by displacement Fig. ,/5 clears that concept0 that two objects
cannot stay in one place.
Fi%" 114 Dis'la&e#ent * 'la&in% a solid and * a re&i'ro&atin%
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In Fig. ,/5 when a bloc. placed in the buc.et the bloc. will displace li4uid from the
buc.et. )o li4uid can be displaced with rotary as shown in Fig. ,/6 or reciprocating
motion.
Fi%" 115 Dis'la&e#ent * rotar* #otion
A positive displacement pump first traps a volume of li4uid in a cylinder or casing
then a moving part displaces a volume of li4uid from the cylinder or casing.
Fig. ,/7 shown a piston pump in function0 first piston move the air outside and
creates a suction by drawing a vacuum in the space the piston leaves and do to
vacuum fluid flow in the cylinder then again piston pushes the fluid and that is
(5ischarge from discharge valve.
Fi%" 116 A 'iston '$#' in f$n&tion
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Fi%" 117 Basi& 'arts of %ear '$#'s and '$#'s in f$n&tion
Fig. ,/8 shows a gear type rotary pump in function. The gear rotates in opposite
direction and the gear teeth ma.e a good trap for the li4uid. &n the discharge side
where the gear meshes together0 create the pressure and discharge through the
discharge port.
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2"( CLASSIFICATION OF D.NA/IC 0 1U/0
In the beginning of that lesson it is mention that ail centrifugal pumps operate on the
same way but they differ from one another such li.e in si9e0 shape and design Fig.
,/: shows the centrifugal pumps classification in detail.
Fi%" 118 Classifi&ation of &entrif$%al '$#'
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4"( CLASSIFICATION OF DIS0LACE/ENT 0U/0S
+i.e classification of dynamic pump. The positive displacement has also many types
and design Fig. ,/; shows the classification of displacement pumps.
Fi%" 119 Classifi&ation of dis'la&e#ent '$#'s
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