1.

Problem statement

2. Discretisation with Nodes Numbers
Since the question mentioned that step size x must equal to y, or vice versa, and also must be
25 n 30, so we can only think of x=3mm, of y=3mm

Governing Equations & Boundary Conditions:
Boundary condition
T1 = T6 = T11 = T16 = T21 = T26 = 650
o
C
T5 = T10 = T15 = T20 = T25 = T30 = 150
o
C
Governing Equations

When i=1,j=0:

When i=2,j=0:

When i=3,j=0:

When i=1,j=1:

When i=2,j=1:

When i=3,j=1:

When i=1,j=2:

When i=2,j=2:

When i=3,j=2:

When i=1,j=3:

When i=2,j=3:

When i=3,j=3:

When i=1,j=4:

When i=2,j=4:

When i=3,j=4:

When i=1,j=5:

When i=2,j=5:

When i=3,j=5:

Hence, we can form the matrix by using the equation that we got.

3. Method A: Microsoft Excel
After the governing equations are formed and boundary conditions are applied into the
formula, a matrix, which is name as A, is formed by assembling all governing equation to
form a matrix equation. Next, those values which are at the right hand side of the equation
will be assembled into another matrix which is B.


A Matrix B Matrix

-4
1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0
1 -4 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 -4 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 -4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1 -4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 1 -4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 -4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 -4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 -4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 -4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 -4 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 -4 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 -4 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 -4 1 0 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 -4 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 -4 1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 -4 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 -4


=
-650
0
-150
-650
0
-150
-650
0
-150
-650
0
-150
-650
0
-150
-650
0
-150


T2
T3
T4
T7
T8
T9
T12
T13
T14
T17
T18
T19
T22
T23
T24
T27
T28
T29
(P.S: To form matrix A and B in the faster way, we define the parameters of matrix on
variable editor rather than on SciNotes directly. First, we input our data into Microsoft excel,
and then declare a new variable in the variable editor. Lastly, the raw data at Excel file is
copied and pasted on the new variable in variable editor. Same steps are used to form matrix
B)
Matrix C is the inverse matrix of A. This can be done by using Scilab with the following
command:
C=inv(A);

Data is shown in excel form in softcopy

In order to obtain the final answer, the matrix C must be multiplied with matrix B to
form a new matrix which is D. To perform this, following commands are used.

D=C*B;

disp(D)

T2
=
525
T3 400
T4 275
T7 525
T8 400
T9 275
T12 525
T13 400
T14 275
T17 525
T18 400
T19 275
T22 525
T23 400
T24 275
T27 525
T28 400
T29 275


T1 = T6 = T11 = T16 = T21 = T26 = 650
o
C
T5 = T10 = T15 = T20 = T25 = T30 = 150
o
C
(Boundary condition)



4. Method B:IHT Software

//Stainless Steel-AISI 302 Material Property is defined

Rho=rho_300k(Stainless Steel-AISI 302) //Density, kg.m^3
alpha=k/(rho*cp) //Thermal Diffusivity, m^2/s
k=k_T(Stainless Steel-AISI 302,300) //Thermal Conductivity, W/m.K
cp=cp_T(Stainless Steel-AISI 302,300) //Specific Heat, J/kg.K
qdot=0
deltax=0.003
deltay=0.003
Thermal Diffusivity, = 3.90E-6 m2
/s
Specific Heat, Cp = 480 J/kg K
Thermal Conductivity, k =15.1 W/m K
Density, = 8055 kg/m3


//Boundary Conditions are specified

T1=650
T6=650
T11=650
T16=650
T21=650
T26=650
T5=150
T10=150
T15=150
T20=150
T25=150
T30=150

//Commands used

/* Node 2: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 3, 1, 7, 7. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T2,T3,T1,T7,T7,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 3: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 4, 2, 8, 8. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T3,T4,T2,T8,T8,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 4: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 5, 3, 9, 9. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T4,T5,T3,T9,T9,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 7: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 8, 6, 12, 2. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T7,T8,T6,T12,T2,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 8: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 9, 7, 13, 3. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T8,T9,T7,T13,T3,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 9: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 10, 8, 14, 4. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T9,T10,T8,T14,T4,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 12: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 13, 11, 17, 7. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T12,T13,T11,T17,T7,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 13: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 14, 12, 18, 8. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T13,T14,T12,T18,T8,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 14: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 15, 13, 19, 9. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T14,T15,T13,T19,T9,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 17: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 18, 16, 22, 12. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T17,T18,T16,T22,T12,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 18: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 19, 17, 23, 13. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T18,T19,T17,T23,T13,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 19: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 20, 18, 24, 14. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T19,T20,T18,T24,T14,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 22: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 23, 21, 27, 17. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T22,T23,T21,T27,T17,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 23: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 24, 22, 28, 18. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T23,T24,T22,T28,T18,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 24: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 25, 23, 29, 19. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T24,T25,T23,T29,T19,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 27: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 28, 26, 22, 22. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T27,T28,T26,T22,T22,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 28: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 29, 27, 23, 23. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T28,T29,T27,T23,T23,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 29: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 30, 28, 24, 24. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T29,T30,T28,T24,T24,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

Result:
Node Temperature,
T1 650
T2 525
T3 400
T4 275
T5 150
T6 650
T7 525
T8 400
T9 275
T10 150
T11 650
T12 525
T13 400
T14 275
T15 150
T16 650
T17 525
T18 400
T19 275
T20 150
T21 650
T22 525
T23 400
T24 275
T25 150
T26 650
T27 525
T28 400
T29 275
T30 150

5. Comparison between Method A & Method B:
Data T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 T13 Ti
Excel 650 525 400 275 150 650 525 400 275 150 650 525 400 All
Same

IHT 650 525 400 275 150 650 525 400 275 150 650 525 400
i=14,15,16.....30

By comparing both methods which are Scilab and IHT software, we found that IHT software
will be more accurate compare to scilab. The main reason is both software use different
method in solving the question. For Scilab, it uses numerical method in solving the question.
On the other hand, IHT it uses analytical method to solve the problem. Numerical method
does not include all the external factors such as density , thermal conductivity K, Specific
heat capacity Cp, and alpha in the calculation. However, analytical method does include all
the external factors in calculating the temperature.

When the effects of external factors are considered, any changes in the external factors will
lead to a different in calculation and eventually leads to different answers. If there is heat
generation, scilab and IHT will give a different answer for different material. However, due
to no generation in our question, both scilab and IHT will give us the same answer. Thus, the
values remain the same.
6. Discussion:
a) Does the thermal conductivity, k play a role in the solution?
From the results that we have obtained, we found that thermal conductivity does not
play a role in the solution. It is adequate to assume the thermal conductivity is the
same in all directions, named isotropic materials. Hence, the equation of 2D, steady
state conduction heat transfer can be simplified to

=0. Since, our

question does not include any heat generation; the thermal conductivity has no effect
in the calculation both methods are applicable to get the true result (

=0). So,
method B which is IHT will be the same as method A which is scilab because there is
no external factors like heat generation in this question is involve.

Supposing if heat generation is involved, the formula in IHT should be changed to
q= fd_2d_int(T2,T3,T1,T7,T7,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

where q=rho*cp*der(T2,t) for node 2


b) Extra Question: We have fully understood how to use IHT and we would try it on
another question. Since this is a discussion, we will only include the code and answer
towards this extra question. We also fulfil the condition asked :
irregular boundary, rather than the square boundaries in the example
less nodes(We prefer less nodes)
insulated, (refer to CMME lab 3 )
Our imagination
Since the question mentioned that step size x must equal to y, or vice versa,so we can
only think of x=3mm, of y=3mm


Code:
rho=8055 //Density, kg.m^3
alpha=3.9E-6 //Thermal Diffusivity, m^2/s
k=15.1 //Thermal Conductivity, W/m.K
cp=480 //Specific Heat, J/kg.K
qdot=0
deltax=0.003
deltay=0.003

T1=650
T7=650
T13=650
T19=650
T23=650
T6=150
T12=150
T18=150
T2=100
T3=100
T4=100
T5=100

/* Node 8: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 9, 7, 14, 2. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T8,T9,T7,T14,T2,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 9: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 10, 8, 15, 3. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T9,T10,T8,T15,T3,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 10: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 11, 9, 16, 4. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T10,T11,T9,T16,T4,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 11: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 12, 10, 17, 5. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T11,T12,T10,T17,T5,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 14: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 15, 13, 20, 8. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T14,T15,T13,T20,T8,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 15: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 16, 14, 21, 9. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T15,T16,T14,T21,T9,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 16: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 17, 15, 22, 10. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T16,T17,T15,T22,T10,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 17: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 18, 16, 11, 11. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T17,T18,T16,T11,T11,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 20: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 21, 19, 24, 14. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T20,T21,T19,T24,T14,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 21: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 22, 20, 25, 15. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T21,T22,T20,T25,T15,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 22: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 21, 21, 26, 16. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T22,T21,T21,T26,T16,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 24: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 25, 23, 20, 20. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T24,T25,T23,T20,T20,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 25: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 26, 24, 21, 21. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T25,T26,T24,T21,T21,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)

/* Node 26: interior node;e, w, n, s labeled 25, 25, 22, 22. */
0.0 = fd_2d_int(T26,T25,T25,T22,T22,k,qdot,deltax,deltay)


Result:
Node Temperature,
T1 650
T2 100
T3 100
T4 100
T5 100
T6 150
T7 650
T8 372.6
T9 260.9
T10 203.1
T11 160.9
T12 150
T13 650
T14 479.6
T15 367.8
T16 290.5
T17 190.6
T18 150
T19 650
T20 528
T21 440
T22 400.7
T23 650
T24 542.4
T25 463.7
T26 432.2

7. Conclusion:
In conclusion, without heat generation, Microsoft Excel and IHT software can get similar
results. We can say that both of the methods in this case is quite accurate. In 1D steady state
without heat generation, we can also form the equation by using finite difference method.
This shows that finite difference method is sufficient enough to analyze the heat transfer
problem.
IHT would still be preferred to be used though because of its simplicity and ability to solve
real engineering problem applicable in real life. Excel can also be used but the result is not
accurate in reality as there is surely heat generation in between the conduction of the material.
When there is heat generation, external factors should also be involved in the calculation and
therefore IHT can provide that solution.