Chap. III.

SPECIFICATIONS. 763
22853. Carpenter and Joiner.
For oiler floors.
Wall pLites, G inches by -i inches
;
girders
;
jois^t.s according to the
kind of floor; trimmers and trimming joists ; all which, with their requisite
senntlings, will be found in Practical Carpentry. (2013 ct scq.)
Cradling to the girders and such piris as mny be necessary to form panels and coffers
on the under side for the ceiling, if such "be practised. State if the girders are
to be trussed. Cock down all girders on the wall plates. Pin bridging joists to
binders with jj-inch ak piins.
Wall plates to roofs should be at least 6 inches by 6 inches. The different timbers
of the several sorts of roofs are described in Practical Carpentry, and scantlings
given. (2027,
ef scq.) Ceiling joists to be described. Hips and ridges rounded
for lead ought to be 10 inches by 2 inches.
The trusses
of
roofs are to be framed as shown, and of timbers of the scantlings re-
spectively figured (or as here specified). They are to be mortised, tenoned, arched,
notched, moulded, chamfered, and stopped, as sliown on the detail drawings
;
and
to be bolted and strapped with wrought iron straps, forged with ornamental ends
;
all bolts to have washers and nuts, notched as shown.
The curved ribs (if any) to be put together in (three) thicknesses, so as to break joint,
to be wrought all over, and the joints to be tongued. These (three) thicknesses
are to be screwed close together with long screws, and bolted with i-inch bolts be-
tween each joint. The centre thickness to be tenoned into the timbers on which
it abuts. Tongue a bold 3-inch bead to underside of same.
The hammer-beams (if any) are to be cogged down upon the wall plates, and framed
to the ribs, and bolted, as shown. The principals are lo be notched and tenoned
to the hammer-beams, and well spiked to ribs, and tenoned together and pinned
at top. The collars (if any) are to be firmly tenoned into and spiked to principals.
The purlins are to be notched down and housed into the principals on each side,
and spiked. The king-post, or queen-posts, are to be framed in tlie usual manner.
All the timbers of the roofs exposed to view are to be wrought, and the angles
moulded, or chamfered, or stop chamfered.
All roofs (if exposed to view) to be boarded above the rafters with |-inch wrought
matched
V
jointed boarding, laid diagonally, and securely nailed to rafters and
covered with (asphalted) felt (or specify, to lath on the top of rafters and plaster
between the same). Lay battens 3 inches by 1 inch over the boarding or laths, on
the back of every rafter, and on the battens lay 3 inch by 1 inch slating battens
(or double oak tiling laths if the roof be tiled), fixed to a proper gauge for the
sized slates required.
Where close boarding is used, it should not be less than
^
to an inch thick. If battens
for slating, they should be 2Hncheswide; the first should be nailed with eightpenny
nails. Provide Icar boards. On many accounts the Italian method of laying the
rafters horizontally as so many purlins is to be preferred. For the boarding not
lying lengthwise towards the gable, any wet that may find its way on to it from
defective slates or lead, is not apt to ledge against and rot the edges.
Flats.^a,\\ plates usually 6 by 6. Trimmers and trimming joists against chimneys,
and where skylights occur. U-inch yellow deal boarding, listed, free from sap-
wood, laid with a current of
U
inch to 10 feet lineal, -with
2\
drips to heading
joints, of lead rolls to longitudinal joints, and inch yellow deal risers not less than
4 inches wide next the gutter.
Guitirs to the roof, or roofs, are to be as shown on the plan, with inch yellow deal
bottoms on strong fir bearers, and laid with a current of
1^
inches to every 10
feet; 2^
rebated drips, and at the sides to have |-inch deal lear boards, 9 inches wide.
Gutter boards are rarely more than 1^ inches thick. Gutter platis. if any, to be
described, but they should never be used without support from below.
Trim for trap doors, size as shown, if any, leading to the inside of the roof
Dormers thereto on to roof, with all necessary framing.
Cheeks, doors, beaded stops and linings, and ironmongery. Boarding for slating or
lead to top and cheeks, as the case may be.
Dormers may be similarly described for windows in the roof.
^((;-('crec^_pari'ii;/o?z5, where shown on the plan, with heads and sills 4 inches by 4
inches. Ties above the doors 4 inches by 5 inches. Posts 4 inches by ?>\ inches.
Braces or struts 3 inches square. Quarters 4 inches by 2 inches, and three tiers
of interties, 1 inch by
2|
inches. In cases where partitions are to be trussed for
carrying either their own or some additional weight, reference must be made to
drawings.
,Ba<^cwm^ to external walls, usually from
J
inch to
1^ inch thick; their widths
2^
inches, fixed from 7 to 12 inches apart. If bond timber is not used to nail them
to, plugs, or fixings, to bo Itt into the wall.