Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP)

for Commercial Buildings

Acoustics in High Performance Buildings
Presented By:
Curt Eichelberger, P.E.
Sr. Staff Engineer, Acoustics & Vibration
Building Efficiency
J ohnson Controls
631 South Richland Avenue
York, PA 17403
curtis.eichelberger@jci.com
ASHRAE Winter Conference
Orlando, Florida
1/24/2010
ASHRAEisaRegisteredProviderwithTheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsContinuingEducation
Systems.CreditearnedoncompletionofthisprogramwillbereportedtoASHRAERecordsforAIA
members.CertificatesofCompletionfornonAIAmembersareavailableonrequest.
ThisprogramisregisteredwiththeAIA/ASHRAEforcontinuingprofessionaleducation.Assuch,it
doesnotincludecontentthatmaybedeemedorconstruedtobeanapprovalorendorsementby
theAIAofanymaterialofconstructionoranymethodormannerofhandling,using,distributing,
ordealinginanymaterialorproduct.Questionsrelatedtospecificmaterials,methods,and
serviceswillbeaddressedattheconclusionofthispresentation.
LearningObjectivesforSeminar#1
To understand acoustic measurement protocols for the operational
performance measurement of occupied commercial buildings.
How to take noise measurements in a room.
To understand how to benchmark the acoustic performance of green
buildings.
To communicate a basic understanding of the acoustical measurements
used in the three levels of the PMP.
How to use the Innovation in Design Credit process for application to
superior acoustic design and performance.
How standard architectural design currently performs relative to the
occupants perception of acoustic satisfaction in buildings.
3
Buildings in the US, Europe and most
developed economies are responsible for
over 40% of national energy use.
Focus on energy conservation has
created an intense interest in the design and
operation of high performancebuildings.
First voluntary USGBC LEED Green
Building Rating System launched 2000.
Background
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4
Many buildings which are claimed to be low energy, or high performance
have no evidence to support these claims.
Major credibility gap between design intent and the reality of everyday
operation of many of high-performance buildings.
Claims of high performance designs cannot be credible without standardized
protocols for the assessment of building performance.
Claims of better management of buildings, and hence reduced operating
costs, requires better measurements of their performance.
What is our Experience with High Performance Buildings ?
In summary: you cant manage what you cant measure.
In summary: you cant manage what you cant measure.
Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) for Commercial Buildings
5
Of all the interior environmental quality (IEQ) factors surveyed in over
300 buildings by the CBE , the factor with the greatest occupant
dissatisfaction is acoustic performance, which includes both noise and
speech privacy related issues.
We are compromising worker comfort and productivity for energy
efficiency.
What about the Acoustics Experience of High Performance Buildings ?
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6
In the spring of 2005 the USGBC approached ASHRAE to develop
performance measurement protocols for buildings.
ASHRAE responded with SP115 within Technology Council,
overseen by the Building Performance Metrics Steering Committee.
In August 2007, ASHRAE completed a survey of over 400
documents, with the help of expert interviews, to determine their
relevance to measurement protocols.
In February 2008, ASHRAE formed a committee of industry
experts to develop Performance Measurement Protocols (PMP)
document.
Today, a final draft of the PMP is with the ASHRAE Special
Publications editorial staff. It will likely be published in Feb. or March,
2010.
What is ASHRAEs Response to this Situation ?
Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) for Commercial Buildings
7
Cooperative effort between:
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers
U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE)
International focus, with experts and representation from many countries.
The purpose of the PMP is to provide standardized protocols for measuring
energy use, water use, and indoor environmental quality (IEQ: thermal comfort,
indoor air quality - IAQ, lighting, acoustics).
Scope restricted to the performance of occupied commercial buildings.
Target audience is building owners, operators and designers.
Later versions are likely to become an ASHRAE Guideline or Standard.
What is the Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) ?
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Six performance categories are covered:
Energy
Water
Thermal comfort
IAQ
Lighting
Acoustics
What should be measured ?
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For each category the following are provided:
What is to be measured
How it is to be measured
Where it is to be measured
How often it is to be measured
Benchmarks to evaluate the results
The measurement protocol include both subjective measures (e.g., occupant
surveys), and objective (physical) measures
What should be measured ?
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Each of the six measurement categories are developed at three levels, with a
hierarchy of low, medium and high cost and accuracy
Level 1 (Basic) protocols are simple, low cost, measures
Level 2 (Intermediate) provides further data on performance.
Level 3 (Advanced) offers a very detailed analysis & diagnostics.
A Three layered approach recognizes economic realities
Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) for Commercial Buildings
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Basic protocol Building owners and operators, facility managers,
architects and designers, and government officials.
All buildings should be expected to gather basic performance data.
Intermediate and Advanced protocol Facility or energy managers,
engineers, commissioning specialists, and building rating assessors.
For buildings where sustainability or high performance claims are made.
Where should we measure ?
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Acoustic performance requirements depend on the types of activities that
occupants engage in during their time spent in these spaces. Examples:
Open office plan
Private offices
Classrooms
Hospital examination rooms
Theaters
Hotel rooms
In most commercial buildings, the key issues relate to worker productivity and
confidentiality of sensitive information.
In hotels and motels, the key issues relate to sleeping conditions and inter-room
privacy.
IEQ Acoustics
Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) for Commercial Buildings
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Overview of Acoustic Measures and Concerns
Measures Comments Concerns
B
A
S
I
C
Annoyance
Study and work performance
Sleep and relaxation
Speech privacy and
Speech communication
A
D
V
A
N
C
E
D
I
N
T
E
R
M
E
D
I
A
T
E
Survey of the A-weighted sound
pressure level in the occupied spaces,
Leq i n dB(A)
Simple evaluation of background noise from
internal HVAC equipment and intruding
noise from outside HVAC equipment and
transportation noise sources, such as
highway traffic, rail vehicles and aircraft.
Annoyance
Study and work performance
Sleep and relaxation
Listening conditions
Privacy
Annoyance
Study and work performance
Listening conditions
Privacy
Speech privacy and communication
(AI, PI, SII, and STI)
For special purpose room uses such as
some open office plans, lecture halls,
classrooms, places of worship and
performing arts facilities.
Sound isolation
(NIC, IIC, D
nT ,w
and L'
nT ,w
).
Isolation from outside noise by the building
envelope, and sound/vibration isolation
between interior rooms.
Accurate assessment of the
background sound in occupied spaces,
L
eq
i n dB i n Octave Bands.
Comparison with single number ratings
such as NC, RC and NCB, based on a
more accurate analysis of the sound quality
by room use.
Reverberation time (T
60
) General assessment of speech
communication issues.
Table 1-1. Overview of the acoustic concerns and the methods of measuring the
acoustic performance in commercial buildings as a function of the use of the space.
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The Basic protocol is a simple survey to assess the acoustic annoyance that
would affect study and work performance, as well as sleep and relaxation.
an occupant survey to identify acoustical problems in the building
a survey of the A-weighted sound pressure level Leq in dB(A)
The Intermediate protocol is an accurate assessment of the background
noise and reverberation time in a room. The objective is to assess acoustic
annoyance that would affect study and work performance, as well as speech
communication and listening conditions.
the Advanced protocol is an accurate assessment of speech privacy and
sound isolation for special applications or designs that claim to meet high levels
of acoustic performance.
Overview of Three Levels of Performance Measures - Acoustics
Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) for Commercial Buildings
Performance Measurement Protocol (PMP) for Commercial Buildings 15
Questions?