A-1

Appendix A
Previous Exams

CHE31301 MASS TRANSFER Spring 2011
QUIZ #1

I. A vertical pipe (25-mm ID), 2 m long, and closed at the bottom contains a 25-cm-deep layer of
water at the bottom. The temperature and pressure of the surrounding gas (pure nitrogen) are
21
o
C and 760 mm Hg respectively. The vapor pressure of water at 21
o
C is 19 mm Hg. The
nitrogen in contact with the open end of the pipe is dry.

1. The mass fraction of water vapor at the water surface is 0.016216


2. A. The mole fraction of water vapor at 1.0 m from the open end is independent of time.
B. The mole fraction of water vapor at the gas-liquid interface is independent of time.

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

3. A. If the surrounding nitrogen is saturated with water vapor, there will be no (net)
evaporation.
B. It will take longer time for the water level to drop if the diameter is 50-mm ID,
everything else remains the same.

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

4. A. The molar average velocity is constant within the pipe.
B. v
A
(A = water vapor) is constant within the pipe.

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

5. If the mole fraction of H
2
O is 0.1 then the mass fraction of H
2
O is 0.066667




A-2
II. Pulverized coal pellets, which may be approximated as carbon spheres of radius r
o
= 1 mm,
are burned in a air (21% O
2
) at 1500

K and 1 atm. Oxygen is transferred to the particle surface by
diffusion, where it is consumed in the reaction C + O
2
CO
2
. The diffusivity D
A
for O
2
is
1.810
-4
m
2
/s. Assuming the surface reaction rate to be infinite and neglecting change in r
o
,
a) (5 pts) Determine the steady-state O
2
molar consumption rate in kmol/s. (Show all
your work) Gas constant R
g
= 0.08206 m
3
atm/(kmolK)

3.8610-9 kmol/s



II. Pulverized coal pellets, which may be approximated as carbon spheres of radius r
o
= 1 mm,
are burned in a air (21% O
2
) at 1500
o
K and 1 atm. Oxygen is transferred to the particle surface
by diffusion, where it is consumed in the reaction C + O
2
CO
2
. The diffusivity D
A
for O
2
is
1.810
-4
m
2
/s. Assuming the surface reaction rate to be infinite and neglecting change in r
o
,
b) (5 pts) Determine the mole fraction of O
2
at r = 3 mm. (Show all your work)


0.14






A-3
CHE31301 MASS TRANSFER Spring 2011
QUIZ #2
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.
I. A biofilm consists of living cells immobilized in a gelatinous matrix. A toxic organic solute
(species A) diffuses into the biofilm and is degraded to harmless products by the cells within the
biofilm. We want to treat 0.2 m
3
per hour of wastewater containing 0.14 mole/m
3
of the toxic
substance phenol using a system consisting of biofilms on rotating disk as shown below.
Waste water
feed stream
Treated
waste water
biofilm
Well-mixed contactor
biofilm
z=0
C (z)
A
C
A0
C
A0
Inert
solid
surface


Determine the required surface area of the biofilm with 1 mm thickness to reduce the phenol
concentration in the outlet stream to 0.025 mole/m
3
. The rate of disappearance of phenol (species
A) within the biofilm is described by the following equation

r
A
= k
1
c
A
where k
1
= 0.0024 s
-1


The diffusivity of phenol in the biofilm at the process temperature of 25
o
C is 2.010
-10
m
2
/s.
Phenol is equally soluble in both water and the biofilm.

1) Determine the rate of phenol processed by the biofilms in mol/h: 0.0230 mol/h





2) The concentration of A in the biofilm is give by c
A
= B
1
sinh(mz) + B
2
cosh(mz), the numerical
value of m is
3,464.1 m-1



A-4
For questions (3) and (4) use m = 3 mm
-1
, determine the numerical values with units for

3) B
2
= 0.024876 mole/m3 4) B
1
= 0.025 mole/m3


For the next question use c
A
= 0.025
( )
( )
cosh 3.5( )
cosh 3.5
z o
o

where z is in mm and c
A
is in mole/m
3


5) Determine the molar flux of A at z = 0 1.7510
-8
mol/m
2
s


6) Determine the molar flux of A at z = 0.5 mm 2.9510
-9
mol/m
2
s



II. In a hot combustion chamber, oxygen diffuses through a stagnant film of air with thickness L
to the carbon surface where it reacts to make CO and CO
2
. The mole fraction of oxygen just
outside the stagnant film (z = 0) is 0.21. The reaction may be assumed to be instantaneous. No
reaction occurs in the gas film. The chamber is at 1 atm, 1000

K, and L = 10 cm. The diffusivity
of oxygen at these conditions is 0.35 cm
2
/sec. The following reaction occurs at the carbon
surface:

4C + 3O
2
2CO + 2CO
2


(7) Determine the molar flux of oxygen in mol/scm
2
8.6610
-8
mol/cm
2
s

(8) Determine the mole fraction of oxygen at z = 4 cm 0.12429

A-5
III.






Oxygen transport is of critical importance in the design of bioartificial organs. In one type of
device, therapeutic cells such as the islets of Langerhans for the treatment of diabetes, are
contained within a spherical membrane shown in Figure III. Let R be the distance from the
center of the organ to the inside surface of the membrane, I
met
be the tissue metabolic volumetric
oxygen consumption rate (I
met
is a constant, which is the rate of oxygen consumption per unit
tissue volume), D
e
be the diffusivity of oxygen within the tissue space, and c be the void fraction
within the tissue space. The concentration of oxygen at the inside surface of the membrane is
C
A0
.

9) The oxygen concentration, C
A
, within the tissue space can be obtained by solving the
following differential equation
Ans: _________

A)
|
.
|

\
|
dr
dC
r
dr
d
r
D
A e 2
2
= I
met
B)
|
.
|

\
|
dr
dC
r
dr
d
r
D
A e 2
2
= I
met
c

C)
|
.
|

\
|
dr
dC
r
dr
d
r
D
A e 2
2
= I
met
(1 c) (ANS.) D) None of the above.




10) The two boundary conditions required to solve the above equation are:



r = R, C
A
= C
A0
r = 0,
A
dC
dr
= 0


membrane
Figure III. Conceptual model for a bioartificial organ.
A-6
CHE31301 MASS TRANSFER Spring 2011
QUIZ #3
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.
I. XI.
biofilm solid
solution


1) If the mass transfer resistance in the solution is negligible and the concentration of A in the
biofilm is related to the concentration of A in the solution (C
A
) by the equilibrium relation C
A
=
0.4 C
A
, determine C
A

C
A
= 1.0 mol/liter


2) If the surface area of the biofilm is A
s
, the rate of substrate consumption within the biofilm is
given by

A) k
1
C
A
A
s
L B) C
Ao
mA
s
D
A
tanh(mL) (ANS.)

C) k
1
C
Ao
A
s
L D) None of the above.

II. Consider a spherical organism of radius R within which respiration occurs at a uniform
volumetric rate of r
A
= k
1
C
A
. That is, oxygen (species A) consumption is governed by a first-
order, homogeneous chemical reaction. A molar concentration of C
A
(R) = C
A,0
is maintained at
the surface of the organism, and an expression for the radial distribution of oxygen, C
A
(r), within
the organism is given by

C
A
(r) = C
A,0
r
R
) sinh(
) sinh(
R
r
o
o


Data: R = 0.16 mm, diffusion coefficient for oxygen transfer D
AB
= 10
-8
m
2
/s, C
A,0
= 610
-5

kmol/m
3
, and k
1
= 30 s
-1
.

3) The numerical value of o is
5.4810
4
m
-1


4) If o = 510
4
m
-1
, the concentration of oxygen at the center of the organism is 3.2210
-7

kmol/m
3



The concentration of A within the biofilm is given by

C
A
= C
Ao
) cosh(
)] ( cosh[
mL
z L m
, where m
2
=
A
D
k
1

k
1
= first order rate constant = 1.5x10
-4
/s
D
A
= diffusivity of A in the biofilm = 1.26x10
-5
cm
2
/s
L = biofilm thickness = 0.2 cm
z = distance from the outer (solution) surface of the biofilm
C
Ao
= 0.4 mol/liter
A-7
5) If o = 5.010
4
m
-1
, molar flux of A at r = R is 2.6210
-8
kmol/m
2



6) If o = 5.010
4
m
-1
, molar flux of A at r = 0 is _____0_____

III. A solute diffuses through a membrane that separates two compartments A and B that have
different initial concentrations. The solute concentrations in the two compartments as a function
of time, C
A
and C
B
are shown in Figure III-1. The volumes of the two compartments are V
A
and
V
B
.

(A) V
A
< V
B
(B) Solute diffuses from compartment B to A.

a. A and B are true b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false
0
5
10
C
A
C
B
t

Figure III-1. Concentration of solute as a function of time in compartments A and B.



IV. Pulverized coal, which may be approximated as carbon spheres of radius R = 1 mm, is
burned in a pure oxygen atmosphere at conditions such that carbon monoxide is produced.
Oxygen is transferred to the particle surface by diffusion, where it is consumed in the reaction

C +
2
1
O
2
CO

Let N
A
be the molar flux of O
2
and N
B
be the molar flux of CO,

we have

a) N
A
= 2N
B
b) N
A
= 2N
B
c) N
A
= 0.5N
B
(ANS)

d) N
A
= N
B



A-8
IV. The drug patch shown in the figure below releases a water-soluble epidermal growth factor
(species A) to repair a specific region of wounded tissue on the human body. A slow release of
the drug is critical for regulating the rate of tissue repair. The drug layer (pure solute A) rests on
top of a diffusion barrier. The diffusion barrier is essentially a micro-porous polymer material
consisting of tiny parallel pores filled with liquid water (species B). The diffusion barrier
controls the rate of drug release. The thickness (L), pore size (d
pore
), and porosity of the diffusion
layer determine the dosage rate of the drug to the tissue directly beneath it. The maximum
solubility of the drug in water is 1 mole/m
3
at 25
o
C. The total surface area of the patch is 4 cm
2
,
but the cross-sectional area of the pores constitute only 35% of the surface area for flux. The
effective diffusion coefficient of the drug in the diffusion barrier is 1.810
-11
m
2
/s.
L
Drug patch
Impermeable
barrier
Skin surface Infected body tissue
(sink for drug)
Drug reservoir
Diffusion barrier
(water-filled micropores)

(9) If the thickness of the diffusion barrier (L) is 5 mm, determine the dosage rate in mole per
second, assuming that the drug is instantaneously consumed once it exits the diffusion barrier
and enter the body tissue.
____________
W
A
= 5.0410
-13
mol/s





(10) The diffusion coefficient of the drug in water is 1.4010
-10
m
2
/s at 25
o
C. However, the
human body is actually at 37
o
C, what is the drug diffusivity in water if the temperature is
increased to 37
o
C? Variation of the drug diffusivity can be predicted by the Stoke Einstein
equation
D =
A
aN
RT
t 6
____________
Data: Viscosity of water at 25
o
C is 0.9078 cP, viscosity of water at 37
o
C is 0.7074 cP.




D = 1.86910
-10
m
2
/s

A-9
CHE31301 MASS TRANSFER Spring 2011
QUIZ #4
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I. Consider the transport of glucose from capillary blood to exercising muscle tissue. As a basis
consider 1 gram of tissue. The glucose consumption of the tissue is 0.015 mol/gs. Blood flow
to the region is 0.01 cm
3
/gs. The arterial glucose concentration is 5 mol/cm
3
. The value of P
m
S
based on capillary recruitment during exercise is 0.004 cm
3
/ gs. Using the CSTR model
calculate:

1) the glucose concentration in the tissue space 1.5 mol/cm
3



2) the glucose concentration in the exit blood. 3.5 mol/cm
3



II. In a hot combustion chamber, oxygen diffuses through a stagnant film of air with thickness L
to the carbon surface where it reacts to make CO and CO
2
. The mole fraction of oxygen at z = L
is 0.21. The reaction may be assumed to be instantaneous. No reaction occurs in the gas film.
The chamber is at 1.5 atm, 1000
o
K, and L = 0.1 m. The diffusivity of oxygen at these conditions
is 0.35 cm
2
/sec. The following reaction occurs at the carbon surface (Gas constant = 0.08205
atmm
3
/kmol
o
K):

4C + 3O
2
2CO + 2CO
2


(3) a) N
O2
=
2
3
N
CO2
b) N
O2
= 1.5 N
CO2
c) N
O2
=
2
3
N
CO2
d) None of the above

III. A mixture contains 35 mole % isobutane and 65 mole % isopentane is at 30 psia. The K
values for these compounds can be obtained from
ln K = A/T
2
+ B + C ln P where T is in
o
R and P is in psia
Compound A B C
Isobutane -1,166,846 7.72668 -.92213
Isopentane -1,481,583 7.58071 -.93159

4) The vapor mole fraction of isobutane at the bubble point of 542.3
o
R is 0.6524


5) The liquid mole fraction of isobutane at the dew point of 562.11
o
R is 0.1427


IV. (6) The flux of oxygen across a 75-mil-thick polypropylene film at 30
o
C is 3510
-9
mol/m
2.
s
per atmosphere of oxygen partial pressure difference. Determine the flux of oxygen across a 30-
mil-thick film where the left side is open to air at 1 atm with 21 mol % oxygen and the right side
is in vacuum with no oxygen.

18.37510
-9
mol/m
2.
s

A-10

V. In an experimental study of the absorption of ammonia by water in a wetted-wall column, the
value of K
G
was found to be 2.7510
-6
kmol/m
2
skPa. At one point in the column, the
composition of the gas and liquid phases were 8.0 and 0.115 mole % NH
3
, respectively. The
temperature was 300 K and the total pressure was 1 atm. Eighty percent of the total resistance to
mass transfer was found to be in the gas phase. At 300 K, ammonia-water solution follow
Henrys law up to 5 mole % ammonia in the liquid, with m = 1.64 when the total pressure is 1
atm or 101.3 kPa.

7) Determine k
y
3.4810
-4
kmol/m
2
s



8) Determine the ammonia absorption rate in kmol/m
2
s 2.1810
-5
kmol/m
2
s



VI.) (9&10) Consider a glass tube with length L = 2 m where the end plates and fittings of the tube
impermeable to hydrogen. The molar solubility ratio S of H
2
(species A) in glass is 0.2 (mol/cm
3
) H
2
in
glass/(mol/cm
3
) H
2
in gas. The inside and outside radius of the tube are r
i
and r
o
, respectively. D
AB
is the
diffusivity of hydrogen in glass. c
gi
and c
go
are the molar concentrations of H
2
inside and outside the
tube, respectively. (Gas constant = 82.06 atmcm
3
/molK). The diffusivity of H
2
in glass at 300

K, is
0.410
-8
cm
2
/s. The hydrogen pressure inside the tube is 2 atm at 300 K and the partial pressure outside
the tube is zero. If r
i
= 1 cm and r
o

= 1.5 cm, determine the hydrogen leak rate in gmol/s. Show all your
work!


Sc
gi
= 1.6210
-5
mol/cm
3


W
A
= 2.008310
-10
mol/s



A-11
CHE31301 MASS TRANSFER Spring 2011
QUIZ #5
Note: Your answers must be correct to 3 significant figures and have the appropriate units.

I. Nitric
oxide (NO) emissions from automobile exhaust can be reduced by using a catalytic
converter, and at the catalytic surface: NO + CO 0.5 N
2
+ CO
2

The concentration of NO is reduced by passing the exhaust gases over the surface, and the rate of
reduction at the catalyst is governed by a first order reaction of the form

r"
A
(kmol/m2s) = k
1
CA where k
1
= 0.08 m/s and A denotes NO

z=0 y
A0
z=L
Catalytic surface
Exhaust gas at T and P


As a first order approximation it may be assume that NO reaches the surface by one-dimensional
diffusion through a thin gas film of thickness L that adjoins the surface. Consider a situation for
which the exhaust gas is at 750oK and 1.2 bars and the mole fraction of NO is y
A0
= 0.25 if
D
A,mix
= 10-4 m2/s and the film thickness is L = 1 mm.

(1) The molar flux of A (NO) can be obtained by integrating the following expression

(A) N
A
=
(1 0.5 )
AB
A
cD
y
A
dy
dz
(Ans.) (B) N
A
=
(1 0.5 )
AB
A
cD
y +
A
dy
dz


(C) N
A
= cD
AB
A
dy
dz
(D) None of the above


(2) If the molar of A is given by N
A
= cD
AB
(
y
A0

y
AL
)/L determine
y
AL

0.139



II) A distillation column with 100 kmol/h feed of 60% A and 40% B produces a distillate
product with x
D
= 0.95 and a bottom stream with x
bot
= 0.04 of the more volatile species A. CMO
is valid and the equilibrium data is given by y =
2.5
1 1.5
x
x +


3) For total reflux, determine (numerically) the composition (y) of the vapor stream entering the
second equilibrium plate from the top.
0.7525


A-12
4) For a reflux ratio of 2, and q = 0.5, determine the liquid composition (x) of the feed point (the
intersection of the q-line and the operating lines).
x = 0.53

III. A mixture contains 35 mole % isobutane and 65 mole % isopentane is at 30 psia. The K
values for these compounds can be obtained from
ln K = A/T
2
+ B + C ln P where T is in
o
R and P is in psia
Compound A B C
Isobutane -1,166,846 7.72668 -.92213
Isopentane -1,481,583 7.58071 -.93159

5) The mixture is flash at 552.1
o
R, 30 psia where V/F = 0.4,
then the mole fraction of isobutane (iC4) in the liquid phase is 0.2402



A-13
IV) Consider a distillation column with the McCabe-Thiele diagram given in Figure Q4-III. The
column has a total condenser and a partial reboiler. Note: the points A, C, E, a, c, and e are on
the equilibrium curve and the points B, D, F, b, d, and f are on the operating lines.


Figure Q4-III McCabe-Thiele diagram for binary distillation.

6) A) The x coordinate of point D gives the mole fraction of the volatile species in the liquid
stream entering equilibrium tray 4 from the top (with the top tray as tray 1).
B) The y coordinate of point C gives the mole fraction of the volatile species in the vapor
stream entering equilibrium tray 3 from the top.

a. A and B are true. b. Only A is true (A) c. Only B is true d. A and B are false


7) A) The y coordinate of point d gives the mole fraction of the volatile species in the vapor
stream entering equilibrium tray N-2 (with the bottom tray before the reboiler as tray N).
B) The x coordinate of point d gives the mole fraction of the volatile species in the liquid
stream leaving tray N-2.

a. A and B are true (A). b. Only A is true c. Only B is true d. A and B are false

8) A) The feed is introduced into tray 6 from the top.
B) The feed is introduced at the optimum location in the column.
a. A and B are true. b. Only A is true c. Only B is true (A) d. A and B are false

A-14
F
B, x
B
V, y
D
S (Steam)
x
F
L
x
V
y
V) A liquid feed at the boiling point contains 5 mol %
of species A and 95 mol % water and enters the top tray
of a stripping tower shown in Figure Q4-V. Saturated
steam is injected directly into liquid in the bottom of the
tower. The overhead vapor which is withdrawn
contains 98% of A in the feed. Assume equimolar
overflow for this problem. Equilibrium data for mole
fraction of A is given by y = 10x for x s 0.08.

(9) For an infinite number of theoretical steps,
calculate the minimum moles of steam needed per
mole of feed.
Figure Q4-V Stripping tower

Minimum 0.098 mol steam/mol feed


(10) Using 15 moles of steam per 100 moles of feed, calculate the mole fraction of A in the
vapor
0.3267