Hypoglycemia Prevention Kit

David Deutsch
Jake Roby
Senior Design Lab, Fall 2011
Problem Statement: A good friend of ine !as recently diagnosed !ith diabetes, a
disease that affects soe 20 illion Aericans" Diabetes causes insulin, a cheical
#roduced naturally by the huan #ancreas, to becoe dysfunctional" $he #riary
function of insulin is to break do!n carbohydrates as #art of the digestive #rocess" %hen
diabetics consue carbohydrates and fail to in&ect theselves !ith synthetic insulin, their
blood sugar can rise to levels that far e'ceed the nor" (o!ever, this #rocess can also
!ork in reverse, resulting in dangerously lo! levels of bloods sugar" $he #roble is
e'#ounded if this ha##ens &ust before the diabetic goes to slee#" $his is !hat ha##ened to
y friend only a cou#le !eeks ago" Fortunately, he !as a!oken by his hy#oglyceic
sy#tos, and res#onded accordingly" $hough ost diabetics are indeed a!oken by
these sy#tos, soe fall victi to hy#oglyceic a!areness and die in their slee#" $his
accounts for soe si' #ercent of diabetes related deaths" $he goal of our #ro&ect is to
eliinate these deaths by interfacing a continuous glucose onitor !ith an alert syste
intended to a!aken the #otential victi as !ell as a secondary backu# source"
Goals: $hough the finger#rick glucoeter reains the ost #revalent instruent for
testing one)s blood sugar, a nuber of continuous glucose onitoring systes are
beginning to hit the arket" $hough the initial !ave of *+,s e#loy invasive
technology, several breakthroughs have recently occurred in the design of accurate and
cost-effective non-invasive *+,s" As it becoes both easy and #ainless to onitor one)s
blood sugar, our syste !ill becoe e'treely #ractical" %e intend to design a syste
that can collect data fro these *+,s, and use this data to #revent unnecessary deaths
fro hy#oglyceic una!areness"
Functions: .ur syste !ill analy/e the data easureents out#ut by a given *+, and
deterine if there is an iinent threat to the safety of the user" 0f a threat is #ositively
detected, our syste !ill trigger t!o audio alars, one intended to !ake the user and the
other to !ake a selected backu#" 0f these alars are not deactivated !ithin a given tie
frae, a de'trose solution connected to the user through an 01 !ill be released into the
user)s bloodstrea"
Features:
Syste !ill link !ith a continuous glucose onitor and analy/e the onitor)s
out#ut to deterine it the alar syste should be activated
$!o audio alars !ill be included
Alars !ill be triggered !irelessly !ith a transittance range of 100 ft
20 inutes of data easureents !ill be !irelessly out#ut to an L*D screen for
onitoring by a #arent or guardian
A user interface !ill be included so that a doctor or e'#ert can a##ro#riately
calibrate the syste
An o#tional 01 !ill release a de'trose solution into the user)s bloodstrea if the
alar syste is not deactivated !ithin an allotted tie
Benefits:
3arents can onitor the condition of slee#ing children fro a distance
3arents can slee# soundly kno!ing they !ill be alerted if there is an e'tree di#
in the their child)s blood sugar
$he risk of death fro hy#oglyceic una!areness for any user !ill be drastically
reduced
Block Diagram:
CGM Simulator an !ransmitter: $he current generation of continuous glucose
onitors consist of a sensor that sits inside of the interstitial fluid, and a transitter
attached to this sensor that is res#onsible for relaying glucose easureents to a onitor"
4ecause the #ur#ose of our #ro&ect is to analy/e the data recorded by the sensor rather
than design an accurate sensor itself, !e !ill siulate various data streas using a
co#uter and !irelessly transit this data to our icrocontroller using a L056 RF
transitter ca#able of transitting u# to 100 feet" $his !ill allo! us to test our syste in
a uch ore thorough anner, as !e !ill be able to siulate as any data sets as !e
like"
Microcontroller: $his !ill be the bread and butter of our #ro&ect" %e !ill use a
30*17F896A icrocontroller to analy/e incoing blood sugar data and deterine
!hether or not the alar should be triggered" $he chi# !ill be connected to both a L056
receiver and transitter" $he receiver !ill be res#onsible for relaying the data fro our
CGM Simulator
an
!ransmitter
Data
"naly#er
P$C
Microcontroller
%ser $nterface
&$'(
!ransmitter
&CD
Screen
"uio
"larm
De)trose
Drip
*+, siulator to the chi#)s eory, !hile the transitter !ill trigger the alar syste
if the controller detects an iinent threat" $he icrocontroller should be able to both
receive and transit inforation over a 100 foot range"
&CD Screen: 0t is desirable that blood sugar inforation be dis#layed on soe sort of
onitor, so that an ac:uaintance of the user such as a #arent can onitor the condition of
their child" $he screen should dis#lay blood sugar inforation fro the #revious forty
inutes in soe sort of gra#hical forat" 0n addition, the screen !ill be used as #art of
the user interface, so that the doctor or user calibrating the achine has soe sort of
visual feedback" $he screen !ill be directly attached to the icrocontroller, rather than
!irelessly connected"
%ser $nterface: $he user interface !ill consist si#ly of a keyboard that one can hook
u# to the icrocontroller" $he user interface !ill allo! a doctor to directly calibrate the
syste rather than rely on the standard settings" 0t !ill also allo! users to deactivate the
alar syste !hen it sounds" 0n#ut to the icrocontroller !ill be out#ut to the L*D
screen so that the doctor is #rovided soe visual feedback"
"uio "larm: $he alars theselves !ill consist of a L056 RF receiver that drives a
standard s#eaker !ith a s:uare or triangle !ave !hen the icrocontroller decides there is
a threat to the user" $he icrocontroller !ill begin transitting such a !ave function
!hen a threat has been deterined"
De)trose Drip: 0n the actual syste, the de'trose dri# !ould consist of an 01 that !ould
be connected to the user as they slee#" 0t !ould act as the last line of defense if the user or
guardian fails to deactivate the alar after a given aount of tie" 4ecause of #otential
discoforts caused by slee#ing !ith the 01, this !ould obviously be an o#tional feature"
%e !ill odel the de'trose dri# using an L;D that !ill light u# for a given aount of
tie, re#resenting the aount of tie the solution !ill be in&ected into the bloodstrea"
Performance *e+uirements: As #reviously stated, co#onents that are !irelessly
connected ust be able to transit or receive fro a source u# to a distance of 100 feet"
$he audio alars ust res#ond to a threat signal fro the icrocontroller !ithin three
seconds" Finally, the de'trose dri# <L;D= ust be activated !ithin ten inutes of the
alar sounding if it has yet to be deactivated, and ust reain on for one inute"
,erification:
$est 1: 4ecause our #ro&ect !ill rely so heavily u#on !ireless counication, our first
ob&ective !ill be to ake sure our transitters and receivers are o#erating a##ro#riately
over the 100 foot range" %e !ill detect the signal to noise ratio at the receiving end over a
nuber of distances to assure an intact signal can be received over the intended distance"
$est 2> $he ne't ste# is to assure that the icrocontroller is receiving the correct data
fro the *+, siulation transitter" %e !ill test this #rocess by having the transitter
out#ut a single data !ord to be stored in a s#ecific eory location in the
icrocontroller" %e !ill transit one hundred data !ords and record ho! any !ere
accurately received"
-or ./0 Matc1 .23 '0
Distance
S3'
$est ?: .nce it has been deterined that our controller is accurately reading in data, !e
!ill be able to begin testing our detection algorith" %e !ill co#ose @0 different data
sets to be read into the icrocontroller, 1@ of !hich should trigger the alar syste" %e
!ill !ire the threat signal in the icrocontroller to and L;D to deterine if the
a##ro#riate signal is being generated"
Data Set ./0 Correct !rigger .23'0
$est 2> 0f our detection algorith is res#onding a##ro#riately, !e can begin to test the
res#onse tie of the alar syste itself" 4ecause the res#onse !indo! is relatively large
<three seconds= !e can si#ly use a sto# !atch to deterine the tie la#se bet!een the
initial lighting of the L;D fro test ? and the ringing of the alars" %e !ill use the sae
@0 data sets fro test ? to assure that the alar only rings !hen there is a #ositive
detection, and that the alar rings !ithin the allotted res#onse tie"
Data Set ./0 *esponse !ime .sec0
$est @> Finally, !e can deterine if the L;D re#resenting activation of the de'trose dri#
lights u# after ten inutes of alar activation, and stays on for about si'ty seconds"
Again, these are fairly #rolonged aounts of tie, so !e can si#ly use a sto#!atch to
record the" $!enty #ositive data sets !ill be used for these tests"
Data Set ./0 *esponse !ime .sec0
'4!5: For testing and deo #ur#oses, !e intend to scale do!n tie by a factor of ten"
For instance, forty inutes of blood sugar inforation !ill be transitted to our
icrocontroller !ithin four inutes" Siilarly, our de'trose dri# L;D should res#ond
!ithin one inute and should only reain on for si' seconds" $he values discussed above
#ertain to the syste in a real life setting"
!olerance "nalysis:
$he entire functionality of our #ro&ect is based u#on !ireless counication bet!een the
subco#onents of our syste" 3erha#s the ost i#ortant signal is the one transitted
bet!een the icrocontroller and the receiver connected to the audio s#eakers" 0f this
signal is co#roised and the alar does not sound, the #ro#er functionality of the
reainder of the syste)s subco#onents is futile" Due to the nature of our syste, one
of the alars !ill ost likely be se#arated fro the signal)s source of one or several solid
barriers" %e !ill test the receiver by #ro#agating the source signal through u# to three dry
!alls over our a'iu s#ecified transission distance, and analy/e the content of the
received signal to deterine if our s#ecification is reliable"
Cost "nalysis
&abor>
A70Bhr C 2"@ C 1@0 hrs D A22,@00 #er #erson
Parts 5stimate Cost
L*D Screen A@0"00
Audio S#eakers A20"00
$otal A90"00
Schedule>
David Jake
EB12 Finish 3ro#osal Finish 3ro#osal
EB1E 4egin Design Revie! 4egin Design Revie!
EB27 DRBAnaly/er, L*D and
Fser 0nterface
DRB$ransitter, Receiver
and .rder 3arts
10B0? Asseble data sets for
transission and future
testing
Figure out 0B. of the
icrocontroller
10B10 3rogra Fser interface 3rogra L*D out#ut fro
user interface
10B19 Design algorith for
deterining alar
triggerB0ndividual 3rogress
Re#orts
4egin organi/ing and
soldering transitter and
receiverB0ndividual 3rogress
Re#orts
10B22 0#leent algorith for
deterining alar on 30*
0#leent algorith for
deterining alar on 30*
10B?1 3rogra the out#ut to the
L*D screenB#re#are ock
u# deo
Finishing soldering
transitter and
receiverB#re#are ock u#
deo
11B9 $est audio alar and L*D
out#ut
$est Fser 0nterface
11B12 0ntegrate Subco#onents 0ntegrate Subco#onents
11B21 $hanksgiving 4reak $hanksgiving 4reak
11B28 Deo Final 3ro&ect Deo Final 3ro&ect
12B0@ 3resentationBFinal 3a#er 3resentationBFinal 3a#er