MS Registration Procedure

Serial No Action Taken Signal Path

1 MS requests a channel MS BTS BSC
2 Channel Activation response BSC BTS
3 Acknowledgement for activation BTS BSC
4 Assignment of channel BSC BTS MS
5 Location Update Request MS BTS BSC MSC
6 Request for authentication MSC BSC BTS MS
7 MS Authenticates MS BTS BSC MSC
8 Verification of Authentication MSC VLR
9 Assigns TMSI MSC BSC BTS MS
10 TMSI Acknowledgement MS BTS BSC MSC
11 Update of VLR / HLR MSC VLR HLR
12 Channel Release BSC BTS MS



Near Far Effect

Using spread spectrum has a disadvantage in that the near-far effect becomes predominant. The near far problem
originates from a wide range of signal levels received at the cell site from different mobile users located very close
or far wary from it within the service area of the cell. In order to prevent the signal from one mobile user overtaking
that of another mobile user, strict power control at the mobile transmitter end need to be implemented.

Consider a cellular system in which two mobile users are communicating with a BS. If it is assumed that the
transmission power of eac MU to be same, received signal levels at the BS from the MU
1
and MU
2
are quite
different due to the difference in the propagation signal path lengths. If d
1
< d
2
then the received signal strength from
MU
1
will be much larger than the received signal level from MU
2
at the base station.

Now assume that the MUs are using adjacent channels. Out of band radiation of the signal from MU
1
interferes with
the signal from MU
2
in the adjacent channel This effect is called adjacent channel interference which become
serious when the difference in the received signal strength is large. For this reason the out band radiation must be
kept small. The tolerable relative adjacent channel interference level can be difference depending on the system
characteristics.





















Comparison of CDMA and GSM

Sl. No. Parameter CDMA (IS-95) GSM
1. Allocated spectrum band 800 MHz; 1900 MHz 900 MHz; 1800 MHz (DCS 1800);
1900 MHz (PCS 1900)
2 Multiple access technique CDMA TDMA
3 RF and channel bandwidth 12 MHz with 1.25 MHz per
carrier channel from Spread
Spectrum.
25 MHz with 200 kHz per carrier
channel, 8 time slots per channel
with frequency hopping
4 Modulation scheme QPSK with DSSS GMSK
5 Multipath propagation Utilizes as an advantage with rake
receivers
Causes fading and interference
which degrade performance
6 Use of SIM card at MS NO YES
7 Data bit rate 9.6 or 14.4 kbps 9.6 kbps
8 Voice codec rate 8 or 13 kbps 13 kbps
9 SMS feature Upto 120 characters Upto 160 characters
10 MS power transmission 2 mW to 200 mW 125 mW to 2 W
11 Handoff mechanism Soft hand-off Hard hand-off
12 System Capacity Flexible and better than GSM Fixed and limited
13 Network Planning PN Code planning Frequency planning with reuse
concept