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I
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE FOR
PROJECT PANDORA MICROWAVE
TEST FACILITY
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Prepared by
E. V. Byron
October 1966
I
j
'
1M JohN Hoc*iM Uftl,.,.ity
PlfYttC& t.Ao&'fO!Irt
Scwil'IQ, MeryiMCt
ABSTRACT
MRT-4-045

This report describes the operational procedure for the Project
Pandora microwave test facility. It is intended primarily for non-
microwave oriented technical personnel to enable them to operate the
facility with a minimum of training. Included is the Turn-On, Turn-
Off Procedure, the procedure for measuring transmitted power and power
density, and a description of the power monitors .
-i-

f'MVItta UUhtoay
..... -
Section
I.
II.
)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Introduction
Equipment Operation
A. PreliminaryTurn-On Procedure
B. Operational Turn-On Procedure
c. Turn-Off Procedure
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
1
1
2
3
4
III. Procedure for Selecting Horn Sections, and Power 5
for Desired Power Density
A. Design Frequency Range for 5
"Expandable" Conical Horn
B. Horn Section for a Reduced Quiet Zone 6
IV. Microwave Power Monitor 7
A. Monitor No. 1 7
B. Monitor No. 2 and Alternate Monitor No. 1 8
-ii-
--
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.. ,,L.tiO PM1te& LAHU.fOft
,$1*' .... .....,,, ...
Figure No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Title
Pandora Microwave Equipment Racks
Pandora Microwave Equipment - Functional
Block Diagram
Power Density per Watt Transmitted for
Each Horn Section
High PO)oler Moni.tor - Meter Reading
. versus Transmitted Power
Received Power Density-Monitor Channel
Number 1
Table of Horn Section Aperture Diameter
-iii-
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
9
10
11
12
13
14
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sw a.-mo. MMviMII
I. INTRODUCTION
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 1
This report describes the operational procedure for the
Project Pando.ra microwave test facility. It is intended pri-
marily for non-microwave oriented technical personnel, to
enable them to operate the facility with a minimum of training.
Section II of this report del!neates the basic turn-on, turn-off
procedure for the equipment. Section III describes the procedure
for determining which of the "add-on" sections of the expandable
conical horn to use, and the power requirements for a desired
power density. Section IV describes the power monitors in the
microwave anechoic chamber,
The microwave equipment for Project Pandora is assembled in
the four equipment racks illustrated in figure 1. Rack No. 1
contains the Spectrum Analyzer R.F. and Display sections, Rack
No. 2 contains the auxiliary low-power microwave generation and
modulation equipment. The equipment in this rack is not inter-
connected (nor is the spectrum analyzer}. Rack No. 3 contains
the primary low power microwave generation and modulation equip-
ment, and the necessary monitoring and recording equipment. Rack
No. 4 contains the high power microwave amplifier and power sup
plies. The interconnection of these two racks, with the "expandable
horn" transmitting antenna in the anechoic chamber, is shown in
figure 2 which is a functional block diagram of the microwave sys-
tem.
II. EQUIPMENT OPERATION
The following instructions pertain to the operation of the
equipment assembled in equipment racks 3 and 4 with reference to
figures l and 2.
For operation of the various individual pieces of
equipment, refer to the manufacturers' operation
manuals which are available at the test facility.
j
..
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APPUCO f'tt1'&ce UUaA fOllY
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A.
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 2
Preliminary Turn On Procedure

Connect the proper transmitting section for
the required frequency and power denstty as outlined
in Section III of this procedure.
l. Equipment Rack Number 4
a. Turn on water supply. Pressure should be between
15 and 50 psi. I
b. Turn on low voltage A.C. power supply. Set Heater
Voltage to 6.3 volts.
c. Turn on D.C. power supply (solenoid power). Set
to 33 volts.
Under no circumstances should the solenoid
be operated without water cooling or perma-
nent damage will result. If the over current
light is energized, the door interlock is
open or there is insufficient water pressure
or solenoid current.
d. Set the Cathode Voltage switch on the high voltage
power supply to the Burn-in position and turn on the
high voltage.

There is a 3 minute delay before the high
voltage comes on. Allow 15 minutes warm-up.
2. Number 3
a. Turn on A.C. power to rack number 3.
b. Turn the Grid Control on the Alfred 5-6868, 10 watt
TWr amplifier to -250 volts. Turn Helix Control
completely CCW.
c. Turn HP692C Sweep Oscillator to Standby position.
d. Turn on power to all equipment, allow 15 minute
warm-up.
thit ~ Kac*iM ~ t y
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S:'-- ...... MttylMd
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 3
e. Zero all HP431C power meters. For maximum ac-
curacy, the power meters should be "re-zeroed"
periodically. Refer to the HP431C instruction
manual.
f. Turn Sweep Oscillator Output Attenuator and TWT
Output Attenuator completely CW (max. attenuation),
g. Set HP692C to desired frequency and connect for
desired modulation.
Note: Refer to the instruction manuals of the HP692,
HP8403A, and the HP3300A for the possible
modulation options and their settings. If
the auxiliary low power R.F. generation and
modulation equipment is to be used, refer to
the appropriate instruction manuals for pos-
sible interconnections and operating instruc-
tions.
h. Turn HP692C to Operate position.
B. Operational Turn On Procedure
1. Equipment ~ Number 4
a. Set Cathode Voltage switch to the .l/3.3KV position
and observe high voltage and current meters.
Do not allow high voltage to exceed 3250
vclts and the current to exceed 560 rna.
b. If necessary, adjust high voltage screwdrive adjust-
ment for high voltage meter reading of 3250 volts.
DO NOT EXCEED 560 MA. CURRENT.
2. Equipment Rack Number 3
a. Turn Helix Control on Alfred 5-6868 TWT completely CW.
b. Turn Grid Control on Alfred 5-6868 TWT completely CW.
',
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c.
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 4
Adjust Sweep Oscillator Output Attenuator for
maximum power output as observed on TWT Monitor
Power Meter. Lock in position.
d. Adjust TWT Output Attenuator for the required
transmitted power as observed on the TWT Monitor
Power Meter. Lck in position.
The transmitted power required for a desired
power density can be determined from figure 3
and Section III of this procedure.
The transmitted power can be determined from
the meter reading and figure 4; {High Power
Monitor, - Meter Reading vs. Output Power).
DO NOT EXCEED 250 WATTS TRANSMITTED POWER FOR
EXTENDED PERIODS OF TIME WITH THE INITIAL TUBE
SUPPLIED.
e. Set the monitor switches on the monitor switch panel
to connect the desired function to be monitored to
the strip chart recorder. The normal setting of these
switches is TWT Monitor to the recorder channel No. 2,
and Monitor Channel No. l to recorder channel No. 1.
f. Connect "Available Inputs" to the scope or the HP415
as required.
C. Turn Off Procedure
1. Equipment Rack Number 3
a. Turn 10 W TWT Output Attenuator max. CW {max.
attenuation).
b. Turn Sweep Oscillator Output Attenuator max. CW.
c. Turn Grid Control on Alfred 5-6868 10 Watt TWT to
-250 volts. Turn Helix Control completely CCW.
.
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APPU.O f'MYitea L.AU:btOY
~ ' ' - ' ' -
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 5
d. Turn HP692C Sweep Oscillator to Standby position.
, e Rack power may now be turned off.
2. Equipment ~ Number 4
a. Set the Cathode Voltage switch on high voltage
power supply to Burn-in position.
b. Turn off high voltage.
c. Turn off low voltage A.C. power supply.
d. Turn off D.C. power supply.
e. Turn off water supply.
III. PROCEDURE FOR SELECTING HORN SECTION AND OUTPUT POWER FOR DESIRED
POWER DENSITY
A. Design Frequency Range for ''Expandable" Conical Horn
The microwave facility was designed such that a suitable
quiet zone- minimum dimension, 3' wide by 2' high by 1' deep
for two "test samples" side by side- would be illuminated
uniformly a + l.Odb power variation in the quiet zone was
the design goal. The quiet zone, as discussed in this report,
starts at a transmission length of 23.0 feet and is symmetric
about the chambers horizontal and vertical axis. These quiet
zone dimensions, therefore, set the beamwidth characteristics
of the t'ransmitting horn; and a conical transmitting horn with
"add-on" section was designed to give maximum gain with the
required beamwidth over the S-Band frequency range. Under
these conditions, figure 3 shows the "design frequency range"
for the appropriate sections (D
1
through n
6
). This figure is
a plot of power density (in mw/cm
2
) per watt transmitted - Pd/W -
versus frequency, for each of the born sections. It can be seen
-2 2 .,
that, for the design frequency ranges, Pd/W is 1.6x10 mw/cm lOn.
watt
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PMY&tea u.eeaann
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Thus,
quiet
for 250 watts transmitted,
2
zone is 4.0 mw/cm 10%.
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 6
the power density in the
1. To determine specifically the transmitted power required
for a desired power density (at a given frequency in the
design range):
a. Determine Pd/W for the known frequency and horn
section from figure 3.
b. Solve: Pd/W X Power =
Power density
Power
..
Power dens it}!
Pd/W
c. Example: At 3.0 GHz, a power density of 2mw/cm
2
is required. (Horn Section
1)4)
Pd/W
-2
from figure 4.
c
1. 58x10
Power
2
126 watts =
- -2
..
l.58x10
--------
2. To determine power density from a known transmitted power:
a. netermine Pd/W for the known frequency and horn
section from figure 3.
b.
c.
Solve: Power density = Pd/W x Power
Example: At 3.5 GHz, 200 watts are transmitted (Horn
Section n
2
).
Pd/W 1.56xl0-
2
from figure 3.
-2 2
Power density= 1.56xl0 x200 = 3.13 mw/cm
B. Horn Section for a Reduced Quiet Zone
To increase the versatility of the test facility, additional
"add-on" horn sections were designed to uniformally illuminate suc-
cessively smaller quiet zone volumes with increased gain. The
determination of the quiet zone volume is dependent upon the beam-
width of the various sections and is beyond the scope of this re-
port. Suffice it to say that, at the upper end of the frequency
band (3.95 GHz) horn section n
10
will essentially illuminate uni-
,
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PM'fl* UMATOh
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MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 7
formly a quiet zone large enough for a single test sample -
1.5'W x l'H x l'D. At this frequency, n
10
gives the maximum
power density obtainable for the system. As the frequency is
decreased, horn section n
10
will uniformally illuminate a
proportionately larger volume with reduced gain.
1. The power required for a desired power density can be
determined as in Al &bove.
a. Example:
2
10 mw/cm power density is desired at
3.95 GHz (Horn Section D
10
)
Power
Power Density
Pd/W
Pd/W
-2
= 3.83 x 10 from figure 3
Power =
10
-3 260
3.83 X 10 m watts
IV. MICROWAVE POWER MONITORS
In addition to the high power TWT monitor, there are 3 power
monitors in the anechoic chamber. Two of these, Monitor #1, a
standard gain horn, and Monitor #2, a sleeve dipole, are connected
to the HP431C power meters in rack number 3. These two monitors
may be switched to the Mosley 7100B strip-chart recorder (see figure 2).
The third monitor, alternate monitor number 1, is a sleeve dipole and
has an available output as shown in figure 2.
A. Monitor Number 1
Monitor number 1, the standard gain horn, is the primary
"down stream" power density monitor. Power readings on the
Channel No. 1 power meter can be converted to power density
,!!! the point of measurement with reference to figure 5.
Note: It must. be reemphasized that this monitor, in conjunction
with. figure 5, measures the power density!! the point
where the monitor! placed u the chamber, and not the
power density at the center of the quiet zone as determined
in Section III.
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B. Monitor Number 2 and Alternate Monitor No, 1
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 8
These monitors are available to measure relative power
density and for the observation of signal waveforms at any
'
point in the chamber.
By placing monitor number 2, with its alternate monitor
line connected, at a point of known bower density (previously
determined as in Section III or IV A above), and placing alter-
nate monitor number 1, at any other point in the chamber; a
gross measurement of power density can be made by observing
the relative readings. Due to the nature of the chamber re-
flections, the power density measured in this manner can be in
error by 2 db; however, as a "gross" power density measurement
technique, these monitors are useful since they are lightweight
and easily movable.
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FIGURE 2
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QM:66-o7i
Page 11
Fig.3 POWER DENSITY PER WATT TRANSMITTED FOP.
EACH HORN SECTION
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QM-66-071
Page 12
......
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POWER METER READING : 2.00
CORRECTED METER READING 2Ji dbm 140 W ~ t t s P
7
TO SET TRANSMITTED POWER:
SUBTRACT CORiiECTION TERM FROM CORRECTED METER READING WHICH CORRESPONDS
TO DESIRED POWER. ADJUST POWER TO OBTAIN THIS VALUE ON TWi MONITOF; POWER
METER.
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METER READING : 3 .Odbm
CORRECTED METER READiNG 4.4 dllm
4.4dbm '* 3.0 MIIIIWGtb/cmt
TO SET POWER DENSITY:
SUBTRACT CORRECTION TERM FROM METER READING
WHICH CORRESPl>NOS TO REQUIRED POWER DENSITY.
ADJUST POWER TO OBTAIN THIS VALUE ON MONITOR
CHANNEL N!! I POWER METER.
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1
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FIGURE 6
Horn Section Dimension
!lorn Section Di.'ameter (inches)
Dl
Hf. 75
D2
11.75
D3
13.00
D4
14.00
D5
15.25
D6
16.75
D7
18.25
Dg
20.00
D9
22.25
DlO
24.5
MRT4-045
QM-66-071
Page 14
The JohN Hopllns Uftl..,itw
PMY81CI LAeoatOY
$ihlet SprinQ, Mlrylllnd
External Distribution:
P. Tamarkin
R. s. Cesaro/5
H. M. Grove
R. w. Beard
F. Koether
J. Sharp
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 15

lhot ..... Uft"-itf
rMVtiC8 t..Aoa.r.MY
"ho:w S.Wino. ,..,..klftd

Internal Distribution:
R. E. Gibson/2
A. Kossiakoff
A. M. Stone
J. w. Follin/2
J. L. Queen
T. c. Cheston
E. V. Byron
Archives/2
MRT-4 File
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 16
l

' ...
BINAL R::<:PORT
"EFFECTS OF LOH - LE'JEL NICRO'.-IA'E IlBACI/,TION ON
HE:A!!T R,\rE IN RABBITS"
rnl.s reseArch HSS suyporte"! by the Advanced Research Frojcct,
.Agenoy of the Depart:uent of Defense and monitored by u.s.
l>rr:;y i:c:Ucal 'Oesearch and Develop:::ent Com!'!'.P..nd, under Grant No,
DADA 17 - 69-G - 9288
The Zaret Fo'.l.n:l.ation, Inc.
1230 Post Read
Scarsdale, York 10583
by
..

' I
A nu::1ber of Soviet studir:s hn.ve reported that loH-level
mlcrouave irradiation, at. or beloN 10 m'J/crnj., alters the henrt
of h'J'!!n.ne en:!. I>1 on"' of th,., h"'st. controlled nnd. most
fully reporter\ of these studies, Presman and Lev1t1na:L 1rr;.cJ1.?.ted
various parts of th-e body of :rabblts with continuous
at 1ntens1 tl.es of 7 to 12 mcl/crn'-, 'I'he largest eff<!ct observ<"d
was an 1ncrense 1n heart re.te nnd after
of the dorsal aspect of the head. he next larRest effect was a
decrease 1n rate durlng and after i:rradlation of the HhrJle vent::--,,1
surface of the body. in rate nccompnnier! irradia-
tion of the back, of the tot?.l dorsal surface, of the ventral aspect
of the head, and of the aPdomen,
The purpose of the present study was to replicate the procedure
used by Presma.n find Levit1na for dorsal irraoiation of the head,
1n order to co:..lP.ct enoup;h additional either to conf1 :rm the .r
results or to establish that the differences in heart :rate are a
manifestation of variability rather than a consequence of irradiation.
l1eth.od
Subjects The subjects were 12 male rabbits weighing 2.0 to
-0 kg.
APD'l.T!'.tus poNer Has obtainecl. from a C';/, air-cooled nagnetron
with anom;put of 1.3 k'll, an anode volta::;;e of 2 kV, and an operatins
frequency of 2.409 (A= 12.5 This tube, manufactured by
Deutsche M1krowellen Gesellschaft, exhibited exceptional stability
the exposures. Power the tube Has conducted throu::;h
a f;avegul.de to the irradiating horn (F1,;. 1). liost of the GJ!trnetron
output was dissipated in a high-power load, and only about lOh
used to irradiate animal,
The horn was placed in an anechoic chamber \'11th 1 ts
main lobe directed so th.qt the animal ir:rajinteC. fro::l
::1. A.S. Presr!l!m and N.A. Levitina, Byull. Eksp. 'Bl.ol. Hed. 53, No. 1,
41-44 (1962); Engl. Transl., Bull. Eptl. B1ol. Hed. 53, 36-31
l
' .I
:.:c ter
I
\iavec;uidc ; oner:nistor

r
to Coax
'-1 >!oun t Nctcr
Adaptor
Po;;er
Supply
I
50 dB \lavcc;uide
Coax Cable
Coax to
Directional
.-
to Coax
iiavet;uide
Coupler Adaptor Adaptor
10 dB High
11agnetron
-
Directional
:--
?o>:er
Cuupler Load
,

Cage
Polyfoa;n
Block
..
Anechoic
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the apparatus,
2

'
above. The horn s aperture Has 7 J.l...1n. by 5 11n., its axial
J2 8
length Ha::; 15 ln., sn:'l its po11cr gain 19,54, The
anlmaJ. s head 29 1 n, from the horn. This distance tlas
uell Hlthin the region, b<.;<:;an at about 12.9 in.
fro;n the horn. Fro:n the estirua tc<l gain of the horn, 1 t ;.:as
calculated th"'t a total of 35 H le<J.ving the horn produced the
measured po>:er density of 10 in the vicinity of the
animal s head,
The power density ms !lleasurcd 1rith a Ramcor 1250 A densiometer
"'i th a call bra ted lol'l-gai n rectan;ular horn antenna, A Hewlett
:Packard Nodcl 431-:a '<as connected to the to
monitor the po>rer rlurin3 irradiation. The port'!r-:neter readins;
correspondl.ns to 10 m'.J/co;,. at the ani::a:s head wns determined
and used for settin:; the rcagnetron anode current. This cslibr-e.t'io!'l
proeedUI'e \ras conducted with the and <nioal not present in
the anechoic cha:nber, It observed that the rep;ion of uniform
densl.ty 11as sufficiently large that considerable variation
in the place!!!ent of the cage would still give the same power
ensity,
The anechoic chanber had interior dimensions of 4o:in. by 40 in.
6/.j. in., and lined Hith type cv-4 mlcrovrave absorber panels
, by E::erson-cu::ing, Thls material is rated to have
!reflections less than 20 db below the incident power level at
'2,0 Gllz; at 2,4 GEz the reflection is even lower, A plate of this
material used to shield the anic:al' s back dur1 ng irradla tion of
its head,
The rabbit was restrained -in a rooden box, 'l'thi<;:h was
placed the horn antenna in the anechoic chamber. r!eeC.le
electrodes inserted for EKG recor11n:s. After the animal ho.d
been in position for 15 min., its recorded once e9.ch ::1 n'ltt'!
for 10 min. before the of irradiation. Then the rabbit's
head 'I'Ias irradiated from above with continuous 12.5 em microwaves at
a po<ter density of 10 r.l\'1/cm;t for 20 min. During irradiation the
EKG recorded every 2 min, After the turned off, the
EKG was recorded every minute for 10 min. Each EKG trace was re-
corded for a 20 sec duration. Exactly the same procedure 1o1as
followed during the control sessions, except thr.<t the animal
'I'U:IS not irradiated. Each animal was irradiated t1tice and served
as a control twice: once before and once after irradiation,
J

Ucr:ul t;s
Ch'!n.;::es l.n

,.,]r.lllntrtl In t.he clescrtbed

b:, Prcsman anrl Le
1
ttin
11
"" follo,1r;: (a)For ellch trBce recordccl
and after 1rradtnt1>rl, <leviation fron the mean hellrt
rnte befo2c 1rredl:lt.ion w1:o cnlculrtt!"l, (b)'i'he corresponclint;
deviations were for thn tlnta from tl1e control secsions.
(r.H'he relnti V'!. chnnc;-c in for eflch record in<> period >:as
by subtracting nevintlon for control
the.correspon,lin::; dcvi'ltion for the 1rrad1ntion con:li tion,
_,
F<".ch of the three l1;r.P.phs in 2 represent the mean differences
1n heart rate

ei::-:ht irrnrlifltion sessions an:i ei,ht control

sessions, The results the first four rabbits that exnosed
show a relative 1ncre
13
se in hcnrt rate both durin; and after
ation, The ave_aace datA. for the: next fo:r rabbits a tlecre'ls"
dur1nr:; the fir:c;t io min of 1rr:d tnt ion and no consistent chanr:e
thereafter, The last four nnlmqln exhibited a decrease the
first 8 min followed by an incrcRse over the laat 18 min of the
session, All 12 animals recctverl the sAme dorsal irradiation of the
head, and the division into three groups is entirely arbitrary.
The average for all 12 animals are summarized in Flf,, J,
e dots represent the dnt:=:1 of th'! present based on
irradiation n!'ld 24 control A smP..ll decrease in
heart ra.te durinz the fir:>t 8 min Has folloNed b:; a lar;er increasa
I over the 22 r.1in. The crosses in Fig. J indicate the results
, of Presman and levi ti r.a, on 16 1rrB.dl.e.tion and 16 control
:trials Hith 8 r!lbbits The rel11tlve chan:z:e in heart rate \:as
i generally posi tl ve, a.;,.J this i \las both larger and more
:variable than the ts in on e:.:peri1::ent.
'I'able 1 lists the r:;e'l.n number of beats per 20 sec durin.<>;
successive 10 min oerl.ods of the control and the
sessions, The anl.in<J.l:; ... ,ere 1rrnr1iated during the middle 20 min
of.the irradiation ::hch entry in the table 1s based
on the results of 24 sessions. He:'lrt rate highest du::-l!\S
the first lO ;::in of both conditions and generallly decreased
over time, The of vorlance summarized in Table 2
shows that the vari
11
t1on over time was statistically significant,
as \:ere differences nnd the interaction bct,lcen radi-
ation and tir.::c, Thr: difference irradiation and control
conditions, however, was less than 2 beats per 20 sec,
and this difference was not RtRtictically
-
-------
I f
!
___ ;
second fliur-r .bbi t' --
-'- ---'-- ---
--
' '
.-
'
:::L
,-

1--l----
-c- '

j
,
' '-'-,_;_
.. :..:::.:::::::- .. --...:...
-
,_
2 4 6 8 10 12
,.. ....... 0::.
1-
.\
--- i ----
14 18 18 20 22 24 28
Time, min.
r,., -:'7
'
28
-
1-
1-
!--
f-
30
-------Irrad1a tion 1rradis. ti on .......,.
Fig. 2. Relative change 1n heart rate of rabbits irradiated
on the dorsal asoeot of the head 'With oo!ltinuous
of 12.5 em wavelength at 10 mw/cm
2
Each point represents
the mean difference between 8 exposures and 8 control sessions.
s
'
;

. :!:r:.:
"
,.:-
r:-
--,..
:-
,_
i.
'.
' '
'2 4
j\ ---.:-
' ./ ..
'
:;
'
I
_,_
x---.)
'c
'
I
I
6 8 10
. ; :-
I

,.,..)
/n_=--;z
, __
\(:'-
1-'-
: I
. I
;/
......-:-
;
!--
. --
1--

......

;---
---
I
-.,-
12 14 16 13 2o 22 24 215 28 30
Time, cin.
--------Irradiation irradiatiou---7
Fig. 3. change in heart rate of rabbits irradiated
on the dorr;al asoect of the head th continuous microHaves
of 12.5 c::: >:avelength at 10 GJ>I/c:n
2
Each dot represents the
cean difference between 24 exoosures and 24 control sessions
of the prec:ent experi:nent. The crosses reprecont th(;l results
of Presman and Levitina based on 16 exposures and 16 controls.
6

Control
Irratliation
_.,
-
Radiation
Time
Subjects
B x T
R X S
'l' :r. s
Flx'l'xS
Error
Table 1
Nr:an NUillber of SeAt!' ner 20 Sec
1st 10 m\n 2nrl 10 :nin 1rd 10 lfth 10 min
6).79
6).)1
61.73
6).)4
Table 2
.r..nalysis of Variance

_u_
2!.L
?.80 1 ?.80
69.07
3
2),02
10,507.23 11 955.20
36.89
3
12.23
11).96 11 10.}6
95.12
JJ
2;88
86.98
33
2.64
),661.43 96 )8.14
* Significant at the .01 level
-
-
- ....... ----------
61.95
62.83
L
<1
' , .
? 99l'
25.01}'<
4.66*
<1
<1
<1
Presma.n and Levitln3. ievised. the ratio K, which they called the
co-efficient of the chronotropic effect, to describe the effect of
<irradiation on heart rate,
K =
100 + l!li
100 + ffid
'
Hhere rei and ron are the respective Ch9nges in the Of
cases with rates increased or decreased from the control values.
An increase in rate is indicated by K > 1, and a decrease by K < 1,
ir results for ciorsal irracHation of the hee.rl were K = 1.3
lrradintion, K = 1.42 after 1rrad1at1on, The present
sults 1-:ere K = .84 dnr1ng 1rrad1ot1on and K = 1.19 after
1rrod1ation.
.
Discu:::s1on
There were six conditions in the experiment of Presmnn and
Levitina,. in each of which a different pqrt of the body was
irracUat{'cl, One condition (dorsal aspect of the head) produced
n relative increase 1n he'3.rt rate durln;:< end nfter ir:!:ad1at1on.
Another cond1 tion ventre.l surface) a decrease durin:>;
ond after irradiation. The other four conditions were accomvanlcd
by .. sll)aller and less consistent in rate. The results. of
j tl1e present experiment that such effects are due to chance
from one set of trials to another.
The variation from one sample to another under the same conditions
1
of rc:.diation ir" illustrated in Fig, 2. One set of data shoNs an
i increase in relative heart rate; another shows c:. decrease
I by no consistent change; the third, a decrease followed by an
:increase, When these three sets of data were BJeraged, as in Fig. 3,
I the variability from minute to minute became less, and the
ln heart rate became smaller, The larscst in the
craged data is about 2 beats per 20 sec, which is only 3 % of the
er.o.3e heart rate of 63 beats per 20 sec.
It is our conclusion that the in heart rate
I Presr.1an and. Levi ti !13 at tri bu ted to irradiation of diffe::.ent
parts of the body were simply due to the variation from one small
: sample of trlals to another, We are still collecting data on the
:effect of dors'il irradiation of the head at 10 rr-'.-1/cm:.., If the
effect continues to zero as our sample size increases,
'this conclusion be confirmed,
Future Research
We plan to run four more rabbits under the conditions of the
present If we still observe no effect of radiation
e.t 10 m' .. l/cm'", we shall proceed to higher poHer dens1 ties, in
order to determine the levels at which effects are
observable.
We are presently procedures for recording body
temperature and respiration rate, simultaneously heart
ra.te, \7hile the aniiruJ.l is irradiated. Temperature \71.11 be
recorded with a needle thermistor probe inserted subcutaneously
ust outside the area that is irrRdiated. Respiration rate \Jill
recorded by means of a sensor detects in chest
rcu:nfercnce. We nnticipatc that these recording procedures
8
shoula be standardized by 1 September 1969, whereupon we shall
B cf to
for all three indicators.
The first power density in the series will be 100 a
level which shovld produce evidence of thermRl stre!'s, S'J.Ch as
hyperventilation or hyperthermia. On subsequent exposures we
shall decrease the power level until no effect is produced, i.e.,
unt.i] heart rate, respirntion rate and temperatu:::e are the same
, durin;>; irradiation as durin.<>; the control sessions. If respiration
. or temperature is affected at lower po,rer levels than heart
rate, that would constitute further evidence a,":ainst th!l thesis
tba t rnlcroHave fields produce non-ther:nal effects on
cardl.ac acth>ity via direct action on the central nervous
system,
9
APPEliDIX I
SU!llmary of Tir,.H tA.
t-:- .. ..
. RA BBH :L
1:n::irr 1
. TiTf1;t
c R
..,
1
' 60 63
12
57
61<

59 58
56 58
5
60
57
6
59 .54
'7 55 57
;8
55 57
9 56 57
55
60
58
62
54 62
16
51
64
il8 61 61
20
58
61
22
54
62
24
59 58
26
53
61
28
56
60
30 55 57
Jl
6) 61
32
64
59
5l
58 58
58 63
3.5 57
61
36 54 56
37 57
6)
38 57 59
39 57
60
40 60 58
C=Control
R=llild.iatlon
2
I!
62 62
53 52
51 53
.51 56
56 59
57 .54
51 56
65 53
55 58
56 58
62 63
59 58
59 53
.53 .56
50 56
52 64
55 66
58 55
57 63
55 62
60 59
59 58
58 56
56 54
58. 58
56 53
53 54
53 54
56 56
54 53
It4BBIT
2
. JABBI'r 3
1 2 1 2

R c

-n

R
64 63 54 54 62 59
61 60
65" 61
58 59 61 63 60 59
63 56 58 56
62 61 61 60
6J 59
62 54 59 61
62 62
6J 58 60 57 59 64
62 60
61 59 62 55 61 63 62 62
62 61 60 56 62 62 62 62
64 62 60 60 60 62 61 60
68 64 60 54 62 62 61 61
66 60
58 57 59 61
62 60
66 63 .59 63 59 60
61 62.
6J 64 64 70 59 60
62 62
60 60 60 65 59 60 59
62
62 60 58 60 60 59
62 62
63 63 57 61 59 60 61 6J
58 67 58 56 59 60 60 62
56 64
57 57
59 60
60 61
55 72 57 52
58 61 58
61
64 77 56 .54 58 62 .58
61
60 66
64 .55
62 61
59
62
6J 67 64 53 61 59
61 64
61 74 68 53 60 6?,
60 64
56 65 67 52
60 6:;. 59 611
59 60 63 54 62 65
. 59 60
58 64 62 53
62 62 58 61
59 63
61 52 60 62 58 62
61 63 62 56
60"60 58 62
62 62 62 54 63 60 58 59
64 65 60 52 61 58 58 62
60 61 60 54 6o 6o
58 59
10
nAn;rrr
I
. '
1 2
c H

R
59 57 59 50
57 59
56
57 61 59 '8
62 53 56 55
60 58 57 4')
'
59 60 5? 62
57 59 57 58
56 59 55 59
58 59 57 59
.58 62 57 56
52 59
61 56
,51; 62 61
:; ......
55 59
58 56
52 62 57 49
.52 61 54 6J.
54 61 511 54
57 61
54 )If
52 60
56 55
55 60 52 45
57 62 56 56
55 59 55 56
53 58 52 56
55 58 50 58
56 60 54 55
52 59
61 61
52 60 64 56
54 58 58 53
57 60 58 55
57 60
51 56
56 58
48 6o
APPENDIX r
ummnr:v of D< tq
li!ll1ber of Be>tts per 20
.:__Rt, BB!T 5
RI\B:ITJ' L Rl\ 'BJliT 7 RABBI'l' 8
:r. :: :=:Nr 1 2 1 2
1 .
_2 ; 1 2 .'
:e:::1,:r c
n
R
c R
11
Q R
11 .!! .
R
I liB 1:.4 ?o 68
.. h2
62 69 ?6
82
6s 75 69 68 62 63
2 66 62 69 6? 8 46 61 ?0 ?6 80 69 ?It 69 63 6!J 61
l
66 62 69 6? 51
Ita
62 6!3 ?6 78 72 74 70 70 62 60
62 62 68 68
47 40 6:3 6? ?4 ?7 69 74 65 71 63 60
5
62 65 $7 68 It? 44 61 6? ';'5
77 71 ?6 69 68
'63 62
..
6
62
64 68 46 43 62 6?
75 73
70 ?6 69 69 64 62
7
6 62 70 66 44
43
62 6? 76 76 77 74 70 66 66 60
.8 62 60 66 69 44 41 64 70
75 77
70 78 73 72
65 62
9
62 61 70 69 43
42 60 68 ?6 ?7 72 74 72 71 64 53
60 64 68 65 46
47 62 69
75
76 71 74 ?1 78 62 62
67 60 68 66 Lf4 41 61 66
75
?4 71 70 72 67 63
4 66
65 67 43
4) 61 69
75 ?1 69 7 71 71 66 61
"'
.. 6
65 59 66 63 4? 41 63 68
75 '71 70 73 ?1 69 65 62
.[)
6? 59 65 70 52 40 61.66
75
71 69 72
73 70
67 62
0 64 62 67 66 46 42 61 64
77 ?4 71 73 73 68 66 62
2 62 61 65 68 44 -44
63 69
75
?6 70 73 ?4 70 62 62
I
62 62
63 65 43 41 60 65
73 73
66 ?4 73 69
61 62
,Jt
16
62 61
73 65 43
39
63 64 74 ?4 65 75 74 69 63 64
. '
!8 60 61
67 65 41
39 63 63
75 79
68 71 72 68 61 62
fo
64 58 63 66 40 40 60 62
75 78 69 73 71 70 60 59
;1
64 59 65 66 42 41 57 68 76 78 68 74 . 70 68
57 58
;2
62 58 66 66 46 44 57 64
80 68 76 72. 68 62 61
:l
62 58
. 64 66 . 40
40 57 64 75
so 71t 74 . 70 68 57 6o
62 58 64 65
t.;o
40 57 62.
74 78 72 74 -74 68 57 60
5
65 57
64 66 44 40 57 60 74 79
68.74
75 69
56 61
;6 62 58 65 70 43 38 58 65 74 76 71 80 70 69 58 60

62 60 6? 6? 43 38
58 62
75 75 70 ?3 72 70 58 62
18 60 58 64 66 41
L;6
57 66 80 74
72 75
68 69 56 61
19 61 59
60 64 42 40 63 62 76 74 67 71 72 71
64 6<;
f(l
64 59 68 64 44 61 63 71 72 68 70 73 70
61 65
.C=Control
R=Rad1at1on
.
11
' .
' .
'
RABBIr CJ,
-.
RfBBI'l' 10.
RADBIT ll
RABBIT '8_
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
' prrr) C
l1

Q
E
Q
E
Q
E
Q
E
Q
B
Q R
. ..
- -
'76 ?6
. . .
.
.
1
76 78 so. 75 7.3 77. 60 69 56 41;.
64 59
64 6lf
2
77 78
7g 73
80 75 ?4 78
58 63 55 44
63 59 65 68

so so
7 7.3 79 72 72 76 62 64 56 4L; 64 6)
59 67
78 Bo '}}j. 7 g
so 75 72 76 62 60
61 43 62 63
59 62
s
77'7? .71 7 81 84
72 78 62 61
58 52 62. 62 61 66
..
. ' ..
:
. .. .
' .
,6
?B 72 75 76
80 68
72 77
64 64 58 46 59 64 62 68
7 76 72 69 77 79 ?4 7/.j 78 58 62 54 54 57 6o 64 6U
........ 8 77 70 74 77 79 72 74 76 59 67
51> 40
58 58 58 54
'9 80 76 73 68
79 75 74 77
60 60 52 42 61 59 57 64
10
83 72 70 77 7J ?4 74 76
60 68 ,52 41 62 60
60 65
78 67
75 75 79 72 74 ?7 60
59
48 44 61 58 66 67
80 ?8
79 75 80 74 ?4 ?4 6) 60 50 42 62 57 64 64
75 76 76 76 80 72 ?0 7.3
61 58 52 50 61 54 62 61
tB
?4 79 73 75
80 72
75 73
62 62 51 48 62 61 63 66
w
'70 79
75 73.-
79 63 74 73
61 6o
50 4J 59 72 68 55
. 'I
:2
. 69 77
75 75
78 70 75 74 61 63 56 112
57 65
60
56
:4
7l 78 75 75 ?8 73 74 72
61; 62 4) 42
56 59
60
64 .
:6
73 77
76 74 78 74 71 75 57 64 44 4J 56 60 63
64
:8
72 78 76 73 77 7.3
72 74. 50 61; 44 45 59 68 60 64
.o
77 79 73 7J
76 72 67 74
61 61 41 41
57 59 58 58
1
73 82 72 74 78 ?2
63 74
61 6!j. 41 42
57 58
62 66
2 71 78 72 72 77 72 69 74
60 6) 42 42
55 57
62
6!}
J 71 77 70 70 ?8 70 76 74 56 6)
4) 41 58 58 62 70
4
69 75
68 76 78 72 75 72
60 62 40 46
59 56
61 65
_5 69 76 7 5 ?It 79 70 71.72
60 62 48 45 62 56 62 68
5 66 76 69 ?2 80 71 70 72
59 60
46
6) 59 64 6?
7 76 .76 71 67 76 70 ?2 72
60 62 46 '2 58 60 62 69
' 76 76
65 (If
76 76 70 73
61 60 46 46 64 6o 64 65 )
r
79 76 69 77
?6 74 68 71 61 58 J8 44 64 64 64 69
)
80 78 70 76 76 75
66 71
64 62 )8 )8 64 66 60 6J
tro1
1atlon

12
,,
I
ltw Joh" Hop\int Ul'livMtity
AI""'VIO. PM'ntCI LA&Ollt.tlOIIIY
Sil"'* Sprl"ffl,
C. TRANSMITTING HO&'l
=diECR4
HRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 4
The transmitting horn characteristics were dictated by the
dimensions of the qui.et zone to be uniformly illuminated. This de-
sign rationale and the test results are discussed in Appendix A of this
report. In order to provide a constant gain and beamwidth over the de-
sired frequency band, "add-on" sections were provided as depicted in
figure 5.
The first section of this "expandable" conical horn incor-
porates a rectangular to circular transition obviating the need for a
separate rectangular to circular waveguide transition.
Gain measurements and antenna patterns were taken for each
horn section at the center, and at the low and high ends of the S-Band
frequency range. The results of these measurements are summarized in
figures 6, 7, 8, and 9. Figure 6 shows the absolute gain of each of
the sections across the frequency band. Also shown, is the design fre-
quency range for each section. Figures 7 and 8 show the E and H plane
3 db beamwidth respectively, and figure 9 is a typical E and H plane
pattern (section D3) in its design frequency range.
D. POWER MONITORING
One of the prime requirements for the microwave test facility
was the ability to accurately determine the power density in the quiet
zone of the anechoic chamber and to observe the transmitted signal, within
the limits afforded by commercially available test equipment.
Three monitoring channels were incorporated in the system, and
several outputs are available for observing signal wave form,
either on an oscilloscope (detected outputs), or directly on the spectrum
analyzer (see figure 4).
1. Transmitted Power Monitor
To measure the transmitted power, two coaxial directional couplers
and a thermistor mount were installed in the high power equipment rack (fig-
ure 4). The thermistor output is connected to the HP 431C power meter in
rack number three. The loss in this coupled transmission path was measured
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HRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 5
over the S-Band frequency range. The resultant calibration was incor-
porated with the measured loss of the output cable and the waveguide to
coax adapter on the horn, to plot the transmitted power curve
shown in figure 10. This curve is a plot of corrected power meter reading
versus transmitted power. Included in this figure is the legend for deter-
mining transmitted power from the corrected meter reading, and conversely,
the method for setting the transmit red power by observing the meter reading.
This figure in conjunction with figure 11 (Power Density per l-latt Trans-
mitted for Each Horn Section) can be used to determine the on boresight
power density in the quiet zone. This is explained in greater detail in,
section II E.
2. Standard Gain Horn Monitor
The standard gain horn monitor (monitor number 1 in figure 4),
is the primary "downstream" power density monitor. The gain deviation ver-
sus frequency curve of the standard gain horn, and the measured loss of the
connecting cable and waveguide to coaxial adapter were incorporated into
one frequency correction curve, shown in figure 12. This figure is a plot
of the power density as a function of the corrected power meter reading.
The power density thus measured is the power density at the position where
the standard gain horn is placed in the chamber, and not the on boresight
power density alluded to in the section above. It is po$sible to measure
the pot<er density in the anechoic chamber directly, only if the horn moni-
tor can be physically placed at the desired position without interfering
with the experiment in progress. If this is not possible, then the po!ier
density can be determined by extrapolating the measured power density, to
the power density at any other position in the quiet zone by using the
known gain-beamwidth characteristics of the transmitting horn section. In
a similar fashion, the on boresight power density determined from the meas-
ured transmitted power can be extrapolated to any point in the quiet 20ne.
The determination of power den3ity for other than on boresight (and meas-
ured) conditions is discussed in Section II F.
e:c==r!'>
Ti!. 401!\Untat tot'l\&1-. kd'onnAio a.lft"Ctill.tl lb. tloaAJ Mf- ol Uw St."" whblu tM ol tO. IS
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3. Honitor Dipoles
MRT-4-046
QH-66-072
Page 6
In addition to the standard gain horn monitor, two sleeve di-
pole monitors are available in the chamber for the observation of signal
waveforos. These dipole monitors are shown in figure 13. The design
dimensions and the measured results are discussed in Appendix B.
It was originally intended that these dipoles would be cali-
brated and used to measure. the abso:ute power density at any position in
the chamber. Unfortunately, the rather large amplitude ripples caused by
the reflections from the chamber walls, precluded this possibility. (The
standard gain horn integrates the ripples over its considerably larger
area and, consequently, was substituted as the prime power density monitor.)
However, since the dipoles are light-weight and easily movable, they were
retained for signal waveform observation, and for the "gross measure" of
power density. Since the two monitors have identical characteristics, by
placing one at a region of known power density, and placing the other at
any desired position, the power density at any position can be determinec.
This is a "gross measurement" because the amplitude ripples can cause an
error as great as 2.0 db.
E. SELECTION OF TRANSMITTING HORN SECTIONS
As stated previously, the microwave facility was designed such
that a suitable quiet zone - minimum dimensions, 3' wide by 2' high by 1'
deep for two test samples side by side -would be uniformly illuminated;
a ~ 1.0 db power variation in the quiet zone was the design goal. The quiet
zone starts at a transmission length of 23.0' and is symmetric about the
chamber horizontal and vertical axis.
1. Design Frequency Range
As discussed in Appendix A, the quiet zone dimensions set the
beamwidth characteristics of the transmitting horn; and a conical trans-
mitting horn with "add-on" sections ,;as designed to give maximum gain with
the required beamwidth over the S-Band frequency range. Under these condi-
tions' figure n shows the "design frequency range" for the appropriate
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HRT-4-046
Ql-t-66-072
Page 7 .
sections (Dl through D6). This figure is a plot of power density (in
per watt transmitted - Pd/W - versus frequency for each of the horn sections
at a transmission length of 23.0 feet. These curves are obtained by plotting
the expression:
p
1
GT
Pd r
=
..
A
X
4rrR"
r
PT
w
as a function of frequency,
Yhere
GT
is the measured gain of eal.h of the transmitting horn sections,
and R = 23.0 feet is the transmission length. Thus Pr
A
r
1 is the
X
power density per watt transmitted when PT is the transmitted
It can be seen from figure ll that, for the design frequency
.a rrn</cma + to'.
ranges, l'd/W is 1. 6 x 10 ,. For 250 watts of transmit ted
Yatt -
power - the recommended upper limit for continuous operation of the high
power TWT- the power density is 4.0 mw/cnf 10%, which adequately meets
the design goal of 2 mw/cm
3
in the quiet zone.
Neglecting reflections in the chamber, the vari-
ation for angles off boresight is dependent upon the transmitting horn sec-
tion used (the gain), the frequency, the angle, and the transmission length.
The change in relative amplitude versus frequency for angles of 2, 4, and 6
degrees for each of the horn sections is shown in figures 14 and 15. The
change in relative amplitude is defined as the maximum relative power ampli-
tude at a designated frequency (the gain at boresight1 minus the relative
amplitude at the off boresight angle indicated, at the same frequency. The
curves were obtained from the measured antenna patterns. Thus, the curves
in figures 14 and 15 show the change in power density, for a fixed trans-
mitted power and transmission length, at the angles indicated for each of
the horn sections. For the minimum quiet zone dimensions, starting at a
transmission length of 23', the maximum off boresight angle, in the H plane
(vertical polarization) is:
= +
1
1.5 = 3.75, and in theE plane tan
23
1
23
0
= + 2.5 .
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It can be seen from figure 14 that in the design frequency range, the
maximum change in relative amplitude is 0.75 db, which occurs for horn
section Dl at frequency 4.0 GHz, (H plane, 4 degrees). Adding another
0.4 db due to the change in transmission length in the quiet zone (one
foot deep), the total change in relative amplitude, and hence the change
in power density for a fixed power transmitted, is 1.15 .6 db)
which is well within the+ 1.0 db goal set for the quiet zone.
-. ...... 0 - 0
For a quiet zone 4' wide x 3' high x l' deep (9H= 5 , 8E= 4.0 ),
the power density would be within 1.0 db (neglecting reflections). This
was borne out by the chamber evaluation discussed in Section III.
2. Horn Sections for Higher Power Densities
To increase the versatility of the facility, additional "add-on"
horn sections were designed to uniformly illuminate successively smaller
quiet zone volumes with increased gain. Thus, at the upper end of the fre-
quency band (3.95 GHz) horn section DlO will illuminate uniformly (.., .5 db)
a quiet zone large enough for a single test sample- 1.5' wide x l' high x
1' deep. This can be determined from figure 15 where for DlO and 9H 2,
6 + 1, !:.A "' . 5 db,
E -
sity obtainable for the
3.95 GHz, Pd/W"' 3.83 x
At this frequency, DlO gives the maximum power den-
system.
2
From figure 11, for horn section DlO at
10-
and the power required for a power density of
10 mw/cma is:
10
3
_
83
X
10
_a "' 260 watts which is obtainable from the high
power TWT in the system.
F. DETERMINATION OF DENSITY
As discussed in Section II D, the power density can be determined
by direct measurement using the standard gain horn monitor and figure 12, if
the monitor can be physically placed at the desired position. The on bore-
sight power density can also be from the measured transmitted
power and figure 11. From the discussion in Section E above, it can be seen
that this value will be correct to better than+ 1.0 db for any point in the
quiet zone in the design ranges.
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QM-66-072
Page 9
In using the larger section to illuminate the 3' wide by
2' high by 1' deep quiet zone, the power density at any position can
be determined from the on boresight power density/watt transmitted
curve (figure 11), and the AA curves given in figures 14 and 15.
As an example, for horn section DlO with 200 watts trans-
mitted at 3.95 GHz, the power density at boresight is Pd Pd/W x
:!
power transmitted. Pd/W = 3.83 x 10- from figure 11, therefore,
. l
Pd = 7.66 mw/cm
2
At the edge of the 3' quiet zone, eH 1.5/23 =
0
3. 75 Interpolating from figure 15 for DtO, SH = 3. 75; AA is ap-
proximately - 2.25 db = 601. of the maximum amplitude, and the power
density is approximately 7.66 x 60% = 4.56 at the quiet zone edge.
In a similar manner, the on boresight power density can be
determined from the measured power density at any point in the quiet
zone. Actual values measured during a preliminary experiment are used
as an example. The standard gain horn monitor was placed 2.5' off bore-
sight in azimuth, and its meter reading was 2.4 dbm. From figure 12, at
3.2 GHz (the transmitted frequency) the frequency correction term is 2.2
db. Thus, the corrected meter reading is + 2.4 dbm + 2.2 db = 4.6 dbm,
which (from figure 12) corresponds to a power density of 3.1 mw/cm
3
at
the point of The monitor horn position gives a SH = tan
0 0
2.5/23 = 6:1, and from figure 14 for = 6 and horn section D6
(the horn section used) 6A = 1.9 db= 65%. Therefore, the on boresight
power density is 3.1 mw/cm
2
x
6
;% = 4.78 mw/cm
2
For this experiment,
the measured transmitted power (210 watts) gives an on boresight power
density of 4.72 (from figure 11) which is in good agreement with
the above calculated value (4.78
III. EVALUATION: PROCEDURE AND RESULTS
1
The evaluation of the microwave test facility was divided in three
phases: (1) the evaluation of the reflection from the walls and ceiling of tb<
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Q.'!-66-072
Page 10
empty microwave chamber as measured with an absorber backed dipole and
a standard gain horn, (2) the measurement of the reflections from a
single sample container (both occupied and unoccupied) in the quiet zone
and (J) the measurement of the power density in the chamber using the high
power source and the various horn sections.
A. MICROWAVE CHAMBER EVALUATION
The results of the of the microwave anechoic chamber
are summarized in Table I. It can be seen from this tabulation, that for
the required minimum quiet zone dimensions - 3' Wide x 2' High x 1'
a total power variation 1.75 db is possible over the frequency
Deep -
'
band of
interest. At selected frequencies, adequate quiet zones with 1.25 db
variations are possible. The measurements, performed with an absorber backed
dipole, indicate that the power variations are primarily due to "amplitude
ripples" caused by reflections from the chamber walls. Naximum ripples as
great as 1.0 db were observed. Figure 16 is a typical example of the
power variation due to reflections. This data is for a 25' transmission
length at F = 3.25 GHz.
The values obtained with a standard gain horn at 3.25 GHz (gain =
16.5 db) are also shown in Table I, (from figure 21) as an example of the
optimistic conclusions resulting from the use of a large area receiving
antenna. The horn integrates the reflected ripples over a .receiving area
considerably larger than that 9f the dipole. ripples as observed
with the standard gain horn were less than z 0.25 db.
The chamber was evaluated by taking horizontal cuts, through the 4
foot cubic quiet zone which is centered equidistant between the side walls,
and the floor and ceiling; a distance 25.0' from the transmitting end wall.
The horizontal cuts extending + 2.0' from this quiet zone center, were taken
at elevation increments of 1.0', 1.5', 2.0' for each transmission
length increment l.O', z 1.5', and+ 2.0' from the 25.0' center point.
These measurements were repeated at each of the six different frequencies in
the design range of each of the horn sections. Relative power as a function
of horizontal distance was recorded on an X-Y recorder, equipped with a roll
chart adapter, for each of the measurement increments.
-
j
I
Th JO,.flt
,.,_,LIIO rMVIIU i.AJO,.AfOAY
"'- s.wu..o. N.tryi.Md
Quiet Zone Volumes and Po,.er Variations
Frequency
lume Dimens ,ons for Po .. Variations of:
(H;>rn Sect ion) :!;l.Odb :!;l.25db I l.Sdb :!::1. 75db 2.0db
None None 2'Wx2'Hx3'D 'D 4'Wx4'Hxl'D
2.6GHz
3'Wx3'Hx3'D 4'Wx3
1
Hx2
1
D
.(06)

3'Wx4
1
Hx2'D
2'Wx3'Hxl'D 4 'Wx3
1
Hx 1
1
D 4 'Wx3
1
Hx2 'D 4'WJ<3'Hx3
1
D 4
1
Wx4'Hx4'D
2.8GHz 3 'Wx2 Hx2
1
D 3 'Wx4 'Hxl 'D

(DS)
2
1
Wx3
1
Hx.2 'D 3
1
H>: 3
1
Hx4
1
D

2
1
lvx4' Hx2 'D Z'Hxi,'Hx4'D
3'Wx2'Hxl,
1
D 4
1
Wx2'Hxl'D 4'Wx3'Hxl'D I, 'Nx3' Hx2 'D 4 'Wx4'Hxl
1
D
J.OGHZ 3'l<
1
3'Hxl'D 3'Wx3'H.x2'D 3 'llx4
1
Hx3%'D 3'Wx4'H.x4'D
(D4) 3'Wx2' H.xJ'D J'Wx2'Hx4'D 3
1
Wx3
1
Hx4'D
2'Wx4'Hx2
1
D
3'Wx2'Hxl
1
D 4'Wx2'Hx2'D 4'Wx3'Hxl'D f4 'Wx4 'Hxl 'D 4'Wx4'Hx2'D
:.2SGHz 4'Wx2'Hx3'D 4
1
VIx3'Hx3
1
D 4 'Wx3 'Hx4'D
(D3) 3'Wx2'H.-:3l.;'D f4'Wx2'Hx4'D 3'Wx4'Hx3'D
3 'Wx3 'Hx4'D
3.25GHz 4'Wx3
1
Hxl
1
D 4'l<x4'Hxl
1
D Great r..any 4'Wx4
1
Hx4
1
D
(DJ) 3'Hx2
1
Hx2 4'Wx3'Hx3'D options
Standard Gain Many others
Horn
None None 2'Wx4'Hxl'D
JJ:Lx4
1
Hx1
1
D
4'lh4'Hx2
1
D
3.45GHz 2'Wx2' Hx2 'D 3'Wx2'Hx3\'D 4'lvx2
1
Hx3 'D
(D2) 2'Wxi'Hx2'D 3 'l-lx3 'Hx4 'D
2'Wx3'Hx4'D
2 'Wx2' Hx)s 'D 3'Wx2'Hxls'D 4 'Wx2
1
Hxl'D 4'Wx4
1
Hxl,'D 4'Wx4'Hx4'D
3.8GHz
2'Wx3'Hx2
1
D 3'Wx2'Hx3
1
D I+ 'I.Jx3' Hx4 'D
(Dl)
2 'Wx3
1
Hx4 'D
w = l-lidth H = Height D = Depth
"'2. 2:
4'Wx4'H:
(2. 7 5<
4
1
Wx4
1
H:
'
(2.5d
4'Wx4
1
H
(2. 25
4'Wx4'H
(2.25
Notes:
(1) All quiet zone volumes start at a transmission length of 23 feet and are
symmetric about the chamber width and height center points.
(2) Underlined are the volumes with minimum variations whose dimensions are
;,minimum required values (3'Wx2'Hxl'D)

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MRT-4-046'"
QN-66-072
Page 12
At each frequency, the measured power is relative to the hori-
zontal and vertical center points, at a transmission length of 23.0 feet.
Relative power levels were not maintained from frequency to frequency.
The resulting reams of data are summarized in seven tables,. based
on frequency, shown as Figures 16 through 22. Analysis of the seven tables,
using the crosshatch patterns shown in the NOTES section of these figures,
resulted in the summary in Table I.
The chamber evaluation, a standard gain horn instead of the
absorber backed dipole, was performed in an identical manner. These results
from figure 21, are also summarized in Table I.
The aforementioned crosshatch patterns, and the summarized results
in Table I, are subject to the following arbitrary rules and definitions in
order to keep the analysis manageable and to not unduly complicate the re-
sulting quiet zone options.
l. All summarized quiet zone volumes start at 23.0' and are sym-
metric about the chamber vertical and horizontal center points.
2. The lowest minimum power level in the vertical distances
metric about the center point determines the crosshatch pat-
tern. For example: in figure 16 for a transmission length of
23.0
1
in a horizontal distance of 2.0', the minimum power
levels for the symmetric distances UP 1.0' and DOWN l.O' are
-2.25 db and -0.75 db, respectively. Both of these points,
then, are assigned the crosshatch pattern associated with
-2.25 db, which is the minimum power level in the vertically
symmetric distance of 1.0' (UP 1.0' and DOWN 1.0').
3. The maximum ripple is the maximum positive and negative per-
turbation (in db) from the average power level curve (the
"smoothed" curve) in a horizontal traverse.
4. The underlined volumes in Table I are dictated by the mini-
volume required for two test samples in containers placed
side-by-side (3'Wx2'Hxl'D).
5. All power level values are rounded off to the nearest 0.25 db.
Although the data taking procedure does not preclude the possibility
ei#SiaR
' '
fl.l!tit <
TJtt. Cll)al.alu infotmatio lf"''rtia.a \M Ja\ioa.al dtlfe-.. >> &t:. tl'cit..d StMI wi\hia \! cl 'N t..-. Tid lS
7U u4 1M. Thot t.t.!Mmi.artl:lo.a !ill' th ol lU COOWtl\1: ill ny m&GOM to 1.11 ..,noDI W bylaw.

I
!
1M! JoMI ... ;,"
APfOUt:D fOMYII,. LA.Oti:ATOl'
S<Jv M.tyfMiod
of missing "worst point" cases, it is felt that the very large number of
data points measured represents a good statistical sampling, and the con-
clusions summarized in Table I are represennative of the chamber behavior.
B. EVALUATION OF TEST CONTAINER AND TEST SAMPLE IN THE CONTAINER
1. .Test Sample Container
Tests were conducted with a single test sample container in the
quiet zone. For the container no microwave absorbing liner, fairly
large amplitude ripples resulted (greater 5.0 db). With the container
almost completely lined with a microwave absorber (the "radiation window" ex-
cepted), these variations are reduced to 3.5 db. Removing
the plexiglass
from the back)
back that was on the container (the container is irradiated
and replacing it with a thin plexiglass back
further reduced these variations to 2.5 db.
(1/16" thick)
By absorber
lining certain braces that are within the radiation window (and cannot be
removed), the perturbations are reduced still further, to approximately
2.0 db, however, portions of the radiation window are blocked. In any
event, the test sample in the container perturbs the field in some different
manner and the question arises as to what constitutes a valid set of measure-
ments: the sample and container immersed into an unperturbed field, or the
sample placed in an unperturbed field within the container (if this were
possible). In either case (the test sample and container, or the sample
alone), complex multiple reflections result.
Consideration should be given to the possibility of constructing
a suitably lossy microwave container with a radiation window of the desired
dimensions.
2. Evaluation Procedure
The evaluation of the test sample container in the microwave cham-
ber was performed by mounting the container in the center of the four foot
cubic quiet zone (at a transmission length of 25.0 feet) on the horizontal
traversing mechanism. A monitor dipole was placed at a transmission length
of 23.0
1
on the and vertical center point. Received power was re-
corded as a function of the horizontal traverse of the container in the quiet
.,.
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MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 14
zone. The dipole was then moved toward the container in 3-inch increments
and the measurement repeated. This procedure was repeated for several dif-
ferent elevations of the monitor dipole and several different frequencies.
The test sample container was moved behind the dipole monitor, rather than
the monitor being moved in front of the container, because, in the latter
case, the traversing mechanism would "shadow" the container. Typical re-
sults of the container evaluation are shown in figure 24.
To mount the container at the proper elevation level, the travers-
ing mechanism was fitted with an absorber pedestal, upon which the container
was placed. The pedestal by itself (and the traversing mechanism) was evalu-
ated as described above with negligible perturbations of the R. F. field re
sulting.
3. Test Sample
The evaluation of a single test sample in the test sample container
was performed in a manner identical to the procedure described above. Results
of these tests show that the sample in the container does not greatly increase
the magnitude of the field perturbations over those observed for the container
alone - 2.88 db versus 2.63 for the two cases respectively - however, the
phase of the reflections is changed such that where a maximum was obeerved
without the test sample, a minimum might now exist. Table II, below, is a
summary of the evaluation of the test sample and the test sample container.
A.
B.
c.
TABLE II
Summary of Sample Container and Sample-in-Container Measurements
Test Condition
Sample Container Alone
Absorber Lined Container
.. .. ..
.. ..

(3/8' plexiglass
(no back)
(1/16" plexiglass
Sample in Sample Container
back)
back)
Absorber Lined Container (l/16" plexiglass back)
Sample Alone**
Field Variation
(l<orst Case*)
+ 3.63 db
+ 4.88 db
+ 2.63 db
+
2.88 db
+ .88 db
' *Worst Case greatest maximum to greatest minimum power variation in
the quiet zone, for all positions of dipole monitor (see
figure 24).
''''"'''''""' '"' oo olooo, ooo<oiooo ooO Oieo!o
monitor .
. "
Tlt. fOOCt.t.i.. informMB ali'K'W:le \M e..tlotW c( UM St.a$el witbut th. :neubq ol tbe E.tpioup t..-, Tit\li II
u.s,c .. m .ad TN. n. \t'a.Minloii!IIOO ot U. ol ita eol..ate lA u,. mno.r to- uuu'bori.Md it proft1bltl'd by Lt.
tlopkim Uniw.,.tlty
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C. POi/ER DENSITY
HRT-4-046
Q:,.t-66-072
Page 15
The final evaluation phase of the microwave test facility was
the measurement of the power density in the quiet zone, utilizing the com-
plete microwave chain.
The power density was measured with the standard gain horn monitor
as outlined in Section II F, for various frequencies, and for values of trans
mitted power between 200 and 300 watts with the appropriate horn sections.
These measured values were with the power density calculated from
the measured transmitted power and the Rain of the horn sections. The re-
sults are summarized in Table III.
Freq.
(GHz)
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.95
4.0
TABLE II!
Measured versus Calculated Pover Densities
Tx. Horn
Section
D6
D6
DS
D5
D5
D4
D4
D4
D3
D3
D2
D2
Dl
Dl
Dl
Dl
Dl
Dl
T:x:. Horn! Heasurtld
Gain t:x:. Power
(l-latts)
99.6
105.0
91.2
95.6
102.0
89.0
93.5
100.0
93.5
100.0
91.2
102.0
89.0
95.6
100.0
105.0
110.0
112.0
228
226
220
216
210
236
234
232
226
232
232
236
245
260
278
250
250
250
Calc. Power
Density -mw/cm
2
(PTGT/4nrf)
3.40
3.55
3.0
3.09
3.20
3.14
3.27
3.47
3.16
3.47
3.17
3.61
3.27
3. 71
4.16
3.93
4.12
4.19
NOTE: For these measurements R = 24.0'
Measured I A
Power Density Calc.
mw/cm
2

3.70
3.90
3.0
3.2
2.9
2.85
3.1
3.35
3.0
3.45
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.15
4.0
4.35
4.25
-0.30
-0.35
o.oo
-0.11
+0.30
+0.29
+0.17
+{). 12
+{). 16
+0.02
+0.17
+0.01
-0.33
+{),11
+0. 01
-O.Oi

-0. 0!
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Page 16
D. CONCLUSION
The microwave equipment at the Walter Reed facility is capable
of producing a power density of approximately 4.0 mw/cuf in a quiet zone
adequate for two test samples side-by-side (3'W x 2'H x l'D) over the
S-band frequency range, with a transmitted power of 250 watts - the
recommended upper limit for continuous operation of the high powered
traveling wave amplifier,
For reduced quiet zone volumes, a power density of 10 mw/cm
2
is possible.
When evaluated with an absorber backed dipole, total power
'
variations of+ 1.75 db were observed in the 3'W x 2'H x l'D quiet zone
over the S-Band frequency range, primarily due to reflections from the
chamber walls 1.0 db). Using a standard gain horn as the field
probe reduces the observed "ripples" to less 0.25 db.
For a single test sample in an absorber lined test sample
container, field variations 2.63 db were measured. The movement
of the sample alone produced variation of+ 0.88 db in the power
measured with the dipole antenna.
Fig. 1 MICROWAVE ANECHOIC CHAMBER
Q!i-66-072
Page 17
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5
,
~ /
-
,_
/
/

/1 /
4
,'
+6o
/I
'
,.
j"
,..
.-'
v
3
,.. ...
/
/
--
~ t.40
......
,.-
.1 ...
....
2
_ ... (-)L-
_....
_ ...
.......
20
i 2l
I --- i1' I
~ ~
I : I i I , I
. .
I I 0
2.6 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0
FREQUENCYGHz
---H PLANt
---- L A ~ f
MRT-4-046 -
QM-66-072
Page 31
:... ...
_ .. ,..- / '
l--f-.... -1:,.....-
--
3.2 34 3.6
FRE.QUENCY-GHz

~ ~ - -
... ""
.
""
.
~
HW'
[f..

,_
"""
"
~ . 1-
""
.
~ ~ ~
"' '
"'"' '

00
\
2..() o.o
10
2.0
..., ..... .,..
\ /.0
..., ..., "'
"
J. s I
l.O
'll o.o
1.0
1
I CAt
'NC!
2.o
l.S'
l!O'
!l o.o
l.O'
1.5'
----
Fi&utl,'! 17
CI\AM!!t:R EVAUIATtlm
FREQUENCY: _ ___;':.:.::...;;c';;;''----
TRANSUITTING HORN SECTION:
RECEIVING ANTENNA: "'"'""'
dlrote

NOTES:
+<l.S It'\' LS. ,!LN!l
+e.s tl' .. z.o zt.2,dt-
+tl.s t(l
J.'<'-"'""i.C +O.S lo ;!l.Hdb
ffi. hl d. 5 .f11fl:>
.. tt' _!).HI.!!:>
+O.'i h' :,;. 1Sdl>
1.0*
... o.o
t.o
2.0'
u:u
UlCI
l.S'
1.0*
!l o.o
l.5*
e.
rtp:ure- 18
CUAHREA EVALUATION
FREQUENCY: _ _: 2,;.: 8:..;0::;;"z:._ ___ _
TRANSMITTING HORfl SECTION:_;:.;;"':.._
RECEIVING ANTENUA: "''"'"
b.art::k\"d

NOTES:
- 0,0 .. 2.0 db.! 1.0 db
o.o .. 2.s ctb .. ! t.:rs db
0,0 - l.O db ::1 L S db
0.0 J.S db !: L 1S db
0.!) " 4 0 dh ... !: 0 db
I
I
I
1CA!.
AIIC!
.. o . o
1.0"
.1. ,.
2.0'
figurt .,
CHAKBER VAU1AT10N
FREQUENCY: 1.0 en
TRANSI.IITTIN;;-G-:H:O:RN-:S::E;_CT_IO_N__o__
RECEIVIIJG ANTE"N' '
q "'
baclwd dlpp}e
OATE: ____
NOTES:
u:AJ.
,..,.
0. 0.0
I CAL
\NCI
ll o.o
rtgure 20
CHAMBER EVALUATrON
FREQUENCY: ---'31.:..
TRANSMITTING HORN SECTION:
01
RECEIVING ANTENNA:
DATE: __
NOTES:
.-.. >: 0.5. 2.,.! 1.0 Jb
O.S .. 1.0 ! LH db
.. 0. s - J. s t. s db
//.//.:: 0.5 .. 4.0 .. :! l,JS db
.:>. U.S "-.S ! 2.fl db
.. t' .... s.o .!: ! !') Jb
1..--..J

........
., "' .
"""'"'
"' ..
00
"" ..... ..,..
<7' N 0'
t. :s
. t.o
t o.o
\.0'
2.0
1
>AL
ICI
i o.o
t.o
l.S'
t.o,
TIWISKlSBlON UNCTU 26.$
UUTIV! POIElot.IVIL (db)
tN llOill%0tiTAL bliTANCU OV!
....
:!2 .o
t.''
1.o RirPU
21
CII.AM8R EVAUJAT!O!C

TRANSUITTING HORN SECTION::_.:."':__
RECEIVING ANTENNA: ...:
5
:.;' ":.::"::.;d':.::":.'.:;
0
:.'
1
:.::"--

NOTES:

0.5 2.5
.
!
1.0 ..
0.5 ).00 .
!
L dl
.
'
0.> u
.
!
1.5

I
I
. 0., !..0 .

l.]j ..
TtCAL


2.ot

\,5t
p \.0'
to o.o

1.0'

J., 5'

2.0'
rxeJ,t..
TANC!
f 2.0'
l. S'
? t.ot
!'1!1 o.o

LO'
'
t, 't

22
CJIAMKf.K EVAU
1
Atlt)t;
FREQUEHCY: __ ::.;
3
..::.':...'..::"'..::."'-----
TRANSidiTTUIG HORN SECTION: '''
RECEIVmG ANTE!mA:
DATE:


IIOTES:

-+0. ::'!io 2,t$ .
\.
,,
J"
+0.
, .,
!
. ,
""
.
- 'J


'
"
.
!
"
J'
.
H'.:'S .\.
!
.:' ,tl J>
... !J.!'i .. 1
!
,:',,!'} U!
.
!CAL
\lttl
2.0
1
t.S'
tlt o.o
t.o
J.. s
!CAL
o\UCI
t . .S'
l.D'
!I 0.0
1.0'
l.'.
f'l&ur(! 23
'/AU!ATION
FREQUENCY:----''"-''=""=-'----
TRANSMITTING HORN SECTIQN:_n_ -
RECEIVING ANTENNA: "'"""''''
h.aked JJpnt.

NOTES:
0.0 - 2.0 -! l.Gdb
0.0. 1.5 :!.; LZSt!l-
0.0 J.O !: LSJb
l.s .. _: L:Sdh
O.tt- 4,l' ! :!.llJt.
I
"'

,
'
I '
' '
o I " ,.:_ !..."
i......--;- : I
I
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I I
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MRT-4-046
QM- 66-072
Page 40
I
' '
' '
' '
'
' '
'
' '
' 0

0
u!\;,..,..;.av
t.A.Oji:A'fOtiV
APPE1'.'1JIX A
Transmitting Horn, Design and Test Results
INTRODUCTIOii
,.
HRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page A 1
The anechoic chamber specifications originally called for a
four foot cubic quiet zone; however, it was determined that a quiet zone
3' wide x 2' high x l' deep would be suitable for two test samples in con-
tai.ners side-by-side. With a minimum transmitted power of 200 watts, a
power density of 2 rnw/cm
2
1.0 db wa& required in the quiet zone. To
allow for a margin of safety, a uniform illumination (within_:!: l.O db) in
a 4
1
1-' x 3'H x 2'D quiet zone was the design goal for the transmitting hor)'l
antenna.
A conicai transmitting horn antenna design was chosen because it
has an H plane to E plane beamwidth ratio close to that required (4 to 3),
without the narrower beam in the intercardinal planes associated with the
pyramidal horn antenna.
Because gain and beamwidth vary with the wavelength, the horn
design incorporates "add-on" sections for the various incremental band-
widths. This is discussed further under beamwidth considerations. The
first section includes a built-in rectangular to circular transition ob-
viating the need for a separate waveguide transition. Figure 5 in the main
section of this report is an illustration of the transmitting horn.
CONSIDERATIONS
The geometry for the horn illumination of the quiet zon2 is sho'm
in the following sketch.
1" H.,;,., U111i,..,.;1y
,..,..,,,tl I.AWotneta1'
$pfift9. M.Hyl-.1
.Sii'iiii

QN- 66-072
Page A2
The chamber specifications called for a maximum of ,5 db (t .25 db)
change in amplitude due to reflections from the walls, This value, added to
the .75 db (t .)7 db) change in amplitude due to the change in transmission
length dictated that the change in amplitude due to the
of the transmitting horn could not exceed .75 db in order to meet the design
goa 1 of ::!:: 1. 0 db change
above sketch, then, the
in power density in
.75 db beanwidth is
the quiet zone volume,
l
Fror:> the
e
- 0
2
2
= 2. tan l_ = 9.2 .
25
Fron
the figure in reference 3, the ratio of the .75 db beamwidth to the 3 db
beamwidJ:h is 5,. Thus,
eHc 75 db)
eH< 3 db)
= .5
9.2
= -- =
.5
The S-Band frequency range from 2 to 4 GHz t<as divided into eight
.....
increments, each representing approximately 10% of the band, in order to keep
the (and gain) nearly constant. To compensate for this ten percent
bandwidth, the design beamwidth was increased by ten percent, resulting in a
0
desired H plane 3 db beamwidth of 20 .
The horn aperture diameter in was determined froQ
h
i f h H 1 beam .. <dth (
4
)
t e express on rom t e p ane
70
9H(3 db)= D/t.
0
For 9H(3 20 , D/1. = 3.5. Starting at 2.0 GHz, the approxi-
mate 10% incremental freque.ncies, wavelengths, and the diameter of the horn
section computed from D/i. = 3.5 are shown in Table Al. Also shown in this
table are the lengths of the various sections computed from the geometry in
the following sketch.
_____-j = phase error
..--:::----l.:l'i/) .; \"J J in wave lengths
n f L""
<tt D1 D,., '
1
t

,'-<::__ spherical
/ phase froni:
--- Lt ---+---tn J
...------1. 7S'-' -----""'110!
For D "" 41.
(chosen)
L =
(3)
(4)
The Engineers Handbook and Buyers Guide 1966, Page 174
Antennas J. D. Kraus 1950, Page 381
... ... . o..J s:" " ..... . . . . . I o't.. _ :._ \.w .. -- ,,._ "'':ot..
. .,
)of>M HCJoliint Uniwrtity
l'f"l..l0 ,.hVSIC& l.Aa.OJI:AlOitY
.$pt<l!'OI, Mvrlnd
;t";.-1
,... --
46
QM 66-072
Page A3
-
Thus t = 81. determined the lengths of the various sections
as tabulated,
TABLE AI
Horn Dimens iO:'.S
Freq. A (in.)
Diameter (in.) Section
L (in.}
D = 3. St.. Designation n
2.00 5.8 20.0;1 DB
21.5
2. 20 5. 35 18.75 D7 17.5
2.45 4.80 16.75 D6 14.0
2.70 4.35 15.25 D5 10.5
2.95 4.00 14.0 D4 7.50
3.20 3.70 13.0 D3 5.25
3.55 3.35 ll. 75 D2 2.25
3.90 3.05 10.75 Dl 0
The recommended frequency range for S-Band WR 284 waveguide is
2.6 to 3.95 GHz, therefore horn sections larger than D6 may not be required.
However, should higher power densities be needed (over smaller areas) horn
sections D7 and DB, and two additional sections, D9 and DlO were constructed.
The diameters for D9 and DlO are 22.5 "and 24.5", and the lengths are 26.75
tl
and 31.75 respectively, based on the same criteria as the other sections.
GAIN REQUlRE}!ENTS
The above analysis assumes an aperture with sufficient
,,
gain to provide a power density of 2 trM/cm
2
for a minimum of 200 watts
of transmitted power. Reference 5 gives the gain of a conical horn as
4TTA
G (db) m 10 log 4where Lis the loss term (in the reference figure)
versus the phase deviation at the aperture edge. For the selected phase
deviation of A/4, L m 1.5 db; and 3.5
nD
2
G = 1.5 db = 20.85 - 1.5 m 19.4 db
(5)Antenna Engineers Hanrlbook H. Jasik, Ed. McGraw Hill (1961) Chap 10-4
..
TI-l Joh!'\J Hepkil'll On.iYt<'Jity
l,.PI,.U:O ,.Ji'fJI(;t &.Ao.uo
Spti,.g, /.l.tryttnd

NRT-4-046
QN-66-072
Page A4
The power density is
pr
PTGT
(min)
Pd


where
PT
= 200 watts
Ar
GT

19.4 db = 87
R = 24 ft
Pd = 2.6 which is adequate.
MEASURED VERSUS CALCULATED VALUES
The calculated was 19.4 db at the design frequencies,
which included a l. 5 db loss due to efficiency and phase error. The me as
ured gains at the design frequencies are tabulated below along with the dif-
ference between the measured and calculated gain (6G).
TABLE A2
Measured versu Calculated Gain
,
Horn Design I Measured Calculated
llG
Section f'requency Gain Gain
Dl

3.9 20.3 19.4 +0.9
D2 3.55 20.0 19.4 +0.6
D3 3.20 19. 7 19.4 +0.3
D4 2.95 19.7 19.4 +0.3
DS 2.7 19.6 19.4 +0.2
D6 2.45 19.4(est) 19.4 +0.0
From this table, it can be seen that the measured gain is very
slightly higher than calculated. This is due in part to the beamwidth being
slightly narrower than the design value; and in part to the phase deviation
at the aperture edge being less than A/4, and consequently, the loss due to
phase error and efficiency being slightly less than the 1.5 db allotted.
Table A3 below compares the measured and calculated 3 db beam-
widths, which again are in good agreement. These values
expression for the H plane 3 db beamwidth is more nearly
for the E plane SE ':;;' 55/Di .
indicate that
- 68
SH (3 = D/i.
the
and

TM- Joh"' MOJ)l.>nt u,.,.....,,;,..,
""'LilD .. HY.ICI t.AIIOJIIIAfUY
SC!'>/\9. Mrylnd
TABLE A3
Measured versus Calculated E & H Plane Bearnwidths
Calculated
Measured Measured
Plane 3db:S.W
70
Horn Frequency H
eH (3db >=nn.
E Plane 3dbB.W
Section (GHz) (Degrees) (Degrees)
Dl 3.9 18.9 20 15.8
D2 3.55 19.3 20 15.7
D3 3.2 '19. 7 20 15.7
D4 2.95 19.6 20 15.5
DS 2.7 19.5 20 15.5
D6 2.45 19.5 20 15.5
"' :::
HRT-4-046
Q"!-66-072
Page A5
Calculated
60
8E(3db)=nT
f.
17
17
17
17
170
170
c:CBET
Tt.i doeu1Mtlt eoata.iu !nforma\ioD alf:eniq th D&doMt dc ol tM UaiWKJ Stave witt\ia tb. rmoaoitlj' of the Ul>ioa-... t .. .._,, Title !!!'
'' l:t" ':0':\ "'"'" "T .... _..,.,..,;_;.,.... - ..... ._ .. ,.lu:,..,. N iM """'.,. .. h .. "" ... .,,.._. '"' "" ''""''''Mi....ri _ _...., i hv j.,.,..
Johro1 Hcsp\if'l1
.Jl"D PMYSICi. U*OtiATtHIY
M.ryl.,..a
APPENDIX B
Sleeve Dipole Antenna
_.AS!
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page Bl
A dipole was chosen as the field probe antenna for the chamber
evaluation in order to observe virtually all of the reflections from the
walls (and the ceiling and floor), which contribute to the perturbation o
the field in the chamber. The sleeve {or skirt) dipole design was selected
because of its natural configuration for an upright power monitor of a ver-
tically polarized field, and 0 its ease in construction utilizing
the APL 5-spline semirigid cable which was available; the dipole
probe tip simply screw5 into the cables hollow center conductor. The di-
pole is illustrated in figure Bl. This figure gives the pertinent design
dimensions which were arrived at etopirically using the basic tenets set
forth by Silver(
6
).
Figure 13, in the main section of this illustrated the
monitor version of the sleeve dipole used as a power monitor in the
chamber.
Figure B2 illustrates the "gooseneck" version used to evaluate
the chatober.
The VSWR of both version; is shown in figure B3. These value$
include the mi;match from the Type N to 5-spline cable transition. A sur-
prising feature of these dipoles is that the VSWR was less than 2:1 from
2.6 GHz to 11.4 GHz (the lireits of the then available equipment).
(G)Microwave Antenna Theory and Design S. Silver, Ed.
HIT Rad Lab Series, Vol 12 NeGra Hill (1949) Chap 8.2
5
I
I
...
0
"!
.059
Fig. Bi
~ l 66-077
Page Bl

ALUMINUM OUTER SLEEVE
'I.-II--TEFLON SLEEVE
DIMENSIONS OF "s"BAND SLEEVE DIPOLE
'lft"t l ..
,----- r"'fi"':'i m ., /"
("Jl(l- 4- U4b
QN-66-072
Page B3
.. I' ' ! A ,, .....11
I L:\f ..
7.1" r u:1 1
1
.j
1
I
I
L
;, . MOUNTING PLATE
_ _.f. ft_,,. - 12" j RANGE-
---
'--"TYPE N" TO 5 SPLINE CABLE
TRANSITION
CRYSTAL DETECTOR
RG 58/U CABLE
Fig. B2 MOVEABLE GOOSENECK DIPOLE MONITOR
_,,. :. '
a:
3<
"' >
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
2.6
1.6
1.4
'
~
"
h
I
I
v I
v
2.8
I
(\
I
'
\
"I
I
\
v
I
'-'I
j
'
I
' '
3.0 3.2 3.4
FREQUENCY-GHz
A
I .I"'\ I
-
I
v
v
v
v
1.2
1.0
2.6
I
Fig. 83
I
2.8 3.0 M
DIPOLE VSWR Vs FREQUENCY
to "Type N"Tronsilion l
I
v
HRT-4-046
Q:t- 56-072
Page B4
GOOSENECK DIPOLE
.1
I '
1\ I i
v \
\ ~
-
~ i
- .
.
I
'
3.6 3.8 4.0
STRA
1
GHT DIPOLE
..... !\.
,....
v
,,
I '

J
v
I
I
I
l
3.6 3.8 4.0
I

'
i
.l
l
'
r
i
I
!
i
!
i.
I
i
j
i
j.
f
i .
..
------------
-._.
I
.:..
-: ...
-
t \" - -8
#
1
c, c r 1:
+lr - ...... .. -.
:-: .. -.t\ I\\' ..... ..
_!!
//.. . lr
1
.. n/ ", 1
............... ............. -.
............. . f 'I ' "./ I .
I f. \ v \

,_
. r.o . ' ' , ............ -
'I-.
-- --. .. ,..._.:w,....._,_--!-f:-Y " ' .. _-;,_ ...
.. -: -. - '', ::.=r.;:- . ....,;.
-. .
\ I: t --\- --- I .
., .
"' \_ - . . . - f
L.::t;O- \ . \...,,_- ll!of-:lt.""
l
'
. ,\_. . ... ....... .. ,.
..,.,. u I
.... .,....,. ...... .
. .......

''7"".r:r:..-,."' r .J'I'A-e: -..$'7/d

TRAVELING PROSE DIUVl!: MEe&tftSM -'
4 ,
-. . . ; .-
'/_ : .;_ .. .
JN'1J folot:>\1,, Vnh..n::ry
I"MYalel LAMIU.TOfllY
Mlt"Vt-<!
. . .
APPENDIX C
Field Traversing Mechanism

'T!RT-"4- 046
Q?l- 66-072
Page Cl
The field traversing mechanism used to evaluate the anechoic
chamber is shown in figure Cl. It is capable of moving the probe antenna
(either the dipole or the standard gain horn) in azimuth and in elevation
a distance 2.5' from the center at variable speeds. The entire
mechanism was moved along the length of the chamber
during the evaluation.
Incorporated in the mechanism are voltage readouts proportional
to the distance (in both azimuth and elevation) which are used to drive an
X-Y recorder. Also are syncro po5ition indicators on the remote
control panel. Limit switches at the azimuth and elevation extremes set
the motor brake until the movement direction is reversed. Figure C3 is a
wiring diagram of the mechanism and its control panel.
The "mast" is readily removable for ease in transportation and
storage. For the "sample container" measurements, the mast and its "super
structuren, and the entire elevationu drive mechanism were removed, and an
pedestal was placed on the movable azimuth base. The sample con-
tainer was placed on this absorber pedestal and moved . 2. 0 feet in azilll1.I th
behind the fixed dipole monitor. During all measurements, the exposed super-
structure is absorber lined.
Figure CZ is the wiring diagram for the Field Traversing
I

.t. '--.J



t4 ....
..
-. .....
\! _ftZS...I!5ro\_ f
&

'!'
. '
'
.. :l
I
I
I
i
Un'-'tity
lCD fl'MY:...CI
liiVII" Sp-ih(J, M.wyltM
t '
External Distribution:
P. Tamarkin
Copy No.
1
R. s. Cesaro
2
R. s. Cesaro
3
R. s. Cesaro
4
R. s. Cesaro
5
R,
s. Cesaro
6
H. M. Grove
7
R. w. Beard W/o enclosures
F. Koether W/o enclosures
aliUJII&i
MRT-4-046
OM-66-072
Page Dl
'

, '"" fl'l Jot-na
' J \PPUt:..t U.aOJtA\'Oin'
,c;a-, St::Jr Meryland

UNCLASSIFIED
PRO.;ECT (U)
Final Report
!!a Ill F1 au INIIIM:LIU U?'PT!!Qs
66 bill 509.'N 119119 WBI ill!LY
UNCLASSIFIED
I
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
DRC-H-9331- oo ::<,
> '- r.: ,
J:. -
Prepared by
Eugane V. Byron
November 1966
,, .,.
....
I
I
'

..
., 1'ha Joi'>M HQIPkiM U"'-"tfY
11!!1 C'
. .lflP\.flO ,.Hntca uaouroY
... Sc:rt
1
-.. Meryltlt'ld
MRT-4-046
QH-66-072

ABSTRACT
This is the final report on the Applied Physics Laboratory's
contribution to Project PANDORA specifically, aid in the implementa-
tion, and the evaluation of a microwave test facility at Walter Reed
Army Institute of Resear;:h. An "expandable" conical horn transmitting
antenna, and monitor dipole receiving antennas were designed for use in
the anechoic chamber constructed by Emerson and Inc. A mechan-
ical field traversing mechanism was designed and constructed for the
chamber evaluation, the equipment was functionally assembled,
and the completed facility was thoroughly evaluated, The evaluation
included the me.uurement of p01;er variations in the quiet zone with and
without the sample container (with and without the test sample) in the
required position, and the mea3urement of the power density in the quiet
zone usir,g the Nicrowave Associates !:ligh pa.er TWT and the appropriate
transmitting horn sections .
,, '
Jr'l .. l
Tlil: doNfMat f.I061&1a. halonft&l.iolt 0.. .w ... o/ ,.,_ Uni\ed St..W witltie U of dw r..p.._,. t..d, Tilt. il
. ,. ,._ .. ,. - ,_ - ----- - _ ........ - ......... - .. ....... ibiW<l l:i,.rta
fh JQJ.,.. t<OJIMlM U,.,.....,..;ry
.. Af',.l.ttO l'ttY:tlt: t.Aa41tAtO.'t
.$:1W Sp,ti"'(J,-
HRT-4-046
Qli-66-072
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
Title Page
I INTRODUCTION 1
II DESCRIPTION OF TilE MICROWAVE FACILITY 2
A MICROWAVE ANECHOIC CHAMBER 2
B MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT 3
c TRANSMITTING HORN 4
D POWER MONITORING 4
1 Transmitted Power Monitor 4
2 Standard Gain Horn Monitor 5
3 Monitor Dipole 6
E SELECTION OF TRANSMITTING HORN SECTIONS
6
i
1 Design Frequency Range
6
2 Horn Sections for Higher Power Densities
8
I F DETERMINATION OF POWER DENSITY
8
I
III EVALUATION: PROCEDURE AND RESULTS
9
I A MICROWAVE CHAMBER EVALUATION 10
B EVALUATION OF TilE TEST SAMPLE CONTAINER, AND l3
THE TEST SAMPLE IN THE CONTAINER
1 Test Sample Container
l3
2 Evaluation Procedure
13
3 Test Sample
14
c POWER DENSITY MEASUREMENTS
15
D CONCLUSION 16
I t. 4
I
I

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Section
APPENDIX A
APPE!'.'DIX B
APPENDIX C
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued_) __
Title
TRANSMITTING DESIGN AND TEST RESULTS
SLEEVE DIPOLE ANTENNA
FIELD TRAVERSING MECHANISM

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure No. Title
1 Microwave Anechoic Chamber
2 Anechoic Chamber - General
Arrangement Drawing
3 Rack Arrangement of Microwave Equipment
4 Pandora Microwave Equipment - Functional
Block Diagram
5 Expandable Conical Horn
6 Absolute Gain of Conical Horn
7 E Plane 3 db Beamwidth of Conical Horn
8 H Plane 3 db Beamwidth of Conical Horn
9 Typical E and H Plane Patterns of Conical Horn
10 High Power TWT Monitor - Meter Reading vs.
Transmitted Power
11 Power Density per l4att Transmitted for Each
Horn Section
12 Received Power Density, Monitor Channel No. 1
13 Monitor Dipoles
14. Change in Relative Amplitude for Various Fixed
Angles vs. Frequency; Horn Sections Dl to D6
15 Change in Relative Amplitude for Various Fixed
Angles vs. Frequency; Horn Sections D7 to DlO
16 Typical Reflection from Chamber Walls
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

c;lI-66-072
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Figure No.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Bl
B2
B3
Cl
C2
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
(continued}
Title
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 2.6 GHz
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 2.8 GHz
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 3.0 GHz
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 3.25 GHz
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 3.25 GHz
(with Standard Gain Horn)
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 3.45 GHz
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 3.8 GHz
Field Perturbations Due to Sample Container
Sleeve Dipole Antenna
"Gooseneck" Monitor Dipole
VSl<R of Dipole Antennas
Field Traversing Mechanism
Wiring Diagram, Field Traversing Nechaniam
Page
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
B2
BJ
B4
C2
C3
4iEi'
NRT-4-046

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Table No.
1
2
3
Al
A2
A3
L1ST OF TABLES
Title
Quiet Zone Volumes and Power Variations
Summary of Sample CoPtainer Perturbations
Heasured versus Calculated Power
Transmitting Horn Dimensions
Heasured
Heasured
versus Calculated Gain
versus Calculated E & H
. :na
. ',_I
SRBil!f

- -
Densities
Plane Beamwid ths
Page
ll
14
15
A3
A4
A5
NRT-4-046
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Page l
I. INTRODUCTION
This is the final report on the contribution of the Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, to Project PANDORA-
specifically, aid in the implementation and the evaluation of a
wave test facility at the Reed Army Institute of Research, Forest
Glen Section. APL
1
s responsibillties were divided into roughly three
areas: (l) aid in determining the suitability of the microwave equip-
ment to be procured, and the assembly of this equipment (2)
the design and fabrication of necessary specialized equipment, - trans-
mitting horn, monitoring dipole antennas, a field traversing mechanism,
etc., and (3) the evaluation of the microwave anechoic chamber, the
calibration of the measurement equipment, and the test of the completed
facility. The test and evaluation of the completed facility included
the measurement of the power variations in the quiet zone of the anechoic
chamber with and without the sample container (with and without the test
sample) in the required position, and the measurement of the power den-
sity in the quiet zone.
In addition, a familiarization session was conducted for Army
(l)
personnel scheduled to operate the facility. A companion report
scribes the operational procedure, the procedure for determining the
pol>er requirements and which "add-on" section of the expandable conical
horn to use for a desired power density, and a description of the
taring equipment.
The commerically available microwave equipment was specified
and purchased by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory (AFAL), Wright-Patterson
AFB, Columbus, Ohio - the program managers. The microwave anechoic chamber
was designed and constructed by Emerson and Cuming, Inc., Canton, Has.
The high power microwave traveling wave tube was designed and built by
Microwave Associates, Burlington, with the associated power supplies
furnished by Alto Scientific, Inc., Palo Alto, California.
(1)
"Operational Procedure for Project PANDORA Nicrowave Test Facility"
APL/JHU Report HRT-4-045; (QH-66-071) dated October 1966 (li)
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Page 2

II. DESCRIPTION OF THE MICROWAVE FACILITY
The test facility implemented at Walter Reed con-
sists of a microwave anechoic chamber, an expRndable conical transmit-
ting horn attached to one end wall of the and the microwave
control and monitoring equipment installed in four equipment rRcks
which are housed in the c?ntrol room adjacent to the transmission end
of the chamber. Also, a standard gain horn power monitor, and two
sleeve dipole monitoring antennas are installed in the microwave chamber.
The facility was designed
sion potential through X-Band, such
to operate at S-Band, with conver-
that a suitable quiet zone - minimum
dimensions, 3' wide x 2' high x 1' deep, for two test samples side by
side - would be illuminated uniformly; a power density of 2 mw/cm
3
1.0 db
over the frequency band was the design goal, with a potential for a power
density of 10 mw/cur over a reduced volume and a: fixed frequency.
A. MICROWAVE ANECHOIC CHAMBER
The microwave anechoic chamber (Eccosorb Anechoic Chamber No.
650) is approximately 15' wide by 15' high by 35
1
long. The proposed
four foot cubic quiet zone is about a point 25 fee< from the
transmitting end wall, and equidistant between the floor, ceiling and
side walls. figure 1 is a photograph of the chamber; figure 2 is the
general arrangement drawing, and also shows the mounting detail for the
transmitting horn.
The design requirements for the chamber specified that the power
variations should not exceed .25 db superimposed on the transmitted gain
"droop" measured in the quiet zone.with an absorber backed dipole over the
frequency band of interest. As noted in Section III of this report,
these values were not realized, and power "amplitude ripples" as great as
1.0 db were observed. Tha chamber evaluation showed that for the minimum
quiet zone dimensions 3' wide x 2' high x 1
1
deep, - power variations of

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Page 3
+ 1.75 db were possible over the S-Band frequency range. Jfuen a stan
dard gain horn was used as the field probe instead of the absorber backed
dipole, considerable was observed; amplitude ripples were less
than i 0.25 db. This is discuosed further in Section III.
B. MICRO'..IAVE EQUIP}JENT
The microwave equipment is assembled in the four racks shown in
figure 3. Equipment rack number one contains the Spectrum Analyzer R. F.
and Display sections.
microwave generation
Rack number two contains the auxiliary low power
. t
and modulation equipment, and some and llary equip
ment, in addition to the control panel for the field traversing mechanism.
Rack number three contains the primary lowpm<er micrmave generation and
modulation equipment, and the necessary monitoring and recording equip-
ment. Rack number four contains the high power microwave amplifier and
associated power supplies and R. F. power monitors.
The equipment in rack number two is not interconnected (nor is
the spectrum analyzer). The interconnection of racks number three and four
with the expandable conical horn is shown in figure 4 which is a functior.al
block diagram of the microwave system. Also shown in this figure are the
"downstream" power monitors in the anechoic chamber.
All of the equipment assembled in racks number two and three are
commercial "off the shelf" units (traveling mechanism control panel ex-
cepted) and constitutes the best and most versatile, in terms of possible
R. F. modulations, microwave equipment available. This waa particularly
necessitated by the unknown nature of the desired signal for an experimental
facility. These units were specified and purchased by the program managers
(AFAL). Compatabili ty and suitability of this equipment was monitored by
APL and the equipment was functionally assembled and tested at APL and de-
livered as a unit to Walter Reed.
The high power microwave amplification equipment in four
was purchased under separate contract (from AFAL) to Microwave Associates
and was delivered as a unit.

M . .! II
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L5EJ GI.Et
PENDIX I
CALIBRATED HICRilvAVE FACIUTY AT WALTER RJY.':D Ar1ECHOIC CHAHBERS
Irradiated Test Section 4
1
X 2
1
X ~

BASIC SIGNAL
S-Band - Consists of Signal I and II operating at the same time and
superimposed.
Signal I
L Carrier - ).03 GHz
2. Noise - F!-1-Eodulation - "white" noise band limited - 0-5'00 Hz
20% of total energy is in the modulation products.
). 1 and 2 above are swept with a 440 cycle square l-rave at
+ 2 HHz ban&ridth,
Signal II
1. Carrier - 3.06GHz
2. Noise - FM-Kodulation as above except 80% ir,stead of 2o:t
in the modulation products.
). Sineliave - FM-Hodulation 25KHz single frequer,cy, a small amount
of this sir;nal is in the modulation product's,
4. 1, 2 and 3 above, are swept with a 440 cycle triangular wave
form + 10 megacycles from center frequency carrier
(3 .06-GHz).
The total average power per unit area arrivir,g in the test region where the
specimens are placed is about 5 milliwatts per square centimeter.
M:iJO.lO
p _ p p ; ~ y
..

Appendix I - continued
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TABLE I
Monkey working 7 days/week; 10 hrs/day for 79 days prior to radiation.
ALL TESTS conducted on one
DATE P..ADIATION KO RADIATION
-
29 Oct ::r
30 Oct X
31 Oct X
1 Nov X
2 Nov X
3
Nov X No effects to this point
b
h Nov X
5
Nov X
6 Nov X
7
Nov X
8 l1ov X
4
9 Nov X
10 Nov X
ll llov X
12 Nov X Yes Function "A"
13 Kov X Yes Complete stoppage in all
monkey in sleep
1h Nov X Yes
It
15 Hov X Yes
n
T
" ,. ,. .-. _,_ mo .
functions,
. '
TABLE I - continued
16 Uov X Yes Stoppage same as during radia-
tion, Stoppage of monkey work.
17 Nov X Yes
II
18 Nov X Returns to normal
19 Nov X
20 Eov X
21 Nov X
22 l!ov X
2) Nov X
0
24 liov X
25 l!ov X
26 Nov X
27 Hov X
28 Nov X
29i;ov X
30 llov X
1 Dec X
0
2 Dec X
3 Dec X
4 Dec X
5
Dec X
6 Dec X
'
-. -

TABLE I - continued
7
Dec X
8 Dec X
9 Dec X
10 Dec X
11 Dec X
12 Dec X
13 Dec X
T
14
Dec X
15 Dec X
End reporting period
Total number of radiation days 28
~ ~ complete cycles of stoppage:
One - recovering is normal
One - not yet recovered
Yes Function "A" - sloued dm-m
rapidly
Yes Complete stoppage of monkey -
all functions
Yes
II
Yes
II
Yes
II
Yes
II
No recovery as yet
0\.11
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f.pi;ft,PIJ(.,;'
\
MEMORANDUM FOR OASD(PA) FOIA
ATTN: CDR. LANGERMAN
SUBJECT: 89-FOI-2208 (PROJECT PANDORA)
AS YOU REQUESTED DURING OUR MEETING ON 21 DEC 1989, THE FOLLOWING
INFORMATION IS FURNISHED, IN ADDITION TO THE DOCUMENTS CONCERNING PROJECT
PANDORA, FOR RELEASE TO MICHAEL DROSNIN TO SATISFY HIS REQUEST UNDER SUBJECT CASE.
(ATTACH A)
THE TERM PROJECT BIZARRE IS NOT A SEPARATE PROJECT, BUT WAS A CODE NAME FOR
A SPECIAL ACCESS CATEGORY WITHIN THE PANDORA PROJECT.
AUL OTHER DOCUMENTATION RELATING TO THE PROJECT WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE
ARMY (WRAIR) AS OUTUNED IN THE "AGREEMENT TRANSFER OF PROJECT PANDORA"
(ATTACH B)
ALSO FORWARDED IS A COPY OF DARPA LETTER DATED 15 SEP 19771N RESPONSE TO
SENATOR MAGNUSON'S LETTER. WHICH MIGHT FURTHER SATISFY MR. DROSNIN'S REQUEST.
(ATTACH C)
FRED KOETHER
' '
FOIA CASE NO. 89-FOI-2208
ATTACH A:
1) MEMO FROM B. W. AUGENSTEIN TO DR. BROWN & DR. FUBINI, 13 MAY 65
2) MEMO FROM R. S. CESARO, AIDIR., ADV SENSORS TO DIR., ARPA, 15 OCT 65
3) MEMO FROM R. S CESARO, TO DIR., ARPA, 15 DEC 66
4) MEMO FROM R. S. CESARO FOR RECORD, 20 DEC 66
5) REPORT BY E. V. BYRON, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV, OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE FOR
PROJECT PANDORA MICROWAVE, OCT 66
6) REPORT BY E. V. BYRON, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV., PROJECT PANDORA, NOV 66
7) MEMO FROM R. S. CESARO, TO DIR .. DEF R&D, 27 SEP 67
8) MEMO FROM HERBERT POLLACK TOR. S. CESARO, 2 JAN 69
9) REPORT BY J. F. KUBIS, THESARATOGASTUDY, 8MAY69
1 0) MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF 17 JAN 69
11) MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF 21 APR 69
1 2 ) MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF 12 MAY 69
13) MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF 18 JUN 69
1 4 ) MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF 16 JUL 69
1 5) MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF 12& 13AUG69
1 6) LTR FROM RAND, REVIEW OF PANDORA EXPERIMENTS, 4 NOV 69
1 7 ) PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE EVAWATION OF DATA ASSOCIATED WITH PANDORA BY J.
F. KUBIS, 4 DEC 69
1 8) MEMO FROM IDA REVIEW PANEL TOR. S. CESARO, 14 JAN 69
' ..
.
. .
1 9 ) LETTER REPORT ON AO 791, 15 FEB 69
2 0 ) PROGRESS REPORT BY B. H. COHEN, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV., 28 FEB 70
2 1 ) FINAL REPORT BY K. R BRIZZEE, TULANE UNIV., 16 SEP 70
2 2) REPORT BY R. J. GAVALAS, UNIV OF CALIF AND D. 0. WALTER, ET AL, EFFECT OF LOW
LEVEL. LOW-FREQUENCY ELECTRIC FIELDS ON EEG AND BEHAVIOR IN MACACA NEMESTRINA
2 3) MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING, 12 JAN 70
2 4) FINAL REPORT BY ZARET FOUNDATION, INC.
ATIACHB:
AGREEMENT TRANSFER OF PROJECT PANDORA
ATIACHC:
LETIER FROM DR. HEILMEIER TO WARREN G. MAGNUSON, 15 SEP 77
Mr. Michael Drosnin
458 West Broadway, 5th Floor
New York, NY 10012
Dear Mr. Drosnin:
Ref: 89-FOI-2208/L
This responds to your December 5, 1989, Freedom of Informa-
tion Act (FOIA) request to the Office of the Secretary of Defense
which was received in this Directorate on December 12, 1989. Our
interim response of December 21, 1989, refers.
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has
determined that the documents at enclosure 1 are responsive to
your request pertaining to Project Pandora and have been granted
in full. Project Bizarre was not a separate project, rather, it
was a code name for a special category within the Pandora
Project. All other documentation relating to Project Pandora was
transferred to the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR)
per enclosure 2. The letter to Senator Magnuson at enclosure 3
may serve to answer any further questions you may have.
This office referred your request to the Services as previ-
ously indicated in our interim response. The Department of the
Navy response of January 10, 1990, and the Department of the Air
Force response of January 4, 1990, both correctly inform you that
they are unable to assist you in your search for documents.
WRAIR, under the Department of the Army, now has cognizance of
this information as indicated in the previous paragraph and
should be able to provide you a more substantive response.
After deleting 100 pages as an "other" requester, the charge-
able costs of processing your FOIA request consisted of 365 pages
of office machine reproduction (with the documents provided in
our interim response and this final response) at $0.15 per page.
Please indicate the FOIA reference number above on a check or
money order made payable to the U.S. Treasurer in the amount of
$54.75. Send the payment within 30 days to this office at the
following address:
Enclosures:
As stated
Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense
(Public Affairs)
Directorate for Freedom of Information
and Security Review
Pentagon, Room 2C757
Washington, DC 20301-1400
Sincerely,
w. M. McDonald
Director
Freedom of Information
and Security Review
CYT:LANGERMAN:mml:89-2208 1tr:900117: gr___pk ___ ye ___ wh
'
2
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR OF DEFENSE RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING
WASHINGTON, 0. C. 20301
MEMORANDUM FOR DR.
DR. FUBINI
13 May 65
SUBJECT: ARPA and Moscow Embassy Radiation
t' '"'"': ..
In the advanced sensor program, ARPA is entertaining proposals
to investigate possible clinical effects, primarily neurological,
of continuous microwave radiation with either CW or pulsed wave
forms.
The CIA and a special USIB Subcommittee have become interested
in this problem for the following reason. The radiation intensity
on our Moscow Embassy exceeds, by a factor of about 100, the
safety level specified in Soviet microwave specification standards.
These Soviet standards are considerably more stringent than ours.
Specifically, the Soviet standards are: to not exceed 10 microwatts
continuously and, in no case, to exceed l milliwatt for even very
short periods of time.
I understand that the average radiation intensity inside the windows
of our Moscow Embassy is on the order of l milliwatt. Consequently,
a considerable amount of interest has been generated by the CIA and
by the USIB in reviewing existing data in this field, which is very
scanty at these radiation levels, even though the possibility that the
radiation is intended to produce neurological effects on embassy
personnel is probably relatively low. On the other hand, since we
have no real idea of what the radiation is intended for, it has been
the feeling, in the USIB and the CIA, that this possibility should not
go unexplored. Unfortunately, there is some past unsavory history
of experiments of this kind in this country which has made a number
of people rather leery of further experiments in this field, and which
;
Q
'
\!,
,/
I
has resulted in the setting of standards of safety which are
approximately 1, 000 times looser in this country than in the Soviet
Union, with our standards being set primarily by thermal damage
thresholds. Effort has been going on by the Director of Clinical
Research, Neurology, in NIH on lower level radiation to see if
neurological effects can be detected but, even in this case, the
effort has not been apparently officially sanctioned as a NIH project
because of the circumstances noted earlier.
ARPA now has some proposals to conduct meaningful experiments
in this range in which the intent would ultimately be to experiment
not only with the average intensity of the Moscow radiation but also
with a close simulation of the wave forms used. However, there
seems to be some internal resistance in ARPA to the suggestion
that ARPA proceed with these experiments, probably because there
is a feeling that at one time it certainly attracted a number of crack
pots. The proposal which makes considerable sense now is a pro-
posal to use Air Force primates as subjects in a carefully controlled
series of experiments, with the intent being to detect neurological
or synergistic effects. My feeling is that we should carry through
these experiments, if these can be accomplished at reasonable cost,
because of the following considerations:
a. There is definite USIB and CIA interest in this propo-
sition, and I believe that a USIB recommendation that such research
be carried on can, or will, be generated.
b. The existing U.S. experience in this particular energy
range does not seem to be very satisfactory in quality of research.
c. The pragmatic fact 'exists that the Soviet Union is
irradiating our embassy in Moscow with radiation which exceeds by
a factor of 100 their own safety standards, and which would give us
a lever for protest if we wished.
d. Unless, and until, other explanations are found for the
purposes of the Embassy radiation, this should not be left an unexplored
possibility.
<

:; :::.
Loi.t.s 1'
''..1
L!MITEB
)
TCF SECitl
For these reasons, I believe that ARPA should be encouraged to
do this research as part of the advanced sensor program under
the assumption that a reasonably contained, high quality, and not
unduly expensive program can be formulated, I do not think that
the past history of this particular subject, which apparently makes
many people suspicious about the scientific content o such experi-
ments, should be allowed to impede a sound research program in
this area, for the reasons mentioned earlier.
.--
" ._, ........
B, W . Augenstein
3
T.C ,
i DE:; !Sll
15 October 1965
MEMORANDUM FOR THE illRJ!mOR
1
ADVANCED RJJBEI\:fflli PROJ&:TS AGENCY
SUBJECT: Justification Memorandum for Project
The purpose of this memorandum is to explain some of the backgrou."1d
requirements and justification for the ARPA Program Plan 562 relating
to Project PANDORA.
Background. For several years it has been noted that the American
Embassy in Moscow has been radiated with low level electromagnetic
signals on a more or less continuous basis. These emitting signals,
in the "S" and "L" band spectrum, have been of complex modulation .;i"th
seemingly random variations.
The White House has directed through USIB that intensive investi,
gative research be conducted within the State Department, CIA and DOD
to attempt to determine what the actual threat is and stop it. The
National program has been coordinated by the State Department under
code name project "TUMS." ARPA is represented and has been requested
to initiate a selective portion of the overall program concerned with
one of the potential threats, that of radiation effects on man.
Discussion. A program has been outlined to irradiate a group of
primates under carefully controlled conditions simulating the dosages
and complex modulation of the threat. This effort is known as Project
PAN:OORA. The trained primates will be carefully observed under varying
and controlled irradiated conditions in an attempt to determine if any
changes in their behavior or physiological condition can be detected.
This effort will be carried out on behalf of ARPA by the
organizations.
1. The Air Force will select, procure, and monitor the
electromagnetic generating equipment and control the environment thus
produced. An initial study of equipment was made under ARPA Order #'757.
They will integrate above resources into a system and provide an aero-
space medical doctor to assist the other medical team members in the
test program.
2. The Applied Physics Laboratory will provide scientific
consulting services and technical in the design and fabri,
cation of the laboratory, its electromagnetic environment and test
facilities pertaining thereto.
H'Ml!T:t !Hl 3
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3 The Walter Reed Arnry Institute of Research will provide
laboratory quarters, primates, biological monitoring and data reduction
capabilities.
4. In addition, 14r. Nark Groves, of the Wright Patterson
Avionics Laboratory will act as ARPA monitor and coordinator for this
project. Additionally, other consultants which will be utilized include
Drs. Nat Baldwin, NIH; Ross Adey, UCLA; llilton Zaret, Zaret Foundation;
J. Johnson, CIA; and H. Pollack, IDA.
Recommended Action. It is recommended that ARPA initiate the
required ARPA Orders as covered in the Program Plan attached. This
memorandum, being of a sensitive nature) wil:tr-be retained in the Office
of Advanced Sensors and act as justificationii1 depth for above referenced
future Program Plan and ARPA Order. \ ( ( \ \

a:: 'tsaro
Acting Director
Advanced Sensors
2
.
iitzl(Jed ACCG!t
1
IZ"EO
X
OfltY
ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY
WASHINGTON 25, D.C.
lIEHORAl!DUH FOR TilE DIFRCTOR, ARPA
SUBJECT: Project PANDORA - Initial Test
I. BACKGR::.:UND
In excess of five years, the American Embassy in Hoscow has been
radiated with low level electromagnetic (the Signal) on
a more or less continuous basis. These signals, in the "S" and "L"
band spectrum, have been of cor.1plex modulation with seemingly random
variations.
The 1-.'hite House has directed, through USIB, that intensive in-
vestigative research be conducted tiithin the State Department, CIA and
DOD to attempt to determine what the actual threat is and stop it. The
!'ational Program has been coordinated by the Sta<.e Department, ur.der
code name,
11
TUHS.
11
ARPA is represented and is condu.cting research on
a selective portion of the overall program concerned 1-rith one of the
potential threats, that of effects of low level electromagnetic
radiation on man. This memorandum sunmarizes the initial test results
obtained from this program called PANDORA. The extrenely sensitive
nature of the results obtained to date, and their impact on National
Security, has resulted in establishing a special access category for all
data results and analysis, under code name
11
BIZAPJ'.E.
11
The code name is
unclassified. Results can only be discussed or conveyed to in-
dividuals cleared for this special access through Nr. Daniel J. Sullivan,
ARPA.
II. StJl.'}!ARY
The most important results obtained to date, after 28 days (not
continuous) of radiation of a primate at 5 millhlatts/cm2 with a silm-
lated Hoscow Signal, have been two repetive, complete slowdowns and stoppages of
the monkey in carrying out his test functions. The monkey works 10 hrs/
day, 7 days/week. At stoppage, the data strongly su,:;gests the monkey 'ient
into deep sleep. The second breakdown occurred sooner than the first, in-
dicating that pre-stressing due to the radiation environment had occurred.
There is no question that penetration of the central nervous system has
_. _' _L_J . _.-_ ..

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!18
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. .L: .-J v -..J
been achieved,. either directly or indirectly into that portion of the
brain concerned with the changes in the work functions and the effects
observed.
Events leading to these breakdmms were as follows: On the 12th
day of radiation (10 hrs/day), a definite slowdown was recorded in the
monkey's ability to time his work functions. On the 13th day of radia-
tion, the monkey further degraded and finally stopped working. For the
next two days of radiation, the monkey's condition remained -
complete stoppage - at which time the radiation was terminated. Three
days later (without radiation) the monkey returned to normal operation
in his work functions. For five additional days {tl"ithout radiation)
the monkey maintained a normal wcrk pattern. Radiation was turned on
after this period and after eight days of radiation slmrdo>m in ,:ork
functions was again recorded. On the lOth day of radiation, complete
stoppage occurred. The stoppage continued for the next three days at
which time radiation was terminated. The next two days of recordings,
up to 15 December 1966, reveal the monkey had not returned to normal.
At all times when the monkey ceased to respond, the measured deep
core temperature dropped 1,2 to 1.5F from normal <nth a latency of JO
to 60 minutes. It stayed at this level for the of the 10 hr/
day. This data and direct observations on a TV monitor stronely suggest
the monkey was in deep sleep.
III. DETAILED TECHJ:ICAL DISCUSSIOl-:S
A. Signsl
1. The radiation intensity on our Embassy exceeds, by
a factor of about 100, the safety level specified in microuave
specification 2t:mdards; specifically, lO - not to exceed
l for short periods of time (15-20 minutes). The average
steady level within the "oscow Embassy has been measured at values in
excess of l milliwatt/em:!, The U.S. safety standard is 10 millir,;atts/cm2,
Laqe a'T!ounts of Soviet technical literature discuss non-thermal neuro-
physiological and neuro-circulatory of microwave at
levels below the U.S. accepted standard of 10 milliwatts/cm There has
been essentially no u.s. data covering this Soviet area of investigation.
2. The signal used in the PANOORA radiation experiments is a
simulated portion of the Hoscow Signal and its characteristics
are shown in Appendix I, including a photograph of a spectrum analy-zer
display of the complete signal and an oscilloscope recording of the modu-
lation signal amplitude characteristics. Generally, the signal is centered
around ).0 GHz (S-hand) and is frequency modulated. The average power
density impinging on the monkey is approximately 5 milliwatts/cm2,
_ .. ' '
fi:T t . '
B. Animal Test Hode
E
,, ' l .. I A'
.r - ... ,.... J L.....,
1. All testing, to date, bas beer. ccnducted on or.e monkey.
The monkey established a base of performance over 79 days prior to test-
ing in the radiation environment. A male rhesus monkey was restrained
in a chair in the anechoic chamber and trained in place to establish his
base level performance without the radiation environment. Hankey work
functions are broken down into a s::hedule: (1) Function "A" -
is cued to monkey by a tone of 3300 cps. This function is designed
to establish a base level of time response dependent upon internal clock,
or the ability of the animal to estimate time. The monkey is required
to wait for a period in excess of 50 seconds after the auditory cue then
respond by closin5 a switch. A response before 50 seconds requires tr
monkey to re-cycle. The monkey is rewarded with a food pellet upon cor-
rect delayed response interval; (2) Function "B" - is cued to the monkey
by a tone of 1450 cps. In this mode the monkey must sense change in tcne
from 3300 cps to the new sigr:al of 1450 cps wi1ich results L'1 the monkey
carrying out a new function. This net function is to delay response
until the tone goes off; (3) Fcmction
11
C
11
- starts when the tcne of
lh50 cps stops and the monkey now must press a lever for each food pellet
which is delivered only after the appropriate geometric in
number of switch closings.
2. The proo;ression is as folleTs:
SteP No.

of Switch Closings Pellets Delivered
1 40 1
2 80 l
3
160 l
4 320 l
5
640 1
At the end of Step 5, the program is re-cycled,
IV. TEST RESULTS
A. Function
11
A
11
- Results presented in Figures 1 through 4 show
the follo;.ring: In all figures, the black curves represent the normal
average response for this animal with tlme, without the radiation environ-
ment. The vertical black lines with horizontal "pips" represent the entire
date point range of 79 days of pre-exposure results. The red line indi-
cates the performance level for the day indicated. 1 represents
3
----" --1
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6 I I q
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------ ---- --
\
J '' r ! ,,
1 2 5 . '
performance after nine days of accumulative radiation exposure . This
curve does not deviate from normal. 2 presents results after
fourteen days of accumulative radiation exposure. The red line shows
a slowdown in the animal's timing behavior. Figure 3 presents results
after eight days of no exposure preceded by twenty-three days of ex-
posure, sequenced as shcmn in Table I. This data indicates the monkey
returned to normal performance. Fi;ure 4 presents results after twenty-
six days of cumulative exposure and shows a marked decrease in the timing
behavior (red curve).
B. Function n B
11
data renorted above.
Essentially no change observed ii1 all of the
c. Function "C" - After twelve days of radiation exposure, the
time for completing the geometric progression shm1ed a tendency to in-
crease (slowdown). Qr, the thirteenth day, the time to was
clez.::"ly greater than norr;;al and 5 hours and 29 minutes from the start of
session, the monkey stopped responding altogether at the progression
function requiring 640 responses, The next two days (14 and 15), the same
pattern nas seen with the monkey stopping 5 hours and 56 miloutes into the
10 hour session. The next two days, because of equipment failure, no
radiation of the monkey occurred - although the monkey stopped uorking
completely (all functions) and did not recover until the third day of no
radiation. Complete cessation of all work function occurred for a total
of five consecutive days during this run.
D. Function "D"
and 26th day of radiation,
V. 5FFECTS
The same effect <ras repeated on the 24th, 25th
At this re;oorting, recovery is not established.
At all times, when. the monkey ceased to respond, the measured deep
core temperature dropped 1.2 to 1.5F from normal <lith a latency of 30
to 60 minutes and stayed at this level for the remainder of the 10 hours.
This data and observations on a TV monitor strongly suggest the monkey <Jas
in deep sleep.
The next key step in the program will involve rep8ating these ex-
periments <lith a new monkey. Confirming previous results at this stage will
require extremely careful experimentation and measurements to begin
to understand the mechanism involved and identify supporting laboratory re-
search that must be conducted.
s
Jt_
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ADVANCED RESEARCH
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20301
liEHOl'J!DUM ?OR THE RZCOliD
SUBJECT: Project PA!mORA - Initial Test Results
20 December 1966
Reference: PIJ1DORA-BIZARJE Test Results - Memo dated 15 Dec 66
I. BACKGROUHD
For more than five years, the America.> I:moassy in Hoscow has been
radiated 1-1ith low level signals (the Hoscow Signal) on
a more or less daily basis for several hours a day. These in
the "S" and "L" band spectrum, have been in part recorded and are of
complex modulation 1-li th a pnttern of variation, some of ;rhich seems to
be random.
The iThite House has directed, through USIB, that intensive in-
vestigative research be conducted Hithin the State Department, CIA and
DOD to attempt to determine what the threat is. The l!ational !'rogram
has been coordinated by the State Department, under code name,
11
Tlfi.IS.
11
ARPA is represented and is conducting research on a selective portion
of the overall program concerned with one of the potential threats,
that of the effects of low level electromagnetic radiation on man.
This memorandum summarizes the initial test results obtained from this
program called PANDORA.
II. S\J11iIARY
The most important results to date, after 28 days (not
continuous) of radiation of a at 5 milliwatts/cm2 ;dth a simu-
lated l!oscow Signal, have been two repetitive, complete slowdmms and
stoppages of the monkey in carrying out his test 1-1ork functions. The
monkey normally works 10 hrs/day, 7 days teek. At stoppage, the data
strongly the monkey went into deep sleep. The second break-
down occurred sooner than the first, suggesting that pre-stressing due
to the radiation environment had occurred. There is no question that pene-
tration of the central nervous system has been aclueved, either directly or
indirectly into that portion of the brain concerned with the changes in
I
the work functions and the effects observed. T:'"' !"C:'''. . '''.'; t ., .. ,
1----- ----.. -------

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Events leading to these breakdowns were as follows: On the 12th
day of radiation (10 hrs/day), a definite slowdown was recorded in the
monkey's ability to time his work functions. On the 13th day of radia-
tion, the l!!Onkey !'urther degraded and finally stopped <TOrldng. For the
next two days of radiation, the monkey's condition remained unchanged -
complete stoppage - at which time the radiation was terminated, Three
days later (without radiation) the monkey returned to normal operation
in his ;rork functions. For five additional days (without radiation)
the monkey maintained a normal work pattern. Radiation was turned on
after this period and after eight days of slowdown in work
functions was again recorded, On the lOth day of radiation, complete
sto9page occurred. The stoppage continued for the next three days at
;rhich time radiation was terminated. The next two days of recordings,
up to 15 December 1966, reveal the monkey had not returned to normal,
At all times when the monkey ceased to respond, the measured deep
core temperature dropped 1.2 to 1.5F from normal ;rith a delay of 30
to 60 minutes. It stayed at this level for the remainder of the 10 hr/
day. This data and direct observations on a TV monitor strongly suggest
the monkey was in deep sleep. Detailed results of tests contained in Ref 1.
III. STATUS
Only one monlcey has, so far, been tested. It cannot be stressed
too strongly that, at this time, conclusions as to Hhat may generally be
expected cannot be until at least another monkey has been sub-
jected to the sequence of radiation and environments, and has
shmrn similar effects.
IV. PRESENT ARPA ?ROGRII}!
A. Repeat test on second l>Till be instrumented to
detect various body chan;es.
B. Based on these results, a new design of tests will be con-
structed to determine the gross mechanisms involved in producing the
effect observed.
V. DIPLICATIONS
The central nervous system of one monkey has been affected by low
level microwave radiation. If tests on another monkey display similar
results then:
1. Attention must begiven to initiating a ;<rational Program
to investigate thoroughly these effects, since only isolated investiga-
tions have heretofore been carried on in the U.S. By contrast, the USSR
" ..
'
E. s G rl tV
has had an intensive national program in this area for more than 10 years.
2. The u.s. microwave radiation safety should be
examined and overhauled to take account of the non-thermal damage poten-
tial.
). The potential of
behavior by low level micro<ave
degree on human
""""' , .. ," b\:rT"' inre'"'"""'
'.t .tl .. l
chard s. vesaro
Deputy Director
Advanced Sensors
Lim! Led nos aw."
E23
.
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Uni..,.raity
LAaORATORY
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE FOR
PROJECT PANDORA MICROWAVE
TEST FACILITY
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Prepared by
E. V. Byron
October 1966
ABSTRACT
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
This report describes the operational procedure for the Project
Pandora microwave test facility. It is intended primarily for non-
microwave oriented technical personnel to enable them to operate the
facilitywith a minimum ~ training. Included is the Turn-On, Turn-
Off Procedure, the procedure for measuring transmitted power and power
density, and a description of the power monitors.
- i-
')
Section
I.
II.
Ill.
IV.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Introduction
Equipment Operadon
A. .PreliminaryTurn-On Procedure
B. Operational Turn-On Procedure
c. Turn-Off Procedure
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
1
1
2
3
4
Procedure for Selecting Horn Sections, and Power 5
for Desired Power Density
A. Design Frequency Range for. 5
"Expandable Conical Horn
B. Horn Section for a Reduced Quiet.Zone 6
Microwave Power Monitor 7
A. Monitor No. 1 7
B. Monitor No. 2 and Alternate Monitor No. 1 8
- ii-
, I. '
Figure No.
l
2
3
4
5
6
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Title
---
Pandora Microwave Equipment Racks
Pandora Microwave Equipment - Functional
Block Diagram
Power Density per Watt Transmitted for
Each Horn Section
High PO)Oer Monitor - Meter Reading
. versus Transmitted Power
Received Power Density-Monitor Channel
Number l
Table of Horn Section Aperture Diameter
-iii-
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
9
10
ll
12
l3
14
:.
I. INTRODUCTION
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page l
This report describes the operational procedure for the
Project Pando.ra microwave test facility. It is intended pri-
marily for non-microwave oriented technical personnel, to
enable them to operate the facility with a minimum of training.
Section II of this report delcneates the basic turn-on, turn-off
procedure for the equipment. Section III describes the procedure
for determining which of the "add-on" sections of the expandable
conical horn to use, and the power requirements for a desired
power density . Section.IV describes the power monitors in the
microwave anechoic chamber.
The microwave equipment for Project Pandora is assembled in
the four equipment racks illustrated in figure l. Rack No. l
contains the Spectrum Analyzer R.F. and Display sections. Rack
No. 2 Contains the auxiliary low-power microwave generation and
modulation equipment. The equipment in this rack is not inter-
connected (nor is the spectrum analyzer). Rack No. 3 contains
the primary low power microwave generation and modulation equip-
ment, and the necessary monitoring and recording equipment. Rack
No. 4 contains the high power microwave amplifier and power sup-
plies. The interconnection of these two racks, with the "expandable
horn" transmitting antenna in the anechoic chamber, is shown in
figure 2 which is a functional block diagram of the microwave sys-
tern.
II. EQUIPMENT OPERATION
The following instructions pertain to the operation of the
equipment assembled in equipment racks 3 and 4 with reference to
figures l and 2.
Note: For operation of the v r i o ~ s individual pieces of
equipment, refer to the manufacturers' operation
manuals which are available at the test facility.
' ' ;., ' .,t
A.
if MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 2
Preliminary TUrn On Procedure

Connect the.proper transmitting horn section for
the required frequency
in Section III of this
as outlined
l. Equipment'Rack Number 4
a. TUrn on water supply. Pressure should be between
I
15 and 50 psi.
b. Turn on low voltage A.C. power supply. Set Heater
Voltage to 6.3 volts.
c. TUrn onD.C. power supply (solenoid power). Set
to 33 volts.
Note: Under no circumstances should the solenoid
be op7rated without water cooling or perma-
nent damage will result. If the over current
light is energized, the door interlock is
open or there is insufficient water pressure
or solenoid current.
d. Set the Cathode Voltage switch on the high voltage
power supply to the Burn-in position and turn on the
high voltage.
Note: There is a 3 minute delay before the high
voltage comes on. Allow 15 minutes warm-up.
2. Number 3
a. Turn on A.C. power to rack number 3.
b. Turn the Grid Control on the Alfred 5-6868, 10 watt
TWT amplifier to -250 volts. Turn Helix Control
completely CCW.
c. Turn HP692C Sweep Oscillator to Standby position.
d. Turn on power to all equipment, allow 15 minute
warm-up.
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 3
e. Zero all HP431C power meters. For maximum ac-
curacy, the power meters should be "re-zeroed"
periodically. Refer to the HP431C instruction
manual.
f. Turn Sweep Oscillator Output Attenuator and TWT
Output Attenuator completely CW (max. attenuation).
g. Set HP692C to desired frequency and connect for
desired modulation.
~
Refer to the instruction manuals of the HP692,
HP8403A, and the HP3300A for the possible
modulation options and their settings. If
the auxiliary low power R.F. generation and
modulation equipment is to be used, refer to
the appropriate instruction manuals for pos-
sible interconnections and operating instruc-
tions.
h. Turn HP692C to Operate position.
B. Operational Turn On Procedure
1. Equipment Rack Number 4
a. Set Cathode Voltage switch to the . l/3.3KV position
and observe high voltage and current meters.
Note: Do not allow high voltage to exceed 3250
valts and the current to exceed 560 rna.
b. If necessary, adjust high voltage screwdrive adjust-
ment for high voltage meter reading of 3250 volts.
DO NOT EXCEED 560 MA. CURRENT.
2. Equipment Rack Number 3
a. Turn Helix Control on Alfred 5-6868 TWT completely CW.
b. Turn Grid Control on Alfred 5-6868 TWT completely CW.
. 4 ,iL '
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 4
c. Adjust Sweep Oscillator Output Attenuator for
maximum power output as observed on TWT Monitor
Power Meter. Lock in position.
d. Adjust TWT Output Attenuator for the required
transmitted power as observed on the TWT Monitor
Power Meter. Ltck in position.
Note: The transmitted power required for a desired
power density can be determined from figure 3
and Section III of this procedure.
The transmitted power can be determined from
the meter reading and figure 4; (High Power
Monitor, - Meter Reading vs. Output Power).
DO NOT EXCEED 250 WATTS TRANSMITTED POWER FOR
EXTENDED PERIODS OF TIME WITH THE INITIAL TUBE
SUPPLIED.
e. Set the monitor switches on the monitor switct panel
to connect the desired function to be monitored to
the strip chart recorder. The normal setting of these
switches is TWT Monitor to the recorder channel No. 2,
and Monitor Channel No. 1 to recorder channel No. 1.
f. Connect "Available Inputs" to the scope or the HP415
as required.
C. Turn Off Procedure
l. Eguipment Rack Number 3
a. Turn 10 W TWT Output Attenuator max. CW (max.
attenuation).
b. Turn Sweep Oscillator Output Attenuator max. CW.
c. Turn Grid Control on Alfred 5-6868 10 Watt TWT to
-250 volts. Turn Helix Control completely CCW.
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 5
d.
) '
f (
Turn HP692C Sweep Oscillator to Standby position.
. e.
Rack power may now be turned off .
' '
2. Equipment Rack Number 4
a. Set the Cathode Voltage switch on high voltage
power supply to Burn-in position.
b. Turn off high voltage/
'
c. Turn off low voltage A.C. power supply.
d. Turn off D.C. power supply.
e. Turn off water supply.
III. PROCEDURE FOR SELECTING HORN SECTION AND OUTPUT POWER FOR DESIRED
POWER DENSITY
A. Design Frequency Range for "Expandable" Conical Horn
The microwave facility was designed such that a suitable
quiet zone- minimum dimension, 3' wide by 2' high by 1' deep
for two "test samples" side by side - would be illuminated
uniformly a + l.Odb power variation in the quiet zone was
the design goal. The quiet zone, as discussed in this report,
starts at a transmission length of 23.0 feet and is symmetric
about the chambers horizontal and vertical axis. These quiet
zone dimensions, therefore, set the beamwidth characteristics
of the transmitting horn; and a conical transmitting horn with
"add-on" section was designed to give maximum gain with the
required beamwidth over the S-Band frequency range. Under
these conditions, figure 3 shows the "design frequency range"
for the appropriate sections (D
1
through D
6
). This figure is
a plot of power density (in rnw/cm
2
) per watt transmitted - Pd/W -
versus frequency, for each of the horn sections. It can be seen
-2 2
that, for the design frequency ranges, Pd/W is 1.6xl0 mw/cm + 10%.
watt
~ - '.. .
MRT-4-045
QM- 66-071
Page 6
Thus, for 250
quiet zone is
watts transmitted,
2 .
4.0 mw/cm ~ 10%.
the power density in the
1. To determine specifically the transmitted power required
for a desired power density (at a given frequency in the
design range):
a. Determine Pd/W {or the known frequency and horn
section from figure 3.
b. Solve:
c. Example:
Pd/W x Power = Power density
Power density
Pd/W
Power =
2
At 3.0 GHz, a power density of 2mw/cm
is required. (Horn Section D
4
)
Pd/W =
-2
1.58xl0 from figure 4.
Power
2
- -2
1. 58xl0
126 watts
2. To determine.power density from a known transmitted power:
a. Determine Pd/W for the known frequency and horn
section from figure 3.
b.
c.
Solve: Power density = Pd/W xPower
Example: At 3.5 GHz, 200 watts are transmitted (Horn
Section D
2
).
Pd/W =
-2
1.56xl0 from figure 3.
. -2 2
Power density= 1.56xl0 x200 = 3.13 mw/cm
B. Horn Section for a Reduced Quiet Zone
To increase the versatility of the test facility, additional
11
add-on" horn sections were designed to uniformally illuminate suc-
cessively smaller quiet zone volumes with increased gain. The
determination of the quiet zone volume is dependent upon the beam-
width of the va.rious sections and is beyond the scope of this re-
port. Suffice it to say that, at the upper end of the frequency
band (3.95 GHz) horn section D
10
will essentially illuminate uni-
....... , .
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 7
formly a quiet zone large enough for a single test sample -
1.5'W x l'H x l'D. At this frequency, n
10
gives the maximum
power density obtainable for the system. As the frequency is
decreased, horn section n
10
will uniformally illuminate a
proportionately larger volume with reduced gain.
1. The power required for a desired power density can be
determined as in Al ~ h o v e
a. Example:
2
10 mw/cm power density is desired at
3.95 GHz (Horn Section D
10
)
Power =
Power Density
Pd/W
. Pd/W
=- 3.83x 10-
2
from figure 3
Power =
10
-3 260
3.83 x 10 = watts
IV. MICRa-lAVE POWER MONITORS
In addition to the high power TWT monitor, there are 3 power
monitors in the anechoic chamber. Two of these, Monitor #1, a
standard gain horn, and Monitor #2, a sleeve dipole, are connected
to the. HP431C power meters in rack number 3. These two monitors
may be switched to the Mosley 7100B strip-chart recorder (see figure 2),
The third monitor, alternate monitor number 1, is a sleeve dipole and
has an available output as shown in figure 2.
A. Monitor Number 1
Monitor number 1, the standard gain horn, is the primary
"down stream" power density monitor. Power readings on the
Channel No. 1 power.meter can be converted to power density
.!!.!: the point .!. measurement with reference to figure 5.
It must be reemphasized that this monitor, in conjunction
with. figure 5, measures the power density at the point
where the monitor i! placed 1 the chamber, and not the
power density at the center of the quiet zone as determined
in Section III.
... ,.
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 8
B. Monitor Number 2 and Alternate Monitor No. l
These monitors are available to measure relative power
density and for the observation of signal waveforms at any
point in the chamber.
By placing monitor number 2, with its alternate monitor
line connected, at a point of known power density (previously
determined as in Section III or IV A above), and placing alter-
nate monitor number l, at any other point in the chamber; a
gross measurement of power density can be made by observing
the relative readings. Due to the nature of the chamber re-
flections, the power density measured in this manner can be in
error by 2 db; as a "gross" power density measurement
technique, these monitors are useful since they are lightweight
and easily movable.
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QM-66-071
Page 11
Fig.3 POWER DENSITY PER WATT TRANSMITTED FOR
EACH HORN SECTION
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QM-66-071
Page 12
.....
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FREQUENCY (GHzl
TO MEASURE TRANSMITTED PQWER:
ADD CORRECTION TERM TO TWT MONITOR POWER METER READING.
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POWER METER READING : 2.00
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TO SET TRANSMITTED POWER:
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4.4dbrn * 3.0 Mllliwotts/clllz '
TO SET POWER DENSITY:
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CHANNEL N!! t POWER METER.
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POWER DENSITY { Milliwaffs/ cm'J
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FIGURE 6
Horn Section Dimension
Horn Section Diameter (inches)
D1
10.75
D2
11.75
D3
13.00
D4
14.00
Ds
15.25
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16.75
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18.25
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22.25
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24.5
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 14
External Distribution:
P. Tamarkin
R. s. Cesaro/5
H. M. Grove
R. w. Beard
F. Koether
J. Sharp
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 15
Internal Distribution:
R. E. Gibson/2
A. Kossiakoff
A. M. Stone
J. w. Follin/2
J. L. Queen
T. c. Cheston
E. v. Byron
Archives/2
MRT-4 File
MRT-4-045
QM-66-071
Page 16
.-.. H.opl.:in.
Ltttl Ptf'tJJC'$
,'iil""f Sp.;-.1 ....
PROJECT (U)
Final Report
FP BJRrtPir?
32-00. U 11088M\Il@f iil'f'LY
--
...
?
. j '
SCAEI .....
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
DRC-H- 9331- oC ::<.,
Prepared by
Eugene V. Byron
November 1966
1 Johttt u,.;....,.;,..,
LtlD P't4YSJC'I l.AWOAAYOttT
$pti,., M.wyl.nd
IEOitEI
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
ABSTRACT
This is the final report on the Applied Physics Laboratory's
contribution to Project PANDORA - specifically, aid in the implementa-
tion, and the evaluation of a microwave test facility at Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research. An "expandable" conical horn transmitting
antenna, and monitor dipole receiving antennas were designed for use in
the anechoic chamber constructed by Emerson and Cu:>ing, Inc. A mechan-
ical field traversing mechanism was designed and constructed for the
chamber evaluation, the equipment was assembled,
completed facility was thoroughly evaluated. The evaluation
luded the measurement of po<>er variations in the quiet zone with and
without the sample container (with and without the test sample) in the
required position, and the measure!>!ent of the power density in the quiet
zone usir,g the Nicrowave Associates high pC>Jer TWT and the appropriate
transmitting horn sections.
'; .... 'jli'\

,
Th Johns H ~ i r Ul'll-.iry
f'f'I..ID f'l4YIICI LANIIATOT
S<lvwr Sprino, ,_.,IWtd
Section
I
II
A
B
c
D
l
2
3
E
l
2
F
III
A
B
l
2
3
c
D
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
---
INTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE MICROWAVE FACILITY
MICROWAVE ANECHOIC CHAMBER
MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT
TRANSMITTING HORN
POWER MONITORING
Transmitted Power Monitor
Standard Gain Horn Monitor
Monitor Dipole
SELECTION OF TRANSMITTING HORN SECTIONS
Design Frequency Range
Horn Sect ions for Higher Power Densities
DETERMINATION OF POWER DENSITY
EVALUATION: PROCEDURE AND RESULTS
MICROWAVE CHAMBER EVALUATION
EVALUATION OF THE TEST SAMPLE CONTAINER,
THE TEST SAMPLE IN THE CONTAINER
Test Sample Container
Evaluation Procedure
Test Sample
POWER DENSITY MEASUREMENTS
CONCLUSION
Page
1
2
2
3
4
4
4
5
6
6
6
8
8
9
10
AI\'D 13
l3
l3
14
15
16
a
A !ILl
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
,
Tlw Johns Hop&in1
.&PPLI(O "HTSIC. uao.atoY
Sil_.,
f. -
Section
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Title
TRANSMITTING HORN, DESIGN AND TEST RESULTS
SLEEVE DIPOLE ANTENNA
FIELD TRAVERSING MECHANISM
'!r
\tr. ,.I I ;
-iii'-' 1
SEGREI
Al
Bl
Cl
5 5&
MRT-4-046
Q)l- 66-072
,
Thia doeu1JII!ID\ ooat.J118 illfcw-lnatio.. t.bli n.tiou.l !Jl the Unit.e;d Stat. withi.a t.bl m,e-ifll" t.he f:.a:--- Title 11
n.. J'*'" H;m u .. ......,_.;v
\"'I"LU:tJ .-.wYIIC:.. LA'IiOIU.tOn
5il ...... .Mwyt...d
I , LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure No. Title
1 MicrO\vave Anechoic Chamber
2 Microwave Anechoic Chamber - General
Arrangement Drawing
3 Rack Arrangement of Microwave Equipment
4 Pandora Microwave Equipment - Functional
Block Diagram
5 Expandable Conical Horn
6 Absolute Gain of Conical Horn
7 E Plane 3 db Beamwidth of Conical Horn
8 H Plane 3 db Beamwidth of Conical Horn
9 Typical E and H Plane Patterns of Conical Horn
10 High Power TWT Monitor - Meter Reading vs.
Transmitted Power
11 Power Density per \-latt Transmitted for Each
Horn Section
12 Received Power Density, Monitor Channel No. l
13 Monitor Dipoles
Change in Relative Amplitude for Various Fixed
Angles vs. Frequency; Horn Sections Dl to 06
15 Change in Relative Amplitude for Various Fixed
Angles vs. Frequency; Horn Sections D7 to DlO
16 Typical Reflection from Chamber Walls
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
MRT-4-046
Q:-1-66-072
John H.i,...
f",.;,U:O ,.HY.Jta UaOUOIIIY
$il-
I '
Figure No.
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
B1
B2
B3
Cl
C2
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
(continued)
Title
Chambar Evaluation - Frequency - 2.6 GHz 33
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 2.8 GHz 34
Chamber Evaluation- Frequency - 3.0 GHz 35
Chamber Evaluation Frequency 3.25 GHz 36
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 3.25 GHz 37
(with Standard Gain Horn)
Chamber Evaluation - Frequency - 3.45 GHz 38
Chamber Evaluation- Frequency- 3.8 GHz 39
Field Perturbations Due to Sample Container 40
Sleeve Dipole Antenna B2
"Gooseneck" Monitor Dipole B3
VSWR of Dipole Antennas B4
Field Traversing Mechanism C2
Wiring Diagram, Field Traversing Mechanism C3
ef.#lnc n
}lRT-4-046
66-072
Thitl dot'l.lm,tlt .rt"ee\iq the rutiorlal dt:fru. of lb. StaW:I withia fllf'ditll of the Lan, Title 11
V.S.C,. !'03 ud 7if, 'l'b.t 01 of iUI i.e 01' mu!M'f t.n IIU" f>t":"D pn>hibiw-d by ln.
Th
APPI.IE; .. H'tl-tQ LAaOitAfOI'r
sa ...... $pri...g,
I '
Table N<>.
1
2
3
Al
A2
A3
LIST OF TABLES
Title
Quiet Zone Volumes and Power Variations
Summary of Sample Perturbations
Measured versus Calculated Power Densities
Transmitting Horn Dimensions
Measured versus Calculated Gain
Measured versus Ca leu la ted E&H Plane Beamwidths
8EG+4EI
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page
ll
14
15
A3 ,
A4
A5
T1ois doeutDm\ SMltaiN a.ffttt!Uo.t UM u.t.ioO&l .W.u. ot U. Ua!&Pd St&W withia tbt of tM La-. Titt. 11
... ..,,. ---" .... _. --'-'-- -- .... _ __ .z '- ---- ,_ --- ----- - --'---'-1 --- ;. _-J,.; .. : ..... I.-
Th Jok"' HQ9\ifla Unl....,.ll'V
&1'.-Ltlo LAono
sa- l,)ptif11:, M..t'y'-"d
IRCRih
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page l
'
I. INTRODUCTION
This is the final report on the contribution of the Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, to Project PANDORA-
specifically, aid in the implementation and the evaluation of a micro-
wave test facility at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Forest
Glen Section. APL's responsibilities were divided into roughly three
areas: (1) aid in determining the suitability of the microwave equip-
ment to be procured, and the functional assembly of this equipment (2)
the design and fabrication of necessary specialized equipment, - trans-
mitting horn, monitoring dipole antennas, a field traversing mechanism,
,
etc., and (3) the evaluation of the microwave anechoic chamber, the
calibration of the measurement equipment, and the test of the completed
facility. The test and evaluation of the completed facility included
the measurement of the pm>er variations in the quiet zone of the anechoic
chamber with and without the sample container (with and without the test
le) in the required position, and the measurement of the power den-
the quiet zone.
In addition, a familiarization session was conducted for Army
(l)
personnel scheduled to operate the facility. A companion report
scribes the operational procedure, the procedure for' determining the
power requirements and which "add-on" section of the expandable conical
horn to use for a desired power density, and a description of the moni-
toring equipment.
The commerically available microwave equipment was specified
and purchased by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory (AFAL), Wright-Patterson
AFB, Columbus, Ohio - the program managers. The microwave anechoic chamber
was designed and constructed by Emerson and Cuming, Inc., Canton, Mass.
The high power microwave traveling wave tube was designed and built by
Microwave Associates, Burlington, Yith the associated power supplies
furnished by Alto Scientific, Inc., Palo Alto, California.
(l)
"Operational Procedure for Project PANDORA Hicrowave Test Facility"
APL/.TiiU Report MRT-4-045; (QN-66-071) dated October 1966 (U)
,. Johro Hopki"'
LIID ,.HYIIC. LABOIIATOIIY
Silv:n St: ...
I ,
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE MICROWAVE FACILITY
WHR4Z
MRT-4-046
QM- 66-072
Page 2
The microwave test facility implemented at Walter Reed con-
sists of a microwave anechoic chamber, an expandable conical transmit-
ting horn attached to one end wall of the chamber, and the microwave
control and monitoring equipment installed in four equipment racks
which are housed in the control room adjacent to the transmission end
of the chamber. Also, a standard gain horn power monitor, and two
sleeve dipole monitoring antennas are installed in the microwave chamber.
The facility was designed to operate at 5-Band, with conver-
sion potential through X-Band, such that a suitable quiet zone - minimum
dimensions, 3' wide x 2' high x l' deep, for two test samples side by
side - would be illuminated uniformly; a power density of 2 mw/cm
2
! 1.0 db
over the frequency band was the design goal, with a potential for a power
density of 10 mw/cm
2
over a reduced volume and a' fixed frequency.
MICROWAVE ANECHOIC CHAMBER
The microwave anechoic chamber (Eccosorb Anechoic Chamber No.
650) is approximately 15' wide by 15' high by 35' long. The proposed
four foot cubic quiet zone is symmetric about a point 25 feet from the
transmitting end wall, and equidistant between the floor, ceiling and
side walls. Figure 1 is a photograph of the chamber; figure 2 is the
general arrangement drawing, and also. shows the mounting detail for the
transmitting horn.
The design requirements for the chamber specified that the power
variations should not exceed .25 db superimposed on the transmitted gain
"droop" measured in the quiet zone.with an absorber backed dipole over the
frequency band of interest. As noted in Section III of this report,
these values "Were not realized, and power "amplitude ripples" as great as
! 1.0 db were observed. The chamber evaluation showed that for the minimum
quiet zone dimensions- 3' wide x 2' high x 1' deep, -power variations of
~ John$ Hoplcii'IS Uni......,ity
APP'liiD P'H'UIU LA8011ATOT
Sil_;. ~
~
+ 1.75 db were possible over the S-Band frequency range.
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 3
When a s ta.n-
dard gain horn was used as the field probe instead of the absorber backed
dipole, considerable improvement was observed; amplitude ripples were less
than i 0.25.db. This is discussed further in Section III.
B. MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT
The microwave equipment is assembled in the four racks shown in
figure 3. Equipment rack number on contains the Spectrum Analyzer R. F.
and Display sections. Rack number two contains the auxiliary low.power
. ,
microwave generation and modulation equipment, and some an:illary equip-
'
ment, in addition to the control panel for the field traversing mechanism.
Rack number three contains the primary low-power micrm;ave generation and
modulation equipment, and the necessary monitoring and recording equip-
ment. Rack number four contains the high power microwave amplifier and
associated power supplies and R. F. power monitors.
The equipment in rack number two is not interconnected (nor is
spectrum analyzer). The interconnection of racks number three and four
with the expandable conical horn is shown in figure 4 which is a functional
block diagram of the microwave system. Also shown in this figure are the
''downstream" power monitors in the anechoic chamber.
All of the equipment aasembled in racks number two and three are
commercial "off the shelf" units (traveling mechanism control panel ex-
cepted) and constitutes the best and most versatile, in terma of possible
R. F. modulations, microwave equipment available. This was particularly
necessitated by the unknown nature of the desired signal for an experimental
facility. These units were specified and purchased by the program managers
(AFAL). Compatability and suitability of this equipment was monitored by
APL and the equipment was functionally assembled and tested at APL and de-
livered as a unit to Walter Reed.
The high power microwave amplification equipment in rack four
was purchased under separate contract (from AFAL) to Microwave Associates
and was delivered as a unit.
Th JGh,.. Ul'llWUlly
A"I'Lil"D '.MYIIUC* U81HtATOIIfY
sa ..... . .M..rtt...O
ti!SEi!iiiit4t
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 4
TRANSMITTING
The transmitting horn characteristics were dictated by the
dimensions of the quiet zone to be uniformly illuminated. This de-
sign rationale and the test results are discussed in Appendix A of this
report. In order to provide a constant gain and beamwidth over the de-
sired frequency band, "add-on" sections were provided as depicted in
figure 5.
The first section of this "expandable" conical horn incor-
porates a rectangular to circular transition obviating the need for a
separate rectangular to circular waveguide transition.
Gain measurements and antenna patterns were taken for each
horn section at the center, and at the low and high ends of the S-Band
frequency range. The results of these measurements are summarized in
figures 6, 7, 8, and 9. Figure 6 shows the absolute gain of each of
the sections across the frequency band. Also shown, is the design fre-
range for each section. Figures 7 and 8 show the E and H plane
beamwidth respectively, and figure 9 is a typical E and H plane
pattern (section D3) in its design frequency range.
D. POWER MONITORING
,
One of the prime requirements for the microwave test facility
was the ability to accurately determine the power density in the quiet
zone of the anechoic chamber and to observe the transmitted signal, within
the limits afforded by commercially available test equipment.
Three monitoring channels were incorporated in the system, and
several outputs are available for observing signal wave form,
either on an oscilloscope (detected outputs), or directly on the spectrum
analyzer (see figure 4).
1. Transmitted Power Monitor
To measure the transmitted power, two coaxial directional couplers
and a thermistor mount were installed in the high power equipment rack (fig-
4). The thermistor output is connected to the HP 431C power meter in
number three. The loss in this coupled transmission path was measured
dJ.iJiti
ecartah atreet;iA( thlr D.atkto.t.t dfa. ol tbt Unit.d St..w. hhia md.Ai:61' of &ploll.aC'* Lllq, Tht. n
(t.S.C.,. aDd 1M. 'ft. l.nu:wrll;,.iOD, ilr tll. NVfllatio& (J# tt .. moleat.l iD &0)' ma&Mr to Ul J)ef'lOfl WI pf'Obibii.Pd, by !a"W,
Th4 Johl'lt Hopki,.,, uft;..,.,,;t'f
"HYtiC' U1108ATOJIIY
......... 1...-od
I ,
over the S-Band frequency range.
fWARII't
NRT-4-041>
QM-66-072
Page 5
The resultant calibration was incor-
porated with the measured loss of the output cable and the waveguide to
coax adapter on the horn, to plot the transmitted power curve
shown in figure 10. This curve is a plot of corrected power meter reading
versus transmitted power, Included in this figure is the legend for deter-
minin& transmitted power from the corrected meter reading, and conversely,
the method for setting the transmit.-ed power by observing the meter reading.
This figure in conjunction with figure ll (Power Density per Watt Trans-
mitted for Each Horn Section) can be used to determine the on boresight
power density in the quiet zone. This is explained in greater detail in,
section II E.
2. Standard Gain Horn Monitor
The standard gain horn monitor (monitor number 1 in figure 4),
the primary "downstream" power density monitor. The gain deviation ver-
frequency curve of the standard gain horn, and the measured loss of the
connecting cable and waveguide to coaxial adapter were incorporated into
one frequency correction curve, shown in figure 12. This figure is a plot
of the power density as a function of the corrected power meter reading.
The power density thus measured is the power density at the position where
the standard gain horn is placed in the chamber, and not the on boresight
power density alluded to in the section above. It is possible to measure
the po,.er density in the anechoic chamber directly, only if the horn moni-
tor can be physically placed at the desired position without interfering
with the experiment in progress. If this is not possible, then the power
density can be determined by extrapolating the measured power density, to
the power density at any other position in the quiet zone by using the
known gain-beamwidth characteristics of the transmitting horn section. In
a similar fashion, the on boresight power density determined from the meas-
ured transmitted power can be extrapolated to any point in the quiet zone.
The determination of power density for other than on boresight (and meas-
ed) conditions is discussed in Section II F.
n . John, Mopk>"" l,fftivwsity
\Pf'LitD "H'Y'IIUC:t UH.,t,TOJI:T
!j,;l- MMyt.....O

3. Monitor Dipoles
6FGRi
1
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 6
ln addition to the standard gain horn monitor, two sleeve di-
pole monitors are available in the chamber for the observation of signal
waveforms. These dipole monitors are shown in figure 13. The design
dimensions and the measured results are discussed in Appendix B.
It was originally intended that these dipoles would be cali-
brated and used to measure, the abso": ute power density at any position in
the chamber. Unfortunately, the rather large amplitude ripples caused by
the reflections from the chamber walls, precluded this possibility. (The
standard gain horn integrates the ripples over its considerably larger
area and, consequently, was substituted as the prime power density monitor.)
However, since the dipoles are light-weight and easily movable, they were
retained for signal waveform observation, and for the "gross measure" of
power density. Since the two monitors have identical characteristics, by
one at a region of known power density, placing the other at
position, the power density at any position can be determined.
This is a "gross measurement" because the amplitude ripples can cause an
error as great as 2.0 db.
E. SELECTION OF TRANSMITTING HORN SECTIONS
As stated previously, the microwave facility was designed such
that a suitable quiet zone- minimum dimensions, 3
1
wide by 2
1
high by 1'
deep for two test samples side by side - would be uniformly illuminated;
a i 1.0 db power variation in the quiet zone was the design goal. The quiet
zone starts at a transmission length of 23.0' and is symmetric about the
chamber horizontal and vertical axis.
1. Design Frequency Range
As discussed in Appendix A, the quiet zone dimensions set the
beamwidth characteristics of the transmitting horn; and a conical trans-
mitting horn with "add-on" sections was designed to give maximum gain with
required beamwidth over the S-Band frequency range. Under these condi-
' figure 11 shows the "design frequency nnge" for the appropriate
...
UGM!II
ThO iiiiJ()ffll.t.Lioa ..tf.eotiq tbe JUtloa&! o( tbot Uoit.ed St&W. wlthiA th. mn.eJq ol the u .... Tid !I
n 1:1:"" a _ _.,__.,..., __ ... -._ "''- - _ ... t ...1 .. _.,, ... h 1 .. .... ___ ..._. - .,.,. .,.,..,.,n, ..t..- ---- .,., t. .. h.-
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 7
sections (Dl through D6). This figure is a plot of power density (in mw/cm
2
)
per watt transmitted - Pd/W - versus frequency for each of the horn sections
at a transmission length of 23.0 feet. These curves are obtained by plotting
the expression:
p
1 r
X
=
A
PT
r
where
GT
is the measured
and R = 23.0 feet is the
GT
Pd
4nR"
"'
w
gain of e ~ h
transmission
as a function of frequency,
of the transmitting horn sections,
length. Thus pr 1 is the
A
r
X
power density per watt transmitted when PT is the transmitted power.
It can be seen from figure 11 that, for the design frequency
E
ranges, Pd/W is 1.6 x 10-
rm;/cm2 + 10%.
tvatt -
For 250 watts of transmitted
- the recommended upper limit for continuous operation of the high
TWT - the power density is 4.0 rm;/cm
2
10%, which adequately meets
the design goal of 2 mw/c,j in the quiet zone.
Neglecting reflections in the chamber, the power.density vari-
ation for angles off boresight is dependent upon the transmitting horn sec-
tion used (the gain), the frequency, the angle, and the transmission length.
The change in relative amplitude versus frequency for angles of 2, 4, and 6
degrees for each of the horn sections is shown in figures 14 and 15. The
change in relative amplitude is defined as the maximum relative power ampli-
tude at a designated frequency (the gain at boresight), minus the relative
amplitude at the off boresight angle indicated, at the same frequency. The
curves were obtained from the measured antenna patterns. Thus, the curves
in figures 14 and 15 show the change in power density, for a fixed trans-
mitted power and transmission length, at the angles indicated for each of
the horn sections. For the minimum quiet zone dimensions, starting at a
transmission length of 23', the maximum off boresight angle, in the H plane
(vertical polarization) is:
H
= +
1
tan 1.5
23
= 3.75, and in theE plane 8E =
1
+ tan 1
23
0
= + 2.5 .
n.. Johro1 J;opilil'l tiMwnity
'P'liED I'H'ftle.t V.eOaATOirl
s;1....,. S.;.ril'lg,
4
'
JECitt I a
MRT-4-046
QN-66-072
Page B
It can be seen from figure 14 that in the design frequency range, the
maximum change in relative amplitude is 0.75 db, which occurs for horn
section Dl at frequency 4.0 GHz, (H plane, 4 degrees). Adding another
0.4 db due to the change in transmission length in the quiet zone (one
foot deep), the total change in relative amplitude, and hence the change
in power density for a fixed power transmitted, is 1.15 z .6 db)
which is well within the z 1.0 db goal set for the quiet zone.
' ' ...w 0 - 0
For a quiet zone 4' wide x 3' high x 1 deep (9H= 5 , eE= z 4.0 ),
the power density would be within 1.0 db (neglecting reflections). This
was borne out by the chamber evaluation discussed in Section III.
2. Horn Sections for Higher Power Densities
To increase the versatility of the facility, additional "add-on"
horn sections were designed to uniformly illuminate successively smaller
quiet zone volumes with increased gain. Thus, at the upper end of the fre-
band (3.95 GHz) horn section DlO will illuminate uniformly .5 db)
enough for a single test sample - 1.5'
1' deep. This can be determined from figure 15 where for
wide x 1
1
high x
0
DlO and 6H= ! 2 ,
0
e = + 1 , t:.A = .5 db.
E -
At this frequency, DlO gives the maximum power den-
sity obtainable for the system, From figure 11, for horn section DlO at
3. 95 GHz, Pd/W = 3. 83 x 10-
2
and the power required for a power density of
10 mw/cm
2
is: 260 watts which is obtainable from the high
power TWT in the system.
F. DETERMINATION OF POWER DENSITY
As discussed in Section II D, the power density can be determined
by direct measurement using the standard gain horn monitor and figure 12, if
the monitor can be physically placed at the desired position, The on bore-
sight power density can also be dete.rroined from the measured transmitted
power and figure 11. From the discussion in Section E above, it can be seen
that this value will be correct to better than+ 1.0 db for any point in the
iet zone in the design ranges.
'-.. Johns Hopllirtt Uninity
LI[O PHYSICS L.A8011tATOilY

'
Page
In using the larger section to illuminate the 3' wide by
2' high by 1' deep quiet zone, the power density at any position can
be determined from the on boresight power density/watt transmitted
curve (figure 11), and the 6A curves given in figures 14 and 15.
As an example, for horn section DlO with 200 watts trans-
mitted at 3.95 GHz, the power density at boresight is Pd Pd/W x
a
power transmitted. Pd/W = 3.83 x 10- from figure 11, therefore,
. l
Pd 7. 66 mw/cm
2
At the edge of the 3' quiet zone, BH tan- 1.5/23
0
+ 3. 75 . Interpolating from figure 15 for DlO, BH 3. 75; 6A is ap-
proximately - 2.25 db 60% of the maximum amplitude, and the power ,
density is approximately 7.66 x 60% 4.56 mw/cm
2
at the quiet zone edge.
In a similar manner, the on boresight power density can be
determined from the measured power density at any point in the quiet
zone. Actual values measured during a preliminary experiment are used
s an example. The standard gain horn monitor was placed 2.5' off bore-
ight in azimuth, and its meter reading was 2.4 dbm. From figure 12, at
3.2 GHz (the transmitted frequency) the frequency correction term is 2.2
db. Thus, the corrected meter reading is+ 2.4 dbm + 2.2 4.6 dbm,
which (from figure 12) corresponds to a power density of 3.1 mw/cm
2
at
the point of The monitor horn position gives a BH tan
0 0
2.5/23 ,:!: 6.1 , and from figure 14 for BH 6 and horn section D6
(the horn section used) 6A 1.9 65%. Therefore, the on boresight
power density is 3.1 mw/cm
2
x
6
!'1. 4. 78 mw/cm
2
For this experiment,
the measured transmitted power (210 watts) .gives an on boresight power
density of 4.72 mw/cm
2
(from figure 11) which is in good agreement with
the above calculated value (4.78 mw/cnf).
III. EVALUATION: PROCEDURE AND RESULTS
1
The evaluation of the microwave test facility was divided in three
phases: (1) the evaluation of the reflection from the walls and ceiling of the
'"* a.
I
6 .. -
Th JohN UAiwni'Y
A,f'l"l.lt1) LA.O.ATDaT
'!I lSI IE I
............
"
MRt-4-046
Q.'!-66-072
Page 10
empty microwave chamber as measured with an absorber backed dipole and
a standard gain horn, (2) the measurement of the reflections from a
single sample container (both occupied and unoccupied) in the quiet zone
and (3) measurement of the power density in the chamber using the high
power source and the various horn sections.
A. MICROWAVE CHAMBER EVALUATION
Theresults of the of the microwave anechoic chamber
are summarized in Table I. It can be seen from this tabulation, that for
the required minimum quiet zone dimensions - 3' Wide x 2' High x 1' Deep -
>
a total power variation 1,75 db is possible over the frequency band of
interest. At selected frequencies, adequate quiet zones with ! 1.25 db
variations are possible. The measurements, performed with an absorber backed
dipole, indicate that the power va:ciations are primarily due to "amplitude
caused by reflections from the chamber walls. Maximum ripples as
as i 1.0 db were observed. Figure 16 is a typical example of the
power variation due to reflections. This data is for a 25' transmission
length at F c 3.25 GHz.
The values obtained with a standard gain horn at 3.25 GHz (gain c
16.5 db) are also shown in Table I, (from figure 21) as an example of the
optimistic conclusions resulting from the use of a large area receiving
antenna. The horn integrates the reflected ripples over a .receiving area
considerably larger than that Qf the dipole. Maximum ripples as observed
with the standard gain horn were less than+ 0.25 db.
The chamber was evaluated by taking horizontal cuts, through the 4
foot cubic quiet zone which is centered equidistant between the side walls,
and the floor and ceiling; a distance 25.0' from the transmitting end wall.
The horizontal cuts 2.0
1
from this quiet zone center, were taken
at elevation increments 1,0', 1.5', 2.0' for each transmission
length increment of 1.0', 1.5', and 1 2.0' from the 25.0' center point.
these measurements were repeated at each of the six different frequencies in
design range of each of the horn sections. Relative power as a function
horizontal distance was recorded on an X-Y recorder, equipped with a roll
chart adapter, for each of the measurement increments.
TABLE I
MKI- 4- U'<t> l'age ll
TM J.t>N-J HQp .. il'l'
APPL.l[O i"N'f&ICt UIOltATO.Y
SiiY111" Sprir-o, M.tryl..-.d
Quiet Zone Volumes and Power Variations
aUI
6GHz
D6)
8GHz
D5)
OGHZ
D4)
D3)
25GHz
,D3)
.rd Gain
>rn
45GHz
;nz)
.8GHz
;nl)
= Width
, "! '
+1. Odb
None
2
1
Wx3 'Hxl 'D
3'Wx2'Hx.\;
1
D
3 'Wx2
1
Hxl'D
4'Wx3
1
Hxl 'D
3'Wx2'Hx2
None
2 'Wx2'Hx:\;
1
D
H = Height
lume Dimens
+1. 25db
None
ons for PoJe. Variations o,L:
;tl.Sdb ;tl. 7Sdb ;t2.0db
2 'Wx2 'Hx3'D 14 'Wx3 'Hxl'D 4'Wx4'Hxl'D
I3'Wx3'Hx3'D 4
1
Wx3'Hx2'D

3'Wx4'Hx2'D
4
1
Wx3'Hxl'D 4
1
Wx3'Hx2'D 4'Wx3'Hx3
1
D 4'Wx4'Hx4'D
3
1
Wx2
1
Hx2
1
D 3'Wx4'Hxl'D
3'Wx3'Hx4'D
2 'Wx4 'Hx\'D 2'Wx4'Hx2'D 2'lx4'Hx4'D
4'Wx2'Hxl'D 4'Wx3'Hxl
1
D 4'Wx3'Hx2'D 4'Wx4
1
Hxl'D
3'W' 3 'Hxl'D 3 'Wx3' Hx2 'D 3 'Wx4
1
Hx3.\;'D 3 'Wx4 'Hx4 'D
3'Wx2
1
Hx3'D 3'Wx2'Hx4'D 3'Wx3'Hx4'D
2'Wx4' Hx2 'D
4'Wx2'Hx2'D 4'Wx3'Hxl'D 4'Wx4'Hxl'D 4'Wx4'Hx2'D
4'Wx2'Hx3'D 4
1
vix3'Hx3'D 4'Wx3
1
Hx4'D
4'Wx2'Hx4'D 3'Wx4'Hx3'D
3'Wx3
1
Hx4
1
D
4'Wx4'Hxl'D
4'Wx3'Hx3'D
Many others
None
Great many 4'Wx4'Hx4
1
D
options
2'Wx4'Hxl'D 3'Wx4'Hxl'D 4'Wx4'Hx2'D
2
1
Wx2'Hx2'D 4'Wx2'Hx3'D
'Hx2 'D 3'Hx3 'Hx4 'D
2'Wx3'Hx4'D
4'Wx2'Hxl'D 4
1
Wx4'Hx.\;'D 4'Wx4'Hx4'D
2'Wx3'Hx2'D 3'Wx2'Hx3'D 4'Wx3'Hx4'D
2'Wx3'Hx4
1
D
D = Depth
::.,:t2.25db
4'Wx4'Hx4'D
(2.75db)
4'Wx4'Hx4'D
(2.5db)
4'Wx4'Hx4'D
(2.25db)
4'Wx4'Hx4'D
(2.25db)
All quiet zone volumes start at a transmission length of 23 feet and are
symmetric about the chamber width and height center points.
(2) Underlined are the volumes with minimum variations whose dimensions are
::.minimum required values (3'Wx2'Hxl'D)
_. .
'tam
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 13
of missing "worst point" cases, it is felt that the very large number of
data points measured represents a good statistical sampling, and the con-
clusions summarized in Table I are of the chamber behavior.
B. EVALUATION OF TEST SAMPLE CONTAINER AND TEST SAMPLE IN THE CONTAINER
1. .Test Sample Container
Tests were conducted with a single test sample container in the
quiet zone. For the container no microwave absorbing liner, fairly
large amplitude ripples resulted (greater than 5.0 db). With the container
almost completely lined with a microwave absorber (the "radiation window" ex-
'
cepted), these variations are reduced to approximately 3.5 db. Removing
the plexiglass back that was on the container (the container is irradiated
from the back) and replacing it with a thin plexiglass back (1/16" thick)
further reduced these variations to approximately 2.5 db. By absorber
certain braces that are within the radiation window (and cannot be
the perturbations are reduced still further, to approximately
+ 2.0 db, however, portions of the radiation window are blocked. In any
event, the test sample in the container perturbs the field .in some different
manner and the question arises as to what constitutes a valid set of measure-
ments: the sample and container immersed into an unperturbed field, or the
sample placed in an unperturbed field within the container (if this were
possible). In either case (the test sample and container, or the sample
alone), complex multiple reflections result.
Con5ideration should be given to the possibility of constructing
a suitably lossy microwave container with a radiation window of the desired
dimensions.
2. Evaluation Procedure
The evaluation of the test sample container in the microwave cham-
ber was performed by mounting the container in the center of the four foot
cubic quiet zone (at a transmission length of 25.0 feet) on the horizontal
versing mechanism. A monitor dipole was placed at a transmission length
23.0' on the horizontal and vertical center point. Received power was re-
corded as a function of the"horizontal traverse of the container in the quiet
n,, John, He>pkim U,;_r.ity
APPLIED P'HTBIU L.A80111ATOIIY
sa ..... SP'i"V.

MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 14
zone. The dipole was then moved toward the container in 3-inch increments
and the measurement repeated. This procedure was repeated for several dif-
ferent elevations of the monitor dipole and several different frequencies.
The test sample container was moved behind the dipole monitor, rather than
the monitoi being moved in front of the container, because, in the latter
case, the traversing mechanism would
11
shadow
11
the container. Typical re-
sults of the container evaluation are shown in figure 24.
To mount the container at the proper elevation level, the travers-
ing mechanism was fitted with an absorber pedestal, upon which the container
was placed. The pedestal by itself (and the traversing mechanism) was evalu-
,
ated as described above with negligible perturbations of the R. F. field re-
sulting.
3. Test Sample
The evaluation of a single test sample in the test sample container
was performed in a manner identical to the procedure described above. Results
of these tests show that the sample in the container doesnot greatly increase
the magnitude of the field perturbations over those observed for the container
alone - + 2.88 db versus + 2.63 for the two cases respectively - however, the
phase of the reflections is changed such that where a maximum was obeerved
without the test sample, a minimum might now exist. Table II, below, is a
summary of the evaluation of the test sample and the test sample container.
A.
B.
c.
TABLE II
Summary of Sample Container and Sample-in-Container Measurements
Test Condition
Sample Container Alone
Absorber Lined Container (3/8' plexiglass back)
" " "
(no back)
" " "
(1/16"
Sample in Sample Container
Absorber Lined Container ( 1/ 16"
Sample Alone**
*Worst Case = greatest maximum to
the quiet zone, for
figure 24).
plexiglass back)
plexiglass back)
greatest minimum
all positions of
Field Variation
(Worst Case*)
+ 3.63 db
+ 4.88 db
+ 2.63 db
+
2.88 db
+
.88 db
power variation in
dipole monitor (see
** Perturbations due to Sample movement alone, container and dipole
monitor
a.
Thi coet&iu iN'Qml&licHI alfaniuc the nat.lon.al of t.be Sta\ell wltbiD tbe mi!IADiD& ot the bpioa.p t.a .... Th\e II
V.S.C .. 703 ar t.be nl'tllatioD ol itll c:oatea\.11 ia all7 mn.Der \0 a.D. uaau\borU.d peT*)a ie prohibited by law.
Th Jot'>IU Hoplail'!t \}1'11->tv
AP'P'I.IEI) f'MYJIC. U&QAATOa't
$i!- Sopfl,g, M.ryl.-cl
,
C. POWER DENSITY
MRT-4-046
Q:-1-66-072
Page 15
The final evaluation phase of the microwave test facility was
the measurement of the power density in the quiet zone, utilizing the com-
plete microwave chain.
The power density was measured with the standard gain horn monitor
as outlined in Section 11 F, for various frequencies, and for values of trans-
mitted power between 200 and 300 watts with the appropriate horn sections.
These measured values were with the power density calculated from
the measured transmitted and the gain of the horn sections. The re-
sults are summarized in Table lii.
Freq.
(GHz)
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.95
4.0
TABLE III
Measured versus Calculated Densities
Tx. Horn
Section
D6
D6
D5
DS
D5
D4
D4
D4
D3
D3
D2
D2
Dl
Dl
Dl
Dl
D1
D1
Tx. Measured
G
. Tx. Power
a>n (Watts)
99.6
105.0
91.2
95.6
102.0
89.0
93.5
100.0
93.5
100.0
91.2
102.0
89.0
95.6
100.0
105.0
110.0
112.0
228
226
220
216
210
236
234
232
226
232
232
236
245
260
278
250
250
250
Calc. Power
Density

(P TGT/4rrR")
3.40
3.55
3.0
3.09
3.20
3.14
3.27
3.47
3.16
3.47
3.17
3.61
3.27
3. 7l
4.16
3.93
4.12
4.19
Measured
Power Density
mw/ crlr
3.70
3.90
3.0
3.2
2.9
2.85
.- ) 3. 1
3.35
3.0
3.45
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.6
4.15
4.0
4.35
4.25
A =
Calc.-
Meas.
-0.30
-0.35
0.00
-0.11
+0.30
+0.29
+0.17
-!-{). 12
-!-{). 16
+0.02
+0. 17
+0.01
-0.33
-Hl.ll
+0.01
-0.07
-0.23
-0.06
Tr.. John& tiooki"1 U,.!..,.,.,ity
A,.I"L.J0 I'MVaJC:a IJ,I(UIATO&Y
..........
D. CONCLUSION
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page 16
The microwave equipment at the Walter Reed facility is capable
of producing a power density of approximately 4.0 mw/cnf in a quiet zone
adequate ~ o r two test samples side-by-side (3'W x 2'H x l'D) over the
S-band frequency range, ~ i t a transmitted power of 250 watts - the
recommended upper limit for continuous operation of the high pwered
traveling wave amplifier,
For reduced quiet zone volumes, a power density of 10 mw/cmF
is possible.
When evaluated ~ i t an absorber backed dipole, total power ,
variations of+ 1.75 db were observed in the 3'W x 2'H x l'D quiet zone
over the S-Band frequency range, primarily due to reflections from the
chamber walls ( 1.0 db). Using a standard gain horn as the field
probe reduces the observed "ripples" to less than.::!: 0.25 db.
For a single test sample in an absorber lined test sample
container, field variations of.::!: 2.63 db were measured. The movement
of the sample alone produced variation of.::!: 0.88 db in the power
measured with the dipole antenna.
Fig. 1 MICROWAVE ANECHOIC CHAMBER
A."U\.J.- ..... -v..,.v
QM-66-072
Page t7
J.
'

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FIGURE 2
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RtJCK PWR SW.
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i
SPECTRUM
ANPJ.YZCf/1.
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QM-66-072
Page 27
Fig. II POWER DENSITY PER WATT TRANSMITTED FOR
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QM-66-072
Page 29
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MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page Al
Transmitting Horn. Design and Test Results
INTRODUCTION
anechoic chamber specifications originally called for a
four foot cubic quiet zone; however, it was determined that a quiet zone
3
1
wide x 2' high x 1' deep would be suitable for two test samples in con-
tainers side-by-side. a minimum transmitted power of 200 watts, a
power density of 2 mw/cm
3
! 1.0 db wa& required in the quiet zone. To
allow for a margin of safety, a uniform illumination (within! 1.0 db) in
a 4
1
W x 3'H x 2'D quiet zone was the design goal for the transmitting horp
antenna.
A conical transmitting horn antenna design was chosen because it
has an H plane toE plane beamwidth ratio close to that required (4 to 3),
without the narrower beam in the intercardinal planes associated the
horn antenna.
Because gain and beamwidth vary with the wavelength, the horn
design incorporates "add-on" sections for the various incremental band-
widths. This is discussed further under bearnwidth considerations. The
first section includes a built-in rectangular to circular transition ob-
viating the need for a separate waveguide transition. Figure 5 in the main
section of this report is an illustration of the transmitting horn.
BEAMWIDTH CONSIDERATIONS
The geometry for the horn illumination of the quiet zone is shown
in the following sketch.
1--o ::z.o'-j

-_.:::---- I I o
. .
r . -. rr-:-I
rx.lRN '-I .. ---,---Z
3

0
' --i--\,p

1: '20NE --
lM JQl.n$ Hopil.!n, Unl.,.,.ily
A"PLfEO PMl'.!CS L.AIOifATOIIIIY
SilV"'!' 5,King,
. .
Page A2
The chamber specifications called for a maximum of .5 db (t .25 db)
change in amplitude due to reflections from the walls. This value, added to
the .75 db (+ db) change in amplitude due to the change in transmission
1 . -
length (Ftloss), dictated that the change in amplitude due to the beamwidth
of the transmitting horn could not exceed .75 db in order to meet the design
goal 1.0 db change in power density in
above sketch, then, the .15 db beanwidth is
the quiet zone volume. From the
1
2 9
2
= 2. tan- .;L = 9.2. From
25
the figure in reference 3, the ratio of the .75 db beamwidth to the 3 db
beam;,idth is . 5,. Thus,
SH (. 75 db)
eH< 3 db)
= .5
'
e (3 db'=
H '
The S-Band frequency range from 2 to 4 GHz was divided into eight
'increments, each representing approximately 10% of the band, in order to keep
the beamwidth (and gain) nearly constant. To compensate for this ten percent
bandwidth, the design beamwidth was increased by ten percent, resulting in a
desired H plane 3 db beamwidth of 20.
The horn aperture diameter in wavelengths(D/i..) was determined from
th t i f th H 1 beamw<dth (
4
) e e express on rom e p ane
70
9H(3 db)= D/i..
0
For 9H(3 db)= 20 , D/i.. = 3.5. Starting at 2.0 GHz, the approxi-
mate 10% incremental frequencies, wavelengths, and the diameter of the horn
section computed from D/i.. = 3.5 are shown in Table Al. Also shown in this
table are the lengths of the various sections computed from the geometry in
the following sketch.
_____-'"'\ 7' = phase error
\ t in wave lengths
\ 9.:; L ""
'. f2.
D/1 I

.. spherical
/ phase front
_"""*'...__,L., .,
For D""' 4i..
L = ax
=!:.
4
(chosen)
(3)
(4)
L o.S6 7S'-' -----''1-1
The Microwave Engineers Handbook and Buyers Guide 1966, Page 174
Antennas J. D. Kraus 381
4
1..,. JoMt Hof)kil'la t.l"i....aity
PHYSICa t.A&OAA'tUit'
Sl ... r 5J:tf'."IQ, Mltrtl,td
QM-66-072
Page A3
Thus L = determined the lengths of the various sections
as tabulated.
TABLE AI
Horn Dimensio':!s
Freq. /.(in.)
Diameter (in.) Section
L (in.)
D = 3.51. Designation n
2.00 5.8 20.00
D8.
21.5
2.20 5.35 18.75 D7 17.5
2.45 4,80 16.75 D6 14.0
2.70 4.35 15.25 DS 10.5
2.95 4.00 14.0 D4 7.50
3.20 3.70 13.0 D3 5.25
3.55 3.35 11.75 D2 2. 25
3.90 3.05 10.75 Dl 0
The recommended frequency range for S-Band WR 284 waveguide is
,
2.6 to 3.95 GHz, therefore horn sections larger than D6 may not be required.
However, should higher power densities be needed (over smaller areas) horn
sections D7 and DS, and two additional sections, D9 and DlO were constructed.
II
The diameters for D9 and DlO are 22.5 "and 24.5", and the lengths are 26.75
II
and 31.75 respectively, based on the same criteria as the other sections.
REQUIREMENTS
The above analysis assumes an aperture with sufficient
gain to provide a power density of 2 mw/cm
2
for a minimum of 200 watts
of transmitted. power. Reference 5 gives the gain of a conical horn as
4rrA
G (db)= 10 log 4where Lis the loss term (in the reference figure)
versus the phase deviation at the aperture edge. For the selected phase
deviation of X/4, L = 1.5 db; and for = 3.5
:rrD :a
G = ()\) - 1.5 db = 20.85 - 1.5 = 19.4 db
Antenna Engineers Handbook H. Jasik, Ed. McGraw Hill (1961) Chap 10-4
Johna Hopld,.,,
f"l.liD I.AaOIU.TOY
I ,
The power density is
Pr
PTGT
Pd = =
4TTR
2
where
PT
=
Ar
GT
=
R =
Pd = 2.6 mw/cm
2
, which is adequate.
200 watts
19.4 db =
24 ft
(min)
87
Sill 21 E I m
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page A4
MEASURED VERSUS CALCULATED VALUES
The calculated was 19,4 db at the design frequencies,
which included a 1.5 db loss due to efficiency and phase error. The meas-
'
ured gains at the design frequencies are tabulated below along with the dif-
ference between the measured and calculated gain (6G).
TABLE A2
Measured versus Calculated Gain
Horn Design Measured Calculated
AG
Section Trequency Gain Gain
Dl

3.9 20.3 19.4 +0.9
D2 3.55 20.0 19.4 +0.6
D3 3. 20 19.7 19.4 +0.3
D4.
2.95 19.7 19,4 +0.3
DS 2.7 19.6 19.4 +0.2
D6 2.45 19.4(est) 19.4 +0,0
I
.
slightly
slightly
From this table, it can be seen that the measured gain is very
higher than calculated. This is due in part to the beamwidth being
narrower than the
at the aperture edge being
design value; and in part to the phase deviation
less than 'A/4, and consequently, the loss due to
phase error and efficiency being slightly less than the 1.5 db allotted.
Table A3 below compares the measured and calculated 3 db beam-
widths, which again are in good agreement. These values
expression for the H plane 3 db bearnwidth is more nearly
for theE plane SE 55/D'A.
s
indicate that
- 68
9H (3 d\V = D/'A
the
and
Hot)ltil'lt Ul'll....-nity
.t0 ,_HYitC' LABOitATp'f
S>lv.,.
TABLE A3
Neasured versus Calculated E & H Plane Beamwidths
Measured
Calculated
Measured
70
Horn Frequency H Plane 3dbB.W
eH (3db >=nn
E Plane 3dbB.W
Section (GHz) (Degrees) (Degrees)
Dl 3.9 18.9 20 15.8
D2 3.55 19.3 20 15.7
D3 3.2
'19. 7 20 15.7
D4 2.95 19.6 20 15.5
DS 2.7 19.5 20 15.5
D6 2.45 19.5 20 15.5
Sf'VME I
MRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page A5
Calculated
60
6E (3db )=D/1,.
17
17
17
17
17
110
' John Hopioin Ul'liYWtily
IEC I"HVItC: U.&IUlATOfiY
S.il,..- .... d
APPENDIX B
Sleeve Dipole Antenna
NRT-4-046
QM-66-072
Page Bl
A dipole was chosen as the field probe antenna for the chamber
evaluation in order to observe virtually all of the reflections from the
walls (and the ceiling and floor}, which contribute to the perturbation of
the field in the chamber. The sleeve (or skirt) dipole design was selected
because of its natural configuration for an upright power monitor of a ver-
tically polarized field, and becaus<- <>f its ease in construction utilizing
the APL 5-spline semirigid coaxial cable which was available; the dipole
probe tip simply screws into the cables hollow center conductor. The di-
pole is illustrated in figure Bl This figure gives the pertinent design'
dimensions which were arrived at empirically using the basic tenets set
forth by Silver(
6
).
Figure 13, in the main section of this illustrated the
fixed monitor version of the sleeve dipole used as a power monitor in the
Figure B2 illustrates the "gooseneck" version used to evaluate
the chamber.
The VSWR of both versions is shown in figure B3. These values
include the mismatch from the Type N to 5-spline cable transition. A sur-
prising feature of these dipoles is that the VSWR was less than 2:1
2.6 GHz to 11.4 GHz (the lin:its of the then available equipment).
(
6
)Microwave Antenna Theory and Design S. Silver, Ed.
MIT Rad Lab Series, Vol. 12 McGraw Hill (1949) Chap 8.2

IDA
::
s''
......
-
-
January 2, 1%9
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BW; DOvVNGflADEO
TO: t1r. R. S. Cesaro, ARPI'. TO-.. ........
FROt1: .fierbert Pollack ._
SUBJECT: Report of Visit to u.s.s. Saratoga, December 'n, 1968 t .. U
L The visit to the Aircraft Carrier Saratoga was accomplished
or: December 31, 1968. The personnel vJere most cordial and cooperative.
2. The Chief !1edical Officer is an alert, well infom.ed, and
effective physician. vie discussed the possibility of a retrospective
study of the health records of deck personnel as compared to other
groups of sailors.
3. The engine room crew, because of constant exposure to high
temperatures, have a specialized series of complaints that make it
difficult to evaluate their health against deck crews. Sailors in
the supply division would serve as better controls.
4. The medical records while adequate for the routine health
supervision may not be complete enough for our purposes. Commander
Pratt, the C.tl.O. of the Saratoga,has offered to try to get a
comparison of sick call rates betvJeen deck crews and other divisions
and to list the frequency of various complaints or presenting symptoms.
5, The Operations Officer in charge of radar pointed out that the
"lookouts" are in the direct line of sight of the search radars for
four hours at a time. These men are selected frcm the gunnery cre\"S.
6. The executive officer speaking for the Captain expressed their
interest in the problems and will extend all help if the CNO or
CINCIITI"AN approves a request to have tv1o observers aboard the
Saratoga to get base line readi.ngs on selected members of the crew.
The carrier is scheduled for a training cruis0 in the Carribean for
February and it was suggested that the last part of that t!lOnth would
be most convenient for them.
...,
-,
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w .... .:A
./
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--- .. -

. '.
; .. ' "
!J .. :.: .. - .. . alEUL\r-1
7, It is suggested a protocol be developed for the purpose of
making measurements of "vigilance" reactions on selected of
the These measurements will be repeated on the same people
after several months of operational activities. It should be pointed
out that the Sar<'j.toga has just undergone extensive rehabilitation and
has been tied to the docks for one year. Hence none of the ship's
complement have had any exposure to micro-waves during this time.
The subjects selected for the study should be divided into two
groups: a. veteran members of the crew v:hose duties allO\ved them
to be radiated by the micro-waves and b. new recruits with no history
of previous exposure to micro-waves. A log will be kept of the duty
stations and hours of the selected subjects.
HP/nr
UNCLASSIFlED"
., '
'
....
. .r
-
' ..
....... , ..
'. .... .,
This d{)Ctlmont Ct)nto:lns informaticm eHoctinq
tho noti<>nt!l defense o! the- United StaltiS wl!h
tn the rneaninq cf the- Espionage taws, T;tb
18, tr.S. Code, Sac!icns 793 end 794. T!ut
tn::nstnh1sien ot tho revelation oJ its conhtn!JJ
m <tD ma.nner to an Wl4U!.hor'4d pt':sou I;
UCtU:;l!D RE
CfiADli,OJ DIR 510J,IJ DOES
!lOT API'LY
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN OOWNGRAOEO.
9- OCT 1979
TO .. --.... .-..:---.................. - .. vtjz-


....... '.;)lJP!.3. . U 0
Joseph i'. Kubil
; (5-8-69)
... /6r- .. >' dJ) ___ f'.>-'
c t:l!f1 -- . .. .

IDA HQ 69-(/'
/
1JNCltASSIFilW
1
TABLi OF CONTENTS
,.,.. >, ........ '11 'J :-:.: ;
. . . . . :.. A
, .. '
.... ,. !<) ... '\("." ,..,
Presents the rationale, resul t.s and reC0111!1lendatiollll of tbe Saratoga
.APPENDIX A
!a!Jillls in this report prepered by Dr. Kubis were presented verball.7 in
a meeting (2-18-69) at Walter Reed Hospital called by Mr. Cesaro.
APPERDIX B
The reduced data and analytic !llllllmal"ies were prepared by Captain James
P. Y.l.anders with the a3aist.nce of Iilnsign Loren Appelbaum and Captain J. Ronald
Gentile. Methods ot scoring, reduoing, and allalyzing the data were established
in !leet.ings (2-20 and 2-24-69) held by Dr. Kubis at Walter Reed &spital (Forest
Glen). 'ftle analytic S'lli!IDal"ies and other data necessary tor completing the Saratoga
report were received by Dr. Kubis on March 18, April 2, and April lS, 1969.
-
'-' ,_. I, j. }, "' ! . - ,
UNCLASSIFIED'

.... 1'
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UNCLASSIFIED
1
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PURPOSE
1. To determine i! seamen, groUped to amount ot exposure
experienced during work schedules, would dll'fer in performance QA a
broad batte:r,y of cogniti'n, sensory-perceptual, and psychomotor tests,
2. To proride baael.ine performance data for seamen under dock:Bide and at-sea
conditions
.3. '1'o establish the reliability oi' tbe liii!Uures 1Uied Ullder the ordinary
working conditions oi' a seamaa.
RATIONAlE
It waa anticipated that sailors warking on the night Deck would receive more
exposure than sailors working below deck (specll'ically, the Hangar Deck). Though
differing in exposure, these two groups are relatively equivalent in terms of work
loads and work schedules
1
and could he made equiTalent on a Jmmber of background
variables such aa age, education, and general ability.
lookouts at the 09 Deck IBvel were considered to be highly exposed. On the
buis or conversations with the personnel in the cs and or groups, both involved
in lookout operationa, the former (CS) vaa judged to be more exposed than the
latter (OI). Sailors f:r011t the 4th Division were selected as a control for both
the CS and OI greUpe. These sailors had no exposure of the sort experienced at the
I
09 Deck IJrvel, but their work du.ties vera similar te those ot the CS and OI groups.
'l'bree. sets or analy:ses ware suggested: (1) te en.luate the dll'ferences in
test pertonnance between the J'ligbt Deck (exposed) and the Hangar Deck (non-
' ..
U!ICLASSlF lED"
L> ,< , ..
. ' . ' ' )
. . .
. ..
. ... '
r.:
tiiJNc:tAssfFrED"
,,
e'x:Posed) crew;
Di"fision groups, which represent. a gradient of expoi!Ure fl'OI!I maxiJnal to minimal;
(.3) to ln'aluate the test perfOl'l!lance of the cs, or, and 4th Division groups
a.tter a work assignment. Since each or these groups were to be tested
Cb:lring a non-work (i.e. non-exposed) period, the retesting i.Jnmediately following
a vork assignment (dul'i.ng which the cs and or groups are subject to exposure)
would test for imeiJiate a:posure et.r.Cts.
A broad spect'rUIII of :tmman tuuctions vu selected on the basis of potential
sensitivity to the expos'IU"e conditions anticipated aboard the Saratoga. These
are categol'iced below.
A. Psycho1110tor
l. Choice Beaction Time
(La.ta;rette dft'ice)
2. Rotary Parsuit.
{La.ta;yette photoelectric apparatus)
B. Sensory-Perceptual
c.
1. Visual Acuit.y (Far and Near)
(Vision Tester - T:l.tlltus)
2. Vertical and Lateral Imbalance
(Visio.u Tester - Titaus)
J, Stereo-Depth
(Vision Tester - T:l. tau )
It. Color Weakness
(Vision Tester - Titmus)
; rucker 1\lsiOD.
(Lafqette apparatus)
CognitiVIt
1. Word nW!IIIC1
(Word IDdings Test)
-
'
,,
I
'
..
-..f. i ,-
.. '.,..
- . ;.. .. ,o!i, ---"'" ... -, .. ,"'".; -:., ;-:- ...... : . .;
.. .... ..
, . ': ' . : - :
. : .... '\ .. ... . : .!'
2.
'i : :. " .
..
Number Facility
(Addition Test)
3 ME!IIIOlY
(Audi tol"T Number Span Test)
4. Speed of Closure
(Concealed Words Test)
5. Perceptual Speed
(Number Compari110n Test)
(Identical Picture Test)
. ' .
,, ,. ",; :. ' 4
In addition, a hand dynamometer wu used to test hand grip. This test pro-
vided superficial face validity to a procedure which, in its directions,
emphasized "fatigue" as an important factor under stuey (cf. Appendix A).
SUBJ,g()TS
Subjects were selected for membership in each of the experimental and
control groups on the basis of educational level, prior test perfonnance, and
time remaining in service.
The m:in:IJnuaa educational requirement was completion of the 12th grade. In a
ffnl instances a 12th grade equivalency diploma was substituted for the high school
graduate requirement.
, .--'
Prior testing on the OCT and ARI provided an added check on the educational
criterion. A combined score of 95 on these two tests was the cut-of! score, with
neither the OCT nor ARI below 45. The educational requirement and the test criteriDr;
filtered out those subjects who would have difficulty in reading or understanding
the directions in the experimental test batt81"T.
Finally, no seaman was selected who was due to leav,e the service in less than
12 months. This criterion made it possible to retest. subjects after an extended

tour of duty and, therefore, after extended exposure.
" ... ' ;
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"UNCLASSIFIE!
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... ... ;:.,,!,- 't
'
'METHODOUXJI
'lhe conditions under which the tests were administered are described in
Appendix.&..
STATISTICAL CONSIDERATIONS
'lhe data were corusidared to meet the requirements of classical. tests of
significance. Analyses ot variance ot single and II!Ultiple classification and
repeated measures designs were utilized. Pearson produ.ct-moment correlation
coefficients were used to estil!late test-retest reliability.
RESULTS
4
As indicated in the S1ll11lllal'J table of Appendix B, the statistical. analysis
presents a picture of overall insignificance. 'lhe few significant results (test-
retest situation) present no meaningful pattern.
In particular
l. There are no mea.ningi'ul.q signiticant differences between the test
performances of the Flight Deck and the Hmgar Deck crews. The one
-
significant difference is in the Reaction Time score which lacks
adequate reliability.
2. There are no significant differences in performance among the Lookout
groups: CS, OI, and 4th DiTisien
.). There are no significant differences in performance among the Lookout
groups when tested illmediately after a work (e:x:poBUre) session.
4. The reliability of moat of the test instruments proved to be adequate

for the condi tiona under which they were used." Reaction Time meaBUres,
however, were 1ll'll'eliable. :KA!mar,y Span appears to be an inadequate as
well Bill an Ulll."8liable measure ot the memol7 tunction. Word Endings,
' --;'!i ..
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UNCLASSIFIEJJ"
lower than expected.
CONCIDSIONS
1. lfo exposure ef!ect waiJ d.elllonst.ra.ted.
2. ReliabUity is adequate !or most test measures.
DISCUSSIOB
In view of the short period ot exposure during the sea trials of the Saratoga.,
the Flight Deck, the CS, and the OI groups were not expected to di.f.'fs- signi-
ficantly in test performance .t'l'om their control groups. Consequently the
obtained results, which illdicated.general non-significance, were not surprising.
lbwever, upon careful check, considerable doubt now exists as to wheths- azv
exposure ditf!l'ences (as assumed by prior consid<l'ations) actually existed aboard
the Saratoga during the sea trials. In viw of the strong probability far this
position, the obtained negative results tend to generate confidence in the adequacy
of the test procedures and the care with which the criteria of selection were
applied.
The adequate reliability of most test measures obtained during the ordinary
work day of the seaman and under actual operating conditions ( eg. ambient noise,
vibration, and motion aboard a ship ill restless seas) gives further confidence
in the use of such test procedures aboard vessels during routine sea operations.
l!l!X:OMMENDATIONS
1. Reaction 'l'ime, Memory Span, Far Acuity, Word :Eildil'igs, and Flicker Fusion
should be renamined and appropriately modi.f.'ied to meet higher reliability
: ... "''
2. An ongoing search program sluiuld be undertaken to identi.tY behavioral
functions potentially susceptible to the exposures alluded to in this s t ~ .
'UNCLASSIFIED"
. /'*'" ... ,.
: ~ ~ : . ." > :: ~
6
.. :"".; ..: ... _.::-.; . .("".:, ..... ....... \_.. ... .,"_
t ; "' : : .. t_ ! . "'"' :--. ,. l - /'" . ,, : , : , . .i .J I
'-J . '-: ... . -
). Exposure situations or sites of the type alluded to in this stud,y should
be examined to see il
a. they produce e:xposure of sufficient intensity
b. the cposure intensities can be monitored so as to provide a
record o! aa;y changes in rate o! e:xposure
c. a su!!icient uumber or subjects are subjected to the exposure
intensity
d. a measure o! subject-exposure-time can be developed.
4. In Tiew oi' the difficulties experienced in this stuey relative to the
use o! external electric power {ct .Appendix A.), instruments for the
evaluation of psychcllllotor functions should be supplied with independent
power sources where i'easible.

, .
'
0
U!ICUSSIFIED
0
APPENDIX A
. '.'I' . i :;
....
FATIGUE STUDY
. ~ ' . , .. . . :
. : ~ : . : ,..:, H ~ ; .;. : ~ : . . : . W Jftlf II
I. PRKPARATORY STAG.!!:
A. Selection of Abilities to be Tested
Aiming
Depth-Perception
Memory Span
Perceptual Speed
Response Orientation
Speed of Closure
statio strength
Visual Acuity
Word Fluency
B. Contracted Services with BioTechnolof!Y Inc.
1. To obtain tests
2. To duplicate test materials
J, To prepare direction and recording forms
4. To train a field team in the u.se or T..Da test battery
C 'i.'rain ing Program
1. At BioTechnology Inc.
2. 1-23-69 through 1-24-69
D. Per:JOnne1
1. Preparatory Stage
Dr. Joseph V. Brady
Or. Thomas W. Frazier
2 'i.'r aining Stage
.ENS, !.oren Appelbaum
CPT. James P. Flanders
CPT. J. Ronald Gentile
E. Direction! and Qu.estionnaire
Confer Appendix
il. USTll-lti S'fA.GJ>
Dr. Joseph F. Kubis
Dr. Herbert Poll:\ok
Or. Joseph F, Kubis
CDR. Thomas J. Sullivan
'
A. un Boanl - Dockside ( 1-27-69 through 1-30-69)
1. Facilities
a. Initially, Ward 2 and the Qu.iet Room
b, Later, because of blood work and TB e:x:sminations,
testing was conducted in the Isolation Ward and the
Qu.iet Room
UNCLASSIFIED'
A2
...
/ i:'). ; .
__ .;A:
a. ENS Appelbaum, CPT Flanders, and CPT Gentile -- testing
b. CDR Sullivan - liaison and scheduling
c. Jll.". Kubis -- liaison, personnel records analysis,
coordination
3. \iork Completed
67 individuals were tested
B. On Board - At Sea (1-31-69 to 2-10-69)
1. Facilities
a. Initi.al.l:y, the Isolation liard and the Quiet Room
b. Later, because an active case of TB had to be isolated,
testing was linrl.ted to the Q.Uet Room
2. Personnel and Duties
a. ENS Appelbaum and R. Deimel -- testing
b. III'. Kubis -- liaison, scheduling, and coordination
c. (Note: R. Deimel was trained in test procedure
by ENS Appelbaum. )
3 . \fork Completed*
n. 92 rcrsons were tested
b. 47 of these were retests
i. to obtain a reliability estimate
ii. to evaluate the effects of watch or lookout duty
* To be rechecked during reduction and analysis of dsta
To CDR II. Pratt for outstanding cooperation and help in
providing testing and living space; and for laying the
groundwork for the genuine acceptance of the project.
To CDR T. Sullivan for outstanding cooperation in keeping the
testing program moving smoothly and far providing Robert W.
Deimel as peychometrist for testing at sea.
To KNS Appelbaum, R. Dei.mel, CPr Flanders, and CPT Gentile for
enthusiastic devotion to the demands of ar9uous duty.
To all officers and to the men who were tested far their
wholehearted participation in the program.
. .
'UNCLASSIFIED
l)'1;;(.UL i
D. Problems
1. Noise level
factor
since continuous, probably not a critical
2 Occasional announcements over public-address system
3. General quarters
4. Occasional intrusion into testing room
5. Variable line power
6. Breakdown in the controls on the timer for the rotary
pursuit and reaction time apparatus
E. Resolution of Problems
1. Data influenced by extraneous and undesired intrusions
will be analyzed separately.
2. 'lbe apparatus for the rotary pursuit and reaction tine tests
was to be returned to BioTechnology for repair. These units
were removed from the Saratoga, January 30, 1969, by CPT
Flanders and CPT Gentile.
F. Disposition of Apparatus and Test Material
All remaining apparatus and test materials <Iere to be removed
from the Saratoga, Monday Feb. 10, 1969, by ENS Appelbaum and
R. Deimel, to be returned to Dr. T. Frazier. Apparatus
should be rechecked by BioTechnology.
III. fGCCYu!ENDATIONS
A.
B.
c.
D.
All apparatus to be rechecked and recalibrated, if necessary,
before any additional testing is to be done. This task should
be referred to BioTechnology.
Scoring of tests. Since "local" problems can be best interpreted
by the men <IhO did the testing and since there are not too many
tests involved, it might be most economical to have ENS
R. Deimel, CPT Flanders, ar.d CPT Gentile do the scoring or to
closely supervise it. Recording format should be compatible Hith
card punching requirements.
..
Reduction and of Results. Some preliminary analysis
shOUld be further retesting is undertaken.
The first phase of the retesting should be scheduled sometime
within the period of April 15 to April 30, 1969 during which
the Saratoga will presumably be in It is recommended
that the personnel involved in the Dockside testing in Philadel-
phia conduct the testing at Mayport.
Blood on a li.;ci ted sample should again be taken at
during the April 15-JO period. oUNCLASSIFI0
F. Tbe problem of variable power on the Saratoga in relation to
the rotary pursuit and reaction time tests should be discussed
with BioTechnology Inc.
J,F,K.- (2-18-69)
Walter Reed lbspital.
UNCLASSIFIED"
AS
APPENDIX
I
.:. '
SSIFIEDI
UNCLASSIFIED
. ... - 7
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
When men are tired, sleepy, or work under heavy stress loads,
their performance usually su:f:fers and they tend to make more errors.
We want to measure how human e:f:ficienoy is affected by long
working hours, hard work, and di:f:ferent work-rest schedules.
We will do this by giving you a. number of tasks and activities
that will involve sensory, perceptual, and motor :functions.
Accuracy and time will be measured.
r ~ sure you understand the inatructions before you ber,in.
Instructions :for each task will be given by the examiners.
'!'he results of these tests will have no bearing on your naval
career and will not become a part of your service r"cord,
'!'hank you for your cooperation.
. .
-
1. Ibw tired do you !'eel?
Very ___ 1-bderately ___ Slightly __ Not at all __ _
2. lbw sleepy do you !'eel?
Very ___ Moderately ___ Slightly ___ llot at all __ _
3. lbw long did you sleep? ---- hours
h. When did you awake? ____ ....;AM (PM)
5. What activity were you engaged in just before coming here for testing?
6. HOw long were you involved in this activit,r? hours
1.
Ilwe you ever worked around X-ray ma.chines?
8. Have you had aey X-ray examinations in the last year?
If so, was it stomach
Chest

Arm or leg
9.
Are you taking aey drugs regularly?
Which?
10. Are you taking aspirin?
H011 much? How often?

UNCLASSIFIED
... ,_. ..
Name Date
-------------------------- --------------------------
Service No. Time
-------------------- -------------------------
Hate ________________________ _
Examiner
------------------
Division

Critical Flicker Frequency (in flashes per second)
lA 2D 3A 4D 5A
6D 7A 80 9A
10[)
Choice Reaction Time (practice 3 each color) (in milliseconds)
lH :m 313 4G
7B UG UH
Botary Pursuit Test (30-second trials) (time on target in seconds)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Grip Strength (kilograms}
n __ _
L
----
n
----
L
-------
R ___ _
L
-------
Comments:
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Nu;nbor cotTcct - (ar,:it!f":r ""' score.
3. l:i.rt::Wcr np<!l1. 1:u1r.bcr cort.e-::t.
l;. \:ord

t:u!!lr:or corrr::c.t.
5. CCJr ... \7ords. 1h.mlhcr corre:ct.
6. i.tit.llt:i.on. Hu1ni.H.::r corr.>.!Ct ..
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l't<,)CCl':t1:i ug :-: 9,. Then St..:.l!i err Ll
8. S'.iJ>1 err = l'"\fte:r :!:J
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not f:or U, 7 nnd
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17. of ,.,du red "itb "'''n bhw.
1!3. Cortclntion of :'!Jn recl \Jith ;:;rln grct.:n.
19. Correlac:ton of l
1
.cln vi th r,:dn hln:.!.
20. Hcdiun of for
:ll. Corr<,lutlcm of trialrl (2+!,) <'ith trial!:: (:H';).
22. Purnuit rotor suo tdab (2+4+3+5).
I
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BRASS PROBE

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CENTER CONDUCTOR
TAPPED
5 SPLINE TEFLON . ,.._ ____ . __
SPACER
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Page B2
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--:!
SLEEVE
ALUMINUM OUTER CONDUCTOR
Fig. 81
COPPER CENTER CONDUCTOR
k---1--'-1-- .125 DIA. l020 WALL)
k--. 500
1-.-----.743
DIMENSIONS OF "s"BAND SLEEVE DIPOLE
ECCOSORB
\.i+'t- oo- v 1 L.
Page B3
i' r } ABSORBER MOUNTING BOARD
htl./
f. ,I a-------, I TRAVELING PROBE
l
DRIVE MECHANISM
MOUNTING PLATE
12" '
TYPE AN 75 -----
L..--"TYPE N" TO 5 SPLINE CABLE
TRANSITION
2'611
CRYSTAL DETECTOR
RG 58/U CABLE
Fig.B2 MOVEABLE GOOSENECK DIPOLE MONITOR
c:
31:
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>
1.6
L4
1.2
1.0
2.6
1.6
1.4
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FREQUENCY-GHz
GOOSENECK DIPOLE
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3.6 3.8
MRT-4-046
QN-66-072
Page "B4
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STRA tGHT DIPOLE

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APPENDIX C
Field Traversing Mechanism
QF I p
r-4-046
QM-6.6-072
Page Cl
The field traversing mechanism used to evaluate the anechoic
chamber is shown in figure Cl. It is capable of moving the probe antenna
(either the dipole or the standard gain horn) in azimuth and in elevation
a distance of+ 2.5' from the center at variable speeds. The entire
mechanism was moved along the length of the chamber
during the evaluation.
Incorporated in the machanism are voltage readouts proportional
to the distance (in both azimuth and elevation) which are used to drive an
.,
X-Y recorder. Also included are syncro position indicators on the remote
control panel. Limit switches at the azimuth and elevation extremes set
the motor brake until the movement direction is reversed. Figure C3 is a
wiring diagram of the mechanism and its control panel.
The "mast" is readily removable for ease in transportation and
storage. For the "sample container" measurements, the mast and its "super
structure", and the entire elevation_ drive mechanism were removed, and an
absorber pedestal was placed on the movable azimuth base. The sample con-
tainer was placed on this absorber pedestal and moved +2.0 feet in azimuth
behind the fixed dipole monitor. During all measurements, the exposed super-
structure is absorber lined.
Figure C2 is the wiring diagram for the Field Traversing Mechanism.
--""""'
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&. _'!\!!' ....., '!" _..,._
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R. s. Cesaro
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R. s. Cesaro
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R. s. Cesaro
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H. M. Grove
7
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R. s. Cesaro
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R. s. Cesaro
5
R. s. Cesaro
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H. M. Grove
7
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MRT-4-046
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ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20301
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2 'l SEP 1967 I
MEMORANDUM FOR DIRECTOR, DEFENSE RESEARCH & ENGINEERING
SUBJECT: Project BIZARRE
References: l. Memorandum to Director, ARPA, from Deputy Director,
Advanced Sensors, dated 15 December 1966, subject:
Project PANDORA .. Initial Test Results. (Top Secret)
2. Memorandum for Record, signed by Deputy Director,
Advanced Sensors, dated 20 December 1967, subject:
Project PANDORA - Initial Test Results. (Top Secret)
3. Memorandum for Director, R&E, from Deputy Director,
Advanced Sensors, dated 28 June 1967, concerning
Projects PANDORA and BIZARRE. (Top Secret)
4. CIA Memorandum for Deputy Director, R&D, dated
13 September 196 7, subject: Summary of TUMS Power
Density Measurements .. 13 September 196 7. {Secret)
5. Memorandum from AF Avionics Laboratory to Mr. Cesaro,
dated 15 August 1967, subject: Power Level Measurements ..
TUMS Radiation. {Secret)
SUMMARY
l. The central nervous system of primates has been penetrated
directly or indirectly by non-thermal modulated microwave radiation at
power densi;!y levels from 4. 0 milliwatts per square centimeter down to
1. 0 mw/cm (these levels are below present U. S. safety standards).
2. At similar radiation power densities and non-modulated low
microwave radiation the primates performed normally.
ARPA-AS-TS-67-20
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3. The recent low level BIZARRE tests at . 008, . 05,
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power densities under modulated microwave radiation did not cause the
primate to degrade in conducting his work tasks.
4. The latest data collected on the Moscow data indicates energy
densities no greater than . 05 mw /cm
2
in the Moscow Signal
DISCUSSION
This memorandum is a progress report on Project BIZARRE. References
1, 2, and 3 report in detail on the ARPA experimental results of primate
tests in Project BIZARRE and related research and development. The
tests so far have established that the central nervous system of primates
was disrupted directll or indirectly after exposure to low level (non-
thermal) 4-5 mw/cm modulated "S" band microwave radiation for periods
between 10 and 19 days. When the primate tests were conducted at the
same low level (4-5 mw/cm
2
) radiation, without modulation, the central
nervous system was not disrupted for test periods up to 30 days as
reflected by overt performance measurements (references 1 and Z). The
electromagnetic frequency and modulation used for these preliminary
tests simulated a portion of the "Moscow Signal. " The intent of the
"Moscow Signal" has not been established by the experiments conducted
to date.
New measurements with ARPA instrumentation of the "Moscow Signal" on
site has now been completed. These data of the "Moscow Signal" cover
a recorded bandwidth of 50 me as opposed to the original bandwidth data
recordings of 3 me. Also, a partial mapping of the power density has
been completed (references 4 and 5 ). A thorough analysis of this new
signal data should now be undertaken to define the "Moscow Signal"
characteristics. No further "on-site" electromagnetic measurements ,.ae&- r;:J,c.

The latest data on power levels recorded in the Moscow Embassy were
always below 50 microwatts/cm2 (. 05 mw/cm2). The recent BIZARRE
tests have completed one experiment on primate behavior at power levels
of. 008, . 05, . 01, and 4. 6 mw/cm
2
. These data showed no overt
primate performance degradation at levels below 1. 0 mw/cm2. It must
be emphasized that these initial investigations were only concerned with

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' . i
3
the overt primate performance measurement. Information on other
biological indicators such as EEG, EKG, genitic effects, anatomical
abnormalities, neuro chemistries, or sophisticated blood chemistries
(endocrine, steroid levels, chromasomal abberations, etc.) will be
obtained in the next program phase of BIZARRE.
The Soviets have reported in the open literature that humans subjected
to low level (non-thermal) modulated microwave radiation, show adverse
clinical and physiological effects. The experiments with modulated
microwaves on primates conducted by ARPA show repeatable histories
of measured degradation of primate performance under laboratory
conditions. In the United States there have been no experiments with
microwaves which directly relate primate performance with human
behavior. In certain other types of experimental medicine (e. g., blood
chemistry, drug screening, etc. ) effects which show up on Rhesus
monkeys bear a strong relationship to effects observed in humans. The
ARPA BIZARRE program will establish methods which should permit
us to relate the behavior of sub-human primates to man under conditions
of microwave exposure. This may require direct testing with humans
under controlled conditions.
Serious impact of this research centers around the foUowing general
considerations:
l. Hazards to humans from low level microwave radiation may
exist below the present U. S. safety limits. These hazards must be
carefully explored and established. Latent, long term effects on biological
systems must be investigated.
2. The ARPA test results have demonstrated the feasibility of
causing adverse biological effects on the central nervous system of
primates. The potential of exerting a degree of control on human
behavior by low level selectively modulated microwave radiation should
be investigated for potential weapon applications.
.\\{0
Ce aro
Acting Director
Advanced Sensors
effort will
Minutes of Pandora Meeting of January 17,

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Meeting Convened: 0945
....,... IDA Rm. No . : lOKS
DA
Present a.m. and p.m.:
Science Advisory Committee
General Frederic J. Hughes, Jr.
Dr. Joseph F. Kubis
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Colonel Joseph V. Brady
Dr. Thomas W. Frazier
Major Joseph c. Sharp Dr. Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
Dr. Herbert Pollack
( :'
. -. .
'
Dr. Joseph E. Barmack absent due to illness
Mr. H. Mark Grove, Wright-Patterson AFB
Commander Hugh S. Pratt, MC, USN
.,
(C.M.D. USS Saratoga)
Rear Admiral Frank Voris, MC, USN
. Present p.m. only:
. Dr. Joseph M. Aein, IDA
Mr. RichardS. Cesaro, OSD/ARPA/AS
Dr. James T. Mcilwain, MC, USA, WRAIR
Mr. A. Rubenstein, OSD/ARPA/AS
._ :.
1 .. Dr. Pollack reviewed considerations relative to the USN-ARPA
study to be carried out aboard the USS Saratoga currently in
Philadelphia Naval Yard in preparation to join fleet opera-
tions.
2. Rear Admiral Voris and Commander Pratt commented on operational
considerations of the study from money.point of view.
3. Colonel Brady, Dr. Frazier, and Dr. Sharp commented regarding
Walter Reed army considerations
. .
. .
.. 4. Mr. Grove commented regarding physical measurements and en-
. ' gineering considerations of shipboard radar measurements and
:: ./>"c: monitoring.
. Summary of Discussions:
'-.' i'
. ;; Dr. Pollack :reviewed need for definitive data on effects of
.radiation on physiological and psychological (particularly
"behavioral) functions in man. Primary areas to be looked at
appeared to be (a) physiological, (i) formed blood elements, i.e.,
genetic alterations, (ii) cardiovascular and (iii) neurological
:and (b) psychological regarding task performance and group be-
. havio:r. Regarding general plan involved selecting a population
of ship's crew subjected to shipboard :radiation (radar) and to
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them with a group below decks and not exposed to radia-
It that.plane crews on the hanger ..
aecks and decks enough tasks and l1v1ng
conditions that comparisons could be made so as to reveal any
major or gross differences. Dr. Kubis and hit> team with the
support uf Commander Pratt and his staff aboard ship would re-
view the personnel records of the two crew populations and select
from them appropriate groups. They would receive physical and
pS}
7
Chological tests during the approximately two weeks that the
ship was scheduled to be docked in Philadelphia. Repeat tests
would be made at intervals while the ship was underway and at
certain scheduled ports-of-call during the following six weeks,
a specific protocol was to be developed.
Discussion centereq on selection criteria and upon what tests
.would be given to the selected groups ..
Physical examination (including a general physical exam):
i. 1.
,. 2 ..
3.
' ' .. -. .
Blood specs for leucocyte genetic evolution
Blood pressure and pulse rate (on arising and after work
cycle)
Discussion related to sending selected representation
to the Philadelphia Naval Hospital for EEG evaluations.
Also, a "microneurological exam" was described which
might be included
Psychological examination was designed by Dr. Kubis and
associates. Dr. Kubis indicated procedures would relate to cog-
nitive, psychomotor, physical efficiency and sensory perception
testing.
Three phases to protocol:
I.
II.
III.
Dockside - two weeks
Toward end of .ten day shakedown
Three to six months later
Meeting adjourned at 4:30p.m. on January 17, 1969.
Minutes respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson, Chairman
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Date Typed - May 15, 1969
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Detailed Minutes of
Pandora Meeting of
7
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17. The need for information on humans in addition
18.
to the accelerated animal studies at Walter Reed
was emphasized. Therefore, it was urged that the
Walter Reed facility develop a human program and
start immediately to develop Phase 1, i.e., to
develop a plan and protocols
a) Suggested putting the human aspect into the
Pandora program rather than in the Walter
Reed stress program.
b) Estimated that human subjects would be re-
quired for six to eight months and that they
could be obtained from Ft. Dietrich.
c) COntrols should also include as many variables
as possible including IQ, memory and performance
testing. Control period should be less than
sixty days. One or more should go through the
entire procedure without exposure, and one or
more with alternating exposure plan. Study
should be double-blind with protection of
eyes and gonads. Shielding of testicles is
recommended.
d) Panel would like to review protocol before
enactment ..
Land-based radar station human study program
be developed to replace or supplement any on-
beard studies at sea.
should
. - , .
. _, .
. Respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson, Chairman
. me
'
Date Typed - May 16, 1969
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Minutes of Pandora Meeting of April 21,
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SUMMARY OF PANDORA MEETING
HELD: April 21, 1969
'
I. .Detailed minutes attached. Same classification and instruc-
tions;
'
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II.'. Meeting organiz;ed in three parts:
,
..
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:> J,, Review of "Big Boy":
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A. Purpose: Elucidate effects on man of microwave
radiation (radar) by comparing ship's crew groups
,:apparently exposed to radiation to groups protected
from radiation (below deck and remote stations).
'.Studies on USS Saratoga in two stages (i) dock side
in preparation for shakedown and (ii) shakedown,
i.e., underway and operational.
B. Findings: No significant differences in psychological
tests performed on the apparently exposed and control
groups. Also, no apparently significant differences
on genetic (leucocyte) and physical findings. Thus,
studies generally proved negative. Detailed report
due from Dr. Kubis .
C. Radiation Findings: Detailed survey of on-board
radiation levels revealed that levels were consider-
. ably lower than anticipated, i.e., cases
levels varied from to 0.03'.mw/cm. and in no case.
: greater than l mw/cm Radars were operating 80 to
90 percent capacity. , .
D. . Surrunary and Conclusions To Date: Saratoga study
verified testing procedures and provided useful in-
formation for developing human radar-field testing.
However, studies were negative since exposures were
. :very low. . \ ; :;> ...
.
General discussion of ARPA contracts relative to bio-
medical .effects of microwave:
.: ';.:: :. :/ -,;-
A.
<
Dr. Brazies studies of CNS tissue exposed to micro-
wave radiation reviewed. Recommendations: to
accelerate contractor's efforts as urgent and to
extend samples. Attempt to get reports from .
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B.
contractor for inclusion in general report to
panel as soon as possi.ble.
Contract with Dr. Ross Adey reviewed. Recommenda-
tions: Although Dr. Adeys efforts bear on the
general problem of the effects of radiation and
fields on CNS functions, they are not directly
contributory to priority ARPA questions. Since he
is furnishing valuabJ.e BEG evaluation services as
well as contributing to the general field, it was
suggested that he be encouragedto deal more directly
with priority questions and also to continue suppcrt
for present. As Walter: Reed capability developes,
if contractors interests tend away from ARPA in
t:erests, support should be phased out:.
.. . . ,
c: New England Institute for Medical Research (Dr. Heller)
program regarded as not contributing directly to
ARPA high priority question although the contractor
has capabilities in the area.
D. Work at Milton Zaret Foundation attempting to con-
: firm or reproduce u. S, s. R. work. R e v i ~ for
information to panel.
E. The Lilienfeld studies conducted several years ago
were reviewed, since a new proposal was being devel-
oped to extend the earJ.ier studies. It was con-
cluded that, due to the size of the Baltimore area
mongoloid population and incidence, the scope of the
study could probably not be increased by more. than
50 percent. It was recommended that (i) scope not
be extended beyond the Baltimore region, e.g.,
Washington area, (ii) that the prOgram be regarded
_ as a multiphase effort and that Phase 1 should be
' funded. If findings of Phase 1 indicated that
... further studies would be promising, then later phases
.:could be CCDnsidered for funding. Thus, proposal
..... should include in-depth follow-up of original cases
as well as new cases uncovered. See detailed minutes
F. : .. Studies of Dr'. Dordario (Johns Hopkins), Dr. Sol
Snyder, and Dr. Justison were reviewed for informa-
. .... tion.
. ..
3. General Discussion
.. - '" ...
A: Priorities of ARPA interests in the microwave field
were reviewed. High p!'iority still assigned t:o
. evaluating the significance of Moscow Signal and
: .... : . also, in the general context, the biomedical effects
..... 'of microwave radiation on humans such that mean-
, ingful safety standards can be set.
: . .
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B:. It was agreed that there is at present insufficJ.ent
evidence to draw conclusions. In answer to ques-
. tions about whether or not other studies (aside
. from those supported by ARPA) are likely to or have
shed light on the problem, it was concluded that the
only known study not included herein was that of
Dr. Jacobson (George Washington School of Medicine)
on young women exposed to Moscow Signal. Findings
may indicate abnormal genetic activities in some of
the women. Significance is not established. There
. .- was general discussion of chromosomal aberrations .
. and its causes. .. , ....
... . . ..... ,
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>-c. 'It wasrecommended that further studies be developed:
: ,:. . . - . .. : . .
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.. .. : Walter Reed facility and program advancement be :,
-< -: ;:: :encouraged. Extend animal studies and initiate
' . y;-human studies. Suggestions for protocols were
-.: . :, . . >_:,:_ e.g., study include four men involved for
.:',_ :Y.>-:', .:,_: six to eight months. . Study to be in two groups
..
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. 4.' ' It. was recommended that the Walter Reed group prepare - .
-:: .and present a detailed review of the field, i.e., their
__ ,.. . .- activities with reports of their findings, protocols,
..... _ .. . etc. , since projects were begw1. Also, a review of
.... relative contract work supported by ARPA and related to
Walter Reed effortsas well as any related studies of
.. others' in field.'.:-'. . :. >>- ': . . .. .. .. ... ,.
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<:;"\;.Respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson, Chairman . ... -
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DETAILED MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF APRIL 21, 1969
Meeting Convened: 0930
IDA Rm. 1-'o.: lOKS
Present:
Science Advisory Committee
or. Joseph E. Barmack
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
*Dr. H. Allen Ecker
Colonel Joseph V. Brady
Dr. Thomas W. Frazier
General Frederic J. Hughes, Jr.
Dr. Joseph F. Kubis
*Mr. T. Daryl Hawkins
Colonel Merrill C. Johnson
Major James T. Mcilwain Dr. Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
Dr. Herbert Pollack
*Mr. John F. Collins {CNO), USN
:Mr. H. Mark Grove, Wright-Patterson AFB
Mr. Albert Rubenstein, ARPA
Mr. Harris B. Stone (CNO), USN
.;:- '
Dr. Pollack reviewed events since previous meeting. He
noted the formation and meeting of a new committee (ERMAC**)
from the Office of Emergency Planning and chaired by Gen-
eral James D. O'Connell to consider microwave radiation.
This panel resulted from legislation setting HEW as the
responsible agent for microwave radiation health considera-
tions. He also noted that a document had appeared by
Mr. Rexford Daniels under contract to the Office of Tele-
communications Management. This document has been classi-
fied. He then noted that "Big Boy" shipboard exercize had
beencompleted insofar as the dock-side and shakedown cruise
activities aboard the Saratoga. Dr. Kubis would be sub-
a report of activities and findings to date
...
Dr. Kubis reviewed "Big Boy" objectives and events to
date:
. '::
A.
:. ...
. ---
Objective: To study certain behavioral and physical
functions of selected crew aboard the Saratoga in
order to ascertain effects of microwave radiation
. on man regarding shedding light on effects of
Moscow Signal, i.e., nonthermal effects (if any)
of radiation of radar origin.
**Electromagnetic Radiation Council
-' ... n..... .
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Detailed Minutes of
Pandora Meeting of 4/21/69
2 ..
. .
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Procedures
1. Three groups of ship's crew were selected:
a) Flight deck crew (eight in number).
Highest levels of exposure expected.
b) Hangared deck crew (fifteen in number).
c Low. levels expected .
':+,
... . .... < :: c)' crews (eight in number) ... No' ; '
. , . ,' ' '' ..''o, exposure expected. '
., ..
.. _,
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.. :2. conducted from 27
:::'.,: through Jan. 30, 1969. Five-man team under
:> Kubis with excellent cooperation of naval
, .; ......
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;" ... medical personnel. {Details will. be included
. dn Dr. Kubis'. report.) Batteries of tests
<" included performance (e.g., aiming, depth,.
perception; etc.) and written procedures . ',,
:Also, base-line physical exams were given.''
' ' ' t ; ,. ' ' ' oi\ ;; .....
'.-;>.3. 'tests were performed while ship was ..
;., .. .'2:<.: under way for shakedown cruise Jan. 30, 1969,
through Feb. 10, 1969.
. .,
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:.:--.:,4 . Summary: . tests were performed in
'i.:: .three days at dock-side, and ninety-two tests
, . were performed at: sea. Forty-seven tests .. '
... ::: represented retesting of control material.
... There were a number of disturbances regarding
shipboard routine, etc., e.g., high noise levels,
P-A system.interrupted activities in "quiet
room;" general quarters, intrusions into i::est
.areas due t:o routines, variable line voltage
;,.""'''.which affected equipment.. Three dock-side test
. days conducted by five-man team; eight sea.:
... .:. r; . . .

was
/ 'it satisfactory and that the interruptions were
..
. - - . '
. '., '
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.: .. not significant. Most test procedures were .
good (0.9);some were poor (greater than. a 1).
. :;. -'
5; iFindings: There were no significant differences
.':in the dock-side tests, i.e., among groups,
.. and there were no significant differences among
"groups. in the under-way tests, i.e;, about
.. so percent showed some increases in performance
. scores. and about 50 percent showed some decreases .
. ,. .It was recommended .that isolated power supply
.. . . .. .;;.for instrumentation be developed if further work _.
' is to 'be done aboard ship. - .. ,.,,,,
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. Pandora Meeting of 4/21/69
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Mr. Mark Grove reviewed the measurements and monitoring
of shipboard radar levels. The ship was swept re two primarl( , ., 6 /
radiation sources, i.e., SPS-30 (S-band radar} and SPS-43 f.l1 tt..:>
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(UHF} search radar, It was expected\from a naval electronics
lab report that there might be greateb than 10m wjcm2 on at tkl r;,
1
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least SO percent of the surface of the\deck (data from destroyers}, d J
Mr, Grove and Dr. Kubis were on ship at 't;he same time but worked
independently. Used RAMCORE dosimeter, power meter with 1
thermistOI'bridge (re from island tO bow, 9 decks. . 4::, /. I
,. In no did measured exceed

I'
with radar operations at SO to 90 percent of
Ranges of findings were in most cases less than . 3 to 0.03 - d- {/ -,
(l!lWjcm2. It was noted that verbal reports from shx board en- O.r.Or
gineers, i.e., engineering center and ship's hazard group, had '

:_;-
indicated these findings. It was suggested that sue reports
had been made to the SEC,.
- ' (
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. c. Discussion:
1. . Cover story considered appropriate and 1<.0rk well
..
(Robert Stone).
;-..
;- ,.,
2. Aircraft radar and HERO effects were discussed;
Effects and indications wel:'e insignificant.
3. Radiation from radar generators considered, i.e.,
50 to 100 XI X-ray genel:'a tion from tubes . Con- .
sidered that lead shielding was adequate. it.
4. Mr. Rubenstein indicated that there were 0.
excellent land-based radar sites which might be .
. as study sites.. . . . . .. . ... .,.,:> . .
5 .. Blcod from Saratoga crew were :
: Colonel Johnson reported that twenty-one samples ()
0
were recovered at San Juan. Seventeen successful ' OJ
: cultures obtained with 28S spreads photogi'aphed. I'? .
,. These were coded for double-blind studies. Code rr
.':':not yet revealed. Although two abnormalities were ---rc;.. ._
. >.found; they were regarded as in normal range. tP, t,
6. Several discussions of genetic aberrations of
.. cyte nuclei covered several areas: _ .
- I - . :. -
a) Colonel Brady's three monkeys exposed to date . .....,. .
at Walter Reed (thirty days) to special signals.
One of these was the initial one showing
.,. abnormal chromosomal changes. Plan now is to cf:,
1
.,. _ get samples during exposure and with larger . y
..
i
I
I
< '
\
}. ..
nnur:es of
. ' .
Meeting of 4/21/69
_tioitt_w.N

Page -4
, '
t , c:;
.
b) Dr. Pollack reported the studies of Dr. Jacobson
at George Washington University who has studied
ycung women returning from embassy in Moscow
(State Dept. contract). One hundred forty blood
samples were examined over a four-year period
. of time. These specimens were identified only
by code numbers. Four of these reportedly
\ , showed serious chromosomal abnormalities.
, \ . <-Colonel Johnson reviewed these reported find-
... \" ings with Dr. Bender of Oakridge .. The latter
. \expressed the opinion that the evidence was .
upon weighted data which may not be ac-
i: the field. , . , ::: ,(<''/;;.:;:
c) Dr.: Johnson described the general character of '
, . c11romosomal abnormalities re probabilities, . . ... .
'. stillborns, mongolism, chemicals, and drugs,":. ..:;: ... '
_., ''-;,_:,. . ":::,.etc;: ... ; It .was described that while bone marrow, .. . , , .'.
, , " "" testicular tissue, etc.; might be better tissue " _;,
. . . :
,. ;,i/j.:-;;;'_.were of 'Korean and WW II veterans relative to .
-,':'.:;:".\the incidence of mongoloid children born to them.
was concluded that the earlier study was not
, . ... :. . J well designed to reveal data regarding current
. ..;interest . ,study indicated that eighteen of ...
. .. twenty-five mongoloid children had fathers who
.. : : ,:.had been .exposed to radar. It is now proposed < :.
.: .. ,I (:.., to expand t:he,.study. in Bkaltimofre anhd possibdly ; .'
in Washington .. , It is 1i ely rom t e .inci ence
. and population-of mongolism that ,the ,number'-'>'..:
cannot be increased beyond SO percent,' i.e.",- .-
twenty-:-five to. about thirty-six.. It was ..
.. ., suggested that th.e original twenty-five and ..
::, . addi:tionalcases should be studied in detail, <
., -t ' '" ' - .., ..
,:. cytogenetic 'studies of testicles
c:_, . .'-!' .. ,.;:lymphocytes .. It is also concluded that the ' ". ': ::, :> _ ..
not answer. the question. It was :,-, .. , ___ .. ' .,
"'". (: : :.'.'. -: .:: l?roposed that the _study should cost $100,000; . .: .. .
,,.,>,,,,; .. .. from ARPA and $50,000 from NIH. The ' .....
should be to validate the earlier .
, . ' study; i.e. , cross-validation seems appropriate, ... :.... :.
." --- .:
.. ::
The st:udy. may be. regarded as in three phases. ' ' : ..: :
Phase 1 may be supported.: 'Later phases should. :::'. :.: ..
. not be funded unless Phase 1 defines an appro- . ..... :
.. study, i.e.',: a milestonedecision .. ::;:

,r. .
)1: : . Minutes of . . .
if' Pandora Meeting of 4/21/69
Page 5
.
-' ., :"
.i __ ..
7.
8.
General discussion concluded that additional work
is required to investigate whether or not appro-
priate radiation levels and type have genetic
effects on man. Shipboard versus land-based
studies were discussed. 'It was concluded that
land-based radar studies be seriously con-
sidered and planned if appropriate. Details of
George Washington University study were lacking
to the group.
Dr. Brazies' (New Orleans) studies on material
sent from Walter Reed are not completed as yet.
Contractor does not know what the exposure isnor
"'; . in which animals. (Does know that it is microwave.)
He reported that one monkey (exposed to special '
signal) showed significant changes in the auditory
and visual cortex but not in deeper structures.
He is now studying two other monkeys and four dogs.
These reports are. due this year.
It was concluded that
to proceed as rapidly
urgency.
the contractor should be urged
as possible, i.e., with
' '. .-
- ....
. 9. It was concluded that more animals should be ex-
posed and studied, There was discussion of the
new facilities developing at Walter Reed. They
are expected to be completed soon.
10. Contract with Dr. Ross Adey reviewed. Adey's
studies have been concerned with modulated A. M.
(3 to 10 cps) and C. W. (4.6, 2 v/meter) and S-
band radar modulated with EEG. He is continuing
monkey studies regarding EEG and reaction-time.
. He has a contract with Northrup for the study of
... reaction times in electrostatic fields. It is .
felt that,although Dr. Adey's work is not directly
concerned with the important questions of tne ef-
.' .. fects of VHF on CNS function and that of exciluJling
the electrical effects as artifacts, his 1'/0rk is .
related to the general field of the effects of
radiation and CNS function. Also, he is assisting
Walter Reed with EEG evaluation and data processing.
Current level of support is about $135,000 annually,
It was concluded that Dr. Adey should be informed
that his own priorities-and work trends are not
entirely matched with those of ARPA. Although
his work is related to the general field and is of
considerable assistance to the Walter Reed effort,
it is thought that his support might be phased out
in a year or two after the Walter Reed facility is
.better developed.
. .
- . .:
. . ..
-.:.:
.'
\
' ...
Detailed Minutes of
Pandora Meeting of 4/21/69
6
.:; ; ..
':.
',- .
' :
.... _
: '" .
;' . : .> ,.
c:-:..'
'.
""' ' .-,
' ...
- --- ...
.'- .
. _,
-<.
ll. A contract already funded by ONR with New England
Institute for Medical Research (Dr. Heller) was
reviewed. It was suggested that thecontent of
this work is not directly appropriate to this
subject although that institute has a
facility.
12. A contract with the Milton Zaret Foundation of
,, Scarsdale,. New York, was reviewed. Contractor
.. :also uses facilities of Brooklyn_ Polytechnical
. , .. Institute. Work primarily in 700 p.p.s. (J.lO u
. , ." ' sec.) range. Is attempting to confirm or repro-
.. duce Myrra, Czechoslovakia, work, i.e., production
.:. of differences in heart rate at subthermal.levels.
,, . This review was for information . .. :. . .
, 'i3 .: ... .contracts were also reviewed:
. .. ',a) D;;. L M.,
: .' ,. C .... W. ,: S-band frequency work on monkeys.
,.,_.
} Sol
neuropharmacological effects, e.g.,
.. . , .. rates of norepinephrine and serotoni]\ .
. .. ' ' "
. . ., c) Dr: Justison (Kansas City, Missouri) using
microwave. Tappin oven is studying hypnot).r: and
.soporific effects of low power level micro-
. ., .... waves. It is thought that the geometry of the
oven may provide higher power levels than
.predicted. .
.. :. . ; . ?.-:::-.. '; . ,.
. 14., It was that'current in the area
. ::' is. $500,000 .outside and $200,000 in-house (does
::- :-. not include reconstruction and development costs
.. at W.alt_er Reed or computer facility).
1
,; ' -
It is' that the new facility providing
threechambers and data processing including
(Hewell.Packard) general purpose computing, record
and reproduce capability for time series, coherence,
cross..- and auto-correlations, etc. , and real time
capability will be ready between mid-June and August.
.. . . '" ' ._ ;'i ...
.. 16 . : The priority of .questions of interest. to ARPA was
' : discussed. It was reiterated that the elucidation
; " .. ;i of the Moscow Signal remains as a high priority
.. .: ..... :question within the general field of the effects
. ... , .of .microwave radiation on man in order that safety
. . .. '.:.:.standards may be rationally developed. It was
' :''.:_:also noted that, aside from the work of.Dr. Jacobson,
.-:there was apparen;tly no other relative work being
,: ::,: :: conducted by Fed&,. s. .: .. .

=
Minutes of Pandora Meeting of May 12, 1969
. . . .. . ' I Q.
' r:;,"'l :T"f:l
,; a . .. .' JL
the panel expressed some concern that the experi-
ment, as defined by the protocol, might result in findings
which would be difficult to characterize as definite indica-
tions of effects of the signal on man, i.e., the problems of
characterizing changes in each individual and as his own control
and of satisfying criteria of group statistics. It was recom-
mended that at least one of the subjects and perhaps two go
through the entire procedure except that they not be exposed
to the signal. The fact that there are to be two rooms would
facilitate this approach.
(S) There also continuing concern expressed regarding the
effects of the signal on the measuring system itself, i.e.,
signal artifacts. The panel recommended continued scrutiny
of this problem. The panel requested an up-to-date bibliog-
raphy of the effects of microwaves on biological systems. It
was noted that there is a recent article in the Canadian
JOURNAL OF
Respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson, Chairman
me
Date TYPed - June 4, 1969
I
,
. ;
'. .... '
'
' ........ ;.
Minutes of Pandora Meeting of May 12, 1969 (U)
..:.:.l:
= -:-., J.:>:Jt< '- :--' ,_':;'.".';i;,
13. \rs. ::.: -::;.; ;::c ;:;.;, ;;-..
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s
~ e e t i n g Convened: 0930
~ IDA Rm. No.: lOKS
DA
Present:
Science Advisory Committee
Dr. Joseph E. Barmack
Dr. H. Allen Ecker
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Colonel Joseph V. Brady
.General Frederic J. Hughes, Jr.
Dr. Joseph F. Kubis
Dr. Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
Dr. Herbert Pollack
Dr. Thomas W. Frazier
Mr. T. Daryl Hawkins
Colonel Merrill C. Johnson
Major James T. Mcilwain
Dr. John F. Collins (CNO), USN
Mr. H. Mark Grove, Wright-Patterson AFB
Mr. Albert Rubenstein, ARPA
(S) The primary order of business was the preliminary protocol
proposal for human studies which was requested at the previous
meeting on April 21, 1969. The protocol had been distributed
toward the end of the previous week and, therefore, had not been
received by many of the panel. Time to pursue the proposal was
taken before discussion began.
(S) Dr. Brady noted that the proposal had been the combined
effort of himself, Thomas Frazier, Merrill Johnson, and Daryl
Hawkins and d.esired the advice of the committee on the ninety-
day protocol. Dr. Brady noted that they had considered two
basic strategies: (i) assumes that there is an effect of the
signal (based upon previous experience) and the protocol is
designed to maximize the yield and (ii) assumes that there may
or may not be an effect (nue hypothesis) and the protocol would
include "extreme" operations, i.e., high-forcing functions and
large "n"s. If an effect is seen,. then fine responses are
defined.
(S) In view of previous experiences and evidence available,
the first alternative was chosen, i.e., based upon the assumption
that there is an effect. Therefore, protocol is an attempt to
optimize economic considerations, use small "n"s and primarily
to define the effects of the signal.
(S) The panel discussed the over-all strategy and alternatives
and agreed with Dr. Brady. Also, re human experiments, this
approach regarded most defensible as a prerequisite to more
demanding studies, if needed.
,
.. . -';

Minutes of Pandora of May 12, 1969 .

.. r: :;. .. .; ; . ,..,. .. , . ;..
. ... ..;-t.J, ....., .. .., u .. ..:...;:.J Gt at..;i;J
was noted that a major question regarding any such study
to the evaluation of behavioral effects since the spec-
trum of possibilities is so broad compared to physical evalua-
tion. Thus, the major part of the discussion related to
behavioral aspects of the program. It was also noted that any
energy form, if large enough, will produce biological effects.
It was agreed that the signal used would be the special signal
at the levels developed and used with the primates, i.e.,
between 4.5 and 5 mw/cm2. Discussion revealed several distinct
questions:
(i) Because the "n" is small (eight subjects) there, the
question was raised as to whether the protocol l'lill permit the
characterization of the individual, i.e., the individual as his
own control and at the same time to also permit the characteriza,
tion of the group, i.e., significance of the findings in in-
dividuals in a small "n" group.
(ii) To what extent is the instrumentation appropriate to
carry out the objectives of the experiment, e.g., signal beam
incidence, range of power levels, polarization, etc. The protocol
had not detailed the electromagnetic aspects of the experimental
design. Also, 1vhat are the effects, if any, of the signal on
the instrumentation, e.g., EEG electrodes?
(iii) What are the dependent variables re behavior?
(iv) What are the considerations relative to
physical (biomedical) parameters re two purposes:
of the subject's general health and as scientific
of signal?
monitoring the
as a monitor
data re effects
(v) What are the classification considerations of the pro-
gram re its management and scientific effectiveness?
(S) The discussion provided consensus regarding these points as
follows:
DOD regards the general line of effort to aquire human-based
data on effects of the signal, with appropriate safeguards, as
a high priority. ARPA believes that the entire effort should
be classified for several reasons. It was urged that DOD provide
written security specifications and guide for the program.
(S) An appropriate cover relates to the purpose of the program
to evaluate the validity of U. S. s. R. reports that nonthermal
effects of nonionizing radiation are significant.
(S) It is urged that the special signal (or any improved signal,
i.e., to better simulate the Moscow signal) be used. Currently,
.... _,.'

Minutes of Pandora Meeting of May 12, 1969
Page .3
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-producing
2
available equipment can develop
or 20 mw/cm Monkey studies have been done at
4.6 mw/cm2, Alsorecommendation to use same carrier frequency.
While polarization can be varied, it was urged that the same
polarization (radiation beam toward back of animal and verti-
cal) be used in humans but that absorbent seat and gonadal
protection be provided. While posterior presentation is
utilized, protection of eyes should be considered .
(S) It recommended that a medical examination function
be established as a separate entity from the research function.
Thus, the physical well-being of the subjects would be ascer-
tained and reviewed periodically by medical expertise, which
is not directly associated with the purpose of the effort.
This medical examining function would not be privy to Pandora
but would be given the cover story. It was noted that this
separate examination procedure, if properly defined, could
provide useful data as well as a safety check for the program.
General Hughes thought that such a medical evaluation function
could be arranged through the commander of vlalter Reed.
In view of the fact that the morphological changes (cytological)
which have been found in the CNS of animals exposed to the
signal appeared in the visual cortex (as well as other areas),
flicker fusion studies should be incorporated into the medical
examination. Also, slit lamp and visual field checks should
be made and audiograms done. It was also recommended that a
separate psychiatric evaluation should be accomplished before
and after the study. It was not resolved as to whether there
should be separate psychiatric screening in addition to the
research program screening procedures. This separate medical
function or task force may be referred to as the medical
monitoring task force." It was recommended that a specific
chain-of-command be established to be certain that in the
changing personnel structure of Walter Reed, the appropriate
responsibilities are established,and thus, the research team
will know whom to work. through re the medical monitoring
function. It was recommended that the medical monitoring
procedure include:
slit lamp examination: initially 90 days, 180 days
visual fields examination: initially 90 days, 180 days
*audiogram: initially 90 days, 180 days
EOG: once per week
""''Physician perform general check-up once per week
*At: end of day
M:Have responsibility to be certain that all data are entered
on record
1
. A .. 1
I- " IL I
. \ .
----- --- - ------ ---- 1- r
Minutes of Pandora Meeting of June 18, 1969 (U)
(Final)
Minutes Prepared By: Lysle H. Peterson
Th! doeum*:'!f c"t--:ti:'I"J
th11 n,:.tl.,r.al of u.,::ed .Staltu wart.
b t!lo r.1n::b9 of tho E::>r:onaq T:UJ
HI, U.S. Coc!, Secti:::ns 1!i3 cn.d 194, Ths
or the tvv!l'::::rtion cl Its eontent:J
b a:ny mct11t1eor to an PfmiOQ. is
prohib.itad. b:r law, .
oormGRADED AT rz YEAR
YALSJ NGT AUTOMATICALLY .
DOD DIR 62CD,fD

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t..._vl_ , , f
-----'/- - f !7' c i Copy _________ o -------- op es
NINUTES OF PANOORA MEETING OF JUNE 18, 1969
Meeting COnvened: 0930
Meeting Adjourned: 1700
IDA Rm. No.: lOKS
Present:
Science Advisory COmmittee
Dr. Joseph E. Barmack
*Dr. James N. Brown
Dr. H. Allen Ecker
Dr. Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
Dr. Herbert Pollack
*Dr. Lawrence Sher
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Colonel Joseph V. Brady
Dr. Thomas W. Frazier
Mr. T. Daryl Hawkins
Colonel Merrill C. Johnson
Major James T. Mcilwain
Mr. RichardS. Cesaro, ARPA
*First Attendance
Dr. John J. Collins, (CNO), USN
Mr. H. Mark Grove, Wright-Patterson AFB
Mr. Albert Rubenstein, ARPA
Absent: Dr. Joseph Kubis, Science Advisory Committee
Dr. Joseph C. Sharp, N. Y. State Dept. of Health
Mr. Harris B. Stone, (CNO), USN
(S) The minutes of the previous meeting (Hay 12, 1969)
were discussed. Dr. Peterson explained that the questions
regarding the WRAIR protocol were stated as those which were
raised for discussion at that meeting. The discussion asso-
ciated with these questions resulted in a general agreement
that the protocol in general provided an appropriate initial
approach with human subjects. Furthermore, the nature of
the problem together with constraints of available time,
facilities, personnel and funds, and the scope of the approach
result in statistical problems from the use of a small "n."
A protocol using significantly more subjects would be more
desirable but would delay the program considerably. It was
agreed that for the first approach, the small "n" would be
acceptable. The primary purpose of this meeting {June 16,
1969) was to consider the apprOach in more detail and to
hear reports from ARPA and WRAIR regarding broad approaches
to the solution of the Pandora and related problems:
-um--
'Minutes of the Pandora Meeting
2

,, . .,. ' - - .. ' ' . ... ! __ , ...
aro reminded the Committee ol'tiii:'! [
and high priority which ARPA assigns to the Pandora program;
it is important to make major advanc'es in solving the problem
in FY 70; the Advisory Committee was invited to give as much
attention and creative thinking to the problem as it can.
He defined the Advisory Committee's role and that its ef-
fectiveness would be enhanced by maintaining a close and con-
tinuing association with the Walter Reed group. His view
of the overall problem was summarized:
l. Investigcttive programs should be designed to
take major bites at the problem to achieve
definite indications of whether or not there
are effects on humans of microwaves under con-
ditions simulating, as closely as
the Moscow signal. Furthermore, he urged that
the experimental programs be relevant to the
Pandora problem and provide significant re-
sults, negative or positive. He reminded the
Committee that, conversely, it would be inap-
propriate to follow paths which while they
might be interesting scientifically, would not
be relevant to the problem.
2. While there is evidence that low energy (less
than 10 mw/cm2) R.F. radiation does penetrate
to the CNS in primates, a significant and
relevant question is how the penetration occurs,
i.e., the mechanism relnicrowave characteristic
and biomedical engineering principles. Such
questions relate to whether or not the Moscow
signal is unique and to whether the Soviets
have special insight into the effects and use
of athermal microwave radiation on man. The
WRAIR experience indicates that C. W. has no
effect, but modulation does.
3, There appears to be interrelationships of signal
time and biological effects, which should be
evaluated, i.e., biological on-off effects phased
to the on-off character of the signal, i.e.,
short response times, intermediate and long time
. effects together with intermittent and long
exposures, i.e., at least nine combinations
possible.
4. The biomedical effects may include (i) physio-
logical, (ii) behavioral, and (iii) genetic.
Each general class re short and long time effects
should be evaluated.
..
1-ltnutes
Page 3
of the Pandora Meeting of 6/18/69 .

- ..
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...ri .. --= \.-... .J .:;rr. ,.;l_
. i_".-.:? - -
Man should be emphasized as the object in the
investigations both because he is the obvious
recipient and because he is in many ways a
more effective reporter of effects.
6. Behavioral investigations should include at-
titudinal (subjective) considerations and
measures.
(S) Discussion centered next on details of the WRAIR
protocol. There was a'concensus among the WRAIR and Committee
members that the general approach of the protocol is appro-
priate and that in the initial stages of the effort, many
"on-the-spot" decisions would have to be made becaus.e of the
uncertainty of aspects of the program. As these uncertainties ,
are clarified, the protocol would become better defined. The
areas considered which require initial exploration to provide
better definition are:
1. Exposure: It was the concensus that the aim
should be to duplicate or simulate the Moscow
environment as much as appropriate to solve the
problem. Since exposure to the Moscow signal
tended to be over an eight- to ten-hour period,
it is thought that the exposure of subjects to
the Special Signal should approximate that time
frame. Furthermore, the primate findings were
based on a seven-day, ten hours each day,
exposure. It is suggested that the protocol
indicate exposures up to eight to ten hours
each day rather than the one-hour cycle pro-
viding four hours total per day.
2. The instrumentation artifact question re possible
E. E. G. recordings be explored vigorously. Tne
differences between primate and man with respect
to head dimensions, effect of beam incidence,
etc., must be reviewed and analyzed.
3. The physiological and medical monitoring include
the array noted in the minutes of May 12, the
matrix presented by Dr. Mcilwain, portable ECG
for continuous monitoring and the utilization
of lower-body, negative-pressure plethysmography
(LBNPP). It is recognized that the Soviet
literature refers extensively to cardiovascular
effects of microwave radiation. The nature of
the reported behavior of the cardiovascular
system requires relatively continuous monitoring
to characterize significant effects from normal
variations. Also, it is recognized that LBNPP
is an accepted and relatively sensitive measure
(' .. _

( ! /
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the Pandora !1eeting of 6/18/69
. . -. -., .H _,t -.,. . .,. ,..,., ..... ..., ,... "'"'l" D
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. .. . . '' ":tflt.'''
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of cardiovascular "deconditioning" (in the physio-
logical sense). In addition to the special
tests, the medical monitor would be responsible
for the routine physical examination, regular
daily inspection of subjects and to adhere to
the responsibilities associated with AR 70-25.
These procedures would be worked out through
the Office of the Surgeon General, Dept. of the
Army, and jointly with WRAIR operational group
and relative to security requirements defined
by ARPA. ARPA agreed to present, in writing,
the security requirements for the program.
(S) The Committee recognizes that a period of uncertainty
exists in the early phases of developing such a program and '
that the program director will require a degree of latitude
in conducting pilot experiments before finalizing a detailed
protocol. The Advisory Committee agreed to work closely with
WRAIR in considerations of refinements of the protocol.
(S) The Committee to conduct "brainstorming" sessions
relative to the general Pandora problem in the context of ARPA'S
interests and responsibilities. The Committee expressed a need
for more, yet manageable, literature review and information
relative to the problem especially re the Soviet literature
and from \vhat:ever sources useful information could be obtained.
It was agreed that Dr. Pollack and Dr. Mcilwain would assemble
a "package" of useful documents to .be distributed to the Com-
mittee. , There was general discussion about various docu:nents
knovm to the attendees. It was agreed that: several documents
were relevant and appropriate, e.g., the IDA analysis due out
soon, a document: by Dr. Robert D. Turner, U. S. A. Standards
document, the ERMAC report, a report by Castlr and Dodge, one
by Castle, one by Thompson, and the Presman It was
also agreed that ARPA would make available, to the Committee,
any information that is relevant_to the problem. It was also
agreed that the agenda of the Advisory COmmittee would auto-
matically include a call for a progress report and rele-
vant information from Committee members, WRAIR, and ARPA.
{S) Dr. Mcilwain and Data COrporation representatives
presented a demonstration of the BEER project: and application
of a computer-based information storage and retrieval system
to provide rapid access to files on microwave related informa-
tion. It is expected that user needs and responses will._ soon
be tested by ARPA and WRAIR.
(S) A correction of the minutes of May 12 is noted, i.e.,
that Dr. Mcilwain participated as a principal in developing
the WRAIR protocol. '
1
'
"

..

h Minutes of the
Page 5
(U) The next meeting is scheduled for July 16, 1969.
Respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson, Chairman
me
Date Typed: June 30, 1969
... ;
..:.
of the Pandora
. '"' ,. ft ,.,.. "" .....
. ' , '' : r . ,, . . . ,.,_,I.-,_ -D
. .. .,
'I ,. , , .,.. _
invited as early as i"t!.u' 'l ;f!
notified of the material requested. A list of possible
agenda items for the future was developed, and it was
expected that this list would be considered appraised by
Committee members and an agenda for the next meeting de-
fined on or about August l. It was agreed that the next
meeting would be scheduled for August 12 and 13.
(U) The meeting was adjourned at 1700.
Respectfully submitted by Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
me
Date Typed: July 31, 1969
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MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF JULY 16, 1969
Meeting Convened: 0930
Heetinq Adjourned: 1700
Neetinq Held: 0930 to 1330 at Building 503, Forrest Glen
Annex of the Walter Reed Hospital
1400 to 1700 at IDA Rm. No. lOKS
Present:
Science Advisory Committee Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Dr. Joseph E. Barmack
Dr. James N. Brown
Dr. H. Allen Ecker
Dr. Joseph Kubis
Dr. Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
Dr. Herbert Pollack
Dr. Lawrence Sher
Colonel Joseph V. Brady
Dr. Thomas W. Frazier
Mr. T. Daryl Hawkins
Colonel Merrill C. Johnson
Major James T. Mcilwain
Mr. RichardS. Cesaro, ARPA
,,
*First Attendance
Dr. John J. Collins, (CNO), USN
Mr. H. Mark Grove, Wright-Patterson AFB
Mr. Albert Rubenstein, ARPA
*Dr. Stanley Marder, IDA
Dr. Joseph C. Sharp, N. Y. State Dept.
" of Health. ? 4 F[::J <o.,.-,
Absent: Mr. Harris B. Stone, (CNO), USN
(S) The meeting was convened at 0930 at Building 503,
Forrest Glen Annex, Walter Reed Hospital. The purpose of
the meeting at Walter Reed was to review the developments
of the facilities and programs re site, to review schedule
for completion of the program and to give new Committee
members the opportunity to see the laboratories.
(S) Major Mcilwain and Mr. Grove led a presentation
of schedules to complete the development of the facilities:
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._,Min.l,ltes of the
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Generator Equipment
Amplif. Equipment
Other Related Equipment
Anecholic ch (3):.
Building
Delivery ( ) )
In Operation ( ( )
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H. P. 2U6B,
(S) Discussion included estimates of signal stability,
flexibility, and obsolescence of system. Mr. Grove indicated
that satisfactory stability could be expected re 15 ft. cube,
that the system was modular and could be expanded, and that
range extended from 250 megahertz to 10 gigahertz.
(S) Discussion then focused upon the relevance of the
signals to the Moscow signal. It was stressed again that the
signal used in the forthcoming experiments should (i) be com-
parable to previous experiments at the laboratory, (ii) be
relevant to the Pandora problem, {iii) the signal characteris-
'tics be calibrated periodically as referenced to a standardi-
zation technique and (iv) possible signal artifacts {i.e.,
signals recorded from biomedical transducers due to direct
effects of the microwave input in contrast to microwave input
effects on the biomedical system) should be elucidated and
evaluated.
(S) Discussion also focused upon the software program,
i.e., the evaluation of data via computer system. r.lr. Grove
'and Major Mcilwain defined three software areas: (i) that
developed by Ross Adey at U, C. L.A., (ii) that developed
for the internal logic of the equipment to be delivered
(H.P. 211GB and related system), and (iii) software needed
to extend and interface with (i) and (ii). The U. C. L. A.
program had been developed to test an array of statistical
parameters re EEG signals on the equipment at U. C. L. A.
vlRAIR has selected from the total U. C. L. A. program certain
aspects which were felt necessary for the WRAIR needs, e.g.,
auto- and cross-correlation, auto- and cross-power.spectra,
average transients and certain standard statistical process-
ing. These were packaged into the logic of the equipment
being delivered by Hewlett Packard. WRAIR felt that there
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of the Pandora Meeting of 7/16/69
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the U. C. L. A. programs (e.g., coherence
functions) that were not needed. To duplicate the
U. C. L. A. software program would have been too costly
and would require too extensive a hardware package. Thus,
the special computer package approach was taken. It was
not anticipated that extensive, additional software would
be needed but that if so, contracting would be more appro-
priate than developing extensive in-house programming
capability.
(S) In summary, the WRAIR presentation concluded that:
1. The facility (at least two chambers operational)
would be ready for experimental work by mid-
October unless unexpected delays occurred.
2, The signal characteristics would be comparable to
previous work and that a calibration procedure
would be adopted.
(NOTE: Discussion indicated that the calibration
question related to defining the characteristics
to be calibrated rather than to capability to
calibrate, i.e., to define spectral and energy
characteristics to be measured for calibration
and standardization.)
3. With the planned program and facilities, the ex-
perimental artifact question could be approached
within the inherent uncertainty levels. It is
known that EEG experimental artifacts do occur
. and that the question remains as that in a given
experiment how much of the recorded response is
artifact, i.e., in levels at different EEG
frequencies, to what extent is the living brain
required. It is expected that the autospectral.
analogies will be helpful. A two- or three-
month program using monkeys is planned.
(S) The Committee reconvened in executive session after
lunch at Room lOKS in IDA to review the present status of
. the program in the light of Hr. Cesaro's charge to the
Committee. It was agreed that the Committee would partici-
pate in certain working sessions devoted to specific problem
areas and, whenever appropriate, do so in subgroups relative
to the particular expertise involved, would conduct "brain-
storming" sessions relative to the overall Pandora question
and the various components of the program, and structure
agenda for periodic, approximately monthly, meetings such
that orderly progress should occur. Furthermore, contributors
. . ' .
':
MINUTES OF THE ?i\NiX:lR.I\ 1lEETINGS OF hUGUST 12 <Jnd 13, 1969 fJD.
iiinutes PreDetY.'ed By!
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Lysle'H. Peterson, Chairman
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DR A F T
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MINUTES OF PANDORA NEETINGS OF AUGUST 1?. and 13, 1969 (U)
l1eeting Convened: 0900 on August 12 and 13
Heetinq Adjourned: 1700 on August 12
1300 on August 13
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Neeting Held: IDA Room No. lOKS
Present:
I
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on August 12 and 13
3cience Advisory Committee
- ~ l -
The follO\vincr attend':'d Aucr. 12 onlv:
Joseph E. Barmack
Ja'!les N. BroiVn
H. Allen Ecker
Joseph Kubis
11r. T. Daryl Hawkins, \'JRAIR
Major James T. Mcil11a in, v.'RAIR
1
'Mr. Daniel Sullivan, A . ~ P A
L . Peterson, Chairman
Pollack, Executive Secretary
e Sher
*First Attendance
Absent: Colonel Joseph V. Brady, v.'RAIR
Hr. Richard S. Cesaro, ARPA
Dr. John J. Collins, ( CNO), USN
Dr. Thomas W. Frazier, vli:U\IR
t1r. H. Hark Grove, \'/right-Patterson AFB
Colonel Merrill C. Johr.son, v/RAIR
Mr. Albert Rubenstein, ARPA
Dr. Joseph C. Sharp, N. Y. State Dept. of Health
Mr. Ha;;-ris B, Stone, (CNO), USN
(S) I. The. minutes of the July 16 meeting wer: approved with
minor modifications, such.as the omission of the fact that
'
the Committee had requested a written summary of the \IRAIR
program .t? date and'an oral presentation of the basic data .
. S) Dr. Peterson reviEMed''the purpoce of the meetings (August 12
andl3) as principally that defined at the previous
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of the Pandoril
of fugust. 12 and 13, 1969
meeting:
A. To have a detuiled, full review presented by 1\'RAIR
of the background findings of the Pandora/I'IRAIR
primate studies from their inception to present.
Specifically:
( i) A of
the program.
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the background for the development of
{ii) Considerations of the expected sensitivity and
relevance of the tests used in the program.
(iii) Revie>l all findings from all expeviments.
(iv) Review current protocol for future program.
B. To hear Dr. Ecker's report on .. the of his sub-
committee, which was asked to look into the hardware
systems being developed for future work in the program
at \'JRAIR .
. C. To discuss follow-up of Big Boy project.
The Committee was then; in the remaining time, available
to conduct "brain sessions," as requested by Mr. Cesaro.
3) . III. Major }lcilwain presented his analysis and conclusions of
the program. It is noted that although
Colonel Joseph Brady> Dr. Joseph Sharp, and Hr. Nark Grove
were invited, they Here unable to attend this meeting.
Also, Hessrs. Cesaro and Rubenstein were unable to attend
because of conflicting duties; they were represented
by Ht'. Diln Sullivan. The Committee's summary of Najor Me-
Ilwain
1
s review is as foll011s:
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The experimental
by Drs. Brady and Sharp with Dr. Sharp being assigned
primary, direct responsibility for the operational conduct
of the experimental program. The earliest studies were
pilot studies. The same signal has been used throughout
the study except for ,varied strength. This signal was
selected from the "l1oscow signal" tapes by a group repre-
.. senting various agencies. !1r. Mark Grove has had a major
responsibility for providing the hardv1are to generate the
selected "special" signal for 1'/RAIR. Primate behavior
measures were chosen by WRAIR as the primary indicators.
of an effect of the special signal. Studies comparing
exposed and unexposed behavior were divided into three
groups: 1. Reaction times, 2. Detection, and 3. Multiple
schedule studies.
1. Reaction Time: Tv1o types of experiments were performed
. 2
on tlvO monkeys at 4.6 m11/cm ;
(i) Shock avoidance (No. 682) 250 trials/day in midday
. period and (Animal No. 683) 500 trials/day; both
a.m. and p.m. periods.
Results;
(a) No significant differences betv;een experimental
(exposed) and nonexposed periods, and no ,signifi-
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cant differences between a.m. and p.m. trials.
>
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Conclusion: Special signal (in \IRJHR program)
!
has no significant effect on reaction
I
time under the shock avoidance test
procedures.
(ii) Food Reward:. Animals No. 782 with
.and 783 with 30 days' exposure 4.6
33 days
1
exposure
2
mw/cm ,
Results: No effects on median performance and some
tendency for the interquartile range to
change. Discussion: Previously the cha.n,re
in the interquartile range was interpreted
as an :effect io;hich "slowed down" the monkey,
presumably due to the special signal.
Dr. Mcilwain, ho11ever, concluded that with
a more complete analysis, the finding could
be interpreted as an effect of the experi-
mental program itself and not necessarily
due to the signal.
Conclusion: The effect of the \'.'RAIR signal on
. reaction time under the food rewc<.rd
test procedures was indetemiriate.
2. Detection: In this stimulus substitution design, the
animal, trained to one stimulus, is then trained to respond
conditionally to a second stimulus. An attempt was made
to train the animal' to respond to microwaves as the second
stimulus. Shock avoidance the response. One monkey
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of the Pandora Meetings of August 12 and 13, 1959
Page 5
second monkey \1as exposed to 20 .mv1/cm
2
at 60--second
intervals.
Results: No significant detection elicited by either
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monkey.
Conclusion: The animals showed no response to the microwave
signal at least in this regimen.
3. l1ultivle Schedule: This was regarded as the most
critical aspect of the experirnental program and in-
valved learr.ing performances for nine sessions on four
monkeys, using a progressive, fixed ratio re11ard (PRl,)
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and alternating with 'a differential reinforcement o:f
low riltes (DRL). Six measures were examined using 4.6
. I 2
mw em as average field strength of the signal:
(i) DRL distributions
(ii) Latency of the DRL
(iii) Average number of time-out responses
(iv) Average time per time-out
(v) Average pause time for each ratio step
(vi) Average running time vlithin each ratio step
Of these, the only measure that showed any possible signifi-
cant effect was the DRL distribution mea&ure, but the data w-:;re
internally contt'adictory. A fut'ther analysis was made
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of (i) the numbet' of unintet'preted pauses exceeding ten
. .
minutes, ( ii) work stoppages for any reason, including
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equipment
earned.
Results: In tv:o of the nine sessions in vlhich the full-
pov1er special signal was used, uninterpretable data 11ere
obtained either because of equipment malfunction or the
use of reinfol'cement "schedules (which certain types
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of stoppages) were recognized as contributin\)" themselves
to 11ork stoppages. I!l tv1o of the nine sessions, there
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was no effect of the signal; in three (or four) of the
nine sessions, there v1ere effects, but they were not
cummulative; in one or possibly sessions, there v:ere
unexplained v:ork sto;>pages v1hich, in the light of the
total experience, appear to be random variations
as often in control as in exposed session0.
Conclusions: There is no convinci:>;; evic2l1Ce of <111
effect of the special signal on the of mon::.eys.
In addition, Dr.: Mcilwain uckr'<o'..;l:t:_:::d t:'lat th0
studies had primarily involved bc:,.:;:c:.:"": .,:c.12j:;;::; 1-lith
little effort made to analy;:e io:,:
e.g., cardiovascular.
I
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The Committee 11as to) t:.l '' ' ..... - ... """ .. ;,
had the opportunity to pr::.::
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. elusions to Drs. Sharp an I i<r...:!:: . :::c--:: :, . ::.;.!
and informally conferred
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Committee had not prcvio'' ,.,. ' ' ....
....... - ..._ .. .. ..... .. ......... ,... ,1' ._,; .. h 'J .. f
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!!inutes of the Pandora
8
consideration related to Dr. i'lcilwain's presentation as
well. The Committee felt strongly that the character
of the signal itself should be reviewed in the light of
previous events. The Committee thereby requested in-
formation concerning the analysis and logic, which led
"
to the selection of the particular "special" signal
developed for and utilized by the \IRAIR program, It
appeared that complete. analysis of the 1-!oscmv signal
had not been accomplished prior to the selection. It
was the opinion of the Committee that a thorough spectral
analysis of the l<loscO\v signal viaS tephnically and economi-
Cally feasible and should be undertaken for the follo;.Jing
reasons:
1. To establish a sounder basis for the design of a.
signal to be used as the "most significant and
rele;ant" components of the Hosco\1 signal to test:
the biomedical effects of the signal.
2. To permit proper choice of in,strulllentation and

equipment to simulate the signal in experiments.
3. In the event of findings in initial experi-
ments, to provide ;a basis for defining alternative
signals or for reproduction of the 11oscow signal
it:self ..
Thqs, if there is reason to believe that particular
forms of signals hold the "key" to the bio-
medical effects (if any) of the NosC0\1 sign<.ll, then any
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analysis of the \IRAIR program findings, it 11as apparent
that the conclusions presented earlier by Dr. Sharp
significantly different from those of Dr. l1cilwain.
The Committee felt that because of the importance
of these differences; the program principals,
Drs. Brady, Sharp, l1cih:ain, etc., should attempt to
resolve the inconsistencies of their conclusions. The
significant differences are, of course, llhether or ne>t
there are established effects of the special signal on
primate behavior as evidenced from the IIRAIR program.
It was also noted that no technical report had been
\Vritten regarding the progra.m to date. Dr. r!cilwain
ag,reed to furnish the Committee with a 1vritten summary
of his presentation .. 'l'he Committee expressed the desire
to analyze the ra11 data themselves.
IV. Dr. H. Allen Ecker presented the findings of his sub-
committee on the functions and characteristics of the
instrumentation being developed for the expanded \iRAIR
program. (See minutes of July 16.) A vlritten summary
of Dr. Ecker's report is appended (Exhibit A). In dis-
cuss ion, it VIas concluded that the capacity of the in-
strumentation exceeds present requirements, but the
ratiOn,"ll that if the progrum is expanded and extended,
that added requirements develope, is probably sound.
Discussion regarding the special signal 11as
until after Dr. Ecker's present.:ttion although this
1 (l lr ....

Minutes of
9
analysis. To date, the analysis has not, apparently,
I
been thorough; a in the Pandor:'il effort.
Mr. Daniel Sullivan of ARPA was requested to see
the signal analysis could be made available to
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the Committee.
"
( S) V. A brief of Big. Boy reminded the Committee that the
results of the Saratoga study were essentially inconclusive
although the testing technology and programs were 11orked
out and proved feasible and reliable \lith certain suggested
improvements. (A has been wTitten of the Saratoga
effort.) A possible reason for the inconclusiveness of the
I
Saratoga study was that the levels of microwave radia-
. .
tion measured at sites where tested personnel were located
I
were found to be extremely low and the exposure time very
;
.slight. The Committee recommends that the approach of
;
using established, op'erational radar stations to test the
effects of microhaves on humans be follot:ed-up. Dr. He
. Ilwain indicated that he and Hark Grove had looked at
the possibilities of several ground-based establishments,
!
such as those at Monw:outh, vJhite Sands, Fort Sill, Hawk
;
missile systems (e.g.", El Paso), etc. Their conclusions
are that populations of men exposed to radiation are
too unstable to be effective for tests. It also
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noted that the Navy has at lcae>t seven communications
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"1,rinut:es of the Pandor<:t Meetings of llw;<Ust 12 and 13, 1969
Page 10 '
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ships bt'oadcasting in the 10-meter band rather than S-bar,d,
i.e. , similar in character to the Voice of America station.
The Committee concluded that further consideration
be given to the use of gr'Ound- and ship-based nlicro11ave
generators for further studies.
i
(S) VI. The Committee spent" the better part of two days on the
!
subjects noted ubove' and only had time to introduce addi-
tional topics. It was again concluded that biochemical,
physiological, and being" studies should be carried
out at WRAIR or elsewhere. These should include cardia-
vascular responses, morphological and biochemical studies
. I
of peripheral blood.: It 1vas also concluded that the
'
"findings l'e cytogenetic studies should be carefully re-
i
viewed. '
(S) VII. The felt that the first order of continued ef-
fort by the Committe.e should be based upon a resolution
'
of the apparent differences in the interpretation and/or
analysis of the
1
1.'RAIR primate program.
(
Respectfully submitted by, Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
me
Date Typed:

August 27, 1969
1-;xhibit A--Instrumentation
by Dr, H. 7\l,len Ecker
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On 31 July 1969 Dr. J::nr.es N. Brmm, Nr. Nark Grove and Dr. H. Allen Ecker
met at Georgia Tech to review the planned instrumentation for the neu
fecility at Since the schedule for completion of equipment was
discussed at some length at the,last Pandora Panel.Meeting and J.s recorded
in the minutes of that meeting, further discussion of the schedule did not
appear nece3sary. The two major items that were reviewed are (1) the Signal
Generation Equipment and (2) the Data Recording and Processing Equipwent.
.Neither the variables to be measured, the method of their measurement nor
software requirements was discussed.
Data Recording and Processing Eauipment
ified block diagram of the Data Recording and Processing
,
ne-.1 facility is shown in Figure 1. He11lett-Packard is the prime
contractor for design and installation of this. system and a very flexible and
well-coordinated system which offers excellent data analysis capability
been designed. The use of pre-programmed analyzers such as.the new Hewlett-
Packard 5450 Fourier Analyzer provides pre-programmed analysis techni']ues
and; therefore, reduces the initial softHare requirements. Both analog
and digital data storage equipment is included. Care has been taken to
provide calibration and monitoring capability throughout the system. Since
the variables to be measured and analyzed vere not defined at the tirr.e of
equipment design, it appears that the money available for this instrumentation
was used wisely to provide a very data recording and processing
system.
A suggestion for increased.capability is the use of a Honeywell Visicordcr
in place of the currently .Planned HP 7878 Ink Oscillocraph. The visicorder
bandvidth. of 5 KHz with an extension to 10 KHz with reduced nrnpli-
the HP Ink Recorder has a maximum bandwidth of 150 Hz. In
any system in which input variobles arc unknown, bandwidth can be a limiting
factor on the flexibility of the proceasing oystem.
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Signal Generation
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The task of designing the system to generate the desired RF signal was ac-
complished in house Litton Industries providing the special high voltage
power supply. A preliminary block diagram of the bade of tb;:,
system is shown in Figure 2. The basic RF oscillator is an HP 8690 Swec;:>
Oscillator. The frequency modulation signal is generated by the out
put from two Hewlett-Packard 3300 Function Generators and a General Racio
1390 Noise Generator; current plans do not call for amplitude
Hovevcr, a PIN modulator could be inserted bet11een the basic oncillator and
the first amplifier as indicated by X on the block diagram. A PIN modulator
is an easy and flexible way to provide amplitude modulation with
interaction with the desired frequency modulation.
A to stage drive section in the form of sequential l watt and 10 i.-IT
is part of the present design. 'IWT's with 30 dB gain are. co=:::::.'ln;
in a conventional system
1
drivc;:" separated by only 10 d3 in out-
put would not be an efficient system; the desire for extreme linearity
the choice of this configuration.
Provisions are made to monitor the power level and the frequency spectrum
after the 10 watt TIIT. The results of this monitoring will be availn'.>le
to the Data Processing System.
The present plan5 call for Klystrons to am;:>lify the signal to a 1-to-2
level. An amplifier of this type in the frequency range of interest-
would have only approximately 5 }ll!z band11idth with 40 dB of gain. Since
only about 23 dB of gain "ould be required to produce 2 kilowatts from a
10 watt drive, it \lould be possible to stagger tunc the Klystron amplifi,;;::
sections and increase the band;Jidth at the expense of gain; perhaps as
much as 15 or 20 band;,idths could be achieved. A major des ien iter;,
Signal Generation System is the high voltanc power supply and
protective circuitry for tlte Klystron amplifier. At preocnt, n 10
kilovolt-1 amp pov1er supply ic.beine
antenna will be a Scientific Atlnntn Standard Gain Horn with approxim.:1tely
18 dB gain. Thc three dll beam,.;idths in the E and H planc.c arc 23 and 22
respectively. A probe antenna and associated thermistor mount and po-;.;cr
meter are provided range for monito"ing power levels at that point,
;
.The signal generation system as proposed provides a flexible source for a
frequency and aoplitude modulated RF signal with the exception of the final
'
Klystron amplifier. Octave bandwidths are coumon practice i.n 'r-'T amplifiers
whereas Klystrons usually exhibit less than a one percent bandwidth. If one
is that the signal to be simulated will never exceed the bandwidth
lindtation of the Klystron amplifier, then the proposed system will be ade-
te. However, if the possibility of a larger requirem"nt exists,
search for broader bnnd14idth and perhaps higher powered output tubes should
be made. Both Hughes and Varian advertise 1 KH GVI TWT affi?lifiers in the fre-
quenc); range of interest. A recent advertisement by Varian i.n the Harch 1969
Hicroave Journal indicates that 10 KW CH TwT's have been built and delivered
. .
Also, recent developments inCH cross field amplifiers could provide a very
efficient and reasonably broadband final transmitter stage. Both Ratheon and
SFD have made significant advances in the development of cross field ampli-
fiers. It should be emphasized that the system "as originally conceived hefore
the above tubes were catalog items. Also, cost and scheduling can be limiting
factors.
The choice of a standard gain horn for the antenna provides a
simple method of coupling to free npace. However; the far-field criterion
must be sati&fied to establish a uniform plane: "'ave over a region in space.
If a lar8P.r area and a more uniform wave is desired, a lnrge collimating
reflector type antenna could be substituted for the standard gain horn.
course, a large reflector. antenna would be nruch more expensive.
f_gncludinr; Rcm ... trl.-:s
The results of the
of instrumentation indl,cntc that at this point
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both the Dnta Recording and Processing System and the Sienal GcnccatLon. =
System have been well planned, However, two pressin!l issues must be resolved.
'(l) It is imperative that rapid decisions'bc made on the variables to be
measured and on the desired methods of analyses to permit determination of
required software. (2) A morc.thorough analysis of the RF signal to be
simulated is necessary. The band1;idth requirements of the output amplifier
hinge on the results of that analysis.
Respectfully submitted,
f{-aeL

H. Allen Ecker
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Rand
SANTA MONICA, CA. 90-lOf,
September 12, 1979
Director
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
1400 Wilson Blvd.
Arlington, VA 22209
Attention: Hr. Fred A. Koether
Management Information Systems Division
Dear Fred:
Your request put our Records Vault management to
the test with such limited document description but
they came through with flying colors. The letter
you wished is enclosed.
Please sign and return the enclosed classified
material receipt.
CRC:eh
Enclosure as noted.
Sincerely,
-
Claude R. Culp
(CL2238, Copy 3 dated 4 November 1969
"Review of Pandora Experiments"(U)
-
..... 1\ il
THE CORPORATIQ,'\;, 1700 MAIN STREET. SANTA MO.\' I CA. CALIFORNIA 90406. PHOt',,iE: (2.13\
'
1000 CONN.ECTICUi AVENUE:, N. W, WASHINGTON, D. C. 20036------------
Dr. Stephen Lukasik
Deputy Director, ARPA
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Washington, D.C. 20301
Dear Steve:
4 November 1969
VVL 613
3
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN DOWNGRADED
TO- ............... H.SEP...JS7.L
Per,P; rrdr;..J).M.fiLj.T.i.JL---
REVIEW OF PROJECT PANDORA EXPERIMENTS
Following our recent discussions I have gone through the data
on the Pandora Experiment as they have been presented by Major
Mcilwain. Maj. Mcilwain has done a superb job on reassessing
---tile-material of the last..few. years and presen1ing.it.L'1 an easily under-
stood form. During the course of this review I spent approximately 8
hours (October 22, 1969) looking at the material and in related discus-
sions. In brief, I am forced to conclude that the data do not present
any evidence of a behavioral change due to the presence of the special
signal within the limits of any reasonable scientific criteria. There is
evidence of behavioral change in some cases but this change could be
attributed to a variety of causes or systematic measurement errors all
well within the limits of experimental methodology. Evidence of other
effects such as EEG, histology, and chromosomal analyses have not
accumulated with either adequate detail or control to tell whether effects
due to radiation are present.
One should not infer from these statements that there is no value
to the work done; there is unquestionably considerable value in develop-
ment of protocols and facilities and the possibility of exte11ding this to
a variety of useful work which I will discuss later.
The primary experiments have been to look for the effect of the
special signal on specially trained monkeys at intensity levels comparable

6
rmTsmbsr
2
286
----------
. Dr. -Stephen Lukasik Page 2 4 November 1969
WL-613
to the special site environment. As I recall the data, there have been
four operant conditioned animals which have been exposed in total 7 .
times to the special signal, 2 times to a square wave, 1 time to a tri-
.angular wave, and 1 time to cw. The intensity generally used has been
4.6 mw/cm
2
which, 1 mi,ght point out, is probably in excess of the special
--Site -environment. Ex!1'erlments are not run at higher intensity since this
is the maximum possible for the equipment using two carriers. At least
one animal was run at very low intensities perhaps closer
to the action site ranging from to 1 mw/cm but I recall nothing
particularly significant for this run compared to the others. The basic
parameters measured were the PR (prompt response}, DRL (differential
reinforcement of low rate) and the latency time to go into DRL.
I will not attempt here to detail the various particular runs generally
of 20 to 30 or more days in duration but rather give my general impressions.
There were certainly individua 1 days where differences were observed which
were statistically significant in terms of the individual day's experiment.
These behavioral changes, however, were well within the limits of causes
other than radiation such as change of the animal from one room to another,
day/night variations, or perturbations caused by malfunction of equipment.
tfr-parncular there seem to be a considerable number of malfunctions in the
-feeding gear. In the case of one animal who was exposed at two
different times approximately two years apart, it was interesting to note
that the variation in his behavior during the 2nd exposure where he had
the opportunity for long continued training was much smoother than the
first period. It is also important to note that while a large number of
performance degradations were noted most of these occurred either in the
form of very small variations from a normal count (i.e., number of food
pellets obtained) or occurred the day following a significant equipment
malfunction. There may have been one case (animal number 673) where
there was a performance time-out of some significance.
In general one would consider the unexposed animal or a period
of nonexposure to be the control; I would also say that in view of the
problem associated with the special signal an equally significant control
would be the cw signal. However, as mentioned above there was only
one case of this sort of run and this quite a few years ago. It was diffi-
cult for me to see how one can have a viable protocol for any stimulus
when the stimulus intensity has not been brought to a level which creates
.a positive effect and this then compared to the required operational level.
Or'. Stephen Lukasik Page 3 4 November 1969
WL-613
For example, such a level might be in excess of 10 mw/cm
2
. The
equipment used in a combined single-mode manner could certainly
. produce approximately .this level of power.
Another type of experiment that could be classified as behavioral
was the reaction time studies. Four animals were used here, two with
food reward and two using shock avoidance. The basic concept here is
for the animal itself to adjust his reaction time to a comfortable value
and to look at changes in this as a result of various stimuli or environ-
mental conditions. Of the four tests run three showed no effect, one
did show an effect but this effect could be either eliminated or empha-
sized by a change of the timing program. I believe, in general, these
reaction time studies have been used in the behavioral field primarily
for relatively short-term changes. Certainly there was some indication
of statistically valid variations over a period of months but this could
not be correlated to on/off times of the signal. It might be noted also
that negative results were obtained for a tone substitution versus the
microwaves for shock avoidance.
In summary, you could say that there are some changes in the
'distribution of the various parameters at various times but there were
few or .none uniquely correlated with a special signal. There were cer-
tainly no trends observed, any statistically valid changes were single
day, and there was certainly no evidence of anything that could be
described as a catastrophic effect.
The effect of low frequency modulation on the EEG has been
reported a number of times by this project. Implanted electrodes are
placed into various brain regions of the monkey and the resulting EEG
tapes were analyzed off-line by Dr. Adey's laboratory in California.
The time delays intrinsically involved in this process may be significant
in explaining some of the experimental procedures followed or not followed.
If the animals are irradiated by sine wave modulated at various low fre-
quencies in the alpha region the autocorrelated power spectrum analysis
shows reinforcement of the modulation frequency in various portions of
the brain. At this date there is no convincing evidence that this effect
is not an electrical artifact of the procedure. There are several varia-
tions of protocol which could determine this using an on-line system.
I believe a fast-fourier transform analyser is on order for purposes of
going on-line. Experiments were run with the animals' head shielded,
under anesthesia, killed during the experiment, and even with a perfused
brain. However, none of these were satisfactory for positive elimination

wooau::aJo:.
Dr. Stephen Lukasik Page 4 4 November 1969
WL-613
the possibility of an artifact. In fact, variations of head position
autocorrelation spectrum did tend to lend some evidence for an
antenna action for the probes.
Additional programs are underway for chromosomal analysis using
karotyping of cultured lyrr,phocytes and for testicular and brain histology
but no substantive res1,1lts have been reported yet other than a few isola ted
observations that cannot be considered significant until placed in the con- "
text of systematic data.
As stated earlier, the value of the behavioral protocols, procedures,
and equipment should not be summarily dismissed. In addition not only
does the present working facility represent a substantial capital equipment
investment but also the new facility nearing completion is a magnificent
laboratory indeed with three additional exposure chambers and all the
various ancillary histological, biochemical, and conditioning laboratories
that could be required, at least for studies in the microwave region. The
issue of determining whether or not there is a biological effect at relatively
low levels below the 50 to 100 mw/cm2 levels which constitute directly
_observable hazards is not limited to the question of the special signal.
Failure to have absolute scientific evidence of the presence or absence
of an effect and its threshold region can leave the U.S. vulnerable to a
- paig"n-against tne""i:ise" of surveillance radai's".foreign.and"domestic,
military and civilian, as well as high powered communications equipment.
A possible public and consequent Congressional reaction on scare material,
particularly if encouraged by inimical forces, could result in a catastrophic
impediment to the use of various equipments essential for the national
security.
It would appear that the problem should be viewed on three
security levels. First, the compartmented signal and data derived from
it should be put aside under adequate security protection for the present;
if there is to be any understanding of this, the present program is probably
wrong to start with.
One should start with an examination of various basic wave forms
and then the combinations resulting in possible intermodulations and
demodulations by biological tissue. A program that might look at possible
behavioral implications from. the point of view of a weapon or interrogation
device could be handled on a SECRET level. The more pressing issue is
. the safety problem and that could be handled on a CONFIDENTIAL or OUO
level during acquisition of data with eventual declassification as the goal.
. . ...
'' '']Jr'. Stephen Lukasik Page 5 4 November 1969
WL-613
As an example of a protocol one might consider starting at a fairly high
level, 10 or 20 mw/cm2 then looking at 5 mw/cm
2
and 1 mw/cm2 forcw,
and 50%, 1%, and 0.1% .pulsed duty cycles with equivalent average power.
t do not mean to imply by this that either I or ARPA should design the
experimenter's protocol, but rather that one should start with a level high
enough to get some o):{servable effect and then continue to look at real
world levels and modulations. The new facility is certainly adequate to
handle the microwave problem, still leaving currently urgent problems of
ULF and HF /VHF.
The important objective now should be to determine at what level,
modulation, and exposure regime (chronic, intermittent, etc.), a biological
effect as distinguished from a hazard exists. These two terms should not
be confused. If an effect is observed at that time an adjudication of
various opera tiona I situations should be made to determine what hazard,
if any, exists.
s
Research Council
SK/bt
cc: Augenstein, Mcilwain, Tamarkin
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ON THE EVALUATION OF DATA ASSOCL\TE::l UITH P,'!JIDO::U,
Report)
Joseph F. Kubis
12/4/69
.
.,
2 4 FEB 1917
..
- - . . .......
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
COJIPON'EIITS OF TH:C: PHOBWl
RECONNENDATIOHS
APPEIIDIXES
A. Documents and Haterials Examined
B. Task Sequence During A.nin".al's lfork Day
C. Example D.lustrating Changes in
Test Conditions
D. Visits and Comments
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ON TilE tVli.LUATIO!l OF DATA ASSOCIATED \il'l'll 1'.\.llDOM
Section 1: Introduction

BACKGROUl!D
In dated October 29, 1969, Th' I;;:;lo H. l'ctcr::Jon invited me
to help :m
11
dcvclopin::; criteria for the ev<:!.luation of d:.lta'rtc::ociated
nith Pandora." I ag:reed to tall' tdth the project :ilWJ:J m:.:urinc
uhatever records uere available
1
and preuare
11
l'Cpor ol' !:JY" fwdinc;s and

:t-ty" Pu::"Pose. :in meeting those intir.!atcly conncctcd ths
was to solicit on hot-r they felt the datn shoulcl he Th-
e:xlllllination of and derived data ;ras not onl;r to gilin ;m =:ler-
standing of the analyses already r.:nde but aJ.::;o to rcco=cnd addiUonal
procedures the structure of the data might suGcc::zt.
Finally, I suggested t.'1at uhatever findin"::l .:l.t'ld rccc;:-.r.:endation.s I
would ;::ake be reviewed by Dr. Peterson, Hho uith the a::;::i::otance of
Ill'. Pollack, would decide Hhether i'urther effort on l'\/ p;:u-t tlouJ.d be
desirable.
T"ne underlying problem which led to this roncrt 11a:J tho o:d.stence
of tHO difi'erent approaches to the analysis of d ... -.. to. --.one lrJ
Ill'. J, Sharp, the other by Haj. J, HcUuain. In D:'.

V:J.ctl;
although reost of the experim3nts produced
aspects of the data (IRT changes and lrork ;:u-e of
an exposure ef.fect due to the vlRAm signal. th.:lt ::oo:r.c cn.anges
in the a.nir.lal
1
s behavior could not be emlaincd by ;:u-ti.f'o.ct:::, J:aj. llcU;;nin
believes that t.l-tere is :insufficient L"l t::.c do.ta to ::;erio'.lsly
enterta:in the notion of an exposure effect d'Jo to tl:e speci:ll 11I'.:\.m signal.
The evidence adduced by Dr. Sh:ll'P a scric::: o ;;:-a!lh:l and a .
catalogaing of the instances of uorl{ stono:u:ea at'!:.:'l!ot:to:Jd to the S:?ec::.al
signal.Haj l:cihrain 1 s position is that :lre clcric::.l errors in one .
of the graphs and that the sequence shouing 3 :;hi.::t tb!l mT distribution
is a function of the days selected ror l:<J h"l:J prc:;cnted grnph:J
!'rom baseline periods that ;.:.re oir.dJ.ar to tho r.;::;-::::.: in t(!'l Ilt'i' :::equence.
A:J I or work stoppaees, He. n
1
.;ain noted th:l t a nu:1br.:r or could .
be associated ;d th mech.:mica1 and other f;:d.lu:-c::;. Acl:no::lcd'jin;; that
difficulties li.":li t intcrrpretation::;, Dr. Sh<JIP b:l.:.crr.::.; ;:u-e
runs that are artifact-free and that thc"o
analysi::;,
VISITS"
Appointments -.rere made Hith. the folloHing individuals associo.ted
with Pcndorat
Col, J. Bl:ady
Col. E. Buescher
Mr. R. Cecraro
.J-laj J. He nuain
Col. U. }leroncy
A, Rubenstein
nr. J. sharp
During these visits a number of reports 1-rere exarni..'1ed' as well as
the basic and derived data the A description of the
visits made and the r..aterials may be found in A
and D.
Section 2: Cor:monents. of the Problem
As stated in Section l, the problem seems simple enough.
it is embedded in a mosaic of cor.ponents, llhich, if clearly understood,
will place the problem in proper perspective.
PROJECT AS A v/EOLE
Essential to a proper evaluation of the problem is consideration
of hooT t:r.a project as a whole was viewed, Bl:. Sharp interpreted his task
as exploratol:"'J in nat1.:re -- a series of pilot experiments to search for
leads that might prove fruitful in a ll'.ore extended research effort. An
eX3.1llination of the e:r.:periment protocols does support this :
:maey experilnents vrere tried, r...:my conditions tested, and r..any changes
in procedure were introd".J.ced du.""ing the experi;nent<ll program.
The inevitable outcome of a pilot program is an accumulation of a llide
diversity of data, fractionated into blocks obtained under various
CO;;tbinations of conditions. ExperL-:tental outcomes, uncontall'.inated by
chanees in condition or possible L'"lfluence of several factors, are hard
to come by . A particularly pertinent exar.:ple from the Pandora
may be found in Appendix c.
A second consequence of a pilot program is that conclusions car,;not be
asserted Hith erea.t confidence because of the limited nunbcr of observations
that are available, Statistical test:; perforeed on oven pror..ioinc; se;::;r.:cnts
of data might very Hell lead to insir;nific&nt results because the S!:l:lple
size is s!t'.all.
From tb.a nature of the case, then, the r,encrated fran the
Pandora :1t must be considered as tentative and t:u::;;:;estive
except for of data ::;u.fficicnt}J" nurr:crous and free from the
contaminatine effects of in condition or intrusion of uncontrolled
factors.
UTILIZID
.. .' The HllAm experimental pror;rtt.m contains nn j.m<:lr,inJ.tivo co:nplox of
procedures v1hich tJ.p vnriou:; bchavior:tl flUlccions t>w:b arc uniquely
packaged into a nell-motivated 11ork day for the r.;onkcy. A description
of the varions "jobs" comp2isinu the monl:cy'G uork day mzy be found in
Appendix B.
As structured at present, the c::,:perimcntal c;cncr:tb:> data fro;n
the Sn:!:lC monkey .. c:xposcd to n vo.riety of cont.litions. ,;.:; ........ .........
.... -:J v.1. c ....... At t:L"":1e3 he :Ls c::=!;oscd a sicnol, at time::;
not. Each monl:cy is his o1m control. Tllio is <m efficient dcsicn providt:!d
that a baseline can be C\Chicvcd, thc."t the io :Jtztblc
over rclatiYely lone period:; of tl1.:1t tho behavior observed is sen:::;ithc
to the C:>.."j)erimental "iJrtrusion,
11
and tmt shict control ove1 most of the
confou:1ding conditions ca!1 be maintn.lned throue;hout the expe:::ir.:cnt. Hlv:m
these conditions cannot be easily met, the design can benefit <<ppreciably
fro:n the inclusion of control subjects.
Fro:n an interpretative point of' vimr, it is felt that the results of
the Prmclora exoer:i.ments uould have been r:ore discr:L-:d.nn.ti-ve 1Ji th t.he
addition of control animals. In p<>.rticu.lar, it ;:oulcl been desirable
to conkol for the effects of "isolation" and "confi."ler::ent.
11
O'eer a long
period of' tir..e, say several it is po::>sible that continued
isolation and confinement could bring about an errotic. temporal
in the monkey s performance.
One .further poi..'1.t about procedure. The c<nple;dty of the present
task routine r..n.kes inevitable a long tu.rn-arou.:1d-til:!e for a s:L"l::;le
animal. 1-l':l requires a long training period and is subjected for a long
time to a stitr.:llus uhose mMs.urable effect r..ay be lone delaye!d. L"levitably
this that the C:ll."'j)!lriment is based on a small sa.'llple Hith = effed
that :r.l<f3' be 1-:eak or ephemeral. In turn, this leads either to very lir.Iited
generalizability or to inconclusive statistical results. At 11orst, it
cm1ld lead to uccepting as sir:nifico.nt results that reflect long-ro.nge
and fluctuations in the an:Lm.als condition in no Hay related to
the e:-.."j)er:L.,.ental sienal. Expanded facilities, of course, 1-;ould help sbcu
more experi.:nental and :rr.ore control an:i;::ils codd be used. In .:tddition,
the "USe of tasks or a...'1imals ;lith a shorter tu..-n-around-ti:::e shou.ld also be
considered.
CIL\l!G3S Dl TEST COHDITIONS AHD BASELDIE
As mentioned earlier, test conditions uere cha.need relatively
frequently. Some changes \:ere due to limitations of te:;t facilities, for
example, the animal tc:;ted or trained in the "ice box" and then
tested irt the <:>.ncchoic ch=.ber. In otl:cr cace::J, clw.nr;es 1:ere introduced to
determine if a facilitati.rig or dcbilitatiJ1r:; effect uoW.d emuc, as, for
er...:tr:'lJ:llc, cho.nr:inr; t.he character or strcn::,th of sienal cxyo::;urc. L'l ruw
event, th:J creator the mmbcr of in condi<.ion::: (cc;pccblly if u::;c:l
in co:rrbination), the smaller tho chanceo that an adequate uould
be obtamcd to te::;t for the specific effect \mder con:::idcration
....
r :<;,
liZ illu:;tro.tctt in Aprcndiz C, the Mimo.l lla!l cxpo:;cd to a of
" dif:fcrinr, condition::; in v.:u:ion::; combin::tt:Lon:; 11ithin a rcla.t:i.vdy ::;hort
poriO'd of t:i.Jr.o. Thc::;c ucrc: nir;ht v::; day orl:, alone vs 1::i:th
"icc box" v::; anechoic ch.::.:nbcr, Hru,m aic;no.l on v!l 1-!HAffi aignal of.r,
nm1 choir, ntm lever, llOH cpc::.kcr VI.! old clta:i.r, old lever, old
Good baseline[> for tcstine the effects of D.ll the0c ch.mge3 prove
of att.:1i.nrr1-;nt..
Adequacy of baseline is a ::;orions but not hopGlt':ss problc;n in the
URAill c:-::ner:i.Jr.cnt:J. The b::lsic ::;hortco:ninr; is. thot tha number of obscrva-
tions for the appropriate bnseline nay bc small.
llAI.J<'U!!CTIOllil!G SYSTD1
.e
The usual difficultie .. e:>.:-perienced during the course
of thB Pandora c;-:porimcnts: feeder j .'1, eJc'tc feeder, ink failure, etc.
Po;-;er fluct'.lations a11d circuit r.t:llfun.:::tior. occurred.
One of the obvious results of :mch malf\Ulction is loss of dnt.a. The
problc;n, hoHever, is more cc;:;plicated. It is very liJcely t.hat the finely
trai.'1ed anir..al PAY have had his habit pottern::: disturbed because of th8
inapproi"';:oiate cues inadequ.at3 food renards. l:is
11
con.fusio:nH .:md
altered r;;ot:i.vation r..ay hav<:l affected hia bahovior for the rem:ti.'1der of
day and possibly for a day or more after the millnnct.ion. '.fuc fund2.111ental
quest.ions are: Subsequent to t.he identified malfunction, hoH nrc1ch d.ata
should be discarded as 'll!'.rcliablc? reliable is the data .:i.J1::;:ediately
before the d'fiiculty Has id;;ntified?
Helevant criteria for tl:Gsc situations !!'.ay hav<:J been developed b'<J tho
laboratory b the course of its experience. In <t."JY event, an infor:c.cd
opir.ion to corrobo:-ate the adequacy of cuch criteria shou.ld be obtained
from a:1 outstn..."lding expert in the .field o.f a:nil':'.al e:;::per.:i.Jnentation. It is
sugc;estcd that such information be obt.:tined from Col. J. Brady.
HODEIS J\!!D AHP.I;Y'TIC PROGED'IJRES
Interprets.tion of data is strongly connected to the. r.odcl a.ssuned to
u.nderly the data. Sil1lilarl;r, the; rr.odcl ;;ill tend to detel--::;ine t!Ho ch::-.rc,ctcr
and direction of tb; st::ltistic2.l proc8durcs one :mtld e:me>loy to anc.J.yze
the data. As a siwple the r.:od.nl may specify that the e}:::1o.su:rc
sieno.l er..h:lncos vho of tho or that it cau::;cs a
deterioratio::l i.'Yl its or that it crlhanccs functions and
brinr;s about a tl.cterioration in others, or that it h:J.:l no observable effect
at all.
The analysis ru1d interprotation of the; Pandora e;q:>er:i.Jwnts uill
depend, then, on the ch:.racteristico of the nodcl one con:>idcr::> appropriate
for .the dat;:t. For exo.m;:>lc: Is the effect (or non-cu:nu1o.tivc)?
Io the cf:fcct reversible (or irrcver::;iblc)? Is the effect cphor:tcrrJ., ::;o
that it r;cncrally ob:;crvablo only \mdcr direct C.."q)o:;ure?
'w::zz ' ._.; ; , .... : ' .. ; ..
4
J3ut aS one t<o- v::J r.10r0 r.10r0 l:r;{}JOthcse:> 111 "0. :;.1.!TIC ::;at Of d;:rt:.l,
.. one nu::;t tal:e into accotmt that tho level of :::;ir,ni..fic::tnce for tho
ntcd:.i.Stic:.!.l tests is no lonr.cr the convcntion;tl. one ar;rccd upon. In a
simil;:u- vein, as one tests more and J:-.orc rel::tti vnly indcpe:1dcnt vo.riables
11ithin tho :>ame cxporincnt, one i:::; likely to ott.:1in so::le r<":::;ults t!nt
scer.1 to point to a stati:.;tically sir;nif:i.ca11t effect 1:i1Cn, in reality,
there is l1onc. Thin is :..L'l:tlor:ou:J to the tro.clitiono.l urn problen
(containing, for e;c..
4
'T;)le, 95 >rhite red bills) in t:hicll the probability
of picking a red b:lll i11 om dlar is .0). Yet tho probability of
obt::tining a red bill i:1creasc::; rapidly a:> I mike many successivo d.r::n-:s
from the urn (rcplacel:'.ent r.,odel)
The Pandora ex:oerir.!Cnts reflect a r.tUltiv;:u-iate model embedded in a
time series. A1 thour;h tho nultivariatc time series IO:odel i::;
rcco:mnendod for the present set of p,ondora c-_)eriments, son3 thought
might be given -Go its usc hen a cri\/.cal rud definitive set of e::-.."Periments
is decided upon.
THE BASIC ISSUES
Uorl: St.ounap;e. A rele-:rctnt scale naeds to be developed for the applic2.tio:1
.;...;-"---,.--;-4
of t.his concep'G. L'1 1-:aj. EcllHainls analyses aJl 1-:llo "stopped 1:ork
a-'1d did not reco;r"-::ence Hithin ten minutes of the end of tha d:zy-
11
is said
to have encaged in a 1:ork stop11o.ge. As used in a noni.n:!.l-scale situation,
a stoppage of 11 minutes is equivalent to one of several hours.
It is recorr.r::end8d that. the distribution of the lengths of
st{)ppages be compiled so tiut the p;:u-ametcrs of the distribution can be
estimated. This should help in establishng a uaighting pro::edure t:hich
uould give more 1-reight to longer than to shorter t-:ork stoppages. (Often
in the case of t:L"e variables, a logarith::U.c transformation provides an
adequate solution.)
IRT Distribution Shift. In his presentation of a series of overlc.ys
(exposure do.ta) co:c,pared to a di::;tribution of baseline dab, Dr. Shcu.-p c.:m
be concerni..'"lg the criterion he u.se.d to select his t:i.ri:e poj_nts.
If this criterion had no theoretical justification, then diGtribution'.:o.t
other tir:1e points could ha-;e been tal:cn just as Hell. \Tnat Il::", Sh;:u-p
H.mtcd to sho:r is a global trend of the distrlbutions 1-:ithout the ncc::::ssity
of all the i-:.:tj. Eciluain ::; "counter exa1:1;JlCs
11
taJ(cn fro:a
baseline data, thour;h pictorially c.ffectivc, :::uffer from a sir.Ulcr
selection bias.
TI-ro analytic approaches seem to be fe:1sible: 1) .lltucJ;;in;:; the ch::mt:e
in the distribution as a uhole over time; 2) t:.tili zin;; appropr1ace
parQr.lctcrs of the di::;tribu-t.ions and studying their trend over time.
A first approach tm-:;:u-ds cvillL"J.tin:; tho clwn;::c in the di::tribution as
a liholc over tir.\e m:i.r;ht consider fractionatin;; a tli1c period jnto succ::,r,::;im
and then constructinr:- Dll



for each .:::;cr;rwnt.
Tho difference::; bet:-:ecn di:::tribution:> CO'Jld be te:::tccl by a Kobor:orov-C::c:i.rnov
typo of statistic. 'i'hi::; tcr. I; procedure conld he ilo:,rovcd by the dcvclo!"':ccnt
of o. .Studcntized ran(3C type of :; bti.:::tic for total di::;trilmtion::l analo.:;ous
!!'!:""? "'1"",,..,_., ... " ....... -
1 . , --'cr-Ww t,!,_-c-z..:: .. -r
.. . . . . _;. ; . . . . tt
- "
."I.
.. ' . . '
. .. ' .. : ...
to thtlt dovcJ.opJd .1.0r the

trccrt-.JiH.:nt r::c;ms.. lbrc

c;cnc:i . .:U.ly, a tirIe series solution to problCI:\3 of totc!l d:i.::;tribut).on:.: Houle!
be roquircd.
In tho second .:\p!Jro.:tch mentioned abovn BOvCX\:ll b::tsic p:un.nctcrs Ho1t1J
be cstilnatcd !or o:1ch distribution ut each time point. 'l:'1e and
intcrc]1.41.rtile ran;;c \:ould be appropriate. l'hc di:Jtribntion of these
statistic3 over ti.'T:e Hould be o.vailo.blc .for o.nal:,rsis.. OTten cn:msh, tho

under tc::it i!:i rclativel:r n.s, fol"" th2..t the

(or i.ntcrqlt.:ll"tilc r,1.1;.;:e) over fitti:.tG
proceclmcs could be ,,_sod to test this or li1orc co:.1plcx .f\\nction:;. Orthor,ono..l
polynomials also could be utili::;cd in te::;t:in> for trend.
Either of the tHo o.pproacl:es should be Uoed. or tl:ese, the kcnd
nnaly!::is uould seer.t mo.t""C at lcn!".::-t Tl:e stati::;tics
(median and int9rquartilc range) nxc :vlll.:.hle nnd tt.e test. procedure is
ch::Jractcrizod by ease of compuioation ::,1d i;:-- CTpretation.
B!\.SELlllE PROBLE!:S
Fro;:t an of tl:e do.ta und the graphs b:\sed on th0 do.ta, it
uould be a procedure to uso r.:a":1y of the oiieino.l bc:selin:3s to
evalu-:1 te the effects of the HiU\.IR sizr.al. For c;:o.r.:plG, the baseline
developed in the ''icebo;;:" is not rclcvnnt to test .for the effect of the
signal in the a-'""!ccho:i.c char::ber. a ba::>0li11c develo;:sQ on a
nieht nshli't
11
Ca.14"'10t be used to test the effc:;ts o! tb::> Y7ill
1
wiR giv-en
during the day. Discouraged the problG:-;t or en n.C.cqtiz:tG bas0linG'
Haj. hzs ;cefrxi.l'1ed. frc.:-n us:Lrg baselines in his analyses of the
exposure periods.
It is that the initial period of orieri.t.:'!.t.ion to ID\'f
in condi"'d.oa h3 considered as a for ba3elinc For
C:X:.."llTtJ'lC, after tran.sfer the n icebo:::
11
to the :l..Dechcic t!:e
animal is usually te:>ted for a of l:i.thout e:;.q:;osurc to the
lllilli A portion of this ucln.ptation period, onco tho
sot-t.le <loHn, could be used. a!J the bo.::Jc ae;ainst 1':hich the effect:;; of .lwhe
signal nhould be evalunted. the fc--,,.;0r nu."':lber of.:points c.vailablc,
they be used as baseline data for the pro:ticul.:>r cc::lpar-i!:'o:< under
consideration.
The i!3sue point.ed 1..1:.'0 in this discussion is that is no gcner..:J.
baselll18 for all co:r::biru.tions of test situ,:-.tion:z. Ch,-l.nr;cs in te.st.
sittntions see;n to produce more pronou..."tced effects than stir.roli.
DIV1SIOI! OF EXP03UllE FERIOD
In the ext:mt an;:;.lyr;es, l::tj. J.CoD.Hnin h.o.s d:i:viclcd the exr>o:::ure
period into tLo equal Ee that. :Lt' the ef.fcct is
cumul.?.tivc, tho avcrncc value of the t::o ccr:n:cnts should differ -- the
creator effect bc:inr: in the occoncl .l::tlf of the c:<;>osure period.
'fhin lor;cs so::--.e vo.ln.::.tblo In the first place: it
Gives no :ini'orr.,'\tion about tho CO"-p:tri:::on of the o::po:;me period v:ith tl:e
ba::;ol:l.ne period. Secondly, it m:wka the trend o:r tllo c.f.i:cct over time.
:i.l:l reconm:cndcd that the cxpo3\ll'e period be divided into more th:tn
'tHo scemcntn. In r::lncc it in rrnticipatcd that the ncr:; baseline
period:; 11ill not cont:1in many point:J (confer discussion in the prcvioun
section), it Hould be adv<mtc.ccous to divide tho CXSJO:::me period into
soemcnts equal in size to the ba::;eline period. 'i'he ru1;tiyses, non-
parc.rnetric analogues o.f an;llysis o.f v.:u-i::mcc, 1nll h.wc tho follm:inr;
advantacca: (1) u comp.:u-ison 11i th baaelim: dc.ta )Till be ava:i.lablc, and
(2) a trend 1muld be rnorc discernible ;:md casi.ly tested.
STATISTICAL
,,
\/here hypotheois are specific an-:1 direc' one-tailed tests
should be uoed. T'n<J possibilit:{, of ar. cnhruoement effect on some
functions under cxpozure ohoulu not be di::;c,,mted. Tuo-tailed testa in
these situations 1rould leave the issuo oper. ended.
It is reco=.ended that the personnel at HRP.m continue using non-
par<:L'Tietric statistics uhercver .feasible. These ara the statistic:> of
choice s:tnce the clistributions of r:1arry of the statistics uzed in
bahaviorcl. measurcttent:J have no rcprc.santation.
they have &ood efficiency and the-.f are s:L"7!ply and easily calculated.
It is also rec=ended that calculation:; be done by clerical
personnel trained a.nd supervised by Haj. l:cTI<min.
It is urr;cd that the operational dcl'initions of releva."lt concepts
(ex. pause), thz specification of models, evaluation of effects of
_ malfunction, re.jection of :l.nadequate. dat-a, and other such problcnr., be
discussed 1dth the e;cpertiso available in-house at \iRAIR. In particular,
the services of Col. J. Brady ohould be secured, since he is an out-
authority in behavioral r.tattcrs, especially those pertain:L."1g
to aniJnal behavior.
.
.... ..
L? .... .. !t : ... .. '1
.. ,,. "
: :; - '' 1 ; 1 !
=
APPEUDD:Es
A. DOCU!lE!!TS AND llATSRIALS EXiJIll:ED
-li .. ,'!> :--.-.,, ... p 7
I.'_ : . ' , , , . ( .' ( , ! , ;.
.. .... , ......
' ! i
:.< ..
; ; &$ ...... ,. "*'" p ::
1 r.
' '
r ! . . i : ..
' ,,
., .... - ... !": ..
.... ..
\ : ';.: .. : .
. . .
:. .. ;; ; .
Al'PEIIDIX A
,.,
DOCU}ZDNTS AlJD Vu'.TEHIALS K>Gil:IlmD
I Jill. R. CESAROIS OFFICE
A. Reports of .Dr. J. Shorp to ARPA
1. Tiro b:wic series of r:;rnphs. These l:cre presented at the first
briefing Dr. Shxcp gave to the late in l96B.
2. Method
3. descriptions
4. An over ill description of the bch.wioral pro;;r-2..':1, (Confer section
relating to Dr. Sharp)
B. Reports of Er. Cesaro based on Dr. Sh0rp
1
s reports
These included reproductions of th8 r:;raphs and rc;:>resentc:tive
su:mnaries of the substantive material in Dr. Slwrp s reports.
II HALT&1 lli':SD - FOREST GLEN
T'ne materials concisted of 8 note books contai;1ing original and
proces;;cd do.ta obtained from various experi..'"":1ents 2.ssoci:;.tcd
>lith P2.."1dora. Ti1ese fell into tuo classes, fo'.li' not.ebool:s in e<:.ch:
B::u;ic D-:tta l;ote E:;ok.3 t>.nd D:1t.a Ano.lvs; 3 Eotc Books. The latter e;roup,
prepnred by Laj. -Ec ffi-:J..in, contain a ca.:rcl."Ul W"Id t.norough analysis of r.tuch
of tho beis:i..c data in the for:n of graphs and stntistical tests of'
cign.i.ficance.
Haj. HCll1:-ain is contintLinG the uhich, at present, is
emphasi:uinr; co::1parisons betueen tile first and ::;econd of tLc
radiation period. The model nnalysis c.s:Jumcs the accumtuation of an
effect over the ra.dint.ion period, .. ::.:. : .: ::....; .. ............. __ -... .. ...:
i .... .:..:.. .... l-- ... .:.. ..... Hith tha effect increasing as the radiation continu.;s.
HcTI'I":n.L"'l feels that, because of technical change3 c::.nd
dii'ficultic:i, th3 pre-radiation bJ.:::;clines do not r:eet crit2ria
for adx
1
.tacy and, consequently, hav'3 not been compared 1rith the :radiu.ted
periods.
A. Basic Dc.ta 1bte Books
l. D)l Reaction Ti..1ne
2.
Conto.ins d::rta i'ro:n mon]:cys 602, 683, 782_, and 7B3. Thoro is
some processinG (data reduction) in th.; foll1 of means, n:cdi[LTlS,
vari:mces, m:d interqu:utile ranees.
D)3 I lnl t.i.nlc Schcrlttlc l)
lhta book l'or o.nimal::: 1.'(0, 3')7, 673, nnd 9hG. It is indi-
cated that non--e::qoo:::cd D.P.iJ.1-:ll::; 216 .:md 9U4 died. There is
OCCaCional data reduction in the form Ol Q,
3. DSh Htu t:i.nlo ?.l
iJc:ttc:t boo I( .lo:c o.rci.r.,:>l:: l)'Il;!J'IJ, 651, 700 !:tncl for tho tuo non-
cxpo:>ccl anht."l!J, ill <'Jill 67), <li.c:d the e:-:pcrir.:cnt.
There i::; of tho rlata jJ1 the fon:1 of Jn;XJi;.m and Q.
Jns ....... .......... .. .,
,'
:';; '" ::. t' ' .. ' , .1 I'
-4
, It ' o t'. ,, -'.'
se .... .....
6111 S''Conrl Tiun
)(cpc'l'fs(b.ca "obt:cincd curing the poriod 1 April 6') to 13 July 69.
Reduced data is presented in the fonn of (')_, Qy
D. Data lln::Ll.ysis l:Oto Books
1. l)h
Histol-.f of rnonlw:r fro:n Anril 66 to l.::X.r 60. Book contains old
data and old graphs to::;ethcr Hith n<m craphs and a larr;e rr.JJ:lbor
of stati::;tie::U. tasts usuo.lly co:';Xl.rinr; tho first !Ulf i th the
latter half of the expo::;ure period.
2. 673
"!iisto:ry and analy:;ed da'ta f:rcm 3 Feb. 66 to 20 Oct.67. This
uorkcd 'U:.1dcr a large n1..l.ri:ber of conditions:
C\T, the 1-l!'.Aill at .ooa, .01, .1, 1.0, and 5rr.-r/crr?.
3. 681
4.
1ti.story al'ld analy:;cd data f:ro:a 30 Aug.66 to 13 July 69.
lli'. r s graphs are col"?ared ui th ovorla_ys prepared by
llaj. licill:ain; and Dr. Sharp
1
s ov2rlays are rith
control data.
'I;( (X)
Data, graphs, analyses,
contains data fro'" 683;
statistical analjrsic.
and tests for V?OO.
but this data i:a:::; not subjected to
II DR. J. SE!.RP r S OFFICE
The last doc-cUnent prep:1red fer ARPA Dr. Sha..!J uas eo;npleted around
Cctober 1969. It giyes a succinct D.Ild clear sur7.12.1J .. of tJ1e t:,tpes of
he the results he and the
datiorls he 1%1zt of the results 17Cre negative. Ho"";-;::?ve:c,
phenorr.ena -- l:ork and IRT dist::-ibution sh:Lft -- ucre suggesti17c
of o.n effect. clue t.o r.:1cli2.tion.
11
\.
1
hiJ.0 t.!le co.rlicr sto??.':.3GS n=:.;r ho.ve
been questioned related to an I e;.:plain2.ble
1
.:trtifact, the
evidence stronc;ly c.?.ution Ll1. D.ccepti this i11terpre:t.::'vion.
addition, an in::;r.:cction ci' -the then old d:ltll stron;-!ly SUGr-estcd to :::.e
that the (IIl'r) fro:.; th8 1;c.s sho.-:inc;
a sld .. ft i'rC;;J the level to <1 pGrfor:::ance p2.ttern
follmmd by a return to 'bJ.se-line r upon ce::;sation of exposure."
Dr. Sharp sur;c;es:ts th.:J.t these prclininJ.ry fi.itdinGS be checked out on
more monkey::; and i..'l1 other l2.bo:-o.torics. Fer thG data q..t he rccorr.r::cnds
the of a utiliz.jng n.:1ll d.1.ta gcnsr.:l.tccl after and
ey:po:>urc
11
r ' '"' . .... --....... -
' '. ' 1
a
. . . . . . . '
' . ... ...
,., JtPrmmu B
..
TASK SEQUEl:CB DlJTill!G AHD-lALS \IOUK D:\Y
Time Limit.:-;. Rouard (Food)
S-:t1Ucnca Task H:i.n:L":Lcl &pc;ctcd Cu:n. 1::..-p. PeUot.s Cunulated
...____
1 1 TO 10
1
12
1
12'
2 ffi 10
1
15 27
1
5 5
3 TO 10
1
12
1
39
1
I+ mr.
5t 201
59
1
5
10
2
5
TO 10
1
12 12
1
6 PR etc .

etc

1. TO: T:L-:e OJ.t Period (t::ith Il31M.v Contin:enc:r). The a.nir:-.nl s 'Hork d3:y
hagins Hit:.t ri'O period b-.f n. JJJOO hz tone.
His task is not to res,-;ond chtrin'\ the 10 minute nol'iod. If he doea
respond (::rit.'Fla bar press), the ts.:r:er is rozet a..;d t..he 10 lT'inute
period begins all over again. If the Wlir..::l doei> not respond for a
completf3 10 nLtutc p3riod, the tone off a red. light cc:r:.es on
as a signal. Ez is then in the PR period.
2. ffi: Pi:-of,I'ossivo R:.lt.io Period. The animal nou has to co::Qlcte LO bar
presses pellet oi' food. thi.a pellet is delivered, he
has to press 80 t.:L'::<Js for the pellczt; 160 tw.os for the thi:.d
pellet; 320 tir:!es fo!' the fourth pellet; and 61tO tir.:es for the fifth
and last pellet in th:is phaGe. 'ci!mn the artiJlt:\1 earns the fifth pellet
of food, the red licht (?R sicnil) goes off tho 3,300 tone
(1'0 co:-:tes on asnin the n.ni."71al th::J.t he is aca:ln in
the TO
.3. TO: Tir:c 0-.. ;_t, P.:;ricd (-:;ith Dzl:1V Con-t.:tnr_:<nic:v). l!ir; tc"'5kJ as bBfore,
rs t.o retl:ain i'ro:n ren.:jonding for 0. period of 10
As he co:npletes this TO phase ::;ucees;:;full;r, the 3,30J hz tone ch:mr;cs
to a 1,400 hz tone. This nm1 signal alerts thG ani.'ZUL that he is :in
the DRL period.
,'
h. DRL: Diffcrcnti:ll Rcinfo:-:ccnm:t (Iou &:tto) Period. In this phase
tfiO an:i.J;ml is to !1:.:.:: re::>pon.::c, a G;;: press, for a min:L":''Uin of 50
seconds. A resoons0 p.iven before the termination of t!'!c 5o sccor.d in-
tcr,r:ll uould rc:;..:!t th<J tir.:cr, ::rtartillG a nEM 50 :;ccond inti,rv:U dtU'in;:;
l'Iltich th!"! ani!:-.1.1 hc.d to :-cfr::tin from responding.
If the aJ1i.m.:tl did dchy for 50
cl thcr of t:c:o events occt:..."'l'od;
nnd then :m::tdz h.-!.3
tbmc \-:i\:; a brief .fl;:;:;h of lic;ht to

.,
- .
'
m
...... . -..... .
:jndic:lto thut hi:; respo;:::;o or he rcco:ind u poJJ.ut of food.
IJ'hc rcluti\o frcqwcnGJr of light:. to food 1i'Ci:,-, 2:1, procrxomcd l.J.l a
f)robab:ilit;)' ;:;cncr:ll.or. 'l'huz, one thinl of tho correc-t; rcs
1
1on:::cs 11crc
rou.::trdcd 1rith i'ood.
This proccclttro continued until tho ani1.cl received a tot:U. of !)
in this (D;(L) portion of the cycle. 0.1 tha avc::-;:,,;o, then, thor(: 1:crc
1,5 succcs::;ful responses durinr; a D:U. _scs:Jion ar.::l !) o:r these vere
rewarded by food.
/..fter receipt of tho fifth pellet thG l,hOO h:; (Dill:. sic;n:U.)
chaneed to on2 of 3, 300 ('IO sicn.:U).. This siQl-:rl :indicated t.o tt'.J3
tha"v. he t-ras than in a 1\0 period.
5. TO: Time C\lt Period. (This:; init. ''.ted L:o scco:1d cycle, ic.oatic<ll to
tlie oii'GCo:?leted at: Step 4 abov:,. suc:1 continued "until the
anim<ll receive<t its da.il:r food l;,.._ion '. until 10 Lc;:.;rs had elil.:Pse:J . ")
1. One cycle is one ho1.:r i."l duro.tion.
2. The r:tonli:ey t s Heicht deterr.:inzs nur.bcr of pellets fo;:-
daily ration. T'nesc could rD.nge, roughly, 70 to 100 peD.ets
.3. Thus, tl:e h!Onkey 1rith the heaviest 1-:orl< lo2.d (rcq,dred to e2.rn 100
pellet-s) could be c;:pzcted to fi:r:i;:;h 10 hourc. l'Ct also
.follOi,TS t!:at. the 1d.th the \Iork loud (rcq'.t:i.TCd to
earn 70pellets) 1rould be eoxpected to 1:od: about 7 hours per ck;:,.
.. '
APPEIIDIY. C
EXAHPLE ILLUSTRATil:J C!L\l!GBS
Til TEST co;mi'l'ICl!S
(Anllnal 1!6[]1)
Place of Tim3 of Alone or
Time Ep:lch Test.in:; Testinr; r!ith others Other Conditions
llFeb llEar "Icebox" Day Alon:J
12Hnr 3Apr Anechoic Night Hith ft'673
LLpr
-
llitty Anechoic Day Alone Neu chair, neu lever,
neH speaker
(llApr
-
DJr.J.y) \ffiATil. Signal
2Hay - 25!-:C.y Anechoic Night 'lith !.!673
-
6JUJ18) Control
-
6Jtme
11
Icebo:;:
11
.Alone
CO!JHENTS
1. In order to indicate the changes made in the conditions,
the time epochs, as presented, neccsvarily overlap.
2. A larc;e
animal:
rulimal,
nurr.ber of uere varied during t!'le testjng of thi::
"icebox" vs ru1-echoic, day vs night, alone vs ;-:ith anoth3r
HRAIR signal OH vs HR.Affi sicno.l OFF.
3. As a result, one could not attribute effect to a sL,..l{;le factor
uncontaninD.ted b;r changes in teat conciitions.
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' l
APPEl!DIX D
.
l. Yr. CesaJ.'o urr;cd a thorough ox.:u;.in:ttion of the d:J.t:t to determine
Hhat additional r;.nalyses uerc nccess.:u-y to clarify the critical
issu0s in the problc:n:
a. Hhcther an effect had bo}n o::.taincd
b. uhcthar aiT.f of th:= shoucd any pro:nise.
2. Hr. Rubenstein sug;c:ested a t: anD-lysis of the baaeline
data and the develop;r.cnt of :.;;dolo ?:or t.he evaluation of an 0i'fcct .
.). ARPA IS file on Pando::-a 11as :m:>.de available for e=ination. This
included the pror:;rcss reports and graphs prep.'l!'ed by Dr. S!1a:rp
and other administ.ra(,ive :--oport.s pre9ared by Er. Cesal."O
:Il:r. Sharp ts (Confel' Appcndi.."'C A)
14 J.:ovember 1969
1. Col. E. &lescher, A. Rubenstei."l. (\!alter Reed)
a. Col. l:eroncy could not attend the t:Betina but appointed
Col. Buescher to him.
b. The purpose of v"'isit 1-ras discussed 1rith Col .. I!'w.es:chcr
r:ho assured r.,e and l!r. that thore uoilld be i'i.Lll
cooperation from .. Reed perso:t.!3l ..
2. Col. E. Buescher, A. Rubenstein, Col. J. Brady, J. liclluain
(Haltcl' Heed)
Col. &acly and J.'ulj. lie n,w.in joined the r:'.eetinr; and Here
briefed on 1ra:::: cli:;:cussed.. '.li1.cy indicated that the'J
uould help in arr;r >ray the-f could
.), llaj. J. };cnuain (1!alter Heed; Forest Glen)
In this cecting, ;:aj .. 1-:clli-;.?..in preser.ted the Y<!rious
analyses of the data he had completed.
20 l!ovonbcr 1969 (l!aJ.tcr Reed, Glen)
Thia day uns spent o:r,.r! .. i;ininc obtn.incd duxine the
oxpcrir;:cnts o.s::.oci:J.tcd l::ith P<:.:1dora. The bo::ic d;J.ta, the derived
data., the r;r.::.phs of t:cre includ8d in eight.
(0) D!lTA J:0'1'li: B(XJl:S. (Confer il.p;;cndix A)
i'h J:ovCC!ber 1969 .1. Sho.rp (!J.bany)
1. Dr. S'o;:,rp the fact tlut the of
cond.nctr:d by Jdm Jll'')l:irc.1.n:cry in ntttuc pilot c::-:pcri-
r.;cnt!::. Con::;0.qur::ntly i:c con:.:i(lct::d lz.i;; rc.:port::; on tlte:::;c
cxpcr i:::e:n pro
1
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lb fc;lt that of the rnna HlLi.ch wore free of artifact:>
point.e!d t.o Tirr ch.:tn::;cs Hork o.;; pos.:;ibly due: to
cxpo:::ru.J.:"c. 1h:;:;c, l:o sur;ccJtcd ::;hould bo co.rcfully
and rcplicatcd, if po:;::;iblc, by independent invc:;tica.tor::;.
,.
.. .
I
January 14, 1969
"
.
'EMORANDUM ro: Mr. R. S. Cesaro, ARPA
0
ROM: IDA Review Panel
SUBJECT: Flash Report of Pandora/Bizarre Briefing (S)
(S) In response to a request from Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA), a special panel was convened by the Institute for
Defense Analyses (IDA) to review the research techniques, results
to-date, and to make recommendations for the future of the Pandora/
Bizarre program.
(S) The IDA Panel personnel were as follows:
~ 1. Lysle H. Peterson, M.D., (Chairman) Univ. of Pennsylvania
2. Joseph E. Barmack, PhD, C.C.N.Y.
3. Joseph F. Kubis, PhD, Fordham University, N.Y.
4. BG Frederic J. Hughes, M.C., Walter Reed Gen. Hospital
5. Herbert Pollack, M.D., Institute for Defense Analyses
(S) Observers present were
1, Richard S. Cesaro, OSD/ARPA/AS
2. James P. Deck, Colonel, Wright Patterson AFB, AFAL
3. Daniel J. Sullivan, OSD/ARPA/AS
(S) The briefings were presented by
Col. J. Brady, M.S.C. - WRAIR
Maj. J. Sharp, M,S.C. - WRAIR
Capt. Mcilwain, M.C. - WRAIR
Mark Grove, AF Avionics Lab - WPAFB
(S) The panel met at 0900 on Friday, December 20, 1968, in the
Forest Glen Annex of the Walter Reed Army Hospital. All persons
present who had not done so previously signed the Pandora/Bizarre
~ c l e r n c e forms. Briefings and an inspection of the physical
plant lasted until 1230. The panel and the briefing team drove
to the Institute for Defense Analyses where they reconvened at
C8n ___ .. ,,L_ 2 JA.
... - !.
.
.
U!ICLASSIFIED
.our:. Further discussions were carried on until 1500 hours,
when the panel thanked the briefing team and went into executive
session.
(S) The terms of the review panel as presented by
Mr. Cesaro called for an initial flash report based upon the brief-
ings of the day. Mr. indicated that he expected the panel
to operate on a continuing basis until the project was completed.
It is expected that the panel would be enlarged in the near future
as soon as clearance procedures permitted.
(S) The flash report was to be the response to the following
questions posed by Mr. Cesaro:
1. Does the panel consider the research procedures reported
at this briefing scientifically sound and capable of supplying the
data required to satisfy the stated objectives?
2. Does the evidence presented support the stated deductions
conclusions?
3. What future plans and procedures should be adopted in view
of the findingsto-date?
4. Does the panel consider it necessary to develop a 'Teal
time" data processing technique to facilitate the identification of
those components of the "synthetic signal" which are responsible
for the observed biological effects?
5. Does the panel wish to express an opinion as to the mecha-
nism of the action of the electromagnetic radiation on the intact
animal?
(S) The panel was unanimous in its opinion that the use of multi-
schedule programs for operantly conditioned mcnkeys was a sound and
acceptable technique to assess degradation or acceleration of work
patterns. That the monkeys exposed to the specific "synthetic
Moscow in field strengths from 1 mw/cm
2
up to 4.6 mw/cm
2
showed degradation of work performance after 10-hours-a-day exposure
for from 11 days to 21 days. This degradation in performance may
be regarded as a "vigilance function degradation," The effects

2
' 1
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to be grossly functionally reversible. There is some evi-
dance that repeated series of exposures sensitizes the animal and
shortens the latent period before signs of vigilance degradation
' ' appear.
(S) The WRAIR attempted to develop techniques with
more rapid response!times in the hopes of being able to facilitate
the identification of the elements of the synthetic signal respon-
sible for the bio-medical effects. These took two directions.
One was a study of alteration in reaction time response in the
primates after exposure to the micro-waves. The other was to implant
a series of specially designed electrodes into specific areas of the
brains of monkeys and to record the electro encephalographic changes
before and after radiation,
(S) The studies on reaction times are inconclusive to-date. More
data would be needed to express an opinion as to whether this ap-
proach should be pursued further or discarded.
(S) The E.E.G. approach has been carried out in association with
The Brain Research Institute at the U.C.L.A. School of Medicine.
The problem of artifacts and analysis of wave forms makes interpre-
tation difficult. Further work in this area should be supported.
To do this effectively, the analysis of the E.E.G. recordings should
be on a "real time" or approximately "on line" analysis. This will
require a computer availability and capability. The computer may
be an in-house special purpose one, or a connection with a central
computer programmed for this analysis. A cost effectiveness assess-
ment of the alternatives should be helpful in the decision.
(S) The panel was of the opinion that the help of Dr. John Tukey
of Princeton should be obtained. He is considered an outstanding
expert in the field of wave form analysis.
additional facets of (S) The WRAIR research workers presented two
the work. These were attempts to determine if
tectable morphological changes in the tissues.
rected toward a study of the chromosomes of the
there were any de-
One effort was di-
circulating blood.
The two animals studied to-date were reported as showing no changes.
/', ' { f _;;
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This phase a sufficient number of animals
have been studied to give positive assurance that the non-ionizing
'
radiation does not have any effect on chromosomes. The other was
'"'
the histo pathological studies of the central nervous system tissues
taken from animals that hl been radiated. This study is being
carried out at Tulane under contract. At the time of this briefing
only one monkey brain had been studied.
that this brain was "different" from the
The contractor had reported
controls. (The study is
a blind one to avoid prejudice.) In view of the suggestive but in-
adequate evidence, additional effort must be made to further this
aspect of the program.
(S) The panel recognizes that Col. Brady is a professional leader
in the field of animal behavior studies and has added substantially
to the credibility of the work.
The response to Question #3 takes into consideration the total
including the animal findings as presented, and the time
and cost element in extending animal studies to provide a more com-
plete spectrum of response. In the absence of significant adverse
findings in the chromosomal and histo pathological studies mentioned
above, the future course of include a study of human
response to non-ionizing radiation in low level fields and with the
specific modulations employed in the primate exposure tests. Animal
studies are only able to provide a limited spectrum of responses.
The human with his ability to describe subjective changes can ex-
tend the response gradient through the levels:
a. Feelings, attitudes, fatigue, moods, etc.
b. Health, physical and mental
c. Performance and stamina
The animal studies are focused on c. but may include b.; they cannot
measure a.
(S) Over a period of years humans have been exposed to micro-wave
at much higher field strengths than are proposed in this
The u.s. personnel in the Moscow Embassy have been exposed
to the micro-wave signal over a period of many years. The panel
were not given any evidence of impaired health of these people.
1
1JNCLASSIFIED
1
S) A protocol shri&ld \,;itn the following objectives:
1. To determine immediate or short time effects on humans
of the synthetic Moscow.s.ignal in use at W.R.A.I,R. on the three
aspects mentioned above,; This should be given a high priority.
2. To provide for follow-up observations of the subjects.
3, The study should contribute to the understanding of the
effects of micro-wave radiation on man in general as well as the
specific Moscow signal.
(S) The protocol should be developed by the responsible group.
This panel will stand ready to review the proposed protocol and
offer such advice as they see indicated then asked to do so.
(S) It is suggested that the program provide for:
a. Biochemical laboratory analysis of blood and urine for a
variety of substances including steroids, enzymes, trace metals,
b, Cardiovascular evaluation such as E,C,G,, blood pressure,
etc.
c. Chromosomal studies of lymphocytes cells
d. Appropriately sensitive and reliable studies on behavior
(S) Subjects select-ed should be norr.:al, healthy, young male adults.
Exposure periods should be at lease 90 days unless significant
changes occur earlier. Subjects should be divided into 3 groups:
1. Controls
2. Subjects with a history of exposure to micro-waves
3. Subjects with no previous exposure to micro-waves
(S) The panel at this cime has no basis upon which to suggest the
mechanism involved.
(S) It is recognized that the findingsto-date were presented to
the panel in an orientative way and the format of the presentation
was qualitative. The panel suggests that the data be prepared in a
statistical format for better scientific evaluation. The panel
would like the opportunity to examine the data in depth.
/,' ' .'
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)!\!;
0
UNCLASSIFIED
0

Panel Members
Briefing Team
Hr. Albert Rubenstein
Dr. Robert Fox
Joseph Barmack
ADDENDUH
January 17, 1969
The final results of the examination of the chromosomes
obtained from the peripheral blood of one monkey, previously ir-
radiated with the "Moscow signal" at a field strength of 4.6 mw/cm
2
,
indicate marked aberations in 40 percent of the cells. The tests
are being repeated.
I I f /
' " t.l 9 : 2 _[ ) f+ i
J
6
(- I

Director
15 February 1969
Document No. 9G61-2
Advanced Research Projects Agency
Washington, D. C. 20301
Reference:
ARPA Order Number:
Program Code Nuti".ber:
Name of Contractor:
Date of Contrac:t:
Amount of Contract:
Contract Number:
Principal Investigator:
Contract Expiration Date:
Short Title of Work:
Gentlemen:
791
8Ml0
Allied Research Associates. Inc., Concord. Mass.
l August 1968
$53,899.00
DADA17- 69-C -9021
J. Healer
31 June 1969
Review, Analysis, and Classification of Litera-
ture on the Biological Effects of Microwave
Radiation
This letter report is a resume of work performed during the second three
months of the referenced contract.
Information Base Source Material
During this period a continuous search, acquisition and review of pertinent
foreign and dorrtestic material on biological effects of radio-frequency radia-
tion has been carried out. Approximately 700 relevant documents have been
identified. Bibliographic cards have been prepared for most of these, and
those items currently available in this country have been acquired. An
unedited preliminary bibliogl'aphy covering new material added to the system
is included as an Appendix to this report.
Approximately 50 requests from Allied Research for information, abstracts
and/or translations of foreign reports, and original language sources have
been processed in this period by the Aerospace Technology Division of the
Library of Congress.
Preparation and Revision of Data Sheets
New data sheets are being continuously prepared, with a total of about 135
completed to date. An additional bioscientist has been recently added to the
project staff, in order to facilitate an accelerated rate of data sheet prepara-
--. ..
t'

At..LtED RES!tARC:H A$SOC1ATS, INC.
\., .
Document No. 9G61-2 15 February 1969
tion and information processing during the remainder of the contract period.
Sixty-two sets of completed data sheets and associated source documents
have been forwarded to the contract monitor during this period.
Application of Data System
While as yet not enough material has been fully processed to enable use of
the data collection acquired under this contract in its desired final automated
form, the information assembled to date, including reports, preliminary
computer printouts of bibliographic listings and completed data sheets, has
proved exceedingly useful in meeting various requests for information from
the technical monitor and from other concerned military and
civilian activities.
Data System Plans
During the next quarterly period it is intended to accelerate the rate of
effort on this project, including more rapid processing of information,
preparation of data sheets, and preparation of data cards and citation-index
cards. Selected data cards will be prepared to serve as a model for pre-
liminary testing of the data system.
JH/se
Very truly yours,
. .
Janet Healer
Bioscience s
ALLIED RESEARCH A550.CIATE5. INC.
APPENDIX

Bibliographic Listing
The following listing is a preliminary unedited printout of bibliographic
information from foreign and domestic articles, books, and reports dealing
with the subject of biological effects of radio-frequency radiation, which
has been prepared under the subject contract. This listing consists of
entries supplementary to the bibliography on this subject prepared under
the preceding contract (ARA Document No. 319-3-1). It is a working copy
only and has been included as a convenience to potential users in order to
make the information available as soon as possible. No items from the
previous bibliography are repeated here.
This working bibliography has been printed automatically from punched
cards. Each reference bears the document number assigned to it for
retrival and identification purposes. References are arranged in alphabeti-
cal order according to the name of the first-listed author, then in order of
year of publication, and then alphabetically by second author. Each refer-
ence contains complete bibliographic information in a format which departs
from conventional reference form as follows:
The format is similar for each type of reference. In the case of journal
articles, the first line includes the name of the first-listed author and the
journal information. The journal title appears as a four-letter code. It is
followed by a series of digits separated by commas. The first three digits
indicate the volume, the next two are the issue number, and the following
four digits are the page number. The page number-is followed by the last
two digits of the year with no intermediate separation or punctuation.
Following the year of publication is a separate notation of total number of
pages. The second line of the reference contains co-author's name(s), if
any, followed by the article title.
For books, the first line of each reference retains the form previously
described with only minor variations. The word BOOK appears in the posi-
tion allocated to the four-letter journal code and zeros fill the field where
volume, number, and page are found in the article references. The year
of publication is give" by the last two digits of the digit series. The second
line contains co-author's name(s), if any. These are followed by the title
and publisher.
Reports follow roughly the same format as o o k s ~ The code REPT replaces
BOOK.
Sections of books are identified by the code SECT and a page number may
appear in the digit string as well as a the year.
In addition, a separate line with one or more four-digit numbers occurs
after many of the references. These number codes represent the affiliations
of the authors. Where several authors of an article have different affilia-
tions, the corresponding affiliation codes are presented in the order of the
author listing, separated by commas for different authors. Foreign litera-
~ . ~ A L L I E 0 R E 5 E A R C H A 5 S 0 C I A T E 5 . I N C .
~ ~ ~
''
Appendix (Cont' d)
ture references and all reports have one additional line which consists of
English translation source(s) and availability information in the case of
foreign material. and report identification numbers in the case of reports.
Conversions of the four-letter journal codes and of the four-digit author
affiliation codes are presented at the end of this bibliography.
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__ 0_253X ____ . --------- ------ ____ ------- __________ -
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-- ,...,.._.,_.-... -.>,''"- ' - .,., . - . -- ._.,__ - . ,...._
.;;:;.!; ..... " ,. ' . ? - " - -
-
-------------------------
0392P
znr, T i.t,QSCO'I 'Co' 0
..... . I .Y , '- '- .... .. . . . .
'.U.67Y TR;It'ISL AVAIL OF so:-:C: SECTIONS . . . -. . . . .
-.-.; .... _ __, ________________________________________________ _
_ .. .il38fii\_ _____ a90K_QOQ.Jllll.!l0J1o_i5 __ Jl.Oli tP ----
03868 THE EFFECT OF ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
-:o386Y TRANSL FHOM GERMAN 8Y TECH LIS RES SERVICE FORO MOTOR CO
_....17_1_1;._ _____ .QO' 05453.'_ __ 0QQ.8P ---------------- __
61719 THE EFFECT OF HYPERPYREXIA INQUCED BY RADIATION UPON THE LEUKOCYTE COUNT
_ __9_1_7q _ _Q665 _0666_Jl66I_ _______ . ______________________ _:__ _________ _
6172A BOYSEN J E A IOM 00.7 00 051653 0010P
61723 AND PA fHOLOGIC EFFECTS OF ELECTROC.IAGNETIC Rl\OlATIOf'l (350

,-,
6009A V SFZKR 01201007066 0009P . . .
--coogscH;,;:Ji;Es-rN-THt: rrGRoTo-sussr AficE' THE-EFFEcT-oF--
&oo9c RADIO WAvES
6009X 0015
62870 IN PROGRESS REPORT NO 28- 1 APRIL 1965 THRU 30 SEPT
6287E AF qg 636 1402 A SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCH IN THE MICROWAVE RESEARCH
62aiF 'PoL"Yf'EcH-if.;sraRooKLYi\f ---------------------
G2a7x o7oo 0639 0639 0708 0639 0639
-6Ia7rAD:i'76i8iJJ'R-4522865--------------------,---------------
'
6288A L REPT 00000012366 0004P
62839 GROSOF G M A H ROSENTHAL S H ZARET M M
--628-SC EFF't:CTS-i.')'F""f,f[CR07:.WE-RADIATION--O:,I-THt:EYE ---------------------
62880 IN PROGRESS REPORT NO 29 - 1 OCT 1965 THRU 15 MARCH 1966 CONTRACT
-628&E .O\F-tt9-63-ST'+02 -,\SU!'l'">ARY-OFCURREiJT f1ESEt..RCH-IN-THE1'-1ICR01'iAVCRESEARCH __ _
6288F H:STITUT E PROGRfl.',iS POL YTECH PIST BR\lOKL YN
628Bx o7od 0639 D639 07DS 0639 0639
6288Y 438303 R 452 29 56
--------------------- --------------
6289A BIRENBAUM L REPT 00000005057 0002P
--6289BKI\PLAN -I-ROSENTH\L --------:-----:--.- -
6289C EFFECTS oF i-liCROiAVC: R;,QIATIOtl Orl TtiC: EYE
.60601\ BOLSHUKLIN I D MS59 00000000059 OOOOP
OF CERT OF _r.;F-LF _QENERATORS __ _

.6172A BOYSEN J E . AIOM 00700051653 OOlOP . , :
-6T72B HYPERTHERf:frC MiD P THOLOGICEFFECTS-OF-ELn:TRONAGt!ETIC RADI A Tr ON (:;
5
i),,,f)--
6172X 0668 0686
I ,
1
I
BOZIK L PRLK 01906024957 0003P
. . .
G;;;,,.u .... Jr ,.,.,:r::i 'lE.,.rc- r.r: E' .... 1,1,.\11:"'("" Po,. .... RI'Aur- .. ---
- -Y '* - >.t ........ '*""1..- Vt '-1-""" 1\VI'I "'J, '-' Uf'\'<IL....:Ii U j't I'.!C,. WV ..:J .;) __ :j
0051 ... - .
-------
.-.. -

.. 61158 THE OF AN ULTRAHIGH ELECTRIC FIELD ON OXIDATION
6115C PHOCESStS ANJ
. . '
- .
-&218AFRl:.iJON Au _____ REPT-000iOOiOOOOo3--0062P----------:---------
6278B INVESTIGATIO'I OF DIPLEXING TRAISQUCC::RS FOR VOICE

627eY AD 400487 ASD TDR 63 157
.6267A G H BOOK 0384P
-62678- IRTH f.CA-THEORY--AND APPLICA TfON ___ ---
. 626 7C HE i1T ING .

.6267X 0623
6263A eROdN W S JR REPT OOODOOOQ052 OD28P
,-6Z0.)3Pll'fS1 0"-CiJG!C"AL l-iAZARO-OF l-ION- 7{AD-If, T I-0tJ
6263X 0612
-::-6263TA!JI399tili-SDR To72--
HIGH FACILITIES
. 11622
--0012P-----:---------------
, 62540 SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ENERGY SLEEP
. 6 '+X Oool
. . .
-0"3"52A tlUSCof'C- ----RMAS-030i00-;0469&7-- 0060P-----;-----------:-----
. 03528 L CURRENT REGARDING THE EFFECTS OF RADAR WAVES ON

0352X 0304 '
0353A BUSCO R RMAS 03000071857 0040?
-"""ll"35"2f3 A 1 t. .. EDc-E CONC:t:Fr:TI;.rG!rlct:"FFECTs-oF-RADAR __ _
0353C .-lAVES LIVING Ai;D qLATIVE PROTECTIVE DEVICES II
-o"3"5"3To304 ____________
5Uoz,\ uO Jl\Hl" 1 K ouu, vu, nooo:J';I ooOoP
&0626 sr.;HHHY HYGIEI'iiC 'iORKING COiWITIO'iS ,\ND THE HEALTH OFINDIVIOUALS EXPOSED
--6062C" ""Sf?iJCT;:;l\lLOD:o.LTIOX""RA'(S"AND-C<::tTTT:.lt. TER ---

--606"17\liOTKTl'Ji\Tl\-
60613 VORONTSOVA A S E N OU9ROV5KAYA L R KLYACHINA I E
. TIGT 0000201376'+ 0003P .
_____ _
CEtHI.'lETEa 11;\VES -. -
--o252x-oo12- -----:----.---:----
- 0252Y ATD
'
6043A BYCHKOV M S TVMA 07300005857 0020P
o1T'f3Ef "Oli\cl17Es-oF-a:E"CT.-C!C-ACTIVITY -oF
6043C ANIMALS EXPOSED TO SiiF-UhF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
--f)U4"3X0021__________ ------ ------- -
&OSSA bYL.1KOV s ooulP
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF
:-61YS"5Qo-'p, IC f<:0\1 AIJt:' ELt:n"KoriA GNt:TICF1aos-(fF-'iARloi]S-p 1\RAi:ft:TERS- ----
. ' '
:1 ' .. :t
-------
. .
HKOV 'S'"--=- --M"s-s-9- 000 ;u(f, 00 o 059-- OOOOP ___ --.--.-:-:--:-:::-:::-. -::;--:-::- ----:--:--
. . - .

0
,': :: t ' :.n,."
tif<oV i-1 s- -- cN6iaao.-oo;ooo662- -acf(f3?_______ .... -------------

BYS.HJ50V_ii..a.-,-- ___ LN62_onQ_,_Q_o Q..O 'sag_ __ lL002P ____ _ ___ ..:__-__:_
6091A BYCriKOV S (N62 ooo,oo,non962 0003P
60819 SY;;G,\YEVSKAY.I\ V >\ OATA ON THE NON THER,'-1:\L EFFECT OF SHF-UHF FIELDS ON
6081C THE CHOLINEHGIC SYSTDIS OF AN ORGIIrHS:: . . .

. .Jl3808_ !iYi'!UiC.J_8_ _____ l!;lES.:_oo.Q._,_QQ, Q.Ou066 _.:__ Q_l_Q3P ______ _____ ------
03806 THE EFFECTS OF UriF FIELDS ON RETENTIOr! IN A VERBAL LEARNING TASK - BAYLOR
0380C UNIVERSITY 1966
Q380X 0647
..
6259A R L PCMW 003DOn279S9 0012P

6259X 063q
-61o2i\CARPENTEH R't: ___ ofcr4 oooOo6573as ---ooo2P ____________________ _
6162B SUPPRESSION OF DIFFERENTIATION IN LIVING TISSUES EXPOSED TO MICROWAVE
6162C RAJ!AT!Oi..;
___ _
. 6265X 06Jq
0160--000BP-- -------- ----
61636 BIDDLE D K VAN C A EFFECTS OF RADIATION
6T6.3C <!l'TrlPr.RT ICI.JL,\R-;'1EFERENCE-TOTHCEYE: -----------:.,-----:---:-- ------
6163X 063'-1
0392A CARPENTER R L SECT 00000813166 OOOBP .
-o392B A- foNs----------,,---- --
0392c IN ALTMAil P L Ai-lD D!TTHER 0 S CEQl C:NVIRQN,'-IENTAL BIOLOGY _
0392X0634
0392'( AD 646890 AMRL 66 194
R L . JMdP 00301000368 0017P
o M-(l:.i,\:f;:,t:f\SEi-f"C ... 'A-rnE'AcTTotfoF';:ncRo\:AVE RAOIATIONOMTHE-EYC-- ----
063'__ _____ ....,..:_:.:_ ___ __..:_ ___ _:_ __ _; ______ ___ .:_ __ _
6026A CARSTF.-JSEN E L REPT 00000001)062 0009P
60268 INTEIINAL CONOUCTIV!TY OF COLI
6026C FT DETRICK TECH 23
.;'
--- --------- ---- ---------

CAZZAMALLI F SECT OODrDD0125bO D028P
.----
F SECT 00000015360 0042P .
PHEOi1ENA !JHICH RADIATES FR0,'1 THE HUMAN BRAIN DURING
'0355C INTENSE ACTIVITY DREAMY HALLUCINATORY AND
-------------- ----
0355D IN fHE BOOK IL CERVELLO 1960
otv-LABT --------
. - . -
0282A R A ZVND 017t02t031367 0009P
02826 THE ROLE OF VARIOUS GRAIN IN EEG OF RABBITS TO
ciZa2C"" P"Ef<,,1AN"t:Nr ""FTEI::o -vHF -HF-:-AnosHl=-u"Rl='""" -------:------- ----
-0282C FIELDS . . - . ' .
-oza2X"ooo9 _______ -------,-::-------- -- -- --------------
ozs2Y
0281A R A FZHS 05305051467 0006P
___ _
0281C FIELDS . . . . - .
"l1Z81xuuo9 ------.
0281Y ATD ABSTHACT - " . . . . .
. .
6010A C R2:PT 000' 00 00006 7 0025P .
:601. ufJRUTi\ch-JSK I A -fl."E""cTROfiii\GNEII"C H HAZARL.l5"""1;:) ---------
lOC U S NAVAL APPLIEO SCIENCE LAB BROOKLYN NEW YORK
TECH I'!EfoiON0_3_ PROJ""9400 20-SF-OT3T:lo4-TASK-2162-- -------------
-6D07A A --vMzH oo-o;-o7;oo2565 --o-oosr ____________ - -------
6007G THE EFFECT OF SHF-UrlF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ON THE IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL
-6007C PROPE'If1t.'S-oF-THt: ------------:--:-----:--------c------:----.
6007Y ATO ABSTRACT . . . .
Q37DA CIECiuRA L 03806051962 0012P _
-o-"37USJ RIT!ECK"1C 7A THOL06CCAL --cH,t\HGtSINTHEIESiES_OF_RATS-SUt:h.!ECTED -TO THE ___ _
0370C SINGLE OR REPEATED ACTION OF MICROjAVES IS BANDJ
1:137ox --------------------------
0370Y kTO ABSTRACT

' ..
bLfbft LUGAN 0 G AAOP 0015P
. - ol f Ol;:l A'RACT:>
"6176XD630 0670 . -
------------------ ---
;" t .
COGAN D G AAIH 01800029958
. -

FREGUE:lCY RAOI,, TIOIJ .
o63u-oo7D-ilof3ooo71-.oo3o-o57ifro-6T:C---:---
""'OT7511--ccmSTANTt>-c--- ,lJr, o05o6"3"- oo""2 rP ___ --_-,--- ---:----:-: ------:::.-
:617sB E J THE RADIATIOfl HAZARDS IRAD HAZI PROGRAM ON- THE FORMULATION OF
"6Tfst-5TA'rJI)IiRDS ________ ------- ------------ --- ---- ....... ----------- ----- ---- --------

_ _:_p257-a_ _l'_C_JR __ OIOLQ.Ol.!..Q!L! _Q_3.!.f.96l__ _ OOO!P _________ _
0257C HEARING EM dAVES -
02.57X f1615
--
039aA CUTTER R S REPT 0000000U060 0020P
-03988 siOLOGIC;\L -EFFECTS OF AND HIGHEi<
- SELECTED _l<EFE:REcl::.];s__ IiLEiJGL_l_SH_1:_216.::_1.'159 _ _:_ ___ -------- __ ------
03980 NAT LIG PU3LIC SERVICE U S DEPT HEALTH EDUCATION AND riELFARE
0398X 0709 -
.__fi25Ji'L DA_Q_IReJ.A;L8__!l __ 0:?,_715_2__ _, _ OOJl!iP _________ ___:___ __ -----__ _
. 625DB A SAFETY PROGRAM AN INDUSTRIAL FACILITY
_ _.92.581\___ 0626 ____________________________ _: ____________ --
AVE
__________________________________ _
0672 0614 0614 0614 0614
------------------ ---------------------
6177A DAILY L AAOP 03500100152 0017P
6177B \:AKin K G HERRICK J F PARKHILL- E M 3Et!EDICT ,., L THE EFFECTS OF
6177C MlCHOWAVl ON THE EYE OF THE RAHGIT .
_6177: 0614 ____________ _:._ ________ ___:_ ___ _:
6274X 06l'-!
Gl7a;i l.AILYL _______ AAOP-o34,oi);130l5l-- 0006?____ --- --- ------
61788 ZELLER E A K G HERRICK J F BENEDICT W L INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVES ON
"617t3C CEi-H AIN-ENZ:HiE SYSTt:i-15--IN-THE LE'iS OF-THE EYC:--------------------
6178X 061q 0672 0614 C614
6223A DAVIS H PCMW 00200001958 0014P
&2233 -RAC;GE DEVELOP--:;:SifPLANS IN-THE: AfR-FORCE ___ -----
_J)223:s_ C62g__ ____________________________________ .!_ _____ _
6249A a PCMW 00300007259 0003P
. &N MICROaAVE RADiATION
0632 -
----------------------
W B PCMW 00300006259 0009P
62 t!t::-fUt\1: EI-\EPL fr;'(;ER14E:FHCTS oF- ENV fRQ}f:\iEf:lfAL r t::ii1PER ATllRE-ANOAiRVOUJii,E- --
6247C EXCt1ANGE ON SURVIVAL OF RATS EXPOSED TO MICROWAVE RADIATION QF 24000 MC
6247X U632
,.......... --
U'-fVI"'< ..... ... ,,.,,..,l'.flf u v foJVt"IU UU:J'PU':J'U.'+.J.OO.::>
BERNAL E STEPHENS F LAttDEEN K EFFECTS ON DOGS OF EXPOSUt<E TO
:_
. 6275'1 ()632
' '
A OEICHMANN W B INMS 02800021259 0002P
KfrL.INGERN EJERN,\L -E-RELAfiOil OF IrlTERRUPTEO-PULS-EDMICRO\tAVES-TO ---
_____ _: __ _:_ ___ ---------------------- _
.. ' ' . - ' .,. ' . '" .
6250A GEICHMANN W B PCMW 003rD0007759 OD05P ,
' 62509 KEPLINGER M OERNAL E RELATION OF INTERRUPTEO PULSED MICROWAVES TO
--6250C BIOLOGICACHAZI\KDS --------------:-------------------------
6250X 0632 .. _
----------------------
6293A DEICHMANN 8 JOMD 00100036959 0013P
. 62933 F H KEPLINGER M LAAPt K F ACUTE EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION
6293C ON EXPER MENTAL [24000 -
-6293X-063.:?.-- --------- ----------------------::-----

- Q261A DINKLOH d OOft00012366 0009P
02618 HEALTH CAUSED BY RADAR WAVES
-(f<62.!1 l)006E_C__: _____ --0037P-- ---------'----------
02628 KASSEL S SOVIET RESEARCH-ON THE NEURAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVES
--0262C t,TUREP-66-iJ',r------------- -- --------------------
DOLHlA L A MS59 0000000ft459 0002P
DOLINAL_A _____ ARPT-023r0f'00516l--0007P--;;------------------
IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM UNDER THE EFFECT OF

0393X 0016 0052 . -
0393Y -.iPib 9llt>
6U3UY AD U S ARMY MEG RES LA8 REPT 565
-0285:\ DKOGI'CHii;'ICE A--GTPzoio;-o7i001366 --0004P--------------- ------
02135:; tl 1'-1 GLOTOV1\ K V S,,DCHII\OV_.; A SNEGOVA G V
-(IZ65cur<ltfE' l'KObL.EM Oi"V!::I>ET A TTITE-:-A'ID- CA?..D I ov ASClJLAfr ____ _
02850 TO CHRONIC EXPOSLlRE TO FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
C285;< 001.<::
_i)<i:85r__ __ ------ -----------
DROG!CHINA E A . GTPZ 006r010028&2 0007P . . -
-G281<8 SADCtlTKl:lvlif.IAGfflzaURG -0-A CHUL -CERT Itl-CLiNRAL IFES
FRO>i CtiRONIC EXPOSUr<E TO CEIHI\1ETER ;\AVES
----------- --------------
_...:;__..:_
JPI\5 13157
610% Df<OGICHlrJA E A MS63 000 00 002963 OOOOP
-6f0:'18 "5ADC}f!KOVII i\ ------------------
: -,:-, __.. : "". ". . "' - ': .''" ....
_ ..

---

r
I
-
A --Ti:"Giooll;()Tii)los-oq:--OOO"S"P____ -------- -------
(;245t;l' SAD<;:HIKOVA A CL!NICr.L DURWG THE ACTION OF__:_V..:.:A::.:R:..:I.::O.:::.U.::S ____ --''--
. RANJES _ , .
o245 ( oi:n2 . . .- >. . . .
ATD A trsl"f{fi'CT-:-- --:-. .--: :--_- :- ::-- -:; :-: '": --.--:::-_ ,----:---
.A--GTvzoo9io1o017o'!!--ooosP------,.--- ---------
o283J SAOCHlKOVA M A CLINICAL SYNDROMES ARISING UNDER THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS

0263:.: 0012
--o763'1"JP:''<'5'"2'9o'J'+T :JoS-215'73' ________ -:-

. -
. -0'2'1!'5A 'E'AK HCS" K-----PSR'rolTll'();019z-o2-- OCOlP ___ - --------:---------
0286B.THOMPSON D EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON ACTIVITY LEVEL OF RATS
--O"Z9fA"EAKIN-s-K- ----PS'Rt-Ol7ilJOJOS-9s-65- -OOOBP--
0297B THOMPSON W 0 9EHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF STIMULATION BY UHF RADIO FIELDS
--il297X06'+7-------------. --------------- --------------
&230A ELY T S 00200009758 0008P
_ J>2308 F I!;L.O_TRIA.!:__QF'_R!CHARDSOr..;_li_!_CHQVI,\ VE_OCSitlETER __________ ----- ___ _
0689
---------------------
ELY T S REPT 01500007757 0062P
62858 GOLDMAN D E HErRON J Z WILLIAMS R 8 CtRPENTER fl M HEATING
6285D UF LAbORATORY ANIMALS EXPOSED TO TEN-CENTIMETER
__ f>?_82<;_ ,\!,__BES_I '-'Q_ RC:SEARCJ::LBEP.LEROJ _lci!4 J!QJ._OSQ_1_3_02 __ - _
6285X 0618
_________ _
.
6216A Ely T S 'PCMW 00100006457 0013P
6216 J G 0 l o:1 A u E HEATING CHAt< ACT EH I 5 TICS 0 F LA
-.J?.?J6<;_lEil J;ENT l!:'IETE.fL :-1 _ _____ -'----------------
6216X
--62sor:- ELYT_S ____ --ITtlE01lD40123o<> --
62863 D E J Z HEATING CHARACTERISTICS OF LABORATORY ANIMALS
62i36C EXPOSEu TO TEi1-CEi4Tii1ETt:.R
_____________ _
. '
'
. '
------ ----

OF THE

MEANS OF PROTECTION
, . v1 c ---------------
, . 0 ux 0039 . ' .. . . . . .. :. . . . . . _, .
-.. __ _.,: __ . _____ -.:.._:._ __
f .
62-34 FiSCHER F P- .PCMW OD3DOD01559 0007P
cl4.3tl ht:UoALit:R R A SJ\RKEC:S 'I T C h
62to3C INSTnUi!,EilTATION OF BIOELECTRIC H.'\ZArlDS
i--c2i"3o ff.JTA TURC: HAZfiRi.l 1-:ETER- -------
OSaOi'll4 CSWARTZ G ELECTRICAL
AI_?OO_:VIC ANQ__THE OEVELOP;.:ENT
' 624.3X 062d

J 0 00400022960 0022P
'r' ol558 PHhlEO C R tlt,US rl ,VJCAFEE fi D '--liCROAVE RADIATION HI RELATION TO
, 6155C BIOLOGICAL NEURAL CTIVITY
-----:----=----- --- -:--:-::-- -------- -----
' l-Ol56AFOFMiov-PN ____ -ooosP_________ -------
i 026Btl FEATURES PECULIA," Tu HEI100yt<M1ICS I1l PERSONS \IORKING IN COCJDlTIOiiS OF
I 02SOC HIGH RADIATION . .
i 028SX 0021
02d5Y-JPRS363ul,-TT 6i> 32733____ ------:------------------------
6292A FR/\NK-;'\Mi!:NETSKTi:-DANP-136 02' 0'+ 766l--0003P ___ -------:----
62929 PLASr A EFFECT EFFECT OWAV
-ooooP________ ---------
60&toi3 DEPENDENCE OF THE AUSORPTlON OF ENEHGY BY A HUi.lAN IN AN ELECTROMAGNETIC
----------------
1 - .
6121A FREilKEL G L MS37 ooo.oo.o41D37 OOOOP

-----
1 6217n S J PCMW 00100007957 ODlDP
MlLKOwAVc uiScOSS!UN (AI IHISciCVlCE
6217X 0613 .
t-----
1 FREY A H AERM 03212114061 0003P
--(;2sea i':lJB! TORY' '""SYS TE:CRESPONSE To- RADIO -FREGUEilC'f t:tlERGY-
e255X 0649
D259A FREY A H 01704066962 0004P .
. --075'93Tim:"AN- AOJTT.:m S'fS T C::l RESPO}lSte to-:'100ULA TED-t:LEC ICENERGY -----
.. 02:59:< 06';9 .

'
''-----'7-C;;-2:;6 4;_;;5:_,;.7c=n-;:;
7
o;.;.O::;.O ,...;.----
C26Qa SIEM WITH LOW-INTENSITY PULSED UHF
__ --
------------------
. . . ' - . . ' . - ' - . -.

____ GTPZ-000102002763--0003? ____ _
. 02898 HYGIENIC EVALU;,TrOr! OF \'IORKING CNJDITIONS HJ \'liTH HIGH-FREQUENCY
(l2G9C CUHREiHS
0289;<. OO<;o
--b2a9T ::6f,11t.rss _______ _
,, - .. ,.:- ,, ......
'>}
------------
. SMUROVA yE I CHANGES IN THE FUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF SOME ANALYZERS IH
..
6
102c TO
. '.
'
FUKALOVA-fTP ___ T!GTOOOr1J21Jl4116tt--000'5P---:--- ----------
SENSITIVITY OF OLFi\CTORY AND VISUAL At-IALYZERS IN INDIVIDUALS EXPOSED TO
11 rmaocrscr . -------
025'+X
ool2
025<tY
ATi.) ABSTRACT
. . .
___
! THE EFFECT OF SHORT AND ULTRASHORT <lAVES ON aOOY .1\ND THE RATE
;... -C2ltlC AC .. ---------_-- --,.---:----------:--
02'tlX 0012 . .
: 02'l-l Y i\ TO ABSTRHC f
-
rc:.lTOTirrai'::m: .. U"I{Il.t=>-r---mrtiulJPU<Torscr&'+--oorrOP--- -------------
1 aUD19 HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTIC OF CONDITIONS NEAR THE SOURCES OF SHORT
,_ -buOTc-'AlTDUCTR/'\SFHJTII \'IAIJES_A_f RADiOAHO -rv ""5 TATro iTS--------:-------:-------
I . .
' 8001X 0012
1
bUUll' AlW ABSTRACT
I . .. .
r-auObi\'FUKi\L\JvA -p-p---- GTSA lnT ;ll2 OOQIJ6o - oou:YP- ------------------
' 800oa EFFt:CTI VENESS OF PROTECTIOt.J I; iST Sii AfJO US\1 IC F IELOS AT
l-auooc- r:P:Cff?J-AN:T IO.iS ___ --- -------
! 8006X 0012 -
' sTi6o7;.;;.;c; -- ---------- -- ----
FUKALOVA ? P GTPZ 00007rG00566 0005P
TOLGSKAY t4 V YA_I_il_ ZEN WA..l _t! ____ ___ _:_ __
RESEARCH DATA ON THC: ST ANDIIRDI ZATION OF C FIELDS IN THE
8007'1 SHORT 1\NU ULTB'SHOPT ':!AVE RANGeS
B007X 0012 .. . .
_ _aQ07:L 1\ T..Q...B.EfJ_6Q._12.f?.!. AQ_ ----______ _ _: ___________ _
_ _ 60<t2L GAEE:ff..V_E..l ____ I.YMI\_Q],3_r_QQ!Jlt5257 __ Jl.Q.QOP _____ _;_ ____________ _:_
60423 THE EFFECT OF UriF/SHF FIELDS ON SIGHT ORGANS
o042X 0021
_ _Ql22_A __ _, ____ Vr4DE_QZ.Q_jl_;:5_ CQ..d06,;i _.Q_QQ.6P -----'-----
61258 TREATMENT OF TENOVnSI
1
1ITIS WITH (RADARI HYOROCOR ISONE
------------- ------------
6l25X 00'-12
023an GELFON I A TIGT 00002006864 0002P
_ _j)238CJ OF _1J!.SI4 \i i VE:L OF _L_()i'l_lJ'ITEtlSrTL OtUiJST MlHlE_CNlTGJT ______ _
023SC IN THE BLOOJ OF ANIMALS .
_ _fi23SX 0012 . . .
o2:By ATP 11.9STiiACT _________ - ---------------
GELFON I A TlGT 00002013364 0004?
__ 025H; SADCHIKOV.ll :.i A PHOTEIH FRACTURES Af'D BLOOD HIST11'HNE UNDER THE ACTION OF
02SlCRi1DIO-IiAVES oFv;,RIOUS RiNGES _______________________ -------
jl_Olg_ -------'------- ---'---------------;__---------
ABSTRACT .
6039A I A GTPZ 00905002865 0006P
.. ...PQ390 FE::;OROVI\ V I Pr,TUSHHISi\II G l EFFECT OF HF/VHF (UVCHI THERAPY OH _
6039C- -OF-T H.;:: LUNGS i:t-.i--E.X:PERVlH:TALSILICOSIS--.----
__ 6039t_;':_i\&iJSii_SUililfl.fb'__________________ ------------------
.: ' ,., .. '- ':
. '
.,
6082A lEV LN62 OQO,Q0,001462 0002P
60828 ON ThE CLINICAL ASPECTS OF MICROWAVE EFFECTS
' ''
:,, 02SO'A GiilZBURG_o_:r_:..__TlGTOOO;o2;012664 --0007P------------ -:-----....:.
. 02508 SAOCHIKOvA H A CHAiiGES OF THE UNDER CONTINUOUS
ACTION OF RAQIO-\'IAVES---------------------------------
D012
.;,.
-:-61'30,; GLEZtR_D_'fA ____ LN37 000 ;OOOOJ537
---------------------
- 6135A GCLYSHEVA K p SECT 000 DO 0063 0012P
61350 IN PROdS METRICS AND DOSIMETRY OF FREQ IN BIOL AND MEDICINE
____ .:..__:_ _______ _:__ _____ .:.__"""'_:.._ _______ . ___ _
. -
6116A GOLYSHEVA K P MS37 00000030937 0016P
-61168 Mmrt IY ;;5'HEVA-tTM -HiFLutrJcC6F-UL TRArli GH-FREQUENcY-ON THC GROt-JTH OF-IVHITE --
olisc
6117A GOLYSHEVA K P MS37 00000000037 OOOOP
-6Tl79 ANDtUYAShEVA-tT M -----
_J).!_17t;__DEvt::U)P:AEN_!_ _____________ --------------------------
8008A GOiiCHAROVA ij GTPZ Ol007rOOtG66 0004P
80088 V B MAKSIMENKO N V OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE IN WORK
SOOBC USED IN TV AND RADIO BROADCASTING
-S008X 004l ______ ------
__ 8E_08!__ ___ -'-----'-----__;- _;__ __
GORDON Z V
. -- ..
MS_57 000 00 006757 0002?
60 GORDON Z V SECT 000t00013560 OOOOP
-1)0'77b-IT-ILrTAV"EIA A -PI-1YS1CAL I"ACTORSOF"' THE-ENV-IRON,iENT-MOSCO'tJl960 ______ _
omJ3J\GORDON ___ 0002P-- -----------------.
60839 CERTAIN FEATURES OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF OF'VARIOUS RANGES
.Q227A GOROON Z V TIGT D000200a364 0007P ,
ozZ?a!<EsJ[Ts-w-A-COMP'KE:rfE"f-iSfVF'"SfDOYC}'--fRE ----
0227C FR[liUEiKY ELECTROi'lAGNET I C :.NO THE OUTLOOK FOR FURTHER RESE!\RCH
0227X 0012------------------ ------ --- -----.----------
0227Y ATO
0235A GORDON Z V TIGT 00002005764 0004P
02"3-:>"8 EFFc:crs-o""Fr-l1CRO,iAVES ON iHE OF-BLOOD PRESSURE-Hl-EXPEifr t-:.ENTS-ON- --
023:iC ttll;lALS
-- ---------------
----------------------
D235Y ATC ABSTHACT
-E15RTfo::Jz-r----'--GTPZOiOI1o;QoD366 --0-004P ______________ -------
02908 ELECTROIMGNETIC RADIOFP.EOUENCY FIELiJS AS A HEALTH FACTOR

o2yo Y 39820
' '
6138A.GORJON Z VET AL 00000000057 OOOOP
AtfTI-IALS-UNDEH THCACT IOi:j OF-ULTRAHIGH---------
Gl38c FREGUENC rEs . . , . . . .. . . . . . . .

MS59 000 00 008759 0002P
:-1

. 6109, T"' GSil:.v.; M ,... 'LEK<:MJDROVn L S . .. . . . . .
____ -:__ .... __ =..:_ _ _:__...:...:... ___________ _::_ ________________ _
GORGON Z V TIGT 00002015164 0007P
()d.5:>d lELISt.(EJ V v ::.,;Ft.uOArwS i\G;u:lSI 5Ht:/UHf- KA0IA1 IOfJ AND I HUt-< ErFICIEucy
0012 . .

.- . - .
--6U2"5A FLKR006tll-5"f162Z61J--0007P __________________ _
60253 THE EFFECT OF RADIO ON HEMATOGENIC ORGANS
. 6U25C REPKODUCl Io,; Ai:D THO: HIGiiER NERVOUS ACTIVITY
6025X 0015 . . . . . . .
-:G-025Y
- -60a4.';""G"OFWIJET5;<A Y ;\-S""F-Tf<62-o 00 u 0 00 'l 062 --00 0 OP- ..:___:._ __ -:--::--:--:- _:_ -----
G084J THE EFFECT OF UHF/SnF ON REPRODUCTION ORGANS
-6011A GOROOETSKAYA SF FZKR 00803039062 0007?
. -couns- i'fiJRP"FiCJL'DGTCAL THI\NG'ES'J:I'r TriTER,\J.I\L uTI G.'\r1S-\iHEWTHE"" 'URGA"f!TSM !"S "EXFOS"E() ro --
6011C THE EFFECT OF WAVES
--6UfiX.uOL:> --------------------------------------------
6 Y FTD TT 62 1361/1+2 AD 292205
GORODETSKAYA S F FZKR 00903030463 0002P .
THEt:FFECT-v""F-cErTt IMEfER RALif"o-.IAiTE"S ON ::1oUSI:CFERTTL1TY _____ --------
6024X 0015 ..
--6iT24r'JPRS -3T815",-tJ03 22533-----------:-- ___ '" ____ ----
6o'Ror5tl's:<:l'!'if 5 F aoa-8? .... ------ ... ---- ---------------
_ _Q023'3 __ Kj:rNV >!.._ l:!_ _!EL Crl.1 IN_S0,"1E_FU'ICT I INQEXES_I "!_]HE ____ _
6023C TESfiCLES OF TO 3
6023X
--6023r A To AssT;,AC:r _____________________________________ _
0225A GORJDETSKlY A 900K 00000001064 0120P
_ _jl22S!l_ 2 IOLOQICi.L_,:,cT IO::l__ OF _UL TR_A_SOL!.!::D _______ _
C225C
_ ____ ..::. __ :_ _______________________________ _
022sx oc15
0225Y 30860 TT 65 31380 N65 28700
__ GR[t)ENS_I:!CH I i\.'2_V.!.;_...t\._l,JJ62_00Q_o n 0 n 06 __ OO_Q_Q' _______ :._ ____ ___ _
6U85U THE EFFECT OF UHF/SHF FIELDS If! THE DECIMETER AND METER WAVE RANGES OIJ
_ __Q_85C THE i'iOTOR EV TOR OF THE Gt.STROINTEST HIAL TRACT Il'l DOGS AND __ _
ooasc'Gurr;EAPIGS-------------------------------------
GUi.N SA PCW1 00400009960 OOOSP
GOULD T C Ai'WERSON A 0 Ti-lE EFFECT OF i>l!CRO\IAVE RADIATION (24000 __ _
ot.jTHE MALE Ei'IDOCRI'E SYSTE:tOFTHE-RAT _____ ------------
__________________________________________ _
------
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6004X 0021 . ' . . . . . . .. . .
. ATD ABSTRACT . . . - . .. . .
------- ---
. .
0229A GVOlOIKOVA N TIGT 00002002064 0006P
02298 ZENINA I N ZaK V I THE EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS SHF-UHF ELECTROMAGNETIC
-o229C FIELOSOiJ THEcErlTRAL ---- .
0229X OOi2 . .
-0229Y ATD-:-AElSTi"l'AcC___ ----- -------------- ----------
621lt, HAi!UELS14AN ,.; 00lr00002357 0009P
62113 FUTURE MICROWAVE RADIATION HAZARDS
_____________
-6226:\ HART:-tAITF- pC,\1\1 Oo2;-[)o,()o5L+58
riE1\iiN E-----Tt-tEs-ooo.oQ; ooooo5--0o77P- ------- -----------
EFFECTS_ uF .YH'=._ R t,O I 0 _F_jELDS_ Otl V_lSU_<_L_1_\S_il_IT'!:_ _<riD _c::5_IT I I __ _
IN THE ALBihO RAT
0291X 0647
. . .
6229A HERRICK J . OD200nOa858 0009P .
PEAHL CHAIN FOR,'lATION . .. . . __

------- ---
0637
. '
H!GIER

DARANSKA W EXAMINATIONS OF THE GENITAL ORGANS AND STUDIES OF THE __ _
r;;Err::>TRUAL CYCLE-r"N-:-io:'1EN r:TG- I N-fiiE F! ELO-OF '1-lTCRO\J AVER 1\!::fi A'rToTJ-
: olo'+' F <3 AlOH (f06rCiOr051252 0006P
. 61848 'PARJ<.<::R J T i3ILATERAL OPACITIES OCCURRING IN A TECHNICIAN
- olB'+C
75 __:..:._-c---- __ :._ _:__: _:_:. .::::_ _ _:.....:. ..:::_ :._ ---- _.:_.....:'...::. ::__.:..._
6 OF

'6241}1 CJ ______ pcrtToo2.oi);Q24253 --OOl2P------.----.---------
o241B G W REVIEW OF THE WORK CONDUCTED AT STATE Ur!IVERSITY OF IOWA
6241C IUSAF . . . . . .
6241X 0631 . . . . . . - . ..
--------------------------------------------.--------
6186A IMIG C J ICBE 000r00r000359 0003P
. -6T868 'S'E;.r<LE G'ii- REPORT-FROti-STAfE UN I VERI STY-OF-I 0\'i A -DEPARTt:fHJTOF PHYSIOLOGY--
0631
6185A !MIG C J 069r0003624B OOOSP
"6TBS
0
J Tif0,'iS0TJ-JUHH;E:'S-HMI'"E51TClJLAi1 Ot::GEfTEHAIIO'fAS-ARE"'SULT OFMICRO':iAVE ---
6185C IRRADinTION . .
-6la5xOo3.1""7" ___________________________________________ _
--o-2'93;:. IS,'.;,\ILOV 1:. SH VL..Etl OOO;U2014-f66 0003P
02933 EFFECT OF MICROWAVES ON.OPI\LINI\
Y A TDABS --------------------------------------
_____ --ooo3P--..,--- --------------
CHANGES OF PHAGOCyTIC ACTIVITY AND MOBILITY OF EUTROPHILS UNDER THE
--fii2n:1VA:J!JV-vr- t:. T-/II- "'S5To00Pll0005'2"57- -ooo'2"P-- ----------------
61273 BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN BLOOD UNDER THE CHRONIC INFLUENCE OF IONIZING

d S PCMW OOOBP
624CB SUSSKIND C E OF THE WORK CONDUCTED AT UNIVERSITY OF


C337A KALL A R REPT 000r0000006B .0180P
C.)37lJ ,;AriS H i'l KEPORT 01' PE5t.nf\CH Pf<OJECTIO STUDY R;.DIATIOfl
(,.)37C HAZI\R::JS CAUSEfJ SY HIGH PO'.',[R HIGH FREGUEiJCY FlEUS
-- D3i:l7Ci. 'REPJRTFCHlJ5-l,'JFD -A"GENCYL.'nCJER"-CO!JTKt:C1-rAl.r651-- ------:-----:---
o3S7x 06.96
----------------------------------------------------
6065A KALYADA T V MS59 000r00000059 OOOOP
RAUIATION LONUIIIokS IN
&J65C MOORING TESTS

6040A KALYADA T V SECT 000r00006664 OC02P .
--:-.:, iJ4u:rTE'?Pti<AIURE' -SE'i:'S'II rvrry -AivO-FU:JCI ION A[ l"lOEii C1T'r ()F"'THE'WIO"'REC-EPT OR'S' UNOER---
604QC TltE EFFECT OF ULTRA FREQUENCY
o . . ifd'ROC scrst::ssotvott:b to- 40TH sti: RES- ri.JStTABbFdiYG Af-:b ot:Cuf:> ...
:_t- LENH:Gc\f,Qr 1964 . ' . . _
t
. ;,iS TRACT FR0'1 REF ZH BIOL NO 12 1965 t.aSTRI\CT. tIO 14P162 IN JPRS 345il8 _
-
T V OOOlP
. 'Oq9u KULjKOVSKAYA YE L OSIPOV YU A PHYSIOLOGICAL IN WORK WITH .
. , _p.[<HJ;L!:)}GtL ELEC TRO<,IAGNET I C_F IELDS _______ :__.:....:_ ____ ._ :_ ___ - _: __ _
-. ' . . - . - .
-62:39AKEPLINGERM L---PC"1i:-oo2.ooD21558 --OOl9P----------------
: 62395 OF THE 't.ORK CONDUCTED AT -tNIVERSITY OF MIA'H (USAF SPO'-!SOREDJ

Boo9A KHAZAN G L GTPZ 0020t00095cl OOOBP
.80098 GONCHAROVA N N PETROVSKIY V S CERTAitJ PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIE!IE IN
-soo9c v:ORK\HTtiH"i"Gti FREouc:r.;cY' cuRRENTS----------:------------------
&009 0041 . . - .
-a009Y JPRSL _____ --------------
6057A KHAZAN G L MS59 00000005359 OOOlP
__ EFFECT'i_ QE:_ _QJFFERE:iT_F_BEGUEN.(;JES Af!D ------
60575 DIFFERENf OF AN FIELD ON THE ORGANISM
__ ------ ---------------------------
6076A KtiAZAN 6 L SECT 000rOOnl5260 0010P
6U76B PISKUNOVA V G ANATOVSKAYA V S OF LAaOR HYGIENE AND OCCUPATIONAL
&076C PATHOLOGY OUR!';G WITH FREQUENCY EQUIPMENT .
- -6076DDl-LETAVETf\r,-PfirsffAL -FACTORS -OF THE-ENV IRON,''.ENT--MOSC0'i196o ---- ---
--e;os9i\ KHOLOOOV-YUA ___ MS59 ooo;()();oo5859 --OOOlP ____ _
-6103,\ KHOLODOVYU A
6103D EFFECT uF A PULSED Ut:F/SHF FIELD ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE
610:JC CORTEX Or A iiUHi'<t\L AND AN ISOLATED HAFli.liT BRAIN ,

-o'""2:H!\ Krl0i..ODOV"TU/, ___ TIGTOOO;Q2,()o3:3-o4--Q006P______ -------
02318 ZENWII I IJ ThE EFFt:CT OF CAFFE:I::F ON EEG DURING THE ACT!Oi,l OF
023lC PULSED Sill--vi-IF FfEU THE HlT.I\CT AilD ISOLATED t3RAIN OF A RABBIT
02J1X 0009 0012
--O"iJl Y P,Ti)ABSTRI\CT- ------
------"
...
-6oo61\K"ffsovsKAYA!A--11s59-ooo.oQ;oooos9 -oooop-- ------ ------
&o&&R THE HIGHER !JERVOUS aCTIVITy OF RATS EXPOSED TO CHRONIC EFFECTS
b066C OF R;>;DIO FREuUErC_Y vAVES
------
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIOt! OF THE ACTION OF OF VARIOUS
0232C or1fi1E NEr<voussYSTc::.1 oF RATS suscEPTiaLE ro sourm-sTIMULU5 ______ _
01
r
KLJrli{OVA -OEUTSCHovCti:JE oi6r030l'J'H';3- --0008P- ------------------
__ o_g_9_?tl_'FCC.!_ OF ______ ______ ------
0296Y FTD TT 267 450604
', . - --- .. -- .- , .. -,. - ...
. - '. . . ' .. ..:. .. :. . . - . ..
.... ,- .. - ,. - .. - ..... . :,.;._---- .. _,. ......... -.......
Ut.UTSCHvVL,GG (J2Lu 01 00016.) OOlOP .
. 0295B 'RO,r'H 8 THE EFFECT OF ELECTROI-IAG' !ETIC ON THE NERVOUS SYSTE'l -----
tUJ-ELECTt<UEJiCEPH;\LOGRAPHICSTUDY ___ -:----- .. --:---:- . -
_ 6213X 0688 . _ . .-.
--------------------------------------------------
.. 621SA KNAUF G M PCMW 00100003957 0005P
--62188TnVESTIGATivrJoFTtiE-8IOLOGICAL EFFECTS
621SC ,,ppumrx A
.6218X 0668
_____ PCM:I-0020Q;iJoo35B--ori06P------------------
62218 OUTLINE AND PURPOSE OF MEETinG CSECOND TRISERVICE CONFERENCE>

G PCMW 00200004958 0005P
62253 i!E\": CO<Ki::PTS It! PERSOtH:EL PROTECTION
-6225X 0622--------------------------------------------
-6233A _____ PC,"1;J002Di);Ol2458 --0002P-------------------
6233S REVIEW OF THE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS PROGRAM
6233.>.. 0622
A 00
61878 MICROWAVE EXPOSURE AND MISSILE PROPELLANTS AS OCCUPATIOrJAL HEALTii
-6T87CPROGLE,-.fs------------------------------------------
_
62191\ KNAUF G M PCMW 001r00009457 OOlOP
62198 J L OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIO FREQUENCY
6219C Er<ERGIES 1940-1957 - ;..PPENDIX 8 ;,
--62197. ooao ----------------------------------------------
--6\JSO<'I Kt,OHRE K ___ ------------------
bu::>li\ UV>o"lt. K "
6U51G OELITSKIY B M
0001
-----------------------------------------------------
6012A KNORRE K G SECT 000 00 037460 0009P
- -60.12;3 'bORDW! -z-v- -r.tETHOU"S"'UF" r;T'EJl:SDRTIJG- 51fF 1DrlF'F1El'O "P --
6012C THE HYGIENIC ESTIMATE OF LABOR CONDITIONS DURING WORK WITH
6U12D It: A l V NOSCOj-LENINGRAD 1960
0012 - .
- _6_0.f2Y ;.. TTI liB'S TFtA\:'r---- -------:-------------------------
- ()3'Q(J,-;- r.OLC:SNIK ___ 0003P- -----
-------------
NALYSHEV V M THE OF CLINICAL OF ACUTE INJURIES
------------------------------- -----------------
.
KOLESNIK F A VMZH 000r070b3967 0003P
--0'3iH8- 8 -F- 'Et1D-O-C'R !Nt.. "5 ySTEf'l Li1 ,- -:-JEFfS ---
0301C EXPOSURE TO FIELDS
U30IY A I u AdSTHAC f
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. - . .
---- '- ------
t .;::: ... :::.:.:.:.> ... .. ,._._ .. ...... "'': "'"'"-- -... : ..
! :: -(JZ'>7A- i'Of.CHXC"OVSKIIYr;- N f!Til>roouill2t7iTllf6'+- 0005P- ---- ---- ----
. 0.24 7a, KH:1AF!I\ S N GLOTOIJ A r: V CONDl TIO:l OF CIIROIOVASCULAR UNDER THE
:--
0
247Ci\C1To'N or:- VA'"Rrou5RANGEs--- ---- - -:-;, ---....,-- ---
- - -:-- ---
-KONINJ:>-r-1- ---SECT-00000- 03S360--
V A ET ELECTRONICS INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
,- h -C Et..EKTt{OiTIKA:-V-tiEOITSINE-; 1-10SKO.-;-LEiJINGRAD;-l960 ------:::;-
6013Y FTu rT 63 1200 600581
; 6Q.l4.'" KORdE!::___f _____ __ __ . ____ _:_ ____ . _____ _
,-601'+3 5EHr,VIOR EFFC:CTS OF HIGH Fr!EQUc}JCY RADIO \1AVES ABSTRACTS .
'
:_j>Q.l4;L066Q_ ________ ---------------------------------
0383\ KOR:3EL S F PSYS 0002P
1 03838 FINE H L EFFECTS OF HlTE:JSITY UHF RADIO FIELDS AS A FUNCTIOJJ OF
l
r_..J)38_,1C FREJUEcLC_L_
0383X 066U
-----
. . '
' ..
'
!-6029A KORTEUNG J---Rt:PT- ooo;Q'O.ooooo4 -0014P _________________ _
, 6029t3 BACH S A ACTIVITY CHfiO,IGES IN ALPHA-M:YLIISE SOLUTIOi,lS THEIR
6029C EXPOSURE TO
_ _Ei029Q_ LABOR[;_T_QRY.!... 0RLJS!'lOX 548 ___ _
6029;( 0602
--------- ---- ---
o295A KRAilER G
02988 EXPERIMENTS ON
. RC_TT_!l62!_
DVOG 01602005551 0005P
TriE PERCEPTION OF ULTRA-SHORTWAVES BY BIROS
_6G59Q______ -------------------
1
0299A KRYSTANOV L VMOE 00004004166 0006P
! 0299B GOSHEV K THE PERIPiiERAL BLOOD CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONNEL EXPOSED TO A
--0299C ------ --------------
. 0299:.: 0042
.-0299Y ;.,TO-A9SmAt_r _______________ _
..
0239A KULAKOVA V V TIGT 00002007064 OOOSP
02395 THE EFFECT OF iliCRO.ii\VES IN THE AND DECii<!ETER RANGE on THE
--c2:3'.lcGERfr.li\C ANusPc::c rA'LfZEo-PATTER<Is oF-,;PPETIT'EriJ _________ - --
o239x 0012 _
---------------------
6l13t\ KUUKOVSKAYA YE L L1J6l 000 r OOr 002661 0002P
--------- _____ ____ _ ____ c.:__:: ____ . -----
_ KULIKOVSt(AYt, YE L 'oo000000062 OOOOP
6U90BH1GiiF"R-EJ0EiiCY ELECTRO:.'AGNETft-FlELDSififr-1 t1EDIU,4 AilD SHORT- l'iAVERI\iJGES--
___ __ --------- ____ ----------------
0339A KU?ALOV P S BOOK 00000000037 OOOOP
.. THE. BIOLOGICAL ACTIUN OF ULTRhHIGH FKEOUENCIES !ULTRASHORT WAVES!
:"': o33SC '1\LL UNION INST EXP ilED ,'I.OSCO\v 1937 . - .
----:---.----- -.-_- ----:- -:- ._-:--:-
-
LEBt:D!i-iSKIYAV--LN37-ooo.oi); oolis37 OOlOP _________ _
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL INVOLVED IN THE ACTION OF HF/VHF ON
THE
OF ANHiALS AND -- . - --- ... - .
..
vET-A A EO ___ eooK-ooO. oo"'; o ooo6il--ooooP ------------------
03'+28 PrtYSICAL FACTORS OF THE EXTERii\L EfNIHON,'1ENT
--03'+2C r.,oscovll960-------------------------
0342X 0012
0346A LEVfTINA N A 06212006466 0003P
03468 ACTIO"< OF ON THE CMWIAC RHYTH\1 OF THC: FROG
-'0346X ooT21-0045 _________________________________ _
0346Y RUPEAU TRANSL
_.;;____ _ ____ _.:..,_
6183A LINKE C A JURO 08802030362 D009P
E>l88t:J LOVI'l53t.Hi\T W GOLOSCHi.UOT V EFFECTS OF MICRO,IAVES ON NORr,IAL TISStJE:..
_ --------------- -------
LIVAPIOV M N SC:BM 049r05006350 0005P
TsyPIN A -s-GRlGORYE v-YU (;-KHRUSHCHEV :-------
THE EFFECT OF FIELDS ON THE ACTIVITY OF
--6290ALIVEiJSONA_ti ____ NiviTK oooi01ooo3159 --OOl'+P____ . --------------
62908 THE USE OF SHF-UHF ELECTROMAGNETIC FlELOS IN
6290X 001.3
6290Y ..!PHS 9409

6015A A R SECT OOOOOn23360 o006P .
-6015f1H1GriFr'<'E'G1JEYiCyl"r;ERI\P-EUf1CAPP.I\R,\fUs-----------------------:------
6015D IN BERG A I V MEDITSINE 1960
6UbY illD ABSTki\CT
r, OootiP ___ -------
0304B IN MICROWAVE AYD DECIMETER WAVE THERAPY
------ ------ ------ -------------
0304Y 23167 N64 14920
Q305A LIVENSON A R MOPR 01806001464
c-(f30'5rr 'ELtC'TRfCirC' PIIKA;;!ETt:.ifS -oFt> MTCRO'.'IAVE'RANGC- ----
0305X 0013
-_,-()3U5V-:::P"Rs -26T9TITio't ------- --'---'--------
GAVRILIN V A AN APPARA US FOR SYNCHRONIZED TREATMENT OF BIOLOGICAL _
--0"3'03(' SffiKHROTi'fPOLS- --------------
03030 IN DEVEL0PMENTS IN MEDICA INSTRUMENTS STATE SCI INST SCI TECH
----,;---.. :--,----;:;:--;f"'---:',---;-;- ------ ------------
' 0303.:. InFO ,.,QS,_O,J l':'of .
0303Y JPRS 25587 TT 64 31859 N64 30396
. :. . . - . - . . .,;-
-: .. ... " :
r
r.
oU54A YEA DU000004659 OOD2P
'CHf\TIGEs-uF-TRE"" C'ONO-rTIC.HlEITr<EF[EX -ACIIVIT't'-ncMH}fii'CS
. CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO CENTIMETER . .

0228A LOBANOVA YE A TIGT 00002001364
RANGES OF MICROWAVES
1)(!12 --------::;-----
. . .
---------
0228Y ATD ABSTRACT


. 0240A LOBANOVA YE A TIGT 00002007564 0003P
o'24Ga-5TLit:i'r' OF R-EACTf6ti oF ANlffALS- to THE EFFECTS OF -OF-.
_jl240C_vAB_IOUS_,.,AVEE_M!GE:.2_ _________ _:__ _ _: ____
0240X 0012
_ _!12'l-O L. f\ TO _3Q_STRAf_T_ ______ .:__.:__.:__ .:_: ___ ___:-.:._ _ _:__::. _ ___ _
0306A LORAHOVA YE GTPZ Ol0olQonOn766 0006P
03060 EFFECT OF EXPOSURE TO PULSED r,ND NONPULSED 10 Ce1 ';JAVES 0!! THE
030oC COiiDITIOflED ;,CTIVI'i'Y OF ':it-liTE RATS
--c3-o6xoo12____ ------:--------------------------------
- _jl306L 0PR:L 39820 ____________ _: ______ -: ___ __:_.:___ __ :.____ _ _____ _
6189A LU3IN M AAIH 02100n55560 0004P
6ld9B CUHTIS G OUULcY H R BIRD L E P F 0 G FRICKER S J
6l89C OF RADlATIO!i ON
-- 6189x o67'i;(i63o -,-06110-;0613-' 0613-; 0630-0670-. 0613 __ _
EFFECTS
-0361A LUOFoRDJF ____ REPT-OOOOOOOe068 --0017P-------------------
0381B STATUS OF THE FIELD OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF RADIO-FREQUENCY RADIATION
03 X 069d
L IN ov _____ Ms3Tooo.o();oooo37--oOOOP- -----------------
_lj_YPCRGL YCEI_:]IJ;_BEACT l_Q_/'_1_ TO_UL TR:!\_HI?_!I_FBEOUENC IES_ _!,,_IGHT_OF __
W OOOlP
62488 LANDEEN K THE EFFECT OF REPEATED MICROWAVE EXPOSURES ON THE
__ 62'_5J;___sLEf.lEtHS_IN__IHE_6L000_9f..Bsi.TS_ -------------- _ ------
6245X 0632
-622&i, r::AcHuRRA Y"Lc ____ oo2, oif, oo79sa

Q009P '
622BB RADitTION HAZARDS THE U 5 ARMY
6228X 0600
--039tfA :r.ARHI\K _______ BOOK-000 0 OO>J06B-- Ol30P----------------- ---
03948 J HANA T THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT
-0394CPR.;G-UE --------------------------------------------
0394-;( 0036
0394Y ATU ABSTH OF SOME SECTIOriS
--6294A1-!AkKS-J-------:--OSMJo57.00.11326l-------------------
6294J E T SCARPELLI D G EISEN J RADIATION TO THE ANTERIOR
-629!ic i1Eonsu,wrl oF'-niE:-;Joa-nTJ__________ -----:- --------------
6294x 0713 0112 o714 0111 0716 0614 0672 0712 0111 0714 0715 0713 0111
A R D PCMW 00300031459 OOlBP
NEUilOPHYS!OLOGIC;\l-C:FFECTS -OF AT ION------
0635
--- ------------
6156A R 0 PCMW 00400025160 OOlOP
6156] C PIZZOLATO P NEUROLOGICAL EFFECT OF 3 CM MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
_Q..E>;:,_s _________ ,__: ------------------- ___________ _
. . " . '
-..
_____ _Q_1926J:. __ _Q_003P _____ _:__ :_ __________ _
_ 61915 NEYROPHYSlOLOGICAL EFFECT OF MICROWAVE RADIATION .
"6191X 0635 0665
6142A MEAHL H R pCMW 00400001560 DOOBP .
6142A BASIC PR06LEHS Hl RF FIELD STRENGTH . . . . . .
--&142XOol1 ___ -- -------------------- ---_---------------
-------
61513 PHANTOM EXPERIMENTS WITH MICROWAVES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
6151X 0633 - . - - -
-Gl58A-i':EROLAL ______
615HB KINOSHITA J H CHANGES IN' THE ASCORUIC ACID CONTENT IN LENSES OF RAGBIT
-6158C ---- ------------------
. 6150X 0630 0670
6272A S M PiCM 00300039960 0002P
THOeiSON R A E J W ASPECTS OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION OF
1<1Ar,:HALS------------ -------------------------------
0633 . .. .

MICHAELSON S N 20102!035161 0006P
6192!3 I HOHSOt; R A HU':fl...:\ NO J 'N PHYSIOLOGIC 1\ SPE:C TS O"'F,.--.-;Vi"I"'C""R"Or.;-'1! P
7
1 vrrE,-I"'R"'R"'A"O"I",\
01
T"I'-;';O"N;-;;O-rF--
6192C MAi1>1ALS
-61925f-06:3.3--
r-:ICHi\ELSON_S_rli __ t062tt64 -0006P____ ---
03078 R A E EL TAMAMI M Y SETH H S HOWLAND J W HEMATOLOGIC EFFECTS OF
030 7C Ci\OIi AVE E.XPOSUflE
__ ---

030BA MICHAELSON 5 N 03803029367 0006P
- -0'3"0-5::; JR- EFFECTS OF-ELE-CTRO;"oJ/iGnET IC-RADTA (fii---
0.305C PHYSIOLOGIC RC:SPONSC:S
0.308X 063.5
-0390 ___ 0l2dP----------------
0390J THOMSON R A E J W BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF MICROWAVE EXPOSURE

- 03'90Y .,0 82'+242L RI;DC TR 67 461 UR 49 810 Ii Bii:3L ITEr'. 6182 ANON 36.:350
----gl24A r'lfi::.CKl L fitYl 000UUOO!J06 OOOOP
6124B THE EFFECT OF RADIATION . - .
-6T24<::--1TiE-6TfT POCTSITl::Of;"FERCcr-oFOcCDPA-r IONAL -Mt:UIClf-Ir:-1 %2-----------
. '
.,
rW;t::CK!L _____ A1tRToi.511lo>oo476lf--ono9P ___ -- -------------
: 02668 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF MICHOWAVE RADIATION
0266X 00 1.'> . . . . .
. .. 026SY ),RTICLE IN ENGLISH .. . . : . . ... . . . .

; ,.
MINTZ M 'TREC 007!02rC17955 0005P
_____ _
0663 , 4
NIRUTENKO V I FZKR DOB0303J262 OOOBP
- -
6
or b::f Tl'lvCSTTGATTf;G LOCAL vF U.ECTRDf'fAGNE T fC 3-CI': \{AVES --- ... -
6016C ANIMAlS . . . . .
-.''f>lH6XDOl5 ----------------- -----------_---------------
6016Y FTD TT 62 1361 1+2 AD 292205
, 6038A NIRUTENKO V I SECT 00000006264 0018P
-E:FFt:"CTQF ______ _
. 6038C ON AtJHiALS ANG CC:RTI1Itl PRODLEiAS OF OF A SHF/UHF FIELD
-- -- -------- ---
o035X oots ,
I 6o56v 'iJ65-287os- . --------- ------------------------------- ---------

-----------
i 0337A MIRUTEiJKO V I FZKR Ol005rOM164 0006?
L_ 0 .1;11\Gr.JITJ,.!PE __
I 0337C OF THE EFFECT DURING OF A SUPERHIGH-FREOUENCY
1
0337C ELFCTROMAGNEIIC FIELD ON AP!IMJLS
0337X 001::>
27982 _____ ----- _____ ----------------------
r-1IRUTEfIKQ_y___r_ _s.gCT_Q.9QJJl.!l.!.!l07962, __ Q.004P _______ -----__ --'--- __
DISTHIBUTIOIJ IN THE ORGAtlS AND TISSUES OF ANIMALS EXPOSED TO A UHF
IN lOPHYSI AND , ION roNIZI ION
_ _6Q_37Q_KI_t;;__u_ZQOROV.Y_A...!_l__2_65 ________________ _:__ _______________ :__
.6037Y AVAIL OF ABSfRACT FROM REF ZH BIOL NO 15 1965 ASST 15P466
-030'.1.1\ iIOMYENKOVAA1-1--GTPTo1o;Q7,o-ot866- 0004P-----.------------
OJO'?U SADCH!KOVA i'i A H!DICES Ut:OER EXPOSURF TO THE ACTIQij OF
0309C MICkOWAVE FlELOS
__ 0309/LQ.O_.i(L____ _ ___ __:_ ________________________ _:_-_ -------
0309Y .JPRS 38663
-----------
OJBBA W RfPT 000t00000D68 0025P
' nSeSB LITERATUf!E SURVEY-8IOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF MICROWAVE RADIATION - A
,---o3otiC OF t!I\Zi1R:JS
" 0697 . .
diflLIO --------
--OJlOA .. YE-SECT ooo;(io020760--0012P_____ -------------
ANJ &IOLOGlCAL APPLICATION OF SHF/UHF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
0310D IN BERG A 1 Elt.KT!WNIK/, V riOSKOw-LEiiHJGRfD .1960 .
_ _J)310t_ ATO _____ _: __ ______ _:_____ _____ _ _____ _
_ _23RA r-!IESET R T pC,'l\'i 00200020258 0013P . . .
c2336-BAUS-RMCAFEE -REV OF-THE
T IT C l
6 sf\ NIEsE:r'R_T _____ rceE' ooo;QO.ooc&59 -- ooo6P --
_8;\US_R_FLE':!!I<G_-.!_, Q_ P IJ:JNEO J:,_!< __ rHCRO\'ii\_Y.s_ ___ _
_ 6l93A 0635 0635 0635 r0635 0307 0653U
.......
. .--_ ... , --.:. -.
,., ...
__ ... - . ' ..
NIKOGOSYAN S V MS59 0001P . -

' ._. . '
S V 00000003362 0002P
--
6
0918 or:J THE CONTENT OF PROTE!;'J- --
A PR IN .. HE
S V TIGT 0006P
"Asru5F oF-cHoLr;!ESTER,-.SE-ACTIVITY f;:JTHE: BLOOD ORGMJS oF _____ _
0233c;_ -"' _
--o2JJx 0012 - - - - -
0233Y ATu ABSTRACT
0237A NIKOGOSYAN S V TIGT 00002006664 0002P
--:-0'2-378 "EFFECTS_OF_iocil \i TN- ORGMJS- --
0237X 0012
--0237Y fiTDAtJSTRACT ______________ - -------------------------
0347A S V BEBM G6409005667 0003P
G3478 CHANGES IN PROTEIN lJNQER CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO 10 CM LOW
--o3-47CTNTt:r.Snv WAVES ______________ -----------------------
o347x 0012

607.3A-oJIKONOVA-K V SECT 00000016360 0003P -- --------------
60738 THE OF HYGIENE DURING wiTH HIGH FREntlENCY GENERATORS
-607 3CIN-THE ELl:CHIOVI\CUUrl INDUSTRY------------------:---------------
60730 IN LETAVET A A PHYSICAL FACTORS OF THE MOSCOW 1960
-----------------------------------.-------------------
u
SYSTEI--;

- _1BSTfU\_f_T _______________________________ --------
0236A NIKONOVA K V TIGT 00002006164 0005P
UdofJ EF F t.C I :> uF rll bH F Hi::'-'OO.i;CY ELE.l. 1 >< ot-1Ai>r<ET I C F I t:LOS ON BLOOD Pf<ESSURE AND
0236C BODY TEMPERATURE OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
-02Jsx-ooT.:::------------------------------------:-.._---------
023SY ATO '
6126A OBROSOV N SECT 00000010760 OOlOP
6lc6d [:Jf,SIC fKU;US L-1 lHE Ai-'PLict,IIor oF ELECTRONICS IN PHYSIOlHEF<APY
61260 IN BERG A I ELEKTRONIKn V HEDITSINE 1960
- o126'T ATu 1\asT,Jin--------------------------------------------
"6T9-4i\OLGC:il':lORF w Ti---PSE9- 043249--0003P-- -----------------
61948 FOCAL LESIONS PRODUCED BY MICROWAVE IRRADITION
6194X 0652
-6T2';;; ORL.ovA ------
THC: ACTIOil OF ULTR,,r1IGH AND HIGH FREOUEiJCY FIELDS Ot-J THE H-ITERt<AL ORGANS
---------------------------------------------------
604SA ORLOVA A A 000,00002559 0002P
6 U 4 3 C Ll ; ' I C "L AS t-' C: C T 0 F C H 1\f',.;i G::-;E;.;_ -'--.TO-'H-=-;E;.:_ R,--'N"--' __ ._,"'---=E =E-=T""O ___ _
RAOIOWAVES OF FREQUENCIES
- . ------------
ORLOVAA_A _____ SECT-OODD0o1716u -- --
607'1u THE COriO IT OF THE C,\RDI OV ASCUU\R SYSTE'! DURING EXPOSURE TO UHF /SHF MID
t-li74C FRE,_;UE::iCY F IELJS
-6074u IN LETAVET ;, t. PH'fSIC1\L FI'.CTORS OF THE ENVIHOJ.J:iENT r10SC0':1 1960
--- ------------- ----------------------
--.--"'- --
. ! .... ., :. .... ....... _- - .. .
--------------------
'"' .. , .... .. - '- .... -
626BA OSBORNE 5 L BOOK 0799P
- RVCI'?;?)crt.-s r H -:J-TE:"CRTf!c- orTIECTR\1 ldERJ\py-ATJu 1TS 7RY'S RA!.- - ----:--
6.26&-: tlASIS .
CHi,::. C I HVNA::, POol tlAL TI,v\ORt.
X 0683 . - . . . . _ . _ _.

OSBORNE S L JAMA 0005P
"FfrEOER ICK tC HEA TIN<J Dr"ADI'T.I\i'T- Al'fD-WITHAL Hr-GH-..,.,.- -:---
6195C FREOUEI<CY CURRnJT VilTH OF TWELVE <THE
6195X 068.3
-:-:-606rA OSIPOVYU 000059--0000P-
. 60676 KULIKOVSKAYA YE L T V .

6111A OSIPOV YU A LN61 DUO oaoon061 OOOOP
blllo KAi..YADA I V KULI;;,ovSK,\YA YE L OF H'i'GIETIE IN viORK
6111C CENTIMETER RADIOWAVE MEASURING GENERATORS
-oTIT)(l'JO""JZ" _____ --- --:'..----:------- ---- ---- --- ----------
-[;U"<;r2:i\1J51P.?V ""YUA ____ Li'Joz-Ob1JiUO.ooooo"2"-- OOOOP-- -----------
60928 KALVADA T V OF AN RESEARCH INTO THE EFFECTS OF
____ --- ------- ---
03118 KALyADA T V REACTION OF THE SKIN DURING IRRAOIATIOrl WITH
if.JTENsCr'f- --- -------- ----------------
0311X 0032
oJif'{ ""J?R"s 2?:i2a7. or5 64 21:>94 _N_6_4.153:s:r- --- --- ---- ------- . ---

"' OVERWIN H S 0040000"760 0008P -
FOR .BIDML SAFI;_ OIST ___ -----_ --------
0692
606SA PALADIN A M MS59 000>00000059 OOOOP
. .iQMa_SP.i;SSK,WA 1_ 'l...YAKUGi)YJJ;.tLR. S ___
- __\il:10E__Q2l..Jl'_di0_3'U)6 __ _Q_QOBP ____ ____ .:.:__ _______ ::__
03138 GOSr!EV K EK:; ;:H;:NGES OCCURRING UNDER THE EFFECTS OF A SHF-UHF
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ,
0313X 00112
;,T_Q__,8Sft,J\CT _________ ___:__ _____________________________ _
._033i:!8...:/o .. __ ll_QQBP __________ _:_ __ ----__
03368 PECZEiHK A SO,oE OF MICRO.<AVE HAZARDS EXPOSURE CfUTERIA
o33ex 0102 0703
616lA PAYtiE J 004000319b0 OQ88P
_616l;J SiidURITIES M:O OIFFEREIICES l!ET'IEEiJ TECHtiiCAL .ASPECTS OF THE NAVY HERO _
&16ic PROGRAM FOR ORDtM-ICC:--Ai-iDTHCPERSOr-iiiEL -HAZARO-PROGRN:. ________ -----
-------------- --------------
PERVUSHIN V YU TVMA 073 OG 014157 QOllP
HI ANIIlr.LS
------- --------
x.:,"" -
----
VNZH 0006P o002A PETROV I H
o002B A G OF THE ACTION OF UHF/SHF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
&'00?.:<. 00121
: 60'02Y ATO ABSTRACT . . : .. . .. .
.. _.
------------:-.------------:::-----:-----.
PETROV I R 00002001666 0006P
. .
SUJbOTA- A
THE ORGAItiSi-l
-
D277Y ATD ABSTRACT . . . . -
-----------------------------------------------
0315A PETROV I R VMZH 0002P
--0""315B YAROKHi<O-w-Y A --lt,CREASEDRBTSTA'TiCCTO-SHF/DHl" IRRADIATION-UNDER------ ..
' 0315C OF MUSCULAR ACTIVITY
031SY ABSTRACT
--0316A PETROVI --Vt'IZH000070tJ2667 -OOOSP-- ------ -------
: 0316B YAROKHrW N Y,\ CGrlBINED EFFECT OF SHF/UHF ivAVES ANO_LOJL ___ _
--0316C- OXYGEN (;,,S['<IXTUf<E RESPif1ATlOrrOil-ANirlAL-ORGANISi15-- ---------
0316Y ATQ ABSTkACT
&l96A PISH G ICBE 00000003359 0004P . . '
--&19-68 STOREY W-H-TRUE)YFiCPRELININARY-iiiiVE:sY!GATION-OF-THEA-PPLICI\TIONS-OF __ _
HAGNE!_ I C _3ESONM-lCE _A8SORP.:!:_ I Or_:_ SPECTROSCOPY_ TO_!!:!<::_ OF __ _
of';.nCROiiAVE..S ON BIOLOGICAL 11ATERIALS . _ .
0627 -------
6058A PITENIN I V MS59 000>0 005459 OOOlP
----- ____ ___:_________ --------------------
60931\ PITENIN I V LN62 00000003662 0003P , .
- 61J93El F'AIH6LOGfCAL-t\f.!ATOUC""A'[-CHIINGES!ITiiHIHAL ORGAtIS - -
INFLUENCE OF A UHF/SHF ELECTROMAGNETIC Fl .
6006A PITEPIIN I V BEBM 060r09>005565 OOOSP .
- 6\rOl5B 5\JBtiOTAA 13-Fo"R,.:A TI Q:.)OF-GASTRI C U!..CERT."i-RABBITS-FOLL01 ING-;\11 CR0<'1 AVE----
6006CIRRADIATION OF THE EPIGASTRIUM
--6006Tooc:1 _____________________ ------- ------- ----
6006Y COciSULTAi'!TS BU<lE,\U TRMlSL
-600171 POVZi{ITKO'il-r A-:-BEBM- o5TIG5 of636T--ooo5P- -------
---=---------
601)10 TY;._0I'J N V GREEEfiSHCHI"\OVA ;\ :1 THE HIFLUENCE OF A SHF-UHF PULSED ,
600IC t.LI:.C fku:-l,..otit:. ric dE.L.O or., COIKt:.PTrO:J Al;o THE COURSE OF PRGNANCY lN \1HITE
MICE
-6UOlX002l ________
6001Y COriSULTAf.iTS BUREAU TRMiSL
----------------------
f,T60i\ PfM\JSNITi !::. PCMJ 00'1 UO, Ql3:>6U OOU5P
615UB C VOGELHUT P 0 LONGEVITY ANU CELLULAR STUDIES WITrl
. olsox ,'0629, .. . . ...
... .
. . .

' . . -' ,.
-"o3i2k- GISA-00009-;003256-- 0006P _ _; __ ;__.
n312B THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD AS A HYGIENIC FACTOR

A Tu TRI\i'JSL
Q349A A S 8EBM 0'13 02 005157 0004P . . . . 'b

0349C SEVERt,L CENT! IN LENGTH
----------
0349Y CONSULTANTS BUREAU TRANSL
. 6072A PRESMAN A S SECT 00000014260 OOlOP
-6U72H"A'HY".:ITENTc-DlA'LlJATTuTJoF"RrGF1HfE:TIUErTc'i't:[n:rRuMAGNEncFTELDs------
6072D IN LETAVET A A PHfSICAL FACTORS oF THE ENVlRONIIENT MOSCO::J 1960

Q351A PRESMAN A 5 BIFR 008 01 013853 0003P
0
jsli3 EXCiTI\tHU I y PARAi<iEClUIi 51T-1llLAfED 11ITH
0351X 0016
-o-551 PERGA:IOtrPr<'t::SS HfANSL -----
-0.)9:>API'<ESi,iAr.JA'5 ____ 800K ooo ;o(f, 00 o 068-- -0287P- ------------
03953 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND NATURE .
PUilL HOUSE
0395X 0016U
6277A PUH.I\RICH H K REPT 0077P
l1iJt:S- -----
6fliif..- REY;Jotos rf ---- pc/4\1 oo4;oo;oo-J16o . ooT4? .. - ---.............. .. :;: ......... --- ...... ' ..
_ _Ql47ti_OE_ILC:LOPi1i;;:lL OF _8._ Gf\R:'-1Etf[_FOfl JN Jj]J;H _____ _
6147C RF
_6.!_47X --------------
,\ ,, PC11\' Q_Ol00rflltl957 Q002P
622l a id3S T i< ACT OF REPORT ON P :.
6220C OF LO>i t1,:,GNITUDE MW DE}iOt!STR!;TIOt: OF OOSHiETERs TO ASSAY
-6'2200 ;<Ic;,o;i.4VE ________ --------------------------- ----
_E>?_aQ;{_.Q.tJ_;:'i_Q.. ________ . ------------- --------------
i; \"i PCi'-1\'i 002t00016958 0006P
62J6a REViEW OF TrlE CONDUCTED AT UNIVEkSITY OF ST LOUIS !USN SPONSORED!
. ...P?_3o:L __________ :..__ _:_____ _______ ___ ___ _ ________ '_ ____ _
"'
.. -. '' ... .,,
.. ;--
- .. .. .
oc
.. : ...
&19BA.HICriARUSON AAOP 04500038251 0005P
c_6_!9ti_B' _EXPER PRO@CED CE.UTIIIoETER ___ _
. 6196C PULSED MICROWAVE IRRADIATIONS . , '
,_ 6198X 0631 c c 'c

. ; ..... -- -.
E
6031X C602 c
c6031 y AD-440272'_u_s RES-U8 RE:PT6oo ___________________ -:--
-6o52AROGOVA oo3459-- 000 lP ---------
-60523 TROITSKIY S A N S THE STATE OF HEALTH OF WORKERS HAVIIIG A
6052C LASTING WITH HIGH POINTS
--6242t, ROLLviiTZ';_C ___ 025456 --OOllP ___ ---------------:--
62426 REVIEW OF THE WORK CONDUCTED AT RESEARCH INSTITUTE CUSAF
6242C ------------- ---:-----:-----
6242:.< 0627
6227A ROiiAN J 00200007058 0009P
-62278 R-ADIO-FRELIUEnCy-HAZARDS-ABOARD-Nt,VAL -SHIPS---------:--:-----------

6132A SADCHIKOVA M N MS57 00000000057 Of"JOOP
02 C ACTION OF RADIO
--o246X oo-12---------------------- -------------------- ... -----
__ o_?_'+o'C_..TD_39STRA.f_T ___________________ -----____ --------------
6017A SAITO M BIPJ 00605031366 0014P
H P G RESPONSE OF NONSPHERICAL BIOLOGICAL PARTICLES TO
6017C ALTERNATING FIELDS . '
--61it7xot>4:> -------------------------
_____ fCsCooo;oo;oo2659--ooosp __________________ _
:-:ICt\OW1WE AoSOflPTICnl
6199X 061i5 ..
- 'G.H T,,-sAl.ATI o 14-- ---ENID-coorE-;oo966Z ___ 0006P ___________________ _
/lti;ll::: A H P KADIO FREOUEtiCY RACIATION HAZARDS
--u:rt7x oo<+s ---------------------------------------------
6252A SALATI 0 M PCMW 00300010759 0006P
- 62526 SCHWAN H P A TECHNIOU[ FOR RELATIVE ABSORPTIOil CROSS-SECTION
-6252CCETt:R>1Hli;TTur-I-------------------------------------
6252X 0615
-------------------------------------------------
Y-.
PRESS LONJOilo 1935
_______ _
0356X 0305
---------------------------------------=--------------
;:; ,. : . ..
. '
... ". .
. ' ............... .
. '" .
',,
,'
'' . ''
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H P PCMW 00200003356 0016P
'62248 TO UL TRAHfGH-FREGUENCY-FIELDS
6224:< 0645
SCih>IIN H P 00200012653 OOlOP
...
------
--6z34asuRITEY oF' "AasoR'Pfror\1 CHARACTERTsrTcsoF'8o1iY''YrssuEs -- ------
_.Ji34!L.Q.645 ---------- ------------- ----------------
6251A H P PCNW 00300009459 OOl!P
62:J 1 f:l f HE. 0R E rJ CAL C u ri 5 I() ERA r I ON S P
625lX
-----
---------!.------------------
_______
-----
o319s LI K CAPACITY AND COrloUCTIVITY QF [lOGY TISSUES 1\T ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCIES
_____ AP1;lfro3'brDD036'3.5"5--0008P
6202B LI K VARIATIOr:s MEASURED AND BIOLOGICALLY
-62fT2C'lJ 17\IH'EHC.Yl:iiJSt.G'E- -------:----:----:-----
EFFECTIVE MICROWAVE
6202X 0645
D267A SCHaAN H P PIRE 044tll157256 OOlOP
-ci261a cTICHAZ'AR1lscuc:-ro-roiAL 1liS'CY-1RRA'urlrTToN -8Y RADAR-
o267X 0645

6253t. SCH;/Arl H P PCM\1 00300011359 OOllP
...:.:.__.,!. _______ _
6:>3CJ P>;u[y H :.UoSTTl'UTEmfl rliJtIAil !SS"ur=E-------------
6253X 0645 0308
6200A H P RPMR 03300037154 0034P
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6200C PART 1 BIOPHYSIC;L ASPECTS
-oz : uti ... :>
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-. 620 I -A -p---- RPMR- i!JOi !)'425"5_5.- - OOliifP--- ------------
E.20l:J PIEHSOL G THCA550RPTION OF EilERGY IN BODY TISSUES -
---6201C- P'A'RI '2- -Pt!YS'f'6Co'GTCI\L -r,t!D- "C'CHiTC'Al: -A'S'P'ECTS ---- -----------.
___ 6201X 0645
-. -- + ... -. ...... -- - -------- "' --- ------
RTZ1'.0Pt=' _.J _ _QVOG_QJ5t 03-' DJ..2.45Q_ __ Q_OJ!.3P ----- -------
Orl THE OF THE PERCEPTIO,'I OF ULTRA-SHORT\!AVES BY BIROS
____ , ------------- --------
.. ' . \ ..
--- . .
':.
D .
60180 U PENN REPT 1 C'ONTHACT HONR 551 52
-&otax 0645---------:--:--:--:---:-_--------- ---------------
_.J)Q.18L..6J::)_o::H__6_H _________ _:_ _ -----: :_ ___ :_--,------
. '
0 321 A SE ;.; EN 0 'J N V 8 E!W 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 17 6 5 0 =-:-:-=-:=-:-::-:-:-:-:-::::-c::::c:=---
03218 ELIMINATION OF HYPOTHERMIA IN DOGS BY OF HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENTS
_ _113.2.l..X....J!(t;j.!i_ ---- --------- ---- ------------------ ------
0321Y FTD TRANS TT 65 31496 JPRS 30998 N65 28140
61521\ SEARLE G W PCMW 0040001B660 0014P
615<1f;L \I _ _I tJ. I G_C_.,L WUNQJ;R_ _;,l __ D __ '[tl9.L"1_A_S_ .1\.l'!OfJES.._Sl._ 't! __,)_ --- __ _
'6T52C EFFECTS oF 2450 t-iC IN DOGS RATS AND LARVAE OF THE COilMON
_JH..?l.Q....FRUIT_fLL _____________________ -------------------
6152X 0631 .
6246A SEaRLE G W PCMW 003DOn05459 0008P
62468 IM!G C J R STUDIES WITH 2450 MC-C4 EXPOSURE TO THE HEADS OF
--62'+6CDOGS----------------------------------------------
_ _ _!)_63!_ _____________ --------------- ---- ---- ----
AM INST PHYS VOL 6 NO 2 PP 279-293 -

Qj89Y IN diBLIO 6182 ANON
-6005,\SEVASTYI\,;ov VV--ViIZH-OOO;Qf,oo2165- ooo'sp- --------- ---
6005tl OF Ut1F/SHF RADIATION INTENSITIES AND THE _
--6oosc- PROuLE,v] oF-THEIRHYGIENIC-APPRAISAL- ------------------------
6005Y A3STI<ACT

3 YE PFAR 00100012249 0006P
EFFECT OF THE OF A VHF-HF FIELD ON THE AUbi6 CAURALl
IT IV ITY OUf; I riG APPLICATION OF ELECTRODES IN THE ZONE OF PROJECTIOH OF
1\URt,CZONCOF-Tt:iE CORTEXCLA,;ELLA-OF-TEt1P0RACBONEl -------------
0323Y AD 281129 FTD TT n2 4Q1/1+2
D H REPT 00000000067 0037P
APRIL1957 o32A.8 P'Al.lilSANo v: A MICRo.vAVE HAZAfiDS aroLIOGRAPHi
o324x' Oo95
-:u32<+ Y7iU652706 i>& T 323B'+ ____ ----;----.,7-._. .
----
SNitHJOVA ;;;-c-:--LN62-00000 000062 - OOOOP--
SAOCHIKOVA li N
. 6071A YE I MS59 00Do00000059 DDDOP '
-e;07Ti3 OCCUPA TTt.iTlAL-HY G IE}H:::PROtlLEf.T.S- Til AREAS 11HERCHIG-HFREGUENCY CURRENTS ARE---
6071C USED
--------------- ------- ------- ------
0326A SMUROVA YE I GTPZ Ol0DlD01766 OOOOP
o.>26ti HE ALl H CrikkAC I EtdS tiCS 6r CONDif !OilS FOR PERSONNEL \JORKlflG 1 ITH
0326C SOURCES OF KADIO FRE0UE14CY RANGE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
------ --------------- --------
--o3'2"5A" "S"rWROVII_'i'E_C ___ Gl"S'r':" 032 ll& 00G06i- -OOOOP-- ------------------
D325B CHANGES IN THE PHAGOCYTIC. AND BACTERICIDAL FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD Itl
0_,25C Mll'IALS <:.XPv':.t.J I 0 c:.CEC I rWIhlbHE r It t- li:.LOS id RA0.1.0
OJ25X DOll .
-o32::>YTT67-:-514092----------:- ---------------------
-CN62-ooo.ooro6ils62--oooTFi ___________________ _
OP VARY INT:':N
0249A SOKOLOV V V TIGT 00002012264 0004P
A-f>EK"'fPfTEITr.L !}COOo coum-U,'!DER IHCI\CTI ON- 01=-RADIO \{AVES OF---:--
0249C VARIOUS HANGES UPON THE ORGANISM
--IY21f9';("1JG1r-- -- -------------
0249Y ATO ABSTRACT
'
cOllA SOLOVTSOVA K M FZKR 01104049865 0006P
. -e-un S t:FFC:tT -oF GH-F;'/f::'uUVICCOSC liCfFfONS-ON-THCt:'DNCf roN ING ---
BDllC OF THE LIVER IN PERSONS A OR MODERATELY PATHOLOGICAL
______ .. _ ------ ----
8011:< OOiS
-BOilY i\T0 ABSTrU-\C r
0 l PCMW 0UlD00052S7 0008?
o214J KN;.UF G il EXPOSURE OF AIR FORCE TO IOiHZING RADIATION PRODUCED
-.--------. -----------.--
__ _______ _______ _______ _ __________ _
' '
OZ71X 0021 . . . . ?
. 0271Y AVAIL OF ABSTRACT FROM REF ZH EIOL 1959 NO 46203

. 02.72X 0021
. _ _Q27_L_ TR,INSb_ A.VAI_L_OF _i\.6S fRA_c;.LFROI::LREF _Zli. 8I_QL_j,_952_ NQ_59927 -------- _
_ TVit,!l._ 073 o_QO Olll_5] ____ _Q_005P __ -------__ _::_ ______ _
UHF/.:?HF FIELD ON HEfRT FUNCTIOiJ AND THE LUMEN OF VSSELS
0273Y AVAIL OF ABSTRACT FROM REF ZH BIOL 1959 NO 59926
------ ----
0275A SUBSOTA A G 073,00012757 0006P
_ J;;_FFECl.QJ.:L FJLOOD OF_ Arl_!W,LS_OF j::XPOSUB.E;__ TO_A_ UHF /SHF ____ _
0275:< 0021
_ 0275Y AVAIL OF ABSTRACT FROM REF ZH BIOL 1959 NO 59922
__ 02?._6!, 2UBiiOTl..iL G ____ BEBM JL46r_l01jjQ.5558 __ _Q_QJ)7P ______ ----- ___: _____ _
02768 THE EFFECT OF PULSEO UHF/SHF FIELDS ON THE HIGHER NERVOUS
ACTl..VJ_TY _Of___QOGS ---------- -------------------------
0 21
6096h SUDBOTA A G LN62 00000004962 0003P
,--6096tl so;.:CPHOJ[E;-:s OF ACCUilULAT t4UL T !PLEEXPOSURES TO--
6096C MICROWAVES .
6U20A SUSSKIND C RSPT 00000000063 0028P
. 60205 VOGELHUT P 0 BIOLOGICAL USES OF NONIONIZING RADIATION
-5cfE:HTFIC--f.;-{PORll962--&3o,;-c0r:)Tt<ACTNO iJONR 222-92 _____ -----
6020:{ 0629
--6020YA0'>33659-HEPrNo-63-27 _____ ------- ---
6097A SVETLOVA Z P LN62 00000r004362 0002P
60978 114 THE CONDITIONED AND UNCONDITIONED REFLEXES IN COGS
_""i>_0_97C UNiJER-fFit: OF-A iJHF /SHF-FIELD"lNTHCDECir-'.ETER-RAt<GE ---------
---------

'' .
'".
'' ' ,.. - ' 0 ' , '. : '
... .;,..;,;..'..;,;, . :_
V A ODDrCOrri05262 0002P
'SO,;t: HlDICES W THE BLOOD At<D URWE OF INDIVIDUALS FOLLO\IHlG
_:__6_1,_0!!...!HEIR_EXPOSUJ3E _lQ_Uf1F/SHF ___ ---': -o----;--- _____ :-------:--

6093A SYNGAYEVSKAYA V LN62 000>00005162 0002P
60983 Sit;ENKO G F IGNATYEvA 0 5 THE EFFECT OF ivi!CR0\1AiiE RADIATIOil IN THE t!._t;;TE_ii
--6099C-;\ND DECitiETER ':oA ON-THE R"EGULAT ION-OF -CARBOHYDRATE
.6098D ;.;ETAi:WLISN AND THE FUiICTIONAL STATE OF ADRENAL CORTEX .IN _RAFlBITS_Ar<D _QOGS
:- --
6099A SYNGAYEVSKAtA V A LN62 00000005262 OOOlP
60993 IGNATYEVA 0 S
0"'29,; TANHER J A NATL 216r00dl3967 OOOlP
0.329<3 C DAViE S J __
-OJ29C8lK0S--------------------
0329X 0302 . .

62734 TAYLOR F J 0 PICM 00300039360 0006P
FLOYD C F RA<ii-INSON ':1 A ASPECTS OF THE rlEASUREr<lENT OF POTENTIALLY
6273C HAZARDOUS ELECTRO;,\;,;:;NETIC FIELDS
-6273xo3o9 ________________________ -------------------
ICBE- OOOoO(J; 00:3159--0002P-:- ----
J H OF
0330X 0633
-6153?1 TOL0SK,\YA-M OOOOP ____ -------
_ _133'3 (3__()RD0t!._..f. V _!.-O[;f,NO,YA ------ ___ _ _
0242A TOLGSKAYA M S TIGT 0009P
0242i.l COiWAf{f\TIVE iiORPHOLOGICAL CHfiR>.CTERlSTlC OF THE EFFECT OF iliCROIi;\VES OF
0242C VARIOUS RAhGES
o242iCod12---------:-------------- --- ------- --- -----
D242Y ATD A9STkACT
0243A TOLGSKAYA M S TIGT 00002t00S964 OOOSP
u.::433 tHKVIJOv A K v Hb i OL\iCITC cH,\N(>::;:S 1:< ffiE RATS ONDt.R
0243C CONTINUOUS EXPOSURE TO HIGH FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
o012 _________________________ -- -------
0243Y ATD ABSTRACT .
--- --- ---- -------- -------------
------------------ -----

.
6100A TRESKUNOVA A 5 LN62 6oOOOD05362 0002P
6To o:J SERYI C c.- OFF EREOT 0 -I NO IVI DUALS-- --
6100C EXPOSED IN THEIR TO FIELDS

. uJ3is\ TitO'fANSK.rY f-'l P \/i.,ZH C00:07d103067 OQC6P _
-:-u-s32Er.K"RUGLTr(Ov rf-PETROVA- uOCUBHJKO- c-g-:1\ACASFfrfiKOI/A--z:;--- ----
0332( 50M2 RESULTS OF AN INVESTIGATION OF THE STATE OF.HEALTH OF SPECIALISTS
- o352D- --------_::-----------
0332Y ATD ABSTRACT - --
TUR14ER J J REPT 000r00000062 OOB9P
THE-EFFECTS ()F RADAiCONIRcRU\\A;J-aOOY-- ---
0331C US ORDNANCE MISSILE COMMAND REPT NO RM TR 62 1 .

o331X_AD_ 273787 . ___ . . _ __ __ _ _ _____ . __ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ ___
-6122A NV TVMA 0011P - . -

- t;N_l:IALS_USII<G JHE;__ ________________ ------__ _
6122X 0021
60qqA TYAGIN N V TVMA 073r0JrnOa457 0018P
. 60q4e CHANGES IN DOGS AFFECTED BY UHF/SHF ELECTROMAGNETIC

- _i,_Q_tt_!!r___Q_Q2L --------------------------------------------
6134A TY/,GIN N V MS57 OOOr00r001057 OOOOP
__ Q27_1_'L TY ."._G _____ 0 1J,_fi5l__ ___ OO_l_lP
02748 CHANGES IN TfiE BL000 OF ANirlALS SUaJECTED TO UriF /SHF FIELD
0274!( 0021
--0274YTR;\oJSLAVAIL-OF-ABSTRACTFROiTREFZH 3IOLl959NOS9923 ______________ _
TYAGIN N V MS59 000r0Qr000059 OOOOP
fl T 1 ONAL,_ _liAZAR_Q_ CR0\'1 AVE l_C_. __ _
FIELDS
6lOlA TYAGIN N V LN62 000r00r005462 0002P
6101R THE OF THE CHRONIC EFFECT OF A FIELD
__ 6_Q.']_A__l,!SPt:i'ISKfl Y il_fi_)L __ roS59 _Q_O_Q !._0__9_, __ _Q_O Olf ____ -------
USPEriSKAYA N V LN61 000r00011661 0002P
--6l12S iIA T.::RI;;L -0NTHE-DY;,;;\i-1Ic -08SERV-:\T!O,'JOFIioRKERSEXPOSEDTO Ic --
6112C \;AVES IN THE CErJTH"c:TER RANGE
6112X 0032
--0382:\ VAL'Ii\U.-DA _____ REPT-000rOO-;OO:J06Ci --DOS8P------------ --------
SOVIET RESEARCH ON THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY
-o3a2cELECTR0i'1"'Gr.fE-fic--FifCos __________________________________ _
0382Y CR 01 03 6R
0382X 0699
Qj3JA A G GTPZ 01Ur09004166 0004P
TOLGSKAYA M S PAVLOVA I V CHANGES OF NUCLEIC ACIDS CONTENT IN THE LUNGS
OFRifs ;i fliT EXPERT:,iEiHACSIL!c6sTs- fi-;ou-cto-BY-UTirliAVES _________ -_---
0012 '
--------:,----------:-:-----:-----
6271A VOGtLrlUT P 0 PlCN 003r00r040960 OOOlP
627ld M!Ci{OWAVES AS A TOOL IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH ..
---(;27!X n629------------------------------,---------------


..

--n
0
1no----------:-;-----------
, i;..C-,.. """''"''-'-'',."- '' ,..,.,.,,, uv-..,vvut_.r;..,.U v .t.VI ..
l 62228 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROWAVES AS RELATED TO BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
.o6?-2
[ .. t r,' , - . '
-0009P ____ -----.---------
INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS

VOGELMAN H PICM 003r 00'+5060 0003P
. 6270Ci PHYSICAL ANO ELECTRICAL ChARACTERISTICS OF A. _______ :_
;--&ziliX-o-691 ___ --------- ----------- -:--
'
'-"()33L+AVOLKOVA-AP ____
. SMUROVA yE I THE EFFECT OF RADIO FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON
; 033'+C PHAGOCYTOSIS THE COURSE OF INFECTIOUS INFLAMMATION IN RATS.
: 03311X 0012 0011
Co3.3'l.Y-ATOABSmACT--------------------------------------
;
I .
I&23-2Avos:JuRGH"B_C ___ __________________ _
i 6232R. REC0'1,\1ENOED TOLERMlCE LEVELS OF :-1-';1 Et!ERGY - CURRENT VIE\1S OF THE GENERAL
1 6232C ELECTRIC HEALTH AND HYGIENE SERVICE
t 6232X 0611
---------------------------------------------,-----------
' .
6208A WAKIM K G JAMA 0004P
. -620S8 HERRICK-JF __ ------
6206C S
6207A- D_B ____ AAOP-iJ54rOOf OllG35S--QOl1P __________________ _
6 J P NICHOLOSON W J ALDRICH J J BIOLOGIC EFFECTS STUDIES ON
MITKO\ii\Vf. tfAOir,TlON ___ --------:-------,---:-:-----------------
0625 03b6 0664 0625 . . . . .
, 6275A WILLIAMS D 8 ITME 004rObr001756 0006P
i-627-Sfl e:OtiAHAIJ J P' NI CHOLSOIT IJ J-ATDRTClTJ_J_ BIOLOGTCEFFECTS-STUDIESON ______ --
1 6275C MICROWAVE:. RADIATION - TIME AND POWER THRESHOLDS FOR PRODUCTION OF LENS
i-6275C oP;[ITfES sr ----- -- -------,---:--
6275X 0625 r 03G6 r 0684 0625 ' . ,
6210A WILLIAMS D 8 PCMW 001r00r000657 0017P '
.---6'"2"fil1:l FixonR-s- ------
' ' 6210C BIOMEDICAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION
--621DX0625-------------------------------.--------------
YAKOVLEV:, M I SECT 00000000000 OOOOP
03353 THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF SYMPATHETIC-ADRENAL SYSTEM THE ACTION OF

' 03350 CHAPTER B OF OUTLINE OF THE EVOLUTIOil OF NERVOUS ACTIVITY

0335Y ATD ABSTRACT
. 6021A YASNOGORODSKI V G 000r00r022860 0005P
--tilTZ1B FREGU-ENCY-THC:I<APT' EQOl:P::fENT-- ---------------
.. 60120 ltYGIENIC OF LABOR CONDITIONS DURING WITH GENERATORS

J,TO ABSTr;,h .. T . . . . . . . .
0 THE EFFECT OF ON THE CAPACITY OF THE SYNOVIAL
- -fJ350C TiE:::bR7ii'TE""OFIFrc-RHtT"' JCilliT TS""" TtU.NSE:-ctTIJ ---------
0350X 0022 0047 ,
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o269A M 1 01203037766 OOOSP
C2C:t<;)e: 'EFFECT OF illCRO'Ii,WES ON THE ABSOltrTIVE CAPACITY OF THE KNEE JOINT UrJDER
-o-z69t- TH"t:tFFECIOFA lkoP1Nc:-AfiD ------.---:--:-:
Q26QX 0022 Ooq7 . . - _,

EFFECT OF t1lCRO\I1\VES ON THE MiSO:WTIVE CM .. ACITY ::tF THE KNEE JOINT UiJDEK

0263C THE .
:-oz63xo022--.o-tl<+7------------------:--:--------:---------------
o263Y ATO TRANSL . '
0244A YELISEYEV V V TlGT 00002009464 OOllP
--G241f9- f.TETH'Ou'OF" AlfHf:,L -IRRADI t;:Trolrm THCEXPERIMENf AL -STUD'i'DrTHEt.FFECfS OF---
02tj.4C RADIO FREGUEi!CY ELECTROtIAGNETIC \lAVES

0244Y ATO A3STRACT
' -- - -- --.. - - - - . . ,. .. - --- - - '" - ---- - --- -- --- .. --.--------- -. ---- -;- ---------------- - --.-- --- - .. - ----------- --- --- --- . -
_Jl:!3.lli'L. YEI<i,.lQLI\.Y_EV _J. f, __ QJEP _.Qfl!L!Q.7...! \W'+=i ____ Q_0_0_5P ____________ ..:_ ______ _
03356 A G U A THE OF STANDARDIZATION OF MICROWAVE
0KEI__ti_/;RiliE:S .;:,.J)_LJ.TERATURE B_EVIE\-1 _____________
0336t ATD _ABSTkACT
6003A YE VMZH 00010001564 0005P
60038 MALYSHEV V M CLltJIC FOR THE CHRONIC EFFECT OF A
-6003C FIELOONTM-HU11i;N REV lEI'/ OFLITER.:ITURE ____________ ----
- _600_3L TJJ._fiBS.Illl<D ____________________ ---______ :.__ -----:- ---c---
&l59x
----------------------------------------------------
6022A ZDECKI S LKWO 04302012467 0006P
60228 EXI',t'HNf,TION Ai,;O RAT!IIG OF TtiE VISION OF PERSONS EXPOSED TO
6022C EFFECTS (WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO EYE LENS CAPACITYJ
_1;>02_2;(_Jl_O_l':L ___________________________ -------------------
o022Y FTO HT 23 1500 67
023oi\zEr-IINA I IGT ooo.oz, 002664--ooo7P-- -------------------
023::, THE eFFECT OF PULSE[_; SHF/UHF Fl"LDS Oil THE NERVOUS DU'liNG. __ _
0230C Sl!10LE AiiO. Cor;ff;:UO:JSRAlJI,\TIO:.J .
0230X G0l2 -
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USAF HOSPITAL GRIFFIS AFG N Y 0688
. '
lEST CTk PATRICK AIR FORCE BASE FLORIDA 0676
tdR FORCE IAL \IE:.APONS CENTER KIRKLAND AFf3 N M 0684
______ -.--:-------:;---:-----:-::-----0601-- f
ELECTRO>iiCS CORP l : 0696 j
THOL \iASHINGTOI'TDC _________ --------0648- .
U.-<AY BAYLOR \JUIV vit:CO TC::Xi\S . 0647 i

eEL r GELL TELEPHO;JE L.:1us \'.HIPPAf'lY tl..J o606 1
-sTHs- HOSPITAL_________ --------r----- _---:- -o665--,
.BINGHAMTO-N STATE H.osP NY - 0682 !.
-5TWi- H;GHAIT.TON-STATE .H05P-EiiNGHAi-"TO[:J_N_Y --- ---,---- ------:-0682--
. t
BILA BIOPHY LAB NYC 1 . 0607
HtiCO BISSETT COHP 0663 J
_ -------
__ O_HI9._ ________ _: _______ ! ___________ 01.15 __ l
CPHS COLLEGE PHYSIC!At.S + SURGEQ.\JS N Y ! 0667
UCOR CORIJELL UNIV ! 0649
DLlCA DEF[i:,sE ooc cErtH:R fFof{c-iERLY. AS fiAT ... - ---- -- . --- - ., ___ . --.6642 ..
_________________ ___________ _QQ..0.9_ __
F!LT FILTROH COMPANY INC 0693
;;_SC_ -------- ----------- ___ .J)QJ_l __
GESV ELECTRIC SYRACUSE 0650
GEOilGE \h,SH : l"ll V 0674
GRANT HOSPITAL 0714
G l.SSJ<Fo_.:_ ________________ ..:._ _________________ 06-lJL_
' , ARO UNIV . . . 0630
FOR...l:_S_E.c\'l0L..';)TATI;_. COLLEQE:_PA _________ :._ __ ;____ _ ____ O_Q.61 __ _
'TELECTRON CORP 0704
JOHN HOPKINS U;:IVERSITY 0654
LIBRARY oF ATD 0640
_Lll:i.COLN_LA!'lS_ r,;l_T __________ .:.___:_ ____ .:._ ___ ___ _ __ Qhl..:i_
, LOCt<iiEED CALIF , 0612
1-.\LC_L,_ LOVEU,CES.h.l.!:!IC __ l;LBU'"JJE!WIJE_N',I_________ _ __: ________ _()_QJ5 __
MASS EYE ANO 0670
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GEN HOSPITAL BOSTON 0680
u.H T f-iASS I riST Tt::CH:-!OLOGY 06 71
r-:1\Uf(IS,':J'cJ! .. A_HOSP l.T ,\!,.__ _ __ -------------------_____ _()f>_'t3 __
MkYO FOUtiCATION ROCHESTER MINH 0614
IriC FALLS CHURCH VA 0643 !
ruJ:.Esrr;c:s -u:;sr -i\-;\i<sr.scnr -r-10 -----------------------o6ts--
rxr<r ii1\T CE:,TEH R;\GIOLOGICI\L f!Ef1L TH 0697
<Jiil) t11\T .INST NEU;< GISEt.SCS BLP-lDtESS 1-!IH Bt:THESDA ;,!D 0617 --
!lril'l NATlO'I,\L riEMH Ii-JST ElETH:::S,lA 0655
:ifHS- tiATTOoi,\L -INSTf;Ec,LTii ________ ----------- --0710--
;;_L_:-;J_ Nt,T _ ------------------ ____________ 0709 __
f1IR DEVELOP:.:Ei!T CENTER PA 0659
1
:-JPri NAVAL i.IR I 'L CEiHER PHI Lt.;lELPHL\ PI\ 0653
APPLIED SC! LAd 0656
tiE:; E"GL!Jlu U.ST RES RIOGO:FlELlJ . 0641 _
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YOf\K UliiV >!EO CEHTER FJSTITUTE OF EiNIRONHENTAL 0620 _
YORK Ut-i rvr:.ED-CEfHER--IIlST-ClF IRON ---------- ---06-20-
--- ___ 0_7_11 __
0646
0690
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A0M3 US ARMY ORO CMO LIASON OFFICE BELL TEL LAB 0603
P,Rto- us-AR;\IY-UROfJAi,([ ISS r REOSTONC AR'S'triliL-AL.A ____ -----0707--
NBA\ US IU, VY BUR iiERO \';ASH DC _ __
--------- -------- o&6<t
th"liU US HES i:rJST 0618
0::, ll,WY CFFIC:C OF RESEA'iCH ., 0689
1!01\i.. US iLWY OflD LAB ____________ J)61.2_ _
N(ILfl- US--Nll V ill .iE;\p-6';'5 L;,t; -DAi=iLGRtn-v""'--- ---- 0692
USAS USA STANDARDS INST . 0657
X'f\v.o-DSAF-AffiuT-ri::Ll erTC r'3ROUKS-tiF'B 'rc:x;;;-s--- ----------------0699--
UShF AFSC AEROSP:CE RES WRIGHT PATTERSON AFB 0605
1,:;,[)[ US,u- M'S't: .:.;,:.J LTFf.. ;,Qppul'fiSys U 3 ifb:=-. "OLJ-i'--
ARDC US.\F ARDC GRIFFIS hFG tl Y . 0687
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t,E<iC US:.t= ELECTR0;11;G ,;M.:FARE + COii1>UN!CATl0ilS LAB ASD AFSC AFB 0705
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JSGE OFFICE GENEtiAL . 0621
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PAREN!AL RADIATION EXPOSURE AND DOWN'S SYDROME
HIT!! PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO IONIZING RADIATION AND RADAR
PROGRESS REPORT
BERNICE H. COHEN, Ph. D.
February 28, 1970
Supported by
ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY
Department of Defense, Washington, D. C., 20301
Monitored by
U, S. ARl1Y }lED I CAL RESEARCH Al'ID DEVELOPMENT CG:-fr'.A.'ID
Washington, D. C., 20314
Contract No. DADA-17-69-C-9154
Johns Hopkins University
Maryland
21218
Distribution of this document is to be limited to the USA}ffiDC.
The findings in this report are not to be construed as an official Depart-
ment of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
A!}STRACT
.
In .ln epidemiological study of the parents of children with Do1m's
syndrome born from 1, 1946 to September 30, 1962 and of
rr ... 'lt.chcd control children, a significD.ntly larger pcrccnto.gq of fathers of
Down's cases reported rad<J.r e;.:posurc than control fathers. . Moreover,
l.:J.rger of the fathers of Down s cases .. reported having be2n
in military service (63.1 percent versus .56.6 ;>crcent for cont::-ol fath(,rs),
althoug:1 t:h is d i ffe;-cnce not st.1 tis tically s ignifi.cnnt:. he cause of;
the implicacio:1s of these fir.clings with rega::d to the ri.sk of
Down.s syncl"to:-ne possibly otiH!r tv p.ccgeny) as WC!ll i!s
somatic damag<:! in exposed individuals, a ne1v (CU1UU::::T) series of parents
of mongols and matched control childn:n is being studied in a:> effort to
replicate the original study.
Interview has been obtained in th<:! CLKRENT
Interview Schedule, sup.,lcr.tented Hith additional questions on radar exposure
both in and outside of military service, as well as more detailed questions
on military service, service number, duties, etc. Follow-up o all
in the ORIGINAL series, irrl'lspective of whether military service <las reported,
to requestion on mi!itary service is being carried out by a of
telephone, personal.visit, mailed questionnaire, etc. Military service
records are being validated for both ORIGINAL and CURR:::NT series by search
of U.S. government.military records for nanes of all fathers (Hhether o::
not service was reported, \vhe the r or not follow-up obtained) for service
record dates, classifications and other pertinent data available.
Chro:nosor.te studies are baing carried out on all fathers in the ORIGINAL and
CURRENT series who reported exposur<:! to radar and the unexposed fa:hers
matched to them.
Thus far, after ascertainment of over 145 from 27 public and
private and hospitals, tracing and intervieHs have baan carried
out on 238 oothers and 235 fathers of the mongols a:>d their matched cont::oJ.s
in the CURREXI series. Tracing and interviewing is CO:itinuing as \VBll as
search of hospital records for validation of diagnos.is and search of c!eath
certificates on deceased index (mongols and their matched controls,
their parents and sibs, as they are identified). date 49 deaths have
been searched.
Military service follo\v-up by phor.e, mail and personal contact has been
carriedout on 366 of the 432 of the.ORIGINAL series, with
information obtained by interview on 235 fathers of the CURRENT series. These
data are being coded and punched to be forwarc!ed for of
records, with the remaining to be sent as soon as available. Arrangements
have been completed with another agency for search of service records and ;.:os
numbers.
studies on radar exposed fathers and unexpos<:!d matched
fathers are in progress: .92 blood specimens hav<:! been collected, including
repeats on culture failures and questionable At this date,
karyotypcs have been complc ted on 40 ar:d 15 more cour.ted. An t "ill
be made to obtain an specimen on all culture failures as "ell
as to collect initial specimens from the radar exposed fathers and their
matches not yet sampled.
i
,
'
.. Completion of coding, punching nod nnnlysis of results will be car::icci
"after .:111 the data have collected.
I
' .
ii
Incroduccory Xoce
As indicated in.the first Progress Repo,,, August 29, 1969,
this project is jointly funded by the Environnantal Control Ad:ninist::ation,
HEW ($21,885 for 6/69 through 5/70) and the Advanced Projects
Agency, Office Secretary of Defense ($64,766 for 6/69 through 5/70).
The progress of 'the total study be frac:ionated into a
supported by ECA and another by AR?A, since, except for the
studies whfch are supported entirely by ARPA funds, the rer:Jainder and
primary study is organized as a single project to percit the ef=i-
cient utilization of supplies and funds. Therefore, the
progress reports constitute summaries of the overall progress of :he
project with the understanding that each agency will recognize that its
funds have contributed in appropriate proportion to the overall accoc-
plishments.
CONTENTS
Abstract .......................................... , ....... i
Introductory Note ................................. 4 .......... ......... iii
Contents ................................................................. iv
I
List of Tables ... .: ................................ v
Stater.ent of problem ......................... l
............. ................... .. .............................. 1
Specific Aims .............................................. ............... l
Background of Study and Underlying Rationale ........... : ... l ,
Approach to the Problem ........................ 3
I. Subjeccs ......................... ................................ 3
II. Data being Collected ........... .................................... 5
11!. Chromosome Studies ..................... o
Results and Discussion of Result:S ......................................... 6
Conclusions and Recommendations .......................... 1!
Sununary . ..................................................................... . 13
Table l
Table 2
Table 3
Table
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
--..--
, __ . -- --
LIST TABLES
Suurces of Ascertainment of t1ongols in Ct;.rrent Series
Scatus of Interviewing in Current Series (as in 1970)
Deathf of Index, Parents, and Sibs in Current Series
Xilitary Service Contact Follow Up on Original Series
Processing for Government Record Search of Military Service
Blood Specimens on Radar Exposed and Unexposed Fathars
Cytogenetics Laboratory Report Summary - February 1970
v
S'rATEHENT Of Pl\Olll.EH:
Purpose: To determine whether the p.:trcnts of fro::1 th"
parents of -mo.tchcd nor1:1.:1l controls with t(.!g.J.r<.l to exposure ::o
rudar and/or ionizing radiation ar.d to t::(;:mi.ne the
of those r.ld.a.r .. exposecl p<1rcnts and co:rcsponcling p;:;z:-cnts f:-o::J.
the tmtct>tld series for any di.scerniblc oiffcrcr.ces and/or
abnormai'itics.
Specific Air:1s;
1. To compare the parents of mongols vith those of with
regard to reported radar ax?osure,
radar exposure or exposure to any sources of radioactive
st.:tnces or radiation.
2. To compare mothers and fachers of
1
s Cases wit: h.
mothers and fathers o: m3tched controls with regard to medical
radiation exposure (diagnostic and/o::- therapeutic).
3.. To compare th!= parents of mongols ar:.d o controls wi::h regard
.to other factors (socioeconomic status, religio:t, :r.enscn::1l
and m<adical history, marital history etc.) recognized or
suspected to be associated with the of Down's syn-
droilie and to their possible intaractionwith radar
and/or ionizing radiatiOn exposure.
4. To examine the chromosooes of the fathers with a of
exposure co radar and the fathers of child=en :o the=,
and to compare them.
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
In an epidemiological study.of the parents of children with
syndrome born from January 1, 1946 to 30, 1962 a:td parents of
tr.atched control children, a significantly larger percentage f!) :a::hers
of IA>w\ s casas reported radar exposure than cont!"Ol fathe:-s ....
a larger percentage of che f.:tthe::s of Down's cases reported haviag be<:"'-
in roilitary service (63.1 percent versus 56.6 percent for fathers),
although this difference was not statistically significant. of the
possible implic:>.tions of these with rega!'d to ti.e risk of
syndrome and possibly other genetic dam;;>ge to progany, as well as so:::ati.-o
in exposed individuals. A new (CURRE;:.:T) series of ?arents of r..o:tgol and
matched control children is beinz studied in an effort to replicate the original
study.
1
Sigler, A. T., Lilicnfeld, A. N., Cohen, :S. H., a:td Wes:lake, J.
Radiation exposure in parents of children with mongolism (Down's
syndrome). Bull. Hopkins Hosp., 117 (6): 374-399, 1965 (Dec.).
1
E.;
The further studies underwkcc consist of:
(1) An independent replication of the previous study utilizing
families of Down's cases born in 1945 and betwee" 10/l/62 and 12/31/63
called the CURRENT interview series. This invoives the collection of the
data in the series, with porcions on
tary service and exposure to determine whether the s,:.me patterns
appear in an independent replication and at a different period ir.
(2) Follow up of the ORIGINAL interview series for
information on military service and radar exposure. Follow up is bein2
carried out by a combination of phone contacts, mailed questionnaires,
and personal visits.
(3) Chromosome Study - All fathers in the and
interview study series reporting radar exposure unexposed faohers
0
=
children matched to the children of those radar exposec fathers are being ,
followed up and samples of peripheral blood examined for chromoso::>e ao-
In addition, the chromosome study g=oup includes radar
exposed fathers ascertained for the ORIGINAL and series but not
in the final interview study series because of unavailability of the
complete pair for interview. For these unmatched radar exposed
fathers in the interview series) a new unexposed match is
being obtained for chromosome analysis.
In addition, since the initiation of. this presently ongoing phase
June 1, 1969, certain opportunities to extend the scope of this investiga
tion have become apparent both in regard to obtaining objective
validation of the military service and radar exposure on all fathers
ORIGINAL and CURRENT series - irrespective of reported service ex
posure (a fourth phase of the study); and also in regard to
the sb:e of the CUR.llENT study series.
(4) Validation of military service and exposure - Through consulta
tion on procedures for checking military service a:-td rac"r exposure from
government military files a plan has been designed for documen:atioc of
military service and radar exposure. This is to be carried out along
with supplemental interview information by partial followu? rein,erview
of the original series. even in the absence of available
view data, validation procedures will be Thus th<l_ .. search o::;' aovern::
ment records on fathers in both the ORIGINAL and series will be
entirely independent of whether or not service or radar exposure was reported.
Increased size of study series: It is now apparent that a larger
study series than expected be available. Whereas it was
that the families of approximately 95 cases and 95 controls would be avail
able for the current study, more comprehensive methods of ascertain=ent,
probably improved diagnosis and more complete casefinding by cowmunity
and private agencies as well practicing physicians, has made it
to identify over 147 cases for study, thus a SO% larger sample.
The likelihood of attaining more definitive results would be ccn
siderably enhanced both by being able (1) to incluce the total scucy series
available rather than the previously estiWAted SWAller study group, and
(2).' to carry out more intensive search and validation of military service
records and radar exposure .
. For these purposes, therefore, an extension of the time schedule
beyond the originnl date and additional fllnds will be required to accc::no-
d<ltc the 50% sample. A budget for supple.:r.entary funds has
sabmitted. It should be noted also that while the ch<lnging circuu.stances
leading to i=tp::oved asCertainment in the tir:le interval between the o::ig-
ina.l and currc.:;.t investig.Jtion has possible an increased yield of
cases. other changep, such o.s those pertaining to residential pat:erns of
f.:tr::.ili(:s of children born in raetropolit.an Baltirr.o::c hospitals .have ln-
crca!htd the tra.vel time and cost per case studied, as axpla.ined in the
first Qllarterly Progress Report 30, 1969).
ln the extended plan, both the doc ... mentation of military
records and addition of the larger series for study are to be
within the framework of the existing project design.
se:-vice
incorporate<:!
APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM
The approach to the problem constitutes the three aspects described
in the initial proposal (1} Follow-up of the stlldy series,
(2) Independent replication in the CURRENT study series, (3) Chromosome
study of all radar exposed fathers ascertained in either study series acd
of unexposed fathers matched to and another aspect, (4) Valida-
tion of service and radar exposure (insofar as from
government records for all fathers of mongols and of controls in both the
and study series. Moreover, the series ascertained is
larger than expected and an attempt is being macle to extend all phases
of the investigation to the larger study series.
The METHOD OF PROCEDURE thus follows the overall design proposed
approved for the project at the awarding of the contract, with the
mentary aspects designated above.
I. Subjects
Selection of cases: Children with a diagnosis of meeting the
criteria already described for the "original" series (1) and born in the
greater Baltimore area between 1/1/45 and 12/31/45 and also those bo=n
10/1/62 through 12/31/68 are included. Sollrces of ascertain:::ant fo.r :he
ORIGI&\L series and for the CLr,tRENT series have been indicated and are
described below.
The .interview sample is being confined to those years for
which cases were not ascertained in the ORIG!NAL series. In that previous
study, 421 cases born from January 1, -1946 to October l, 1962 were collec-
ted, with 288 meeting the stlldy and 216 available for
1
Sigler, A. T., Lilienfeld, A.M., Cohen, B. H., and Westlake,::.
Parental age in Down's syndrome (mongolism). J. Pediat. 67 (4):
642, 1965 (Oct.). -
3
631-
..
\.
interview. At tbo same rate o: 1.4 per month r.tceting reqcir-emen t.s and
1.07 rr.unth available for interview, it was t!iat ap?rOA-
i!Mtciy 105 additional mor.gols would be found in the 'Baltirr.ore area fru'-:
October 1, 1962 to January 1, 1969, ith at least 80 available for final
study. If 1945 were acldc;d, 13 to 16 more c<lses would be available, thus
approximately?"; c<lses in all.
Because of the incrc.:J.S(!d number of sources of ascertainment as well
as be ttcr cl iognos tic procedures tmd case finding techniques among phy ..
sicinns, priv.:tte and publie agencies, .:Lnd possibly also improved se.:lrch-
ing it has been possible, as stated above, to obtain a
larger study series than previously anticipated, i.e. about 147 cases of
Down's syndrome and an equal number of matched controls rather than the
95 of each previously estimated.
Diagnostic 'criteria for cases
The following physical in Down's syndrome, based on pre-
viously reported findings are conside::-ed uprimaryn criteria for dia;nosis:
1) Brachycephaly, 2) Slanted palpebral fissures, 3) Epicanthic folds,
4) Palmar simian lines, 5) Malformed ears, 6) Broad and/or short neck,
7) Malformed fingers and/or hands, 8) Nasal abnorrr.ality, 9) Hypertelorism,
10) Abnormal palate, 11) Brushfield spots, and 12) Broad and/or short
trunk.
Each available case of Down's syndrorr.e, or the case record, will have
been examined by a qualified pediatrician. Diagnostic verification
required for inclusion of the child in the study is as follows:
1. At least seven of the above c<iteria actually listed
by a qualified observer on a medical record; or
2. Five primary signs plus chrorr.osomal studies; or five primary
. signs plus evidence of either congenital hea=t disease or
abnormal hip angles- the heart disease and/or hip angle
evidence either doccmented in medical records or
by personal inspection by a qualified physician approved
by the principal investigator; or
3. Six of the above listed primary signs as indicated by
personal inspection of the child by a qualified physician.
Selection of control subjects: Birth of the children
with Down's syndrome are being located, and their place of birth anc other
vital information verified. control subjects are selected by rigidly
matchingt in a systematic manner: each case with another certificate for
(1) hospital of birth (or at home), (2) sex and race of child, (3)
age at time of birth of child and (4) date of birth.
ln eacl1 casu the best control is a child whose birth date was closest
to that of the Down's child of the same liCX born in the sarr.e hospi:ai to
a mother of the same age. If the b"st on the basis of established
criteria either has left the state or cannot be located, the next best
control is selected (i.e., with sligi1tly great<!r difference in birth da:es),
..
,.
the other criteria the sune.
Th<! hospital reco;;Js as well as birth certificat-es of all
children arc ex.J.miaeU to be that the
11
nor.,..al
0
control group
contains no ca5es of Down's
I
II. Data Collected
Records. Birth records (certificace hospital) and
available hospital and medical.records are examined for pertinent infor-
mation.
Interviews. Mothers and fa:hers are being interviewee to
obtain further Where mothers or fathers are deceased,
mation is obtained insofar as possible from the surviving parenc. If both '
parents are deceased, and necessary is unavailable, the sub-
ject is to be excluded from the catched series.
Interview data include:
1. Complete names and addresses of each parent, index child
and sibs.
2. Child's sex, place of birth, physician, and history of hos-
pitalizations and medical conditions.
Mothers' educacion; and histories of_ residence,
occupation and marriage. Hedical data will include histories of !:!enstru-
acion} pregnancy} hospitalization and of radiation exposure. The
latter will include diagnostic X-ray, radiation therapy, fluoroscopy,
and injection or ingestion of radioactive substances.
4. Father's education; residence; occupational history_
with detailed infom.ation about military service; t'.arital history.; nu::tber
of offspring; illnesses; medical and hospitalization histories; and othe=
pertin<:ht data.
The mother and father are usually interviewed at
The approach to both the families of the mongols and contro:s is uniform;
the interviewers are not informed which are cases and controls and recog-
nition of the mongol's family is usually not known until the actual in-
terview is conducted, if then. Questions about radar and radiation expo-
sure, medical conditions, and occupation are phrased without reference
to the birth of the index child. Insofar as possible, dates of
are obtained, however, so that the time-relationships relative to the
index child can be examined in the analysis.
Validatio.n of findings derived f'rom interview data is being a:teopted
by independent and simultaneous examination of several characteristics of
the parents of mongols and of controls as as through independent
search of hospital records.
Validation procedures for military service/radar exposure include the
above described independent ascertainmen.t of da:a through search of mili-
tary files on all fathers, irrespective of whether they raporced such
service/exposure or not.
-
III. Chromo;:;ome
.
The of fa:hers who report a history of radar ex?osure are
examinee to aay aberrations) as eneu?loidy,
trans locations. d:.ce:ntrics or other abarr<:tions or eviCence of bre.;.!<3,
etc., are observed. As a comparison group, the chro:!losomes of unex?osed
fathers of the children matched to those whose fathers indicated radar
exposure are also being studied.
ln the series already published(l) 18 fathers of children wi:h
Down's syndrowe and seven fachers of control children reported deiinite
radar exposure with several additional fathers (about eight) having
questionable exposure. These fathers and the fathers of children matched
to those cases and con::rols are being located and blood drawn for chro;::o-
some analysis.
It was that the CURRENT study series (based on cases born
Oct. 1, 1962 to Jan. l, 1969 and 1945 in the Baltimore area) would yi.eld
at least 11 additional exposed fathers and 11 matched fathers, making a
total of 72-80 fathers on whom chromosoille studies would be carried out.
That estir.ate assuoed that the rate of Dom's syndrome,
and radar exposure would be similar for y'ears to be studied with those
years already studied. With the larger study series available
and including those who had near radar, it is new estir.4ted that
60 co 70 fathers r..ay be found to be "radar exposed". Thus, with the
matched unexposed fathers, the estir..ated number of persons on whom
chromosome studies will be performed has now increased to 120 :o 140.
\-lith deaths and refusals, a conservative estimate of 100 to 120 is mora
plausible.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS:
The results necessarily constitute a review of the project progress
to date. Because of the larger than expected sample size,ascertainment
in the CURREh'T series and problems of dispersal of the population to out-
\ lying areas, interviewing is not yet complete, nor is the identification
\
, of all radar exposed fathers and unaxposed matched fathars or the
collection of blood specimens from those fathers. Therefore, the cumula-
tive progress to date will be reviewed as such, with analysis oi results
and conclusions necessarily deferred until completion of data collection.
l
Sigler, A. T., Lilienfeld, A.M., Coh!i:>l, B. H., andWestlal;;e, J. E.;
Radiation exposure in parents of children with mongolism (Down's
syndrome). Bull. Hopkins Hosp., 117 (6): 374-399, 1965 (Dec.).
6
to 1970:
Sta.ff recruitment: has been coonplcted and i.s now s-tabilized t:o co!1sist
of a coordinator, secretary, junior ty?ist, nurse-blood
and seven processors including
technicians, clerk specialists ar.d trccers who various
duties involving vital statistics,
t;heri!a:> there have been up to five pii::t ti.::-z in:ervie\vers in the fie::.d
sicultaneously,, thi!r? are currently three i:"lte::-viewers on the staff,
The design of basic orocedures and forms has been completed including
special follow-up letters, and questionnaires on military service-radar
exposure, etc., as well as special coding sheets and code forcs.
Codes have been established for military service records search as
well as coding of data on fathers, index cases
(Down's syndrome and matched controls) and sibs of indices.
Ascertainment of cases of Down's has been with
checking out of 1 is cs from schools, hos pi to.ls, care centers, public and
priv.ne agencies indicated in' the first report. Baltimo::-e City Public
Schools from which ascertainment was delayed until opening of the fall
semester have been screened, and additional new cases obtained
,Thus far 230 cases have been ascertained, of whom about 140-150 appear to
be eligible, according to our current criteria. Ninety of the 230 have
been excluded for various reasons: e.g. rejected on basis of cur::-ent
residence out of stace (or beyond and surrounding
area), birth certificate check indicated not born in date of
birth inco:orectly given (outside study ?eriod, etc.) , family :requested
no referral, diagnosis not from nedical recorcis;or thus far
cannot be located. The sources of the sample on the CURREt;T series are
specified in Table l. Where a case was ascertained sources,
only the initial source is indicated.
Control matching has proceeded and controls have been matched to
cases in accordance with the standardized matching procedure of the study
previously described.
Tracing and interviewing of mothers and fathers of identified Down
1
s
cases and controls have continued. As indicated in previous reports,
further follow up and different approaches are planned for
refusals; and it is hoped that partial or interviews be ob
tained on some of these subjects. Often several calls are required to
complece interviews even on cooperating res?onCents, both because of the
length of the interview and because every is to adjust to
tho convenience of the respondents. For the readily located =espondents,
completion of interviews has over 17.5 miles p<!:O call and well
over 50 miles per completed intervccw at current This includes
hOSilttnl record checks ar.d vitnl records and also blood collection
wllcre indicated. No estimate is yet available for the diffict:lt to locate
group, still being traced.
1
-;
l
J
j
i
\
'
'
\
.\
status of on the series is
ized in Table 2. A total of 473 have been partially or tot2lly
com!)letecl o:-t pa::ents of t1o:1gols a:1d fr!.atched It h13.s nr:-t
to fathers far; 21 fathers and 23
have refused to be interviewed, y..;ith a very slightly higher refusal
case than 2rnor.g control It should be noted
ever that mopgols were through with info:=a-
tion on them after birth and were thus locatable fahlily
sit!.lation, controls matched th:::'cugh bi:::'th certificates and therefore
more difficult_to locate, but when locatec possibly less to be in
a situation leading to interview refusal. To be noted also is the fact
that many of the fi:::-st matched .controls had to be replaced becaccse of
inability to locate.
Record validation: As the deaths become known thro-ugh interview, death
certificates are being requested on all deceased index cases, parents and
sibs. Validation of medical information and any questionable information
.is being attempted through sea:::-ch of hospital records and contacts with
physicians.
The deaths to indices, parents and sibs -of rnongols and matched controls
in the current series are tabulated in Table 3. Thus far there are 37
deaths reported in. the interviews of mongol families and'23 deaths in the
control -fa::.ilies. For 48 of these, death certificates have been obtair.ed
and are being coded; the are being searched.
Follow uu - suoolementary militarv service and exoosure data. on
inal In orCer to obtain Supplementary information for the origir.ul
series, in particular on military service ar.d radar exposure, a follow up
plan has been designed to include a of personal visits, phone
contacts and direct This has been initiated, but because of the
time interval since last contact and the recent mobility of the Caucasian
population from urban to suburoan areas, tracing problems have decreased
the rate of progress. Table 4 progress with rega:::-d to follow
up.
Of the 432 fathers of mongols and of matched controls in the ORIGINAL
series, contact has been made and follow up data obtained on 366 fathers.
Thus far it has not been possible to locate three fathers registered
letters having been returned by the postal service .. further attempts at
search. are being made. In addition, 44 !!'Ailed questionnaires have not
been answered or returned. Some of these may turn out to be refusals or
unlocatable.
Validation of militaryscrvice and exposure
As a result of consultation on procedures for checking military ser-
vice and radar e>:posure from government military files, a plan has been
designed far documentation of military service and radar exposure. This
is to be out in conjunction with supplemental partial reinterview
f the original series, though the search of government t:ccords wi.ll be
8
cn"tirely independent of t..thether or not service or exposur.e was repo::t-
cd.
have been made between the School of
and agencies for chis search. For this the latest
military service ,tnforir.2.tion avsilable on folio..; U? is being coc!:=d a:-.d
tr.:1nsferred to pu:1ch cards to be used as an aid in identification of
fathers in the study. Wherever military service have
obtained and included. Thus far records for 362 fathers a"e
ready to be forwarded for military record search - 269 the
original series and 93 frou the current series (Table 5). In addition, 97
more the original series and 143 more from the current series are
being prepared for punching to increase the total by 240 to 602 fathers.
The remainder are still being followed up or processed, or, if in the
current series, are yet to be interviewed.
Chromosome Study:
The methodological approach of the chromosome study is described
The chromosome study group now comprises 43 radar exposed fathers from the
ORIGINAL series - 27 fathers of and 16 fathers of controls - along
with 43 unexposed matched fathers - 11 fathers of mongols, 21 fathers o:
controls, plus 11 fathers who are "new ;:natches"* (five to replace unex-
fathers of mongols of original series and six to replace unexposed
fathers of controls). From the series there are 16 radar exposed
fathers - 8 fathers of mongols and 8 fathers of controls ancl 13 unex
posed fathers - 6 fathers of mongols, 6 fathers o controls, 1
11
n.aw m.atch'!
and chree ur.exposed father matches to be identified. Other series
radar exposed father and unexposed fathers to them will be aclced
to the chromosome study group as they are identified in the series
interviews still in progress.
The distribution and the number of specimens of collected in
the chromosome study are summarized in Table 6. According to the last
count, 92 blood samples have been obtained on 75 fathers from the two
series. Two of the fathers have been dropped from the study because they
were found not to have been radar exposed, leaving 73 study fathers from
whom blood has been collected.
* Replacements are used for unexposed fathers who were initially
to exposed fathers but who are not svailable because they are deceased,
moved outside the Maryland study area, unable to locate, their
had refused interview in Original-or Current Interview Series and/or
Ill" a unavailable for other reaso:>.s. Replacements are thus unexposed
"new matches" to radar exposed fathers.
9
On 63 ortly on2 sample h.:1s obt.:1incd; 0:1 8, t:Ho sa:aplcs
on 4, thrQC S.J.r.!plcs. To date there havt: beer: arp-roxim.:ttcly 27 cult;;::c
i:h.Jt required (or still rcqui"!:c) a seco:1cl blood s.;nr::ple or a t!lircl
blood sample c.nd on oac subject:) .:l sa:r.?lc :loH re<jui.re:d.. ar:.
is obtained because of failure, the code
are retained zs tha \1he:1 an abnonn.:llity iz ::;us-
pcctcd .:1 sp.aci::1c:t is fro::t subj.;:cc nctJ
assigned. This is fortvarG\.::d to t:h;a l.:.borat:or:.r elor.g uith i::1itial
speci:r.ens, so that the karyo;.:yr-2 c.n.J.lysis is cn.r'Cied inC:ep3nCe:--.tly
(blind) by the cytOgenetics laboratory.
At tho time, 45 more are to be obtained
in order to replace culture failures and to screen nor yet
in addition to 28 repeat "blind" sa!T.ples for checking. In view of the rate
of culture f<lilures to this ti:::e:t it is quite that the num:,e:" of
additional to be collected and analyzed is as great or
than the nurrber already processed. ,
The latest from the cytogenetics laboratory is in
Table 7, Cytogenetics Laboratory Report An average of 20 cells per
patient (ranging 7 to 50 cells per patiant) is
the 55 karjotyt'es counted thus far, 23 sa1ples 1.vill require further
study. Every effort is being macie to keep t:he st::.;dy objective atld to .rr.c.ke
certain that the laboratory on receiving and analyzing blood is
not: atvare of the parental exposure status, etc .
. An efforc '-'ill bd r.-.ade to trace the etiology of abnormal karyotypes
stuCy fs.t:hers insofar as possible to n:>t: o:..ly
the case-control statistical ar.alysis a3 plann2C, but also specific
insight into sources and causes of abnormalities, if and '"here founC.
CONCLUSIONS A;:\D RECO:l?""ND.\T!O:O;S:
A summary of the current status of the project has bean
presented above. It should be that at the initiation of the p=ojact,
it was estimated that 95-105 facilics of be
available for study, based on the experience of """ previous series. Hcuever,
generally improved o diagnosis and tachniGues have
made availa!:>le for study appro:dmately 147 - or about 50% rr.o::e thar. expected.
Since investigation of a larger group would considerably incr.:lase the likeli-
hood of obtaining ::tore definite ansers t:o the questions under study, a
'- renewal of the contract with additional fu:-:ds has been suggested by this
investigator. Accordingly, for maxi::tum efficiency of project operations,
interviewing, collection of blood and other field phases of the
study were extended into the additional series by reallocating funds pr<lviously
designated for analysis of thz s:r.aller .series. Thus, at this in time,
_although no completed or near complete of the data content are
including 2 fathers later eliminated from the study (Table 7)
'
10
a.vnilablc) numerical.counts based on field \Jo:rk, folL-ow up, concu:-rent
cocling and blood speciffiens in stages of
f}i:tva already been r.-.ade for the ol: govern:ncnt ;:-ccords
o::. all fathers whtfther or not reporting or :-tot rcpor
radar e:.::posura) to obtain much infor:n.:!tion z.s po.s:sible co:-:.ce:-ni;1g
!n adJ;:ion) as described .:lbove in the cn:-omosome study) tvhC;:'! any
are suspectcC) aqditional specimens are being given
new code letters and sent for independGnt analysis to or the
initial findings. Every effort is being to obtain as ar.cl as
accurate information as possible as well as to utilize multiple and varied
approaches to dis.ccrn probable causation, or at least gain as much supple:::e:1
tary infornutive data as possible.
1
While this investigation is still in progress, it is to
extend the observations to as large a as is reasonably
in order to the definitiveness o.f any anC, to
the insofar as is possible. these goals, hope
fully funds "ill be made available as requested.
Although this is one relatively to possible effects
of microtvavas, not only its findings per se but also t:he significance of this
whole area of reSearch on radar: and ef(:cts must not ba overlooked.
It is) therefore, i:o?ortant to deterni::.e whether the p:-evious interview
findings of higher of serviceand rada=
-?- thers of children \Vi th Down
1
s syndra:::.e are coniitmed by an inCepar:.cle:l t
replication of tha Original study, and by validat:ion of both the
and study series. At a tioc military and
uses of radar and 1:1icro1vavas, and even household to microtlavas,
are continually expanding, the impo;:tance o:f inves::igating this prot>lem tr.ust
not be underestimated.
11
,.
The p:vject plan thus ir.:.:lucics the following;
series
t. To the [.:Jth\!rs of cn5C$ .-:1ncl controls in th.::
January 1, 11)4\J. 0ctvbt::r 1, 1962 seritJ::> .:t:1J bring t!-:cir
up to date. obtJ.ining more dct.:lilc:d inforr::ution on. milita:::y service
a.ml rada::- exposc.'r!.! wcll as !_;ir;cc our
contact.
II. To fr-o:n the radar exposed fathers of cases and co:ttrols a:td
the unc:-<pvscJ fatlH.:rs rn..:ttched to the ro.dar exposed subjGcts blood sanples
fo::- chromosar:e: studies and to co.trry out co;:nplcte chromoso:ne anelysis on
these fathers in the se::ics.
CIJRRE:\T series
!II. To identify and trace parents of children with Down's syncl'::"o;:-.2
in the B.:ll::i"r.:orc a:;ea from October l, 1962 to Janu.ry 1, i969 as well
as from l, 1945 to 31, and:
A. Verify
E. Search birth a:ccted
C. Select cvntrols: r..atched to cases on hospital of Cata
of age, race and sex of infant.
To cut inte=views of parents of Down's cases of cu=reat
ser i.e.s.
V. To trace the controls o: the current series and interview
their parer.ts.
VI. To validat.:: selected port:io::.s o:: the data. ob;:ained inte:"vie-;.;
metical records in current series.
VII. To o::.,tain blood sa;:nples and carry out ch::o;;:oso:ne: on al:
fathers repo:::r.ing radar ex.posc.:-re _:'lnd 0:1 the co::r-espcnding of
to those. whose pareats were exposed in tr.e
BOTH seYies:
VIII. To validate paternal history by
of files on all fathers irrespective of
report (as Gs carry out studies inGicated II
and VII respectively).
IX. To follow through on any observed in an
attempt to trace their etiological bases
. 12
TADT..;S 1
Baltimore for- Retarded Child.ren
Rose\.;ood State 7rainir.g School '
Sco.rchlight Scr.ool
Scl100l o:.' Chitr.es
St. Frar.cis
Baltirrore ?u'.:>lic Schools
School (Baltirr.ore City)
3altinore County Public Schools
Rolling Road School
Bat-:le !'<t. School
Road School
Hospitals
Johns Hopkins"- ::..isting
\Tohns Hopkins !io.s;;ital Records
St. Josephs
St. Agnes
Bon Secours
Franklin Square
Lutheran
South General
Greo.ter Baltir.-.ore 14edical Center
Baltirrore City
U:ci vers ity
lf.o.ryland Ger.eral
Me!'CY
Church and Hospital
Union Merrorial
Sinai
13
21
5
18
5
2
2
3
.,
1
4

"
3
6
4
8
4
3
'

1
4
9
2
3
7
10
3
6
9
147
TA!lLE 2
Stntus of Interviewing in Currant S0ries of 1970)
Not:hcrs of r.:o:;gol!;i
Fathers of mongols
I
Nethers of controls
(including n\Z\ n-...-ttches
<Vhen unable to locate)
FatherB of controls
(including r.ev matches
when unable to locate)
Total
Ko.

to Inter-
Locate v iei-n::l
118
l ll8
118
2 117
3 473
Stil::.
:\o. beit.g
Re!':used nrocesscd
13 l&
12 16
10 19
9 19
44 68

li;7
147
147
14/
ses
of

Hoth0rs
Fathers
Index
J
Parents, and Sibs in Current S.cries
'
Sibs (including stillbirths)
4
l
17
15
Total
Controls

Fathers
Index subjects
Sibs (including stillbirths)
Tot-al
37
2
3
18
23
Scrv ice ContJct Follmv U? on O'ri&i:Lnl St:ri(!!s
I
Tot.::tl i\umbcr of f.::.t:h.:.!rs of t::ongols .::.nd controls
Contact and obtained
Re usa ls
Unable to locate to date
Questionnaires still out
Deceased .......................... 36
. 11'>
7
366
10
12

m
.e
Process i:-.& for Record o: Nilitnry Service:
to be sent for
record
Coded and ready to be punched
Tot a 1
0::-iginnl
Series
2&9
97
366
Cu::.-runt.

-----
93
143
236

";
.>O-
240
602
'
Number
F:1ther;.;.
NumUcr 11f spec imcns oDtu I.ncU
bt Jnl l,th
E::po:t;;d of::
ls
Cot1 Lxo ls
f.:t thcrs o(:
27
1(}
li
Cont:tols 21
..! ;,t.:_ttch(':S ll
To tnl unc:xpo:;cd
fathers of:

Co:1t.rols
Total exposed
Cnexposcd of:
16
11>
ll>
28
,,
19
5
28
5
6
11
1-;o,go ls -. 6 4
Controls 6 2
nk1 tchcs 1
Vnidcntified (to
be obtained) 3
Total upcxposcd
Tota.l Chrorr.osorr.c
Study
16
118 73
2 1
5 1
7 2
1 1
t,
2
5 2
- -
-
- - - - - -
12
-
of fathcri>:
Dcccaacd Livine. out Unable to Refusals
.. f .. _________ _
2
2
l
2
2
5
- -
-
-
-
1
1
8
3
1
3
3
7
2
2
2
(j
l
7
2
3
7
Cytog0r:.etics Labo::a:.:ory i\.cport St!r.:mary - 1970
I
Different cocle
Status of ana)yses:
'
Com?lcted with ka:-yvtyp;:; 40
Additional countec/;. and pbotogrD-phed 14
Additional counted
11
dot' phoc:ographed l
To<:al coe>nted 55
Sam?les received but sti.ll to be counted 12.
67
{,; 7 to 50 cells per paticnted counted, average 20 cells pa:-
* This involves 75 fathers, 3 fathers havir.3 bee:t given ::1etv
nurr.be":."s for blind checki"'g of duplicate sacples. Of the 75, 2
listed as radar- exposed t.;ere from the s::uciy
because of lack of of radar exposu":."e.
'
'
Johns Hopkins Univcrsi::y
B<:lltilt'lOr'C' H.:ll:yl.:H1d 21205
TIT L..l::
l'a=cntal Exposure and Vov1n 's witb' Particular .t..t:::cntio:-1
to Ionizing R<ldiat:ion ar:.d. Rad.:u
A Tl'jN
c:, or:seH1P fiVE NQ":'C:. (T'/IHt of uyorf <:ctc.:J)
<.
d.
A al Sur.1!.l.:t Rr.nort: 6/l/G9 - 2/28/70
'"
'""
DA!)A 1769C9154
jfb, Ol'Mt:l't -..-. ... ORT NOI.::Ol {Any <Jihtu nunt.<)r;; L"o,.; t.rY t. aiiii/V,
lhiii HlpOtl) .
this docu:nent is to be limited to the USANRDC.
H.::ltc!." Reed Army )!C!clic.:!l Can!:c:'
D. C. 2031.3
Ia an epidemiological study of the parents of childran with Down's syndrome
born from January 1, 1946 to September 3C, 1962 and parents o: matched control
children, a sigr.ificactly larger percentage of fathers of Down's cases
radar exposure than control :athers. Moreover, a larger percentage of the
fathers of Down's cases reported having been in service (63.1
versus 56.6 percent for control fathers), although this diferecce ,;as not
statistically significant. Because of the possiole implications of these iir.d-
ings, a new (CURRENT) series of of mongols and control childrea
is being studied in an effort to replicate the original study.
Interview information has been obtained in the CURRENT series wi:h Father's
Interview Schedule supplemented by additional questions on radar exposure both in
and outside of military.service, as well as more detailed questions on military
service, service number, duties, etc. Follow-up of all in the
series irrespective of whether ,;as reportEd- to requestion
military service - is being carried ou: by a combinacion of tele-phone, personal
visit, mailed questionnaire, etc. Military servica records are being valiCatad
for both ORIGINAL and CURRENT series by search of U.S. government military
records for names of all fathers (whether or not sarvice was repor:ed, ,;nether
or not follow-up obtained) to obtain service record dates, MOS classifications
and any other pertinent data available. Chromosome studies are being carried
(Continued)
Unclassified
'.
mongolism
Do,.:n 's syndro,..c
radar exposure
service

chrornosomc i:l.bnorraalitics
t
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(Concinued)
out on all fa.ti1crs i:-: the .::nd CI.J::\REXT series v;ho e;;?OS:.:rc
to rati.:lr anC the ..q)osed f.Jthers m.:ltchecl to them.
Thus ascc::ri:air.f:'le:tt of ave:: 145 mongols fro::: 27 nubi..ic.e:'ld
private agcncit?s and hos?itals, tracin;; e.nd intC!rvie\;S have been out
on 238 r.1ot:.hers and 235 fn thers of the a::ci the:ir m.:2tched centrals in
the series. >'"':Cracing and in::ervi12v1ing ::s continuing as well &:.s sca;:ch
of fo= of diagnosis search of death
on dcce.1sed ir:.d<.;!!{ subjects (rr.ongols .:1:1d thci::- r:.atchcd controls, thei:-
anc! sibs, as ar.:! identified). To da::c 49 deaths have baen searched.
Military service follow
7
up by phone, mail and personal contact has
carried out on 366 of the 432 fathers of the series, with
w.ation obtllined by interview on 235 :others of the series. These
arc being coded and to be forwarded for search of recorcs,
with the rcr..aining t:o be sent as soon as ava il<2ble. Arrungcr.1ents have been
completed with anothar agency for of service records HCS nu:7lbars:
Chromosome studies on exposed f.:r.t::lwrs unci u:1exposccl. w.n.tcbc::cl
arc in progres$: 92 blood been collected, rcpaa:s on
culture f.::tilures n.nd ctuestionable findings. At this dot:e
1
ka::yotypes have ba&n
completed on 40 and 15 more counted. An will be made to obtain an
additional specimen on all culture failures as well as to collect initial
from tha radar exposed f.:>thcrs and their m.:ltchcs not yet samplc:d.
C1.1mplction oi coding, und .:1nalysis of: wi:.l b.:l carried Ci.!::
after all remaining data have been collected.
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the earlier progress report ''e also reported preliminary observations
on effects of microwave irradiation on cell packing density in neurons of the
somatosensory area (area 3) of the submolecular laminae of the rat cerebral
cortex. Only 3 irradiated and 3 control specimens ''ere available for that
study. In the period since that report ,.,e have obtained additional cerebral
cortical tissues from 6 irradiated and 5 control animals from the same group
of a'dult rats described previously. The irradiated animals were exposed to
a total.of about 12.6 rr.t,/gm in 12 exposures. The brain tissues '"ere fixed in
lOo/o formalin, imbedded in Paraplast, sectloned at 20{.! and stained '4ith a
quadruple method employing gallocyanin-chromalum, iron hematoxylin, acid
fuchsin and ponceau de-xylidene. Cell counts were carried out on these
tissues by the same method as described in the previous progress report. The
results of these cell counts are presented graphically in figures 5,6, and 7.
Neuron packing density was not significantly different in irradiated and
control series although the mean value in the irradiated brains was loNer
than in controls. In both of these groups peak values were observed at relative
cortical depth levels 4-6 ( internal granular layer) and 14-18. (multiform layer).
Counts of glial nuclei, on the other hand revealed a higher packing density
in the irradiated than in the control group (Fig. 2). The difference between
the considering mean values for the entire depth of submolecular cortex,
proved to be significant at the . 05 level. The ratio of glial to neuron
density (Fig. 3) was also significantly higher in the irradiated than
control group ( p < . 05). The greatest difference between the t>.;o
appeared bet>>een relative depth levels 7 and 12 corresponding to cyto-
uccuLc.ectonic laminae IV granular lamina) and V (internal pyramidal
lamina) and levels 18 to 20 in the deeper part of the lamina VI (multiform lamina).
/ .,. ___ , ___ ,
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n a;aother phase of the program fourteen timed pregnancy albino rats
e-Dzmley strain) ,;ere injected intraperitoneally t1ith 1 JJ.C/gram H3-
The animals were then exposed to microHave irradiation at 100
milliHatts per cm2 body surface for 5 minutes. Fetuses vere then taken at
hourly intervals up to 24 hours, vJith one additional sample at 36 hours
ing. the initial thymidine injection. In the interval bet>Jeen sacrifices, the
laparotomy incisions in the abdominal uall of th" dams were closed with
loosely sutures. No more than 3 such Cesarean deliveries were made each
dam at one hour intervals and each of them ,,as thus under anesthesia for only
two hours. Control animals subjected to the same pru::edures but ui.th
sham-exposures to the microwave irradiation. The brain tissues were fi>:ed
fn Bouin's solution, imbedded in Paraplast, sectioned at 6M and 2M and
prepared for radioautography by dipping in NTB-2 liquid photographic emulsion,
The tissues tJere exposed in li,ght-tight. containers for 6 at 5- 6 C,
then developed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Only prelimi.nary
studies of the control animals have been carried out thus far. These initial
observations indicate that the duration of the cell cycle in control rats is
10 hours, G2-2 hours, H-1 hour, Gl-3 hours and S-4 hours. However, the irrad-
iated tis3ues have not yet been processed. The exposures, sacriffces,
and tissue fixation procedures in this phase or the program, \vere carried out
in the laboratories of Dr. Don Justesen, Veterans Administration Hospital, Kansas
City, Missouri.
In another series of experiments, several pregnant albino rats of the
strain were exposed to microtVave irradiation at doses of up to
periods of from 10 to 40 minutes. The microwave exposures \>ere
out in the laboratories of Dr. Joseph Sharp, New York State Department
Health, Albany, New York. The brains were exposed to irradiation on
gestation day 13 and sacrificed on gestation day 19. They uere fixed in Eouin's
fluid, imbedded in Paraplast, sectioned at lOJ.! and stained with hematox:ylin
and eosin. One fetus of the group, "as exposed to the highest dose level
for a period of 40 minutes, revealed severe tissue distortion and aberrations
of the cerebral hemisphere with re-duplication of the hemisphere and primordial
cerebral cortex on one side. Several other brains of the same group showed
similar tissue distortion without of the hemisphere. However,
no rosette formations, are .cOT.monly seen following ionizing irradiation,
were observed in these brains. Further studies on these brains are underv1ay
at the present time.
In addition to the above, a number of fetal brains, from the original
microwave series described in a previous progress report, have been subjected
to further study. In the earlier studies "e determined the mean depth of
primordial cerebral cortex in these animals. In recent investigations m!
have plotted the total cross-sectional outline of the primordial cerebral
cortex in both right and left hemispheres by means of a drawing tube mounted
on a Leitz Ortholux microscope. The sections from which these projection
ings were made Here located at the ros trocaudal tuidpoint of the cerebral hemis-
phere, The total cross sectional area ofthe primordial cerebral cortex \Jill
now be determined by means of planimetry. The mean values for the cross
ional area will then be determhred for each g:roup of irradiated animals
trols. In investigations involving ionizing irradiation, on another
t, this experimental end point has revealed differences in radiation-
induced diminution in primordial cortical tissue much more effectively than
mere measurements of mean depth of the primordial cortical cell layer.
...
original table from the earlier progress report o ~ t l i n i n the data on
dosages, numbers of"available fetuses and nean values for depth of primordial-
cerebral cortex (cortical plate) is given below.
GROUP
I (control)
II
III
IV
v
GROUP
I
II
III
Table I
No. of fetuses measured to date
10
6
11
15
Z4
Mean depth of cortical plate
114. 36j.l
148. S91J.
157.042/J.
157.841/J.
133. 840/l
10 secondssham exposure
10 seconds, 1 watt
10 seconds, 10 watts
10 seconds, 100 watts
20 seconds, 100 watts
...
DOCUM:=:i'IT CONTi:!Ji.. PATh- P. & D
of h!>sU.acl und
Kenneth R. Briz.zee, Ph. D. ,H. D.
Delta Primate, Covington, Louisiana
TIOtJ
itative Histological Studies on Effects of Hicrm<ave Radiation on
tissues of the Centeral Nervous System
Kenneth R. Brizzee, Ph.D; ,N.D.
DADA-69...C-9100 242-510428/69-70
' PROJECT NO,
.None
1.
STATEMENT Th f' di . hi d
e ngs t s report are not to be construe as official
of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
:ansmittal of this document outside the Department of Defense must have prior approval
..
None
U. S. Army Medical Research and D
Command-Office of the Surgeon General
Exposure of adult monl<eys to irradiation did not result in any statis-
tically significant alteration in neuronal or glial cell populations in pre-
central or postcentral gyri (handface area), superior or middle temporal gyri or
in visual cortex. Exposure of adult albino rats to micrm;;ave irradiation (about
body weight) resulted in no significant alteration in the neuronal
population (somato-sensory of cerebral cortex, e.g. cortical area 3), but
in a small but significant ( p < .05) increase in the glial population. These
results suggest that micrm;ave irradiation in this species, at the dose levels
employed, may stimulate immature glial cells, known to be present in the cortex,
to pr.oliferate and mature.
Teratologic alterations "ere observed in fetal rat brains from animals
exposed to microwave irradiation on gestation day 13 and sacrificed on gestation
day 19.
Cytokinetic experiments are undenvay to determine effects of microHave
iation on the cell in the primordial ependymal layer of the
1 cerebral hemisphere in the rat.
4.. I . Jlt
4 copies
20 copies
3 copies
1 copy
DISTRIBUTION LIST
Commanding Officer
U S Army Hedical R & D Command
Attention: HEDDH-SI
Washington, D.C. 20314
Defense Documentation Center
Attention: DDCIR
Cameron Station
Alexaqdria, Virginia 22314
Director
Advanced Research Project Agency
Washington, D.C. 20301
Institute for Defense Analysis
400 Army Navy Drive
Arlington, Virginia 22202
,,
,,
..
. ,
.
TISSUES 0;<' THE C:Eim:AL NERVOUS SYSTEH
Final Ileport
by
Kenneth R. Brizzee, Ph.D. ,N.D.
September 16, 1970
Supported by
ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY
Department of Defense, 1-lashington, D.C. 20301
Honitored by
. '
U.S. APJJY NEDICAL RESEl'.RCH AND DEVELOP}IENT COl-1:-!Alm
D. C. 20314
Contract No. D''DA-69-C-9100
Tulane University
Delta Regional Pri;;tate Research Center
Covington, Louisiana 70433
DDC DISTRIBUTION STATEHENT
Each transmittal of this document outside the Department of Defense
must have prior approval of the Command General, U.S. Anuy'"Nedical
Research and Development Command,
The findings in this report are not to be construed as official
Department of the Anny position unless so designated by other
authorized documents,
. '
of p:roject:
titative Histological Studies on Effects of Ni.crm1ave
Radiations on Tissues of the Central Nervous System
Report of Progress (Final) Contract DADA-69-C-9100
Report Submitted by:
Kenneth R. Ph.D. ,H. D.
Head, Division of Etwironmental Jiealth
Delta Regional Primate Research Center
administrative officer:
Jesse B. Horgan
Business rfunager and Comptroller
Tulane University
Ne1v Orleans, Louisiana
Name of institution:
Tulane University
Delta Regional Primate Research Center
Covington, Louisiana

,
ial officer and offic.ial authorized to sign for the institution:
Jesse B. Horgan
Business Hanager and Comptroller
Tulane University
New Or leans, Lou is iana

.,
' I
Exposure of adult nwnl<eys to micro,;ave irradiation did not rcsJlt
in any statistically significant alteration in neuronal or glial cell popula-
tions in precentral or postcentral gyri (hand-face area), superior or middle
temporal gyri or in visual cortex. Dosages and conditions of exposure are
available from Dr. James Nciluain,UA.J ,HC-Chief, Behavioral Radiology J.ab-
Department of Experimental Psychology-\ialter Reed Army Institute of Rese.arch-
t<ashington, D.C.. '
Exposure of adult.albino rats to micrmi'ave irradiation (about 12mu/gm
body resulted in no significant in the_ neuronal population
(somato-sensory of cerebral cortex, e.g. cortical'area' 3), but resulted in a
small but significant (p < .05) increase in the glial population. These ,
results suggest that micrm7ave irradiation in this species, at the dose levels
employed, may stimulate immature glial cells, knmm to be present in the cortex,
to proliferate and mature.
Teratologic alterations were observed in fetal rat brains from animals
exposed to micro1-1ave irradiation on gestation day 13 and sacrificed on gestation
day 19. Dosages and conditions of irradiation are available from Dr, Joseph
p,Department of Experimental Psychology- Halter Reed Army Institute of
'"'-,.,,,.,llcu;;con, D.C ..
Cytokinetic experiments are underway to determine effects of micro;,ave
irradiation on the cell generation cycle in the primordial ependymal lay2r of
the fetal cerebral hemisphere in the rat.
. .
the previous progress report the mean values for neuron and glial packing
in' the auditory and visual areas of cerebral cortex \verc report8d
adult monkeys (!). mulatta} which had been exposed to microave irradiation
at Walter Reed Hospital, }'our control monkeys Pere processed in the same
manner with the exception .of the inicrovmve exposure,
we have novl extended that investigation into th0 precentral and postcentral
gyri in the same Techniques of tissue prcparation
1
staining. and cell
enumeration uere the same as descriLed in the previous report. The actual
values, in terms of number of cells per counting chamber (volume of countir:.g
000 1'3), are given in tab.le I. The menn values fM each C>f the 20
equally spaced, depth levels in the precentral gyrus (hand-face
area) are given in figurep 1 and 2 for neurons and glia, respectively.
It will be observed that mean neuron pacldng <';,asity decreased from level
1 to level 6, then maintained about the same level throughout the deeper
layers. In the same preparations the glia density increased from about level
1 to 8, then maintained essentially the same levels throughout the deeper
levels of the cortex. No significant differences were observed betHeen the
data from control and irradiated animals ( p > . 05) in either the neuron or glial
population.
In the postcentral gyrus (Fig. 3-4), values for neuron packing density
were much higher than in the precentral gyrus. Hm1ever, the tlvO curves
som<mhat similar in that the neu1on packing density decreased from the
superficial levels to level 6. In the postcentral gyrus this level was
ined to level 14, belo1 which the packing density again decreased
soroel>hat to level 20. The glial population in the postcentrnl gyrus increased
from level 1 to level 12, then maintained essentially the same mean values in
the deeper levels. The differences between the cell populations in control
and irradiated animals in the post-central gyrus 1ere not significant ( p >. 05).
Details of micrmave irradiation exposure are available from Dr. James
:Hcih1ain, HAJ ,NG-Chief, Behayioral Radiology Lab-Department of Experimental
Psychology-Halter Reed Army Institute of Research-Hashingt en, D. G,
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EFFECT LO' .f-L!:VEL, LO\J-FP.EQUE::CY ELF.CTR I C F I ELOS
ON EEG AND
1
BEHAVIOR MACACA NEfiESTRINA
h
, ..
R,J. Gilvalas
Space Biology Laboratory
Brain Institute'
University of California
Los Cu1iforni.3 9002!1
D.O. \J21t[!r
J. fl ar.1e r
\1. Ross Adcy
SpacG Biology L2bo1atory
Bruin Institute
of California
Los Angeles, Culifornia 90024


,
;
RUilN I NG 1 I TLE:
[rfECT OF L0\1 HZ FIELDS Orl EEG flr!D I OR
,
-_
( .,.. .
. ;
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'
. Sum:unry
A series of e;xp<:!rimcnts been done to i'lSScss the cffcCl$'
of low-level, low-frequency electronic fields on the behavior
and EEG of monheys. Three monkeys i-ie'i-e implanted \:ith subcorticvl
Dnd corticill EEG clectro:cJcs and trained to press a pont.!l on a
fixed intct'ViJl-1 ir.li ted hold schedule. The monkeys lv.cre rewarded
for pressing the panel once every five 5cconds within a 2.5-
second enoble period. After the animals perforraing well,
'
they \Jere tested under low-level electric fields (2.8 volts p-p);
the volt<:1gc <lj>plied to t\'IO large metal pl<Jtes 4o em. apart
so that the monkey's head \vas completely 1-Jithin the field.
ields frc'luency 1-i<:lS set at 7 or 10Hz, 11ithin the range of
typical EEG recording (0-33 Hz). Four-hour daily tests of fields-
on \-/ere randomly interspersed \-lith four-hour runs v<ilh fields-off.
Under the 7-Hz fields, the monkeys shov:ed a significantly' faster
intcrresponsc time in 5 of 6 experiments. Hean differences
bet11een fields on and fields off v1erc .11 seconds or
Jhe 10-Hz fields did not produce a reliable cffecl on behavior.
Analysis of the E[G datz: shov:ed a relutive pcGk in pm:er ilt the
frequency of the fields (10 liz and 7 Hz) for the hippoc<:>mpus in
all lhrce Jllonkeys. Similar peaks vrcrc seen less consistently in
the and tt1c centre
EFFECT OF LO'..l-LE\!CL, l0\1-FREQlJENCY ElECTRIC FIELDS
ON EEG AI,W (;[11.1\VIOH t',ACf,Cf\ NEIIESTI\IIl1\
R.J. D.O. \/alter, J. Hamer, and W. Ross Adey
II series of prel indnnry experiments has !Jeen done in nn
attempt to determine \Jhethcr or not l011-level electric fields
hove an effect on behavior and/or patterns of electrical
...
in the brain of monkeys.'
Vary few studies of this kind been done on either
animals or man. Experimentally produced chtnges in reaction time '
in hcnnans exposed to low-level, loiJ-frequency (less thiln 12Hz)
fields havebeen reported by Hamer
7
and Konig and Ankermuller
9
.
Changes in human reaction tir.1e have also been observed under
requer.cy modulated mognetic fields (Fdedman, Beck"r and
6 19
Bachman). has described the rr.odific<Jtion of
periods of activity in man under 1veak lOHz electric fields.
It was not kno'"n 11hat kind o'f pr imote behavior, if any, \IOLdd be
sensitive to field effects so that selection of a suitable
behavioral task was a first consideration. Earlier pilot studies
in this laboriltory suggested that subjective time 'eHimation
in humans \'i<lS influenced by the presence of fields. In the
present study, 1-1e attempted to devise an analogous time estim-
ation task suitable for use 1lith mont:eys, so that electrodes
impl<mted deep in the brnin could monitor brain electricnl
tivity throughout tho experiments. It is kno.m th<>t scheduling
reinforcements for a simple lever press can alter an i:lnimal's
of response, or the timinn of thnt rcspon:;c, or both. In
the present study, .monkeys \/ere tr.:1incd to prc5s a lever under
2
of (timing) schedule of reinforce-
nt. Under this schedule there arc no external cues or signals
presented to the animal; he must "time" his responses from the
occurrence of his mm lust res;:.onsc. It is a schedule IJhich
has been 11idely employed in studies of ilnim21 behavior ana lws
been especially useful in detecting effects of small dos<>ges of
drugs {Sidman
13
) . It 11as expected that if there were an effect
of the fields it would be seen as a shift in the distribution
of the monkey's interresponse times.
Other questions of research strategy arose; it was not
obvious IJhat brain structures, if any, 1vould shmJ an effect of
the presence of tl1e fields. Nor was it clear what kind of
anges one might expect to see in the EEG--other than a possible
irect driving by the applied field--or how to assess such
changes. Consequently, an array of seven cortical and
subcortical electrodes Here im;>lar.tcd in the first monkey'. A
sligltly different array was implanted in a second monkey and
electrode sites for the third monkey '"'':re selected on the basis
of results froc; the first Comput<erizcd spectral analysis
of the EEG done, and some special statistical tests \Jere
devised to con:p,:,re fi<olds-on vs. fields-off changes in EEG.
LOiv-lcJ:l (2.8 vclts p-p) fields l<ere used at t"Jo fre-
quencics, b'1th vii thin the of frequencies usu.1lly cvalu.?Jtcd
r ., .. I '
in EEG \tori ,0-J) ! In of the expcrimcntvl runs,
10-Hz fie id. "'"'' ., ... "l, to correspond to Hilmer's cilrl ier cx-
il
rimcnl' 1,:.,, .... ) In ntiH.:r runs, 7-Hz fields \Jere used
r<ro.w or .llippocampCll theta (11-7 Hz), "
llCiivlty or the brilifl thllt been
3
O\Jn to be irnport.:mt in orienting and discriminating responses
to 17
Adcy , Rhodes and Adey }.
Methods: Ocsion nnd
EEG 1 ys is.
t. Expcriment<.ll Design.
Three pigtailed were implanted with cortical and
subcortical bipolar electrodes, were adapted to Foringer
mon!<ey chairs. They ''ere then trained to push a punel in front
of them on a fixed interval-drl reinforcement of
low rates} 1 imi ted hold schedule of reinforcement; (drl-h
schedule}. The animal gradually conditioned to 5 seconds
t1"een pushes, and to push a 2.5 second rellard-en'3ble
tenul. tf the animal pushed within the specified time
interval, he was rewarded a squirt of 2pple juice. If he
pushed too curly, or too late, he did not receive a rewurd, and
the timer recycled to the beginning of another 5 second interval.
The task completely automated 1Jith logic,modules
manufactured by B.R.S. Electronics. The monkeys 11ere maintained
throughout training and experiments on a standard controlled diet
of monke)' pellets, fruit, and restricted fluids. A 1 iquid
reinforcer was chosen in order to eliminate chewing ir1
the EEG. The animal was trained until he wus perrorming at a
high rate ofaccuracy (70-80",(,} and his performance 11<JS relatively
stable from one duy to the next. All of the training was done
isolated and sound-proofed booth. Ta5k electronics and
recording .lppar<Jtus \!ere in an outer room und the mconkc,y's
bchuvior ;.,.,s rwnitored on TV,
After the ilnimal was performing 11ell; his behilvior.:Jl records
r a zl:-hour period 1-JCre cxc.rnined to determine periods
of freB responding during the day, and a four-hour segment of
time was 5elcctcd for scheduling daily experimental runs. Tl1e
IOIJ-Ievcl (2.8 volts p-p), lo"-frequt,ncy fields were administered
by applying the larger mct<Jl plates, 1:0 cm. apart,
11ere filstened to the monkey's chair so that thq head of
the animal "as completely in the fields. Four-hour daily
tests with the fields on were randomly interspersed with four-
hour daily control runs without the fields. A total of
such tests were done on the three well-trained monkeys. All
monkeys "ere given tests 11ith 7-Hz fields and t1-10 comparable
tests without fields. Two of the three monkeys were
lso given two tests with 10-Hz fields and two control runs
without the fields. EEG and behavioral data were continuously
monitored all runs. In addition, EEG was monitored
in one monkey during t11o four-hour nonperformance runs (7-Hz
fields-on and fields-off) before he was trained to the drl-h task.
II. Data Analysis of Behavioral Changes.
lnterresponse time data (IRTs) were collected by the computer
for each run; each response of the animal was
tallied us a function of time elapsed since the immediately pre-
ceding response. T11o-tcnths of ,a second bin 1-1idths used;
144 bins 1-1ere counted and interresponsc times greater than that
tallied as 144 (28.8 seconds). Hcan and Sti1ndard devii1-
ions were calculotcd for Tour-hour run, ond t tests 1-1crc
used to comp<rc IRT. distrihuti(lns for runs and
1
he matched control runs.
Ill. Data Anal.,sis of EEG Ch<mgcs: Spectral lntcnsit)',
Coherence, Analysis.
EEG d<:>ta v:as cont inuous,ly recor.d.cd on a Gruss poly"gruph
and <Jn Ampex <>nalog t<:li'C recorder, In the first monkey (J.)
EEG \<as rccordd from the le,f.t hippocampus, right hippocampus,
right amygdala, midbrain'reticular formation, right visual cortex,
left vi sua 1 cortex and motor cortex. In the second monkey {7,)
HG was monitored from the right hippocar0pu's; left hippocan>pus,
left centre median, right visual cortex, and right amygdala.
In the third monkey (A,) records were taken of the electrical
activity of the right hippocampus, left hippocnr0pus, right
ntre medinn, left centre median, .right am)gdala, and left
amygdala.
Four sets of EG data from le epo=hs from ea=h
day's run 11ere selected for computer analysis. A set of -correct
(i.e., properly timed) responses was selected from the begin-
ning of the run and a second set from the end of the run;
similarly, a set of predominently incorrect responses Has sar.1pled
from the beginning of the run and a compar<Jble set from the end
of the run. Each epoch was ilpproximately 80 seconds in length.
These epochs were spectrally in consecutive 10-se;cond
samples and then averaged over the total 80
The selected data epochs were converted to digital form
the SDS 930 computer system of this laboratory and spectral
tlti; data 11as performed, using the BH!lX92 program
Md the HlH 360/91 computer of the l th ScI cnccs Co:r.pu_ti 119
'
i lity. Spectral resolution set at 2 liz over the range
for survey purposes. Spectra and coh8renccs (Walter,
18
Rhodes, Brmm and f,dcy ) nver,,gcd for cvch structure,
condition, and plotted; spectra v1cre con'{ertcd before
to relative units (by by the total intensity
6
in that structure in tha.t condition} in order to con:pensute for
day-to-day variations in total intensity; the result is called
""percent power" at each frequency.
Spectral Intensity. A specialized statistical test for
the effect of the imposed field on recorded activity was devised
as folloi.'s. In the frequencies from 4-20 Hz, at least, the
spectra were close to exponential in shape, in the absence of
If this were exactly true, the logDrithm of the spectral
rve "1ould be a linear function of frequency, over this range.
Then any activity contributed by the field would be 11bove the
line containing tho'se points not at the field frequ(;nC}' (dr its
harmonics). Accordingly, we tDbulated the statisti:: ("peak
quotient") for the 10 Hz field.
When the field v1as at 7Hz, more cure required. The 7-Hz
signal appeared both in the fi l tcr band centered at 6 Hz and
(to a lesser extent) in that centered at 8 Hz. 1/e chose to test
only the value <lt 6 Hz, and to comp<>rc it 11i th the li nc bused
on 4 llz and 10 Hz; thus, the peak quotient for the 7-Hz field
became
The spectral hnvc a sampling distribution like
chi
2
/cl.f., with d.f. by the progr<m> (<ccordillS to
7
.
formuli.Js ndilptcd from ond Tukcy
4
) as i.1pproxir.wtcly 200
in our Thus, the of a single spectral
intensity has <ln approxim<tely normal distribution, 1dth
variDnce 2/d.f., end a coefficient of skewness of -0.1 (Abramowitz
and Stcgun
1
} . Our peak quoticnt stat-istic, then,. is close to
normally distributed \lith varinnce ,OJ. Its response to"ap-
pi I cation of the field in the tv;o experiments for each onimal
could be tested by the t-statistic,.lvith the tv;o fields-off
values providing the meun corresponding to the nu\1 hypothesis
of no effect of the field.
Coherence. An additional parameter calculated by the
spectral analysis program is the coherence between the imposed
the activity in each structure, as viell as betv:een
e brain structures themselves. It is essentially analcgaus
to the squared coefficient of correlation, and hence, a measure
to the lInear prcdictabll i ty ben:een the t11o v1ave foms, .tnking
into account spectral intensity, frequency and phase lag:
Although the purity of the i:n;>osed sinusoidal field invalidntes
the usual distribnional assumptions about the coherence statistic,
we felt these results migltt be .
. Discriminant Analysis. In seeking for less obvious field
?
effects, we applied step-wise discriminant analysis (Anderson-,
1 l
Rao ) to spectral and cross-spectral parameters, with the
exclusion of the frequency band containing the field frequency,
or else of that bond und ,,JJ contnining any hormonics of
at frequency. Applicntions of this computer Discan
s
{based on BMD 07H, Dixon ) to spectral analysis of EEGs have
8
een described previously (Walter, Rhodes and Adey
1
7; Rhodes,
Walter and l\dcy
12
; Hanley, \Jalter, Rhodes and /1dey
9
; Oerkhout,
1\dey and Campeau3).
ftesults
Ochavioral data. Consistent differences in
time distributions 1vere observed in the 7-Hz experiments .. The
10-Hz field condition failed to produce a reliable effect on
the beh&vior, For one animal (Z.) the mean intcrresponsc time
was unchanged by the 10-Hz field; responses slightly
faster (but not significantly so) in tl1e replication. In animal
J., int.erresponse times were fvster in the first liTHz exper-
t Rnd slower in the second.
Under the 7-Hz condition, however, rather large and con-
sistent differences were observed in all animals. AniMal z.
. I
showed a shift. in n1ean interresponsc time toward shorter .IRTs;
the difference was approximately one-half second in the first
experimental-control run, This finding was replicated In a
second experiment (See figure 1) and these differences were
highly significant statistically (p = .01 or better). In
general, the \</hold distribution shifted t01vards faster
responses, while overall number of responses did not increase
or decrease consistently. For the second animal (J.), the
mean shiftcd.significnntly in the direction of fnster responses
experiment; f1owevcr, this difference r1ot rcpli-
ted in the second experiment. The third aninwl (II.), 1 ike
the first, shift in the direction of L1stcr responses
under the! 7-flz fiet'd. :rhis difference WilS significilnt
repl ic.:otcd in the second experiment. Percent of correct
sponses (those f,,]Jing !Jeti!een 5 <>nd 7.S seconds) did not
differ signific<>ntly under fields-on conditions for monkeys
J. ami Z.; monkey A., who had il l.:>rge number of very. long IRTs
in the fields-off condition, sho11cd"gains of 16% correct <>nd
21% correct 11hen the fic}ds l<ere on. 1n swr,;,ary, five of the
six experim;,nts sho11ed ".shift to significantly fester inter-
response times under the 7-Hz fields co!"pared 11ith fields-off
performance. All of these mean differences 1mre .4 seconds or
greater, Shifts in modal values illso occurred in illl 5 experiments
and were all .2 seconds or greater. The distributions and means
for ell monkeys are sh01m in Figure 1. It may be o::,served that
overall output of responses and the variabi !ity of those
nses differs con;iderably from monkey to monkey. Never-
theless, the direction of the mean shift under the fields is
remarkably consiste'nt and the size of the shift is relatively
EEG data: Visual inspection of the EEG data during.the
experiments did not reveal any marked effects due to the fields.
/111 ex ami nat ion of the percent p01mr graphs, ho"1ever, revea tel
sma! l. peaks in po11er from some brain structures at the fields
frequency, for epochs of predominantly incorrect responies near
tho end of tho run. A si:lmp le of EEG data and percent p011er
gruphs i5 shown in Figur.c 2.
Peak quotients (as described in the methods section) were
red via t-tests for these epochs in fields-on versus fields-
off cund1tions
1
for onimnl for cnch structttrc. (See
Fi9urc 3). In the first <mimnl (J.). 5lgnificc:nt differences
10
re observed in the left hippocampus, the right nnd
the right ann;di:il<> for both,thc 7-fl4 <:nd the 10-Hz condition.
In the third <>nimal (/\,),7-Hz fields only 1vcrc tested. Di ffcrcnccs
at the .OJ level or better were observed in right hippocum;,us,
left hippocumpus, and left centre rr:cdiun. EEG records w;rc also
evaluiltcd for this anim<!l while he wassitting quietly and before
he had trained to do thi drl-h task. Differences in peak
. .
quotients for fields-on vs. fields-off were observed in
four of six structures tested; right hippocampus, right centre
median, left hippocampus, and left amygdala.
Coherence measures betNeen thco 7-Hz sinusoidal form
and the responsive EEG structures v1ere ahvays higher for the
elds-on condition than for the fields-off condition. Sample
ures are st:0\"111 in Figure 4. Coherences bet,:een responsive
brain structures did not reveal a consistent pattern of change.
No effects on EEG at non-field frequencies 1vere visu'ally
noticeable, but the discriminant analysis program Discan {see
Methods) was applied to the data of animal (J.), anJ iden-
tified strong driving {increased intensity and increased co-
herences) at harmonics of the field frequency. Although such
harmonic response is perfectly compatible biological trans-
16 . 15
duct ion (\Ia 1 ter and Adey , Van der l and VcrduynLunc 1 ) ,
"it does not exclude artifoctual transduction. Further appli-
cation of Diicon, this time excluding all bands containing any
of the field frequency, still shm1cd a clear discrim-
ility of fields-on fron fields-off EEGs, principally in t!aot
intensity ""s r,1iscd in thr; fields-on condition, even in non-
hnnnon i c f tcqucucy
I I
The behuvior<d results Stlggcst that imposinG
7-llz field on the performing <lnim,:,l r-esulted in shorter
interrcspon>.e ti111es. P.csults 11ith 10-Hz fields v1crc not rc-
liable. Experimcntal/contro.l differences for the 7-Hz runs
. .
were stntlsticml ly significant for r;vc of six experiments, and
these differences could be observed in ill I three monkeys. In
spite of. large differences in total output of from
monkey to monkey, the shift in interrcsponse 1:as very
consistent (to1vards faster responses) and rather large (.4
seconds or greater).
Increases in EEG intensity (peak quotients) at the frequency
of the fields were observed in all three animals in the hip-
pocampus, and less consistently in the amygdala and centre
ian. These differences v1ere observed both in the 7-Hz and
10-Hz conditions. Coherences bctl<een the sine wave and responsive
brain structure ilt'the fields frequency 11ere always higher in
the condition.
The analysis of the EEG data presents special pro6fcms.
The difficulty of isolating effects of biological transduction
from those of transduction at the electrode/tissue-fluid
interface is considerable, being almost purallel to the impos-
sible question of "v:hat the tree looks 1 ike no ont'l is looking
at it." Nevertheless, the discriminant analysis program has
provided preliminary evidence of subtle EEG changes at non-field
that cannot be casi ly explained as electrode/tissue
tifocts.
lhc concorduncc of evidence for fields effcct on bchwvior
and on electrical activity of the is 1/e
12
intend to pursue add it ion.J} dcmonstrwtions of these sumc kinds
ns well as others. One nc;J technique to be <ppl ied is a
frequency "sl:eep" from 5 to 2.0 liz, with ,,nough time spent at
evch frequency to allov1 coherence cstimotes to be reliobly m,:,de
there; our prediction is that, 2s vlith ctholebod)'
vi b rnt ion in the monkey .(\-Ia I tcr and A dey
16
) , and as seems to
occur vJith sinusoidally modufatcd light stimulation in the human
(van de.r 1\>Jeel and

there l"i 11 be a band of in-
coherent driving. It may even be possible to establish some
specific non-linear model, along the lines successfully pursued
'- S I . .
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I. n. and Stegun, I.A. (cd.). 11;:Jthcm<Jtical Functions
with Formu1;,s, Graphs, and Hath T0blcs. U.S. Government
Printing Ofr ice, 1964, p. 91;3,
2. Anderson, T,W. An Introduction to Hultivari;,te
Analysis . Wiley, New Yo'rk, 1958, Ch. 6.
3. Berkhout, J., Adey, H.R . and Campeau, E. Simian EEG activity
related to proLlem solving during a simulated space flight.
Brain Rc.s., 13 {1969) li;0-14;;.
. ..
/1. C Jackman, R.B. and Tukey, J.'W. The Heasurement of
Spectra. Dover, Ne1v York, 1959.
5. Dixon, W.J. (ed.). BMD Biomedical Computer Progr<Hns (second
ition). University of Californic Press, Los Angeles, 1967.
6. Friedman, H., Becker, R.O. and Bachman, C.H. Effect of magnetic
fields on reaction _time performance. Nature, 213 (1967) 9119.
7. Hamer, J. Effects of level, JoN frequency electric f.ields
on human reaction time. Commun. in Behuv. Bio., 2 (1968{ No. 2,
ru rt fl.
B. J., Walter, D.O., Rhodes, J.R. and Acley, W.R. Chim-
panzee perfonnance data: computer analysis of electroencephalo-
grams. Nature, 220 (1968) 879-881.
9. Konig, H. and Ankermuller, F. Uber clen Einfluss besonders
nlcderfrequentor elektrlscher Vorgilnge In der Atmosphare auf
den Henschen. Die 21 (1960) .
10. lovacki, 11. and Adey, 1-I.R. The hippocampus and the orienting
Ils.P."r. 1:! (1965) 68-83. ,.
'
...
'.
Rilo, C.R. /\dv<1nced Hcthods in Biometric Rcse;;rch.
Wiley, New Yo1k, 1962, Ch. 8.
12, Rhodes, J.H., Walter, D.O. and /\dey, W.R. Discriminant analysis
of "activated" EEG. Psychon. Sci., 6 (1966) 439-l;I;O.
13. Sidmiln, H. Techniques for assessing "the effect of drugs on
timing behavior, Sci:nc<:,, 122 (1955) 925.
14. Spekreljse, H. Analysis, of EEG responses in man: by
sine w<:tve modulated 1 ight. Pub! ished thesis, The Hague, Junk,
1966.
15. Van clcr Twecl, L.H. and Vcrduynlunel, H.F.E. Human visual
responses to sinusoidally modulated light. EEG Clin.
Neurophysiol., 18 (1965) 587-598.
lter, D.O. and Adey, W.R. linear <md non-linear mechanisms
of brain-wave generation. Ann. N.Y. Acsd. Sci., 128 (1966)
772-780.
17. \olalter, D.O., J. and Adey, H.R. Discriminating among
states of consciousness by EEG EEG Clin.
Ncurophysiol., 22 (1967) 22-29.
18. Walter, D.O., Rhodes, J.M., B1own, D. and Adey, H.R. Compre-
hensive spectral analysis of human _EEG generators in posterior
cerebral regions. EEG Clin. Neurophysiol., 20 (1966) 224-237.
19. R. Einfluss scJw,achcr clektro-magnct!schcr Fcld.cr auf
die circadiane Pcriodik des Henschen, Die Naturwissenschaften,
I {1968) 29-33.
IS
F I CURES
Figure I, Bchuvioral data showing shifts in interrcsponse
time under 7-Hz fields. The abciss<l sh01vs time betvJCen
responses in .2 sec. bins; the ordin<:fc shons per-
cent of total responses at each interval. (Note
thilt only bins 15:45 are plotted; bins 0-144 Here
used in calculation of means and standard deviations}.
Figure 2. Sample records of EEG and percent. pov1er graphs
before conve,sion to pe.ak quotients.
Figure 3 . Significance levels for EEG peak quotients: fields-
on vs f i c Ids -off .
igure 4. Sample records of EEG and 7-Hz sinusoidal ~ a v e fo;-m
with corresponding coherence tables.
16
..
ACKIWHLEDCHENTS
\lc gratefully acknmvlcclge the support of ARPA Contr<:<ct
DADA 17-67-C-7124, NASA grant NGR-05-007-195, and the assistance
of the Health Sciences Computing Filcility, sup'ported by lllfl
grant FR-3.
Is expressed to Cavita Blair for technical
assistilncc in carrying out the experiments and to Joe Lucero
for surgical implantation of the monkeys; Jacqueline Payne is
credited v1ith the illustrations. We are indebted to R.T. Kodo
for encourasement and assistance In the initial phases of the
experiment.
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Minutes of the Pandora Meeting of January 12, 1970
Page 6
III.
l """" .......
I';.-.,:. -
to the question of whether the original signal has any effect on the
performance of operantly- conditioned monkeys has been provided to
date. However, since no clear and strong effects have become apparent
with the signal, the findings thus far can be regarded as nega-
tive. Any plan to renew an animal (primate) study should be care-
fully reviewed and critically evaluated by an expert scientific and
research management body .
(S) B. The WRAIR signal is composed of selected components of
the original complex signal. The negative results may be considered
as due to the fact that inappropriate aspects of the signal were repli-
cated. If additional major research were to be mounted regarding '
Pandora, attention should be given to the original signal.
(S) C. Consideration has been given to the matter of planned
human experiments using the WRAIR facility and signal. SAC concludes
that, based upon existing information, there is no evidence that no
permanent, deleterious effects are to be expected. Also, it appears
security and ethical questions have been resolved. However, SAC
concludes that it is likely the results of human experiments would
indistinct in the same as those of the animal experiments. Thus,
additional expensive and time-consuming human experiments might raise
the same questions as raised by the animal experts, including the ques-
tion of the appropriateness of the selected experimental signal. There
are, however, differences between the human and primate, for example,
the size and shape of skull. Furthermore, it should be recalled
that little investigation was performed in the animal experiments re-
garding biochemical and clinical effects. The animal experimental end
points were essentially behavioral.
(S) D. A decision about whether this field as a whole warrants
a high priority cannot be made in isolation from a knowledge of other
problems involving threats to the national interest. SAC has not been
privy to other efforts. It may be assumed that continued medical
followup of personnel exposed to the original signal has been de-
veloped, but no details on such a follow-up have been provided. There
do seem to be certain investigations which could be performed that
might shed further light on possible effects of the original signal.
however, such work is not being done, we believe it useful to sup-
port a study to consider such activities. For example, individuals
assigned to selected posts are before they leave and at six-
month intervals. The should include comprehensive biQ-
chemical, medical, biomedical, and psychometric performance tests that
uld plausibly detect any changes. A control group would be essential.
on the basis of such a systematic study significant differences ap-
we would recommend the focal research cited above be given a
priority.
Respectfully submitted by Lysle Peterson, Chairman
me
Date Typed; March 23, 1970
. I
INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE :\Nt\LYSES

Armr-Naty Dri.:. Ari:r:".:wn. .::.:.:;o.:- Tckphrme 5 5S-tooo J D A
March 31, 1970
Mr. Richard S. Cesaro
OSD/ARPA/Advanced Sensors
Rm. 3E189
Pentagon
Washington, D. c. 20350
Dear Mr. Cesaro:
The minutes of the Pandora meeting of
January 12, 1970, contain a grammatical error
of a double negative on page 6, paragraph C,
line 2.
The sentence should read, "SAC concludes
that, based upon existing there
is no evidence that anv nermanent, deleteri-
ous effects aN! t:o beexpect:ed" rat:her than
"SAC concludes that, based upon existing in-
formation, there is no evidence that per-
manent, deleterious effects are to be expected."
Yours truly,
/!1c,_,;.w-J (h.a.-.tdt:.-
1
Chanda
Secretary to Dr. H. Pollack
\
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Pi\0/00:<.A MEETING OF JANUARY 12, 1970 (U)
Minutes Respectfully Submitted by Lysle Peterson, Chairman
2
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DA
MINUTES OF PANDORA MEETING OF JANUARY 12, 1970
Meeting Convened: 0930
Meeting Adjourned: 1600 (approximately)
IDA Rm. No.: lOKS
Attendees:
Science Advisory Committee Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
Dr. Joseph E. Barmack
Dr. James N. Brown
Dr. H. Allen Ecker
Carl Huqhes
Dr. Joseph Kubis
Dr. Lysle H. Peterson, Chairman
Jr. Herbert Pollack, Secretary
Dr. Lawrence Sher
Colonel Joseph V. Brady
Dr. Thomas W. Frazier
Mr. T. Daryl Hawkins
Colonel Merrill C. Johnson ,
Major James T. Mcilwain
Colonel William H. Meroney
Mr. Albert Rubenstein, ARPA
Mr. Richard S. Cesaro, ARPA
Dr. John J. Collins, (CNO), USN
Mr. H. Mark Grove, Wright-Patterson AFB
Mr. Harris B. Stone, (CNO),.USN
I. Background of this Report (U)
(S) Certain events presumed to be threatening to the national
interest served.as. a basis.for ARPA's support of project Pandora.
WRAIR was.given funds and responsibility in early 1965 for research
to evaluate the threat, since it appeared to have strong behavioral
and biomedical :implications. WRAIR charter included in-house
and extramural contract'activities. The intramural program was
largely, but not toward evaluating behavioral
end points using the WRAIR (special) signal on primates. The ex-
tramural support was largely biomedical.
(S) Preliminary analyses of in-house results presented by
Joseph Sharp of WRAIR in 1967 encouraged the belief that the
1 signal altered primate behavior. Moreover, preliminary ex-
cytogenetic and histological studies of the brain suggested
comparable energies were damaging to tissue.
...
.
}wor-'-' ---
' ..
~ .....
Minutes of the Pandora Meeting of January 12, 1970
Page 2
(S) The Pandora Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) was appointed
in 19o8 to provide advice for the development of the research program.
The initial presentation of the in-house ~ ~ I R data to the SAC consisted
of the citation of selected cases and samples of the raw data. Requests
wJre made by SAC for a fuller presentation of che material, since a
choice of future strategies and methodology depended on the validity of
the reported findings. By chis time Dr. Sharp had left the Project,and
an effort to be responsive to the Committee was made by Dr. James Mc-
Ilwain of WRAIR. Dr. Mcilwain's analyses suggested, in contrast to the
initial analyses, that if the signal had an effect .on behavior, it was
so modest as to be obscured by effects of experimental,procedural varia-
tions, which were a result of the exploratory character of the early ex-
perimental program. Furthermore, continued extramural cytogenetic studies
did not confirm the earlier reports of changes in tissue exposed to the
signal.
(S) The apparent differences of initial and later experimental
findings are significant from a research management point of view and
should be assessed within the context of the following concurrent events:
l. The realization that .research in this field is comparatively
costly in equipment and effort and that large sums of money
have already been allocated to equip a new laboratory at
WRAIR and at Johns Hopkins University. Further, management
of this highly technical facility and the experimental pro-
gram requires high level behavioral, biomedical, and engineer-
ing capability.
2. Definitive research in this area will also require work with
human subjects, and ethical procedures for working with hu-
mans may conflict with security needs.
3. The prescription against DOD support of basic research, unless
it can be shown to have relevance to national defense and the
recent general drying up of research funds generally.
( S) In .view. of these considerations, research progra.11ming decisions
are particularly dependent on whether the early WRAIR reports (to the
effect that the.signal does affect behavior) are correct or whether the
later analyses refuting thesereports are more credible. Because of
his special competencies in statistics and experimental design, Dr. Josepl
Kubis, a member of SAC, was asked to do an intensive evaluation of the
procedures, the protocols, the data, and the assumptions on which sub-
sequent interpretations of the data were made by Dr. Sharp and"Dr.Mc-
Ilwain.
(U) What follows in Section II is a summary and elaboration of
Dr. Kubis' report agreed upon and accepted by members of the Scientific
Advisory Committee.
'. '.

of the Pandora Meeting of January 12, 1970
II. The Committee's Resume of the Kubis Report (U)
(S) The earlier demonstration that the signal has an effect on
primate behavior relates mainly to the procedures Dr. Sharp applied.
To make the allegation credible, it should be demonstrated that a
statistically significant rather than a chance difference exists be-
tween experimental and control conditions. Dr. Sharp's treatment of
the experimental and control conditions can account for some part of
the difference in effects.. However, for understandable reasons, to
be elaborated below, Dr. Sharp's evaluation did not adequately demon-
strate the difference defined above.
(S) Dr. Mcilwain's treatment of the data and associated experi-
mental procedures was detailed and critical. However, if the error
of obscuring an effect which may be there is to be avoided, certain
additional statistical treatments are suggested. Moreover, it is
SAC's judgment that any signal effects that can be teased out by fur-
ther statistical treatment will, at best, be minor in comparison with
effects generated by a host of procedural manipulations, some of which
are intentional and some unintentional, which is characteristic of
exploratory or pilot studies.
(U) The differences between Dr. Sharp's and Dr. Mcilwain's analy-
ses are summarized below under the following headings:
A) Assumptions and Criteria; B) Contamination of the Control
Condition; C) Contamination of the Experimental Condition and D)
Statistical Treatment Problems.
A; Assumptions and Criteria (U)
(S) Both Drs. Sharp and Mcilwain assumed that the effects (if any)
of the signal on performance would be deleterious. Dr. Sharp was look-
ing for performance impairment on any subject and in any temporal form,
i.e., sudden, progressive, etcetera. This approach is advisable for
an exploratory effort. However, with small numbers of experiments,
subjects, and procedures, the dragnet approach makes the investi-
gator vulnerable to confusing a random variation with a significant one.
( S) Dr. Mcilwain assumed. ,in most of his analyses that the effects
are cumulative and that performance could be worse in the second half
of the exposure period than in the first half. This is a reasonable as-
sumption, but the data do not support this assumption of how the signal
might function. The signal might indeed affect behavior and animals se-
lectively, but if it does, then stable baselines are essential for such
ects to be demonstrable. The lack of stability of the baselines is
sed later.
B. Contamination of the Control Conditions (U)
(U) Dr. Sharp's and Dr. Mcilwain's approaches differed on the nature
of the control conditions employed in these experiments. Dr. Sharp
. ,l\; .
-
..
--
.
tes of the Pandora Meeting of January 12, 1970
4
B. Contamination
used baseline data obtained from all sections of the extensive ex-
perimental protocols so long as they were "after training and before
exposure." Dr. Mcilwain assumed that with so many changes in experi-
mental procedures, no adequate baseline could be established. As a
result his analyses were confined only to the experimental condition.
As mentioned before, these analyses rested on the assumption of a
cumulative effect.
(U) When changes in situational conditions produce. pronounced
nonexperimental effects, it is rather clear that baselines following
such changes become heterogeneous. Lumping them together does not
provide an adequate base for evaluating specific experimental effects.
Thus, Dr. Sharp's findings cannot be supported. On the other hand,
Dr. Mcilwain's negative findings cannot be entertained with confidence
unless an analysis of available protocols is made to show that there
are insufficient data points to provide an adequate baseline.
(S) What is critical, moreover, is the unknown effect on base-
lines produced by the numerous changes in the experimental environ-
(icebox vs. anechoic chamber, night vs. day, alone vs. with other
, et cetera). It is a problem to determine when that baseline
reached asymptote it has been sharply shifted by the changes
in the experimental environment. When these shifts in baseline are
much more pronounced than any changes by the experimental signal, one
is inclined to view the effect of the signal itself either as "subtle"
or of doubtful, practical significance.
(U) In addition, the cyclical nature of both the control and ex-
perimental conditions (which is necessary when working with a single
animal who serves as his own control) can be self-defeating if the ex-
perimental condition produces a cumulative and permanent effect. Un-
der such conditions the control (absence of signal) period becomes
contaminated by the lingering effect of the previous experimental con-
dition, thus making subsequent comparisons between the two conditions
nondiscriminative.
(U) Under .the conditions of these experiments the problem of base-
lines is beset with theoretical difficulties. However, the possibility
of their use can be evaluated on the basis of the data available for
each specific change in environmental condition.
C. Contamination of the Experimental Conditions (U)
(S) Neither Dr. Sharp nor Dr. Mcilwain regarded the experimental de-
itself as a significantly limiting factor in the analyses of the
Dr. Mcilwain, for example, divided the experimental condition
equal time segments and tested for differences in effect between
the first and second halves. There is, however, a possibility of con-
tamination of the experimental condition in terms of its interaction
.
. .
of the Pandora Meeting of January 12, 1970

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c.
with the changes in the environment under which the testing was done.
Unless the interaction effect is explicitly planned for and evaluated,
the experimental condition may be producing effects magnified under
some conditions and reversed under other conditions so that a "dele-
terious" effect could be inferred in the first situation and a "bene-
ficial" effect in the second. Such paradoxical results may be the
outcome of continued analyses where the possible interaction effect
has not been isolated and explained.
(U) Both control and experimental conditions could be contami-
nated by the presence or absence of a ''Weekend effect," when a signifi-
cant change in the level of the background noise occurs in the laboratory.
The data were not analyzed to determine whether this condition affected
the experimental and control conditions differently. Similarly, equip-
ment malfunction disrupted performance during .control and experimental
conditions, but no statistical analyses were provided to determine
whether this was a differentially significant constraint.
D. Statistical Treatment Problems (U)
(U) Dr. Sharp's and Dr. Mcilwain's approaches each provided some
statistical analysis of the data. Dr. Mcilwain's statistical treatment
was more extensive and utilized some relatively simple but effective
nonparametric procedures.
( S) Dr. Mcilwain seems to have shown that there are no consistent
differences between the first half and the second half of the exposure
period. According to his assumption that an incremental increase in
effect should be expected, the results are negative. The possibility
that there was an initial effect which persisted at about the same
level during the exposure period is not to be ruled out by Dr. Mcilwain's
analysis.
(S) There are selection and computing problems associated with
Dr. Sharp's On the basis of these difficulties it can-
not be asserted that Dr. Sharp had established the existence of an ef-
fect due to the experimental signal. No written report has been produced
by Dr. Mcilwain due to the pressure of time. The conclusions herein
expressed are based on limited visual examination of notebooks contain-
ing such data, charts, and graphs.
(S) From the overview available to SAC of both analytical approaches,
SAC has concluded, regarding the experiments considered to date, that if
e is an effect of the signal utilized to date on behavior and/or bio-
ical functions, it is too subtle or insignificant to be evident.
III. Summary and Recommendations (U)
(S) A. The research effort mounted by WRAIR to date has been ex-
ploratory and consequently diffusely programmed. No definitive answer
"'


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.
HEART RATE IN RABBI'rS"
This reseBrch was supporte1 by the Advanced Research Project,
Agency of of Defense and monitored by u.s.
Arrr:.y J'f.eiical and C01.2::1and, ur.der Grant No.
DADA 17 - 69-G - 9288
The Zaret Foun1ation, Inc.
1230 Post Read
Scarsdale, Nc-m York 10583
by
uumuer of Soviet studies hl'lve reported that loH-level
mir.roHave irradiation, at. or beleN 10 m'J/cra'-, alters the heArt
of h'l'!!<:>.ns en:! Rl'1ict9J.s. In on<>. of the h"st controlled and mflst
fully reporter'! of these studies, Presman and Levitina:L irradiated
various parts of body of rabbits with continuous
at intensitJ.es.of 7 to 12 m':l/cm;J.. The largest effect observed
was an 1ncreRse in heart rate durinc; and after irrnrlil'l.t;\.on
of the dorsal aspect of the head. next largest effect was a
decrease in rate during and after irradiation of the ventr:>l
surface of the body, Smaller ch<Stn,o;es in rate !lccomnD.nied irra:1in-
t1on of the back. o( the tot?.l dorsal surface, of the ventral aspect
of the head, and of the apdomen,
The purpose of the present study was to replicate the procedure
used by Presman and Levitina for dorsal irradiation of the head,
1n order to co:..lFlct enough additional either to confirm the'.r
results or to establish that the in heart rate are a
manifestation of variability rather than a consequence of irradiation.
The subjects were 12 albino male rabbits weighing 2.0 to
Microwave power'was obtained from a CW, air-cooled magnetron
w an oUi;put of 1,3 k'd, an anode '701tage of 2 kV, and an operatin:;
frequency of 2.409 Gi-!z {A= 12.5 em). This tube, manufactured by
Deutsche i'ilkrmqellen Gesellschaft, exhibited exceptior.al stcabillty
durin:;;; the exposures. Power fron the tube Has conducted throu::;h
a Haveguid e to the irrad iati n.; horn (Fig. 1). Host of the magnetl'On
output was dissipated in a high-power load, and only about
used to irradiate animal,
The microwave horn Has placed in an anechoic charuber th 1 ts
ma1n lobe directed do,mward, so th.at; the animal irra:Hat.ed from
,_ A.S. Presman and N.A. Levitina, Byull. Eksp, Biol. 5J. No. 1,
41-44 (1962); Engl. Transl., Bull, Eptl. B1ol. l>ied. 53, 36-:.n
l

Supply
I
!':-!Hl"-lcncy
).!c tor

Waveguide Power
-----l to Coax: Aount !!eter
f Adaptor
50 dB
Directionali.-
Cov.pler
Have3uide Coax Cable Coax to
to Coax r--------1 riaveguide
Adaptor Adaptor
J
lO dB L

Cuupler
L-----'
Magnetron
High

Load
..
Horn
Cage
PolyfoaCJ
Block
Anechoic Cha:nber
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the apparatus.
2
above. The horn s aperture Has 7 11..tn. by 5 1 in,, 1 ts axio.;t
J2 . 8
length Has 15 in., e;1d its estil:atc>d po11cr gain vlas 19.5/f, The
anlmaJ.s head 29 in. from the horn. This distance was
well wlthitl the far-field region, which bD;an nt about 12.9 in.
fro;n the horn. Fro;n the estim"'tcd gain of the horn, it
calculated that a total of 35 W leqving the horn produced the
measured po>1er density of 10 1n the vicinity of the
animal !3 head.
The density Has measured wl th a Ramcor 1250 A densiometer
et calibratod loH-gain rectano;ular horn antenna. A He,dett
Packard Hodel 431-B pm<er-metcr was connected to the waveguide to
monl.tor the po>rer during irradl.ation. 'l'he poil<'!r-meter reading
correspond ins to 10 rr.'..I/cm::. at the ani:r.a:' s head determined
and used for setting the magnetron anode current. This
procedure conducted with the cage and aninal not present l.n
the anechoic chambe:::-, It vras observed that the of uniform
povrer density sufficiently large that considerable variation
in the place;nent of the cage would still give the same power
density,
anechoic chamber had interior dimensions of 4o1n. b:;' 40 in.
by in.
1
ll.nd 1>/aS lined ;lith type CV-4 ffiiCrOHaVC absorber panels
manufactured by Emerson-Cuming, This material is rated to
reflections less than 20 db below the incident power level at
2,0 GHZ; at 2,4 GHz the reflection is even lower, A plate of this
material used to shield the animal's back during lrradia ti on of
its head
.!3:Pcedlli:Q The rab'!:lit restrained .1.n a 1rooden box, lihi9h Has
placed below the horn antenna in the anechoic chamber. Needle
electrodes inserted for E:\G recor:lin<>;. After the animal hod
been in position for 15 min., its SKG recorded once each
for 10 min. before the onset of irradiation. Then the rabbit's
head Has lrradiated from a.bove with continuous 12.5 em microHaves at
a pmrer density of 10 r:nr/c:.1"- for 20 min, During irradiation the
EKG lqas rec;:>rded every 2 mln. After the pov1er turned off, the
EKG was recorded every minute for 10 min. ESch EKG trace re-
corded for a 20 sec duration, Exactly the same procedure Has
followed during the control sessions, except that the animal
was not 1rrad1a ted. Each animal was irradiated t...r1ce and served
as a control tHice: once before and once after irradiation.
J
.... __ ...
l.n r
8
.t.r. .,,,.,. ""J.,..,>Ilntr.rl l. n t:l>c mnn0r dcscrtbe::l
by Prcsman e.nrl. L'"v1 ti nn u:-: (a) ?or e11ch recorucd
dnlino:- and after irradir.tf:i'><l, thr: rlcviA.tlon fr01:1 the he">rt
T!Jte befOl'C irr'ld.lation ""'" (b)'i'he corresponding
deviations were calculated for the nata from the control sessions.
(c}l'he relative cl1'1l1<fC 1n for C!iCh period. >:n;o; obt:ct'.ncd
by subtractin;:, ;he rlevint'.l.on for thr: control fro:::
thcr.correspondin::; deviation for thl! 1rradintion con:litlon.
_,
Fach of the three grRphs in 2 represent the mean differences
in heart rate between sessions and
The results the first four rabbits thRt exnosed
sho1>1 a relative 1ncre
3
se 1n hcnrt rnte both durlnc;: ann after 1rradl-
atl.on. The ave.:ar.re :lata for thr: next focr rabbits sho.; a
during the io min of i::-rn:Hntion f!.nd no consistent chansc ,
thereafter. The last four rtnimnln exhibited a decrease the
first 8 min followed by an increase over the la3t lB min of
session. All 12 animals rec<':ivcrl the same dorsal irracUatlon of the
head, and the division into thref: groups is entirely arbitrary.
average reS'.llts for all 12 anirwls are summarized in F'ie;. J.
ts represent the of present exp9:ri;nent, based on
l'ltion !:'.nd 24 control SJss1ons. A small decrease in
heart rate durir.z the flr:>t 8 Has follo\:,>.d b;; a lar;er increase
over the 22 r:Jin. The crosses in Fig. J indicate the results
of Presma n and. Le\i ti r.a, 'tJ;,zej on 16 1 rre.dle>.tion an::l 16 control
trials with 8 rabbits. The in heart rate Has
generally positive, ar.cl this 'oJas both larr,:er and more
than the results 1n our
'l'able 1 lists the nean number of beats per 20 sec durinp;
successive 10 oerio1s of the control Bnd the
sess1ons. The anl.i.;<:>l3 Nerc irrnrliatcd during the middle 20 min
of.the irradiation condition. entry in the table is based
on the results of 24 scssl.ons. HeRrt rete >ras htghest
the first :CO nln of both com!Hlons a.nd genera.llly
over time. The an::;.lysis of vurlr.-,r.ce suon;narized in Table 2
shoh"S that the over ttme was statistically significant,
as Here in:Uvldual dlfferences Rnd the interaction bct,:een radi-
ation and ti!'::e, differr,nce b<:tHeen irradiation and control
conditions, however, was less than 2 per 20 sec,
and this difference not si;Atint1cally sis;nU icant.
i I
. ___ :
' '.Sec::md

.
. -)abbiJ i-
' .
! I , __ .;_ __ ;
,--
.. '"
,--.
.
./.. .. ':7'
7
1
\-7r\ '
...
- . .

'
-- ' '
.0
...
. ----'-!
I
:.
4 8 10 12 14 16
Time, min.
;
.. I
18 20
..-----1..,..----
1-'-
22 24
I-:-
_:_
26 28 :so
--------Irradiation
Fig. 2, Relative change in heart rate of rabbits irradiated
on the dorsal aspect of the head with co:1tinuous micro:-:aves
of 12.5 em wavelength at 10 mw/cm
2
Each point represents
the mean between 8 exposures and 8 control sessions.
'
_._ .... _.._
"
r-: . r'
'+-:.:1-:L:::'i .. , r '

. 1 : 1::
+-
c
I
:-:-
r . :- r I
'
I
'
.
;
[-;-; .
I I . , ' -- ' I ..
'
I
' '
:-
' . I . j C .. C.

I
I
;; ... : .. :...
'
!--
'
. ' '
I

,.;
,..;_ .. . ;,,_:.. -: .:
:
i
--
'-.
j .. ___ , __
:_::c 1 ... ,_,: .. /_ ,_

........... ..:..
:...;.. :. \'
.. ;... .. .:..':
'\'
'
I ,,.
-c\:-' '
_\
'
' - -I
. / .. '
: \
:- -,-1
:-{}--
.......
I
'-:
-;-
....
:--': -!
':
'
.. :.
'\
..
;
.
. :
i-' -'
l

:
I
-!
'

I i
'7\"
' '
I
/
"-;::-j.A + -
:-
I
==
1-:
.. ....:....:..
.c
: . ,-1"'7; - _ _:
..
!
' ..
I
I
' :...,..--i
.. : ...
:::.. L .
i
I

..
......
I
,.:...,...-'
I
. '
I
i
I
' , ....
'
------
---
' '
I I
' '
I :
2 4 8 10 12 14 16 13 20 22 24 25 28 30
Time, I:Jin.
--------Irradiation ------------'::><E-----After irrad:i.ation- ->
Fig. 3. Relative chenge in heart rate of' rabbits irradiated
on the dorsal asoect of the head l:i t!l continuous micro>;aves
of 12.5 at 10

Each dot represents the

cean difference bet>-:een 24 exposures and 24 control sessions
of the present experiment. The crosses represent the results
of Presman and Levitina based on 16 exposures a11d 16 controls.
6
Table 1
Mnan Nuwber of ner 20 Sec
1st 10 mln 2nrl 10 m1 n )rd 10
Control
Irradiation
_,
Sn'J. of

Radiation
Tie!c
Subjects
R X T
s
s
1' X s
Error
6).79
6).31
Table 2
61. 7J
6).)4
Analysis of Variance
....2_
.iL
..1!__
7,80 1 7.80
69.07
.,
2),02
-'
10,507.23 11 955.20
)6.89
3
12.23
113.96
11 10,)6
95.12
33
2;88
86.98
33
2,64
J. 661.43
o'
)8.14
.. o
* Significant a.t the ,01 level
lftl1 10 m'ln
61. 9.5
62,83
L
<1
7. 99l*
25.01v:<
4,66*
< 1
(1
<1
, .
Presman and Levitina devised the ratio K, which they called the
co-efficient of the effect, to describe the effect of
irra.diation on heart rate.
K "'
100 + l!!i
100 + ffid
m1 and mo. are the respective chgnges in the percentaa;e of
cases with rates increased o:r C.ecreased from the control values.
An 1 ncrease in rate is i n:J.icated by K > 1, and e. decrease by K < 1.
'I' be results for dorsal irradiation of the hee,rl ,rere K = 1. 3
1rrB.d1ation, Flnd K = 1.42 after irradiation. The present
\:ere K = .84 dnrlng irradiation and K = 1.19 after
tion.
Discussion
The:l.'e were six conditions in the experiment of Presman a.nd
Levit1na, in of Nhich a different part of the body
irradiated. One condition (dorsal aspect of the head) produced
n increase in her'lrt rate clurlnr. and nfter
Another condition ventrF<l surface) sho,;ed a decrease durin,:,;
nnd after irradiation. The oth:'!r four conditions uere accor.n:anied
bi.sn:taller and less CO!lsistcnt changes in rate. The results. of
tl1e present experiment su!gest that such effects are due to chance
from one set of trials to another,
The variation one sample to another under the same conditlons
of radiation ir ill'.l.strated in Fig. 2. One set of data an
increase in relative heart rate; another shows a decrease
by no consistent change; the third, a decrease followed by an
1 ncrease. '.>/hen these three sets of data ':1ere c Jera;ed, as in Fig, J
1
the variability from minute to minute became less, and the relative
in heart rate beca.me sr.1aller. The largest in the
d data is about 2 beats per 20 sec, which is only 3 % of the
heart rate of 63 beats per 20 sec,
It is our tentl'>.tive that the ch<ltH,;es in heart rate
th.'l t Pres man and Levi ti n3. at tri bu ted to irraclla tion of di
pi!!.rts of the body Here simply due to the variation from one small
sample of trials to another. We are still collecting data on the
effect of dorsql of the head at 10 If the
effect continues to approach zero as our sample size increases,
this conclusion be confirmed.
Futt<re Research
'.4e plan to ru:1 four more rabbits under the conditions of the
present exp;::rin::e:1t. If "B still observe no effect of radie.tion
at 10 roW/em, we shall to higher power densities, in
order to determine the minimum levels at which effects are
observable.
He are presently develop1n;:;; procedures for recording body
temperatur0 and respiration re.te, simultaneously heart
ra.te, \lhile the anirr-.::.1 is irradiated. Temperature \rill be
recorded with a needle thermistor probe inserted subcutaneously
just outside the area that is Respiro.tion rate
be by means of a sensor detects changes in chest
We anticipate that these recording procedures
8
-
shoula be standardized by 1 SeptembQr 1969, whereupon we shall
he:?:i n 9 c f e)';.po

to dt:> r!C 1 r:::--::=1.;;. ti :>n t:t:-:c shold s

for all three indicators.
The first density in the series will be 100 mW/cm?, a
level should produce evidence of thermAl stress, such as
hyperventilation or hypertherrr:ia. On subsequent exposures 1>1e
shall decrease the power level until no effect is produced, i.e.,
until heart rate, respiration rate and te;nperature are the same
during irradiation :3-S during the control sessions. If respiration
or temperature is affected at lower power levels than heart
rate, that would constitute further evidence against thG thesis
tllat microHave fields produce non-thermal effects on
&ot1vity via direct action on the central nervotts
systeru.
9
APPEHDIX I
Swnmar:t of fh1r na
.. 2:;
RABBIT J.:
RABBI'l'
2
l
r-.;-u
---
.. l:li}
c R
. -
l
'
60 63

57
61}
?r
59 58
56 58
5
6o
57
6
59
54
7 55 57
8
55 57
9 56 57
.0.
55
60
2
58 62
./,L
54
62
.6
51 64
.8 61 61

58
61

54
62

59
58
26
53
61
28
56 60
JO 55 57
31 63
61
32
64
59
5a
58 58
58 63
35 57
61
36 54 56
37 57 63
38 57 59
39 57
60
40 60 58
tro1
R=fladl.ation
2 l 2
.!i
n
c

62 62 61} 6)
54 54
53 52
65" 61
58 59
51 53 63 56 58 56
51 56 6J 59 62 54
56 59 63 58 60 57
57 54 61 59 62
55
51 56
62 61 60 56
65 53
64 62 6o 60
55 58
68 64 60 54
56 58 66 60
58 57
62 63 66 63
59 63
59 58
63 64 64 70
59 53
60 60 60 65
53 56
62 60 58 60
50 56 63 63 57 61
52 64 58 67 58 56
55 66 56 64
57 57
58 55 55 72 57 52
57 63 64 77 56 54
55 62
6o 66 64 55
60 59 6) 67 64 53
59 58
61 74 68 53
58 56 56 65 67 52
56 54 59 6o 6; 54
58. 58 58 64 62 53
56 53 59 6J
61 52
53 54 61 6J
62
56
53 54
62 62 62
54
56 56
64 65 6b 52
54 53
60 61 60 54
10

.......... .,
..._llABBI'r 3 RABBJli'
I
. '
1 2 1 2
Jl
c
B.
R
.!i
62 59
61 60
59 57 59 50
61 6J 60 59
57 59
56 52
62 61 61 60 57 61 59 48
59 61
62 62 62 58
56 55
59 64
62 60 60 58 57 49
,
61 63 62 62
59 60 5'7 62
62 62 62 62
57 59 57 58
6o 62 61 60
56 59 55 59
62 62 61 61
58 59 57 59
59 61
62 60 58 62
57 56
59 60
61 62
52 59
61 56
59 60
62 62 5'> 62 61 "" ;.>)
59 60 59
62
55 59 58 56
60 59 62 62 52 62 57
1
>9
59 60
61 6) 52 61 54 61
59 60
6o 62 54 61 54 54
59 6o
6o 61
57 61 54 5
1
>
58 61 58
61 52 60
56 55
58 62 58
61 55 60 52 45
62 61
59
62 57 62 56 56
61 59
61 64
55 59 55 56
60 6; 60 64
53 58 52 56
60 64 59 61< 55 58 50 58
62 65 59 60 56 60
54- 55
62 62 58 61 52 59
61 61
60 62 58 62 52 60 64 56
60"60 58 62 54 58 58 53
6) 60 58 59 57 60 58 55
61 58
.)8 62 57 60 51 56
60 60
58 59
56 58
48 60 -----
. .
.
APPF.NDIX r
..
ummnry:_or R.'lH n,, t'l.
of ts Pe:t' 20_
_Rt,BBIT
5
RtiB:liT 6 i __ RIIBJ1TT 7 RABBI'.P 8
J, i: N'r' 1 _L., l 2 1
_2 ;
1 2
(7f7TY.
. n E
Q. R
E .a
Q R
E
Q. R
--
l: 58 64 7o iss
50. 1}2
62 69 76
82
68 75 69 68 62 63
2 66 62
69 67
48 46 61
70 76 80 69 69 63 64 61
3
66 62 69 67 51
ho 62 68 76 78 72 74 70 70 62 6o
4 62 62 68 68
47 40 63 67 74
77 69 74 65 71 63 60
5
62
65 57 68 1}7 44 61 67 75
77
71 76 69 68 6} 62
'
6 63 62 61+ 68 46
4J 62 67
75 73 70 76 69 69 64 62
?
64 62 70 66 44
43 62 67 76 76 77 74 70 66 66 60
B 62 60
. 66 69
44 41 64 70
75 77 70 78 73 72 65 62
9
62 61
70 69 43
42 60 68 76 77
72 74 72 71 64 59
0 60 64 68 65 46
47 62 69
75
'76 71 74 71 78 62 62
2 67 6o 68 66 lf4 41 61 66
75
74 71 73 70 72
(>f 6)
If
66 58 65 67 4-J
4} 61 69
75
71 69 74 71 71 66 61
' 65 59 66 63 47 41 6J 68
75 71 70 73 ?1 69 65 62
D
D
67 59 65 70 52
40 61.66
75
71 69 72 73 70
67 62
0 64 62 67 66 46 42 61 64
77 74 71 73 73 68 66 62
2 62 61 65 68 44 -44 6) 69
75
76 70 73 74- 70 62
6? ,_
1!
62 62 6} 65 43
41 60 65
73 73
66 74
73 69
61 62
6 62 61
73 65 43
39
63 64 74 74 65 75
74 69 63 64
8 60 61
67 65
41
39
63 63 75 79
68 71 72 68 61 62
0 64 58 63 66 40 40 60 62
75 ?8 69 7J 71 70 60 59
1 64 59 65 66 42 41 57 68 76 78 68 74 ?0 68
57 58
2 62 58 66 66 46 44 57 64

"80 68 76 72 68 62 61 .
3
62 58 64 66 40 40 57 64 75
80 7h 74 ?0 68 57 60
4 62 58 64 65 I+O 40 57 62 74 78 72 74 74 68 57 60
5 65 57
64 66 44 40 57 60
79
68.?4
75 69 56 61
6 62 58 65 70 43
)8 58 65 74 76 71 so 70 69 58 60
7
62 60 67 67 4)
J8
58 62
75 75 70 73 72 70 58 62
8 60 53 64 66 41 Lf6
57 66 80 74 72 75
68 69 56 61
9
61 59 60 64 42 40 6) 62 76 74 67 71 ?2 71
64 6l;
0 64 59 68 64 IJ-7 44 61 6)
71 72 68 70 73 70 61 65
11
..
'
Summ8.rv of Rrnt Dil t"-
Number of Beu.t.s ?.0
RI\BBI'P .2 R!iBBIT 10. RABBIT 11
E 1 2 1 2 1 2
::J:.Eill c
B
C-R
Q
R
Q
.!l Q
H
Q
.!1
,; __ d -
- -
1 76 78 '76 76
80 75
73 77. 60 69
.56 41;
2
7'1 78
73
80 75 74 73 58 63
56 41;

80 80
. 7 73
79 72 72 76 62 64 56 41;
78 80 ?4 75 80 75 72 76 62 60 61 4)
?
77 ?7 .71 78 81 84
72 78 62 61
58,
..
6 78 72 75 76
80 68 72 77
64 64 58 46
7 76 72 69 77 79 74 74 78 58 62 54 54
8
77 70 74 77 79 72 74 76 59 67
5/f 40
9
80 76 73 68 79 75
74 77
60 60 52 42
.0
83 72 70 77 73 74 74 76
60 68 52 41
"
78 6'7 75 75 79
72 74 77
60
59
48 44
"'
.!< 80 78
79 75
80 74 74 74
6] 60 50 42
.6
75 76
76 76 80 72 70 73
61 58 52 50
.8 74 79 73 7')
so 72 75 73
62 62 51 IJ.S
0 '(0 79
75 73.- 79
63
74 73
61 60 50 4J
2
. 69 77 75 75
78 70 75 74
61 6) 56 1;2
,,
71 78 75 75
78 73
?1> 72
611 62 43 42
.,.
6
73 77
76 74 78 74 71 75
57 64.
44 4)
8 72 78 76 73 77 73
72 74. 50 6/f 44 45
:)
77 79 73 73
76 72 6'? 74
61 61 41 41
1 73 82 72 74
78 72
68 74
61 64 41 42
>
71 78 72 72 77 72 69 74
60 63
42 42
3
71 77 70 70 78 70 76 74 56 6}
4J 41

69 75
68 76 78 72 75 72
60 62 40 46
) 69 76
75 71} 79 70 71 .72
60 62 48 45
'
66 76 69 72 80 71 ?0 72 59 60
46 50
)
'
76 .76 71 67 76 70 72 72
60 62
46 42
76 76
65 ?lf 76 76 70 73
61 60 46 46
,.
79 76 69 77
76 74 68 71 61 58
)8 44
80 78 70 76 76 75
66 71
64 62 )8 38
12
RABtll'I' 12
l 2
Q
R C R
'
64 59
64 61;
63 59
64 6)
65 63
59 6?
62 6}
62 62
59 62
61} 66
' .
. .
59 64 62 68
57 60
64 613
58 58 58 51
61 59 57
64
62 60 60 65
61
58
66 67
62
57
6!+ 64
61 54 62 61
62 61 63 66
59 72
68
"'
.)0
57 65
60 56
56 59
60 61+
56 60 63
64
59 68
60 64
57 59
58 58
57 58
62 66
55 57
62 61
58 58
62 70
59 56
61 65
62 56 62 68
6) 59 64 67
58 60 62 69
64- 60 64 65
64- 64 64 69
64 66 60 63
----------
TOP
cl'


OP SECRET
r..,. .
(\.. xr Q1!! OP QU

E!'ES ORLT
....
!IIEPIHG f' . :r:I)MUESTIC 12
PREPARED l'OR EISEBHOW'Elh


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-
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. a't level. Rel!roduct1on in a.n,y f'orm or th.e of written or
a "' mechanically transcribed notes is strictly forbidden .

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TH
wASHINQTON
. Septefr 24, 1947.
MEMORAtlDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF DF.FENS"
Dear Secretary Forrestal
As per our recent on this matter,
you are hereby authorized with all due
speed and caution upon your ertaking. Hereafter
this matter shall be re!erre td onl7 as Operation
Majestic Twelve. '
It continues to be eeling that any future
considerations the ultimate disposition
o! this matter t solely with the ottice
of the President fo ng appropriate discussions
with yourself, Dr. and the Director of Central
Intelligence. ..


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Agreement Transfer of Project PANDORA
The Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Department of the
Army have established an agreement for transfer of the ARPA PANDORA
Project to Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. The PANDORA project
includes all work executed or being executed under ARPA Orders '791, 79b
945 and 1508. The preliminary agreement entered into by ColoneiTvilliam
-
'1Vleroney (U.S. Army/WRAIR) and Mr. RichardS. Cesaro !ARPA/Advanced
Sensors) for the transfer of project PANDORA is hereby incorporated as
part of the final transfer plan. In addition, the following items apply:
a. ARPA will transfer $200K in FY -71 as final funding of the oper-
ations at the WRAIR. This will cover residual PANDORA testing, and
other important microwave experiments on bio-life systems as well as
the utilization of the new laboratories and instrumentation which were
procured by ARPA funds.
b. The extent of the FY -70 and prior year funds committed by ARPA
Orders l 508 and 791 constitute the total commitment of ARPA except for
the aforementioned $200K. Any residual unexpended balances applicable
to these Orders may be applied by the Army to extend existing contracts,
as necessary, or should be reported to ARPA (Program Management) for
withdrawal. Funds committed for payment of unliquidated obligations
against ARPA Order 792 (Electronic Instrumentation for Biomedical Tests)
being executed by the Air Force Systems Command Avionics Laboratory,
and ARPA Order 945 (Electronic Support) executed by the Army Missile
Command will remain at these agencies for of the PANDORA and
follow- on efforts.
c. All equipment and facilities procured by WRAIR for the PANDORA
Program with ARPA funds to be transferred to WRAIR.
I
d. Security: Special limited distribution documents are to be retained i /
by WRAIR. At such time as these documents are no longer required, they (
shall be destroyed with appropriate accountability as set forth in the regu- /
lations.
e. No personnel or personnel spaces are to be transferred from
ARPA to the Army for the accomplishment of the subject project.
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It is agreed that funds for the microwave research on biological systems
and the support of the new laboratory and related facilities will be provided
by the U.S. Army in FY-1972 and beyond.
This transfer pian shall be effective on 1 July 1970.
E. Rechtin
Director
Advanced Research Projects Agency
1 5 JUII 1970
2
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A. Vl. Betts
iA. General, USA
Chief, Research and Developrnent
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SUDJECT: Project PAIWORA - Prelimin::1ry Aercemcnt for Transfer to
Army
Over the past four years, All.PA suprol'tcd tho initial rese::1rch on Pro;ject
I'ANOORA on a high urcency basis. Durinr; this period quick
11
fix" labora-
tory facilities were procured and inatalled for early Pilot Experiments
at h'llAIR. Subsequently, AHPA provided funds for establishing a nm1 re-
search facility at \:,'JlAIJl for observation of biological effects caused by
electro magnetic radiation especially those in the region of
the spectr\llll. This facility has a photo laboratory, a neuro-chemistry
laboratory, a neuro-ph)Siology laboratory, a behavioral laboratory, com-
puter and auxiliary software as Hell as other essential elements to carry
out the important scientific work.
ARPA has completed the role it normally plays "in the ron as regards
to mm actlvities. He have also observed that your interests,
competence and participation as Ail.PA's Ao;cnt in this area of reoearch,
all indicate that you should continue to carry on futuro worl: in this
field. Accordingly, when AllPA phases out of tho project in FY-1971 H
is proposed to tmnsfer all the equipment and t.he ncH facilities at HRAIR to
the U.S. Army, provided that the U.S. Army agrees to accept the responsibility
for U1e opcrating,_the facility and for the conduct of R&D on the effects of
radiation on living systems.
Preliminary agreemcmt betHcen u.s. Army and ARPA is necessary so that all
formal action for transfer of the project and associated facUities at
HRAIR can be effected at an early date. This document is a preliminary
step to be followed by formal transfer.
COORDINA
Date: 20 Mar 1970
Willi:
Colonel, MG, USA
Director,
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Iii I i )#; ;_69
Colonel W. H. Meroney, MC
Department of Ea:perlmental PaycholoSY THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN DOV'INGRADED
Walter Reed Army tn.tttu.te of TO "UNCLASSIFIED 8 OCT
1979
:::::::' Center .... -------
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_Dol' B1U:
Refel'euee Ia made to J01U' letter, dateciiO September 1969,
r . ami to our IUblequeat coaveraattoD relative thereto.
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. A1 a re1ult of letter, ov recent converaatlona, ami evente
lA the Filmlora pi'OIJI'&m leadlfta up to oul' ea:change of lclea11 l have
trled to herein nml!DIII'I.tle thoae manaaement poUclea, actlone, ami
prOIJI'Ilfft d.lrec:tlonswe have both 41Rilllecl ami mutuslly conc:lucled
woWclrepresent lmpol't&at ltepa to take to aeaure the
. ncceeefv.l eomluct of the Pandora prosram. If you aaree with the
. followlfta approach, I woulcl Ukct to auggeet we u.ee thl1 memo ae
the baall for a Joint "Letter of Umlerft&mllq" ln the management
of the Filmlora. pi'OII'&m.
a. WRAJR: It bat! become essential to conduct the Pandora
prosram umler the WRAIR Ol'pnlaatlon (pl'ovldlns you c:aa &nange lt)
eubjec:tlna it to all of the manaaement c:ontroll, technlquea, and pollclea
;ou have 1et up for the normal conduct of project under WRAJR. I
fully conc:v ln thla atep and completely npport It aa an ea:cellent
move to take. l hope you can you management
of the neceaalty for thl and I wUl alalat you In IUlJ way you aee nt.
b. Securltyz I beUeve the tteecl lor a major revlelon la the Pandora
. pnpam eecurlty, control, anti dellnltloo lD vi- of the preeent etatua
u4 telllta plaued Ia entlal. I IUIJSt the tollowlq ow
. , .. ''pldelltte." II yoo esru, I wlll proceed to obtala valll!a.tloo of them
from appropriate ecurlty authority.
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, TM. JIUI'pole and backsro1111d leading to the lnltlatlon of the
FilmiQI'a proal'am IAclwllq the e.act data on the apec:lal sliJnal and
lte hlnory :aunt be c:ontiDaed at a TOP SECRETUmlted Dlatrlbutlon
Mr. Rubenstein'-----
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(TSLD) level. Specifically, the electromag11.etic wave form data
and the spocifiecl data on the three different modes of the special signal
(only one of which we have simulated and used to date) ie to be held at the
TS-LD security category. The history and the background infor
ma.tion on the' special signal is also to be held TS-LD. The fact.
however. that ARPA-Walter Reed ie conducting researeh using low
level microwave environment ou monkeys and in a test chamber la to
be considered unclaeslf1ed. The data derived from all experiments
in the microwave facility is to be coftsidered unclassified. Thill in-
clude data obtaifted with the special signal providll\g the detailed
wave forma of thls signal awl its structure are not revealed all\ee
they are TS-LD. The !act that experiments are being run at levels
ol4. 5 mwicm
2
and lawer or both CW and modulated wave Corms is
unclass:lfled. The lac:iUty and all test equipment
contained the.-ei.Jl. awl data d\lrived from the planued man experiments
are unchusJ.!led except when the character of the special signal and
the detailed information of the signal's structure and characteristic a
are to be revealed. Unc:laulf1ed information on the mlcrawave
Bi.gna.l used for experlments with the special 11lgnal wlll be limited
to the tact that the level i 4. 5 r:n:w /cm.Z and below and that it ls a
modulated complex signal wave form.. Surrunarizing the suggested
!Security poUcy fer Pandora:
(1) The original purpos:e and background history of the initiation
of the Pandora program and the exact data en the special signal must
be continued at a TS-LD level.
(l) The project at WRAIR will be unclauUled - with the exception
ol (1) above.
(3) The fact that WRAIR is carrying oft o.xperimentatl.ons in
low level microwa11e radiation is unc:lassUied.
(4) The buUding and microwave test racillties at WRAIR are
unclaasllled.
(5) Result. of tes:t:s are unclassified even those results obtained
when the 1peclal signal ie utilized providing the special signalte not
identJ.!led beyoad what is atate4 prevlouely.
{6) Analysis of the data lncludblg the raw data obtained !rom
experlmtlll&e le u.ru:lesellied even that o the special lllgnal providing
the ll[>ec:ial llgMl lteeU ia not identified.
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(7) The "man" experiments will be llnclassified with the
previously stated ground rules relative to the signal.
It is thought that WRAIR and ARPA can readlly support and
explain their reasons for conducting the Pandora program based
on exploring whether or not anl.mals or men subjected to low level
microwave radiation may be affected to where temporary performance
degradation ls experienced even thou!Jb this effect is recoverable
to those exposed.
ARPA Advanced Sensors unclassllled interest in the support and
conduct of the Pandora experimental program centers around the
fact that the Department of Defense has a larger number of radar
syetems of both low and high power where pereonnel are performing
important functions 1n the radar environment. The degradation in
human perlormance, ll it occurs, under low level exposures over
prolonged periods, could :affect the operators and thereby affect
the overall systems performance and efficiency while the effects,
if they exlst, must be explored. ARPAiAS clauiiied interest in
the prQgram remains the same and is still under the Rl!rD TOP
SECRET-Limited Distribution Category.
c. Visits - the neceuity ior controlling visits tQ the Pandora
facility ie recognized as an essential step in maintaining good
program management. Uncontrolled vlsltora not only consume
valuable time but may go away with information on the results of
raw test data that hae not been analyzed and as such, if reported,
cotdd mhtrepresent the true experiments being conducted. Accordingly,
I would like to suggest with your concurran.ce that your office be
the control center for all vlsite to the Pandora facility at Walter Reed.
These visits should be m11tu.al1y agreed to on the part of both our offieea
aa to visitors ''need-to-know", timeliness and scheduling. I look
to you to assume this focal point o visit control for the program.
Included are visit by committee members, by IDA personnel, ARPA
pereonnel, and all other outsiders.
d. Relatione of the Scientlllc \dvlsory Committee with WRAIR
ARPA/AS- ARPA/AS views the formation and operation of the
Pandora Scientlfle Advisory Committee to be an enentlal part of
management lnpGte needed !or the overall Pandora program and
lts relationship to other US Government activities ln this field.
I know you alao feel that thia outside, objective, profeulonally
competent, committee ls a valuable maDagement tool tor Walter
Reed aa ARPA. Several ad hoc panels have been lormulated
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within the Pandora Scientific Advisory Board to review certain
findings obtained to date inorder to reestablish valid, technical
criteria lor conclusions that might be reached. The first ol these
groups, to be beaded and chaired by Dr. Kubis, will be charged
with determining whether or not the data can support that there
have been microwave effects obtained so fa:r in the Pandora program.
This step ie essential, ae you have already concluded, in revali
dating any conclusions that might be reached to date. Before this
group can !unction, it will be necessary to have Dr. Kubis sit
down with you and ex:plaln hie method of approach for the review
of the data and obtain your auistance in its methods and in carrying
it out. This same procedure will be followed with any other sub
panel that the committee advises in any other area, i.e. the question
of the signal. As we discussed, I concur in your establishing an
internal WRAIR Sc:i.entl!lc Advisory Board to maintain a continuing
technical review of the Pandora experiments already conducted as
well as experiments to be conducted by WRAIR and all of its
subcontractors.
Any committee actlon requiring participation with WRAIR
personnel and all relating data from e:!Cperiments in the Pandora
program will be coordinated and arranged through your o!fice
prior to any actions being undertaken.
e. ARPA/AS WRAIR Relatione 1 have round our written discuuions
and program review to be exceedingly valuable to me in the future
planning and conduct o the Pandora program. I would suggest that
you and I arrange a monthly meeting to provide !'rogram review and
take any actions that may be necessary.
1 belill>ve the suggested management changes in the program fo't'
the conduct of Pandora outlined within to be mutually beneficial and
wlll result in providing a wide base from which to work in conducting
these most dil!icult experiments.
Richard S. Cesaro
Director
Advanced Sensors
~
DEF"ENSE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY ~
1400 WILSON BOULEVARD ~
. ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA 22209
15 September 1977
Honorable Warren G. Magnuson
Chairman, Com.rnittee on Commerce,
Science, and Transportation
Washington, D. C. 2.0510
;:.ear Mr. Chairman:
R.eference is made to your letter dated lZ August asking a
number of questions concerning Project Pandora.
In response to these questions, the following information is
furnished:
1. Project Pandora was classified at the direction of the
Department of State and the United States Intelligence Board
because of the sensitivity of the radiation problem of the
umted States Embassy in Moscow at that time.
Z. The total cost of Project Pandora was $4,615,000. A detailed
breakout of the costs of the Walter R.eed facilities and of the
projects undertaken within the facility is not available.
3. All the raw data of Project Pandora was amassed by the
technical researchers with only technical progress reports being
furnished this agency. We would have no knowledge of what
disposition was made of the raw data.
4. This agency has available a number of technical documents
identified as "Minutes of Pandora Meetings" as well as several
technical reports. These documents have been declassified.
5. This agency has no knowledge as to whether the data collected
at Walter Reed we;re destroyed and, if so, the reasons for its
destruction. Documents containing research, development, test
and evaluation information or data are handled by this agency in
accordance with the requirements of the Federal R.ecords Act of
1950, Public Law 754, Slst Congress, as implemented by
Department of Defense Instructions.
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1X1NA!.D W. IIUa:otL .... tiiiCM.
Ma..QN&:&, IIION'T.
. .
August 12, 1977
/ .!9!4us .!Den:a:u
COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, Kl.-:.:
AHCI
WASHIHQTON. D.C. aolfO
Dr. George H. He11meier, llfrector
Defense Advanced Research Projects Ageney
Architect Building
1400 Wilson Boulevard
Arlington, Virginia 22209
Dear Dr. Heflmeier:
In hearings on radiation health and safety conducted by
Committee on June 16th to 17th, 27th to 29th, 1977, several questions
were raised which the DOD witnesses testifying at that hearing were unable
to answer. These questions are enclosed with this letter. The Collll!ittee
would appreciate your providing the Committee with written responses to the
!':-:closed with this letter. We would appreciate receiving your
written responses by September 15, 1977. Please submit five copies of your
written responses to the Committee staff fn Room 233 of the Russell Senate
Office Building. If you have any questions or any further clarification of
these questions, please do not hesitate to contact Sharon Nelson at 224-0411
or Alan Hoffman at 224-9351. Should the discussion of any of these ques-
tions raise security problems. please contact Mr. Hoffman, who has a top-
secret clearance.
Thank you fn advance for taking the respond to these questions

U\REN G
Chairman
:- ;'-sN:ks
- Enclosure
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6. Project Pandora was terminated by DARPA in March 1970 and
all assets were transferred to Walter Reed Army Institute for
Research {WR.AIR) for disposition. Since that time, there has
been no DARPA interest in the work being carried on at WR.AIR
and consequently we would have no knowledge as to the project
currently being undertaken, or that the facilities were being re-
built, the reasons for rebuilding and the cost.
7. With the e::R:ception of Project Pandora, this agency has not
sponsored any research projects, either classified or unclassified,
on the biological or behavioral effects of non-ionizing radiation.
8. As stated earlier, classification of Project Pandora was a
foreign relation rather than a national security matter. While it
is likely that the technical aspect of such research efforts would
be unclassified, the determination of a security classification
must consider the potential application of the research and its
effect on our national security.
9. This agency is not aware of any research projects, classified
or unclassified, conducted under the auspices of the Defense
Department, now on-going or in the past, which would have
probed possibilities of utilizing microwave radiation as a form
of what is popularly known as "mind control.
11
10. We do not foresee the development, by DARPA, of weapons
using microwaves and actively bein& directed toward altering
nervous system function or behavioor. Neither are we aware of
any of our own forces or possible adversary forces developing
such weapons.
11. Although this agency is not presently involved in developing
any directed energy microwave weapons, we do know that the
United States, in the past, has conducted research and e::R:ploratory
development on the generation of high power microwave radiation
.and its effect on electronic components.
12. This agency has no evidence that Eastern Block research
on microwaves h being actively directed toward altering nervous
system functions from a weapons point of view.
incerely,
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1. lihat -.ere the reasons for classifying the research project tnown as
*Project Pandora?
2. Vhat was the cost of Project Pandora? What wre the costs of the
Walter Reed facilities and of the research projects undertaken
the facility?
3. What has happened to raw data amassed during Project Pandora?
4. In testimony before this Corrmfttee from the Department of
Defense were unable to tell us whether or not the relevant data from
Project Pandora has been destroyed or whether or not it still exists.
1f the data st111 exists, is it still classified? If the data does not
exist, what happened to it?

5. The witnesses testifying at the hearing tentatively guessed that the
data -.ere destroyed. If the data were destroyed. what -.ere the reasons
for its destruction? How often are documents containing data such as
those involved 1n Project Pandora routinely destroyed? Please describe
frocedures for such routine destruction.
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?lease provide the COmmittee description of the project currently
being undertaken at the Walter Reed facilities which were originally. built
for Project Pandora. Dr. Herbert Pollack, in h1s testimony before the Com-
ll!fttee. stated that the Walter Reed facilities were currently being rebuilt.
fiiiY are these facilities being rebuilt? At what cost?
7. Are there ni}W, or have there ever been, research projects on the bio-
logical or behavioral effects of non-ionizing radiation, such as Project
Pandora, which have been classified?
!>oes agency see the need for such research ever again to be clas-
sified?
9. Are there now, or have there ever been, research projects classified or ,{
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unclassified conducted under the auspices of the Department of Defense
whfch would have probed possibilities of utflfzfngmfcrowave radiation as
a fonn of what is popularly known as "mind control?
10. Several of the witnessse alluded to novel utilization of the spectrum".
t1o you foresee the (levelopment, either by our own forces or by adversary

.. -.: forces, of weapons using microwaves and actively being directed toward al-
terfng nervous system function or behavior?
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11. Is the On1ted States involved in developing any directed energy micro-
wave weapons?
.
12. Is there any evidence that Eastern Block research on microwaves is
being actively directed toward altering nervous system functions from a
weapons point of view?
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