ENGINE FUEL OIL SYSTEM

I.- INTRODUCTION
All diesel engines require a method to store and deliver fuel to the engine. Because
diesel engines rely on injectors which are precision components with extremely tight
tolerances and very small injection hole(s), the fuel delivered to the engine must be
extremely clean and free of contaminants.

II.-
1.-SYSTEM DEFINITION
The fuel oil system for a diesel engine can be considered in two partsthe fuel supply
and the fuel injection systems. Fuel supply deals with the provision of fuel oil suitable
for use by the injection system.
A slow-speed two-stroke diesel is usually arranged to operate continuously on heavy
fuel and have available a diesel oil supply for maneuvering conditions.
The fuel system of a diesel engine's mission is to deliver the right amount of clean fuel
in due time in the combustion chamber of the engine.
It is responsible for supplying the fuel for engine operation.
This system supplies fuel to the engine. The fuel is pumped from the fuel tank by the
fuel pump passes through the pressure line of high pressure pipe and is filtered in the
fuel filter. This is then distributed to the injector through the delivery pipe. The
injectors inject fuel into the intake manifold.
2.- SYSTEM PURPOSES/CHARACTERISTICS
El propsito es almacenar el combustible y entregar una cantidad precisa, limpia y a la presin
correcta, para satisfacer las exigencias del motor. Un sistema en buenas condiciones y bien
proyectado, asegura un flujo abundante y efectivo de combustible en todas las fases de
navegacin, que incluyen un cambio de velocidad, maniobras violentas y repentinas, las
aceleraciones y desaceleraciones; adems, el sistema debe estar razonablemente libre de la
tendencia de obstruccin de vapor que pueda resultar por cambios de las condiciones
climticas.
Las lneas de combustible debern tener un tamao adecuado para llevar un mximo de flujo de
combustible requerido bajo todas las condiciones de operaciones del motor, y no debern tener
dobladuras muy ceidas o subidas rpidas, las cuales tendrn a producir acumulacin de vapores y el
sub.-siguiente bloqueo de vapores en las lneas.
The purpose is to store the fuel and deliver a precise amount, clean and at the correct pressure to meet
the demands of the engine. A system in good condition and well designed, ensures an abundant cash
flow and fuel in all phases of navigation, including a changeup, violent and sudden maneuvers,
accelerations and decelerations; addition, the system must be reasonably free from the tendency of
obstruction of vapor that can result from changes in climatic conditions.
Fuel lines must be sized to carry a maximum flow of fuel required under all operating conditions of the
engine, and must not be too tight bends or rapid rises, which will produce accumulation of vapors and
sub. -next vapor lock in the lines.

3.- y 4.- FAILURES IN THE SYSTEM and SOLUTION
FUEL PUMP FAILUER
Both mechanical and electric fuel pumps can fail if the pump chamber is
compromised from wear and tear, preventing it from generating sufficient
pressure. Electric fuel pumps are more complex than their mechanical
counterparts, meaning there are more things that can go wrong with it. Since
they are relatively simple components, it is far easier for a fuel pump to be
replaced than to try to fix a faulty one

CLOGGED FUEL FILTER
Between the fuel pump and fuel injectors there is a fuel filter, which
decontaminants your vessel oil fuel of any particulate matter.

FUEL-INJECTION SYSTEM FAILURE
An electric fuel pump feeds a high-pressure stream of gas to nozzles, called fuel
injectors, that are controlled with a computer inside your ship. The most
common problem with fuel injection is clogged fuel injectors. This happens
because the nozzles are so fine and gunk clogs them up. The nozzles can be
replaced cheaply and easily. Sometimes the computer can malfunction, but this
is a very rare occurrence.


Faulty Alarms and Sensors:
This system is fitted with various sensors, which measure and transmit actual data
to alarm console. Due to factors such as vibration, high temperature, humidity, dust
etc. these sensors can malfunction leading to false alarms.
Solution: A routine checks needs to be performed on all engine room sensors and
alarms. Different main engine safety alarms and trips also to be tried out at regular
basis and faults to be attended immediately
Fuel Leakage/ Fuel Valve Malfunction:
. When there is a deviation in temperature of one unit, the fuel system, especially
the fuel valve needs to be checked. Overhauling and pressure testing of fuel valve
must be done as per PMS. If the engine is maneuvered in diesel oil, there are
chances of leakage from the pump seals. Also if the fuel treatment is improper and
the fuel temperature is not maintained, it can lead to cracks and leakages in high
pressure fuel pipe.
Solution: Any leakage in the main engine fuel oil system can be determined from
the high pressure leak off tank level and alarm.



III.- CONCLUSION OPINION
The fuel system must, therefore, not only deliver the fuel but also ensure its
cleanliness. This is usually accomplished through a series of in-line filters. Commonly,
the fuel will be filtered once outside the engine and then the fuel will pass through at
least one more filter internal to the engine, usually located in the fuel line at each fuel
injector. In a diesel engine, the fuel system is much more complex than the fuel system
on a simple gasoline engine because the fuel serves two purposes. one purpose is
obviously to supply the fuel to run the engine; the other purpose is to act as a coolant
to the injectors. To meet this second purpose, diesel fuel is kept continuously flowing
through the engine's fuel system at a flow rate much higher than required to supply
run the engine. The excess fuel is routed back to the fuel pump or the fuel storage tank
depending on the application.

IV.- MARITIME GLOSARY
INYECTORES
The nozzles are operated by a solenoid, when this is energized causes a valve to open and
then provides a conical fuel spray.
FUEL FILTERS
They are used to protect the fuel system against soiling, rust, fouling and water pollutants that
can clog or wear the injectors, resulting in poor performance and engine failure.
RAIL INJECTOR
It is mounted on the lower section of the intake manifold. Distributes fuel to the individual
injectors through cylinders. This compound injectors, pressure regulator and the left and right
rails.
FUEL PUMP
The fuel pump has an electric motor pump is allowed to operate with a stable pressure within
the fuel injection system. A power-driven rotor positive displacement pumps the desired fuel
quantity.
The pump is located inside the fuel tank or in part outside the chassis.
PRE FILTER
To protect the pump prefilter strain the fuel before it passes the durability of it then depends
on this device.



V.- BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCE
WWW.ATMOSFERIS.COM/SISTEMA DE ALIMENTACION
DE COMBUSTIBLE
http://marinenotes.blogspot.in/2012/10/fuel-system.html
http://www.ehow.com/list_6025135_fuel-system-failure-
causes.html
http://www.marineinsight.com/marine/marine-
news/headline/8-common-problems-2-stroke-marine-engines/
http://www.marinediesels.info/Basics/fuel_system.htm
http://sistemasdecombustiblecbtis160.blogspot.com/
http://www.machineryspaces.com/fuel-oil-system.html