B.SC.

SYLLABUS OF CHEMISTRY
PAPER (A) Max Marks: 30
Quanu! "#$r% B$n&'n( an& )"#!')a*
In&usr'#s:
1. Wave properties of electrons and matter. Corpuscular properties of radiation
(Photo electric effect and co emption effect). De Broglies equation. Atomic spectrum of
hdrogen. Bohrs atomic model and its success in e!plaining the spectrum of hdrogen" Brief
description of #chrodinger $ave equation and its application to the hdrogen atom. %lectron
energ levels and different quantum mem&ers. Paulis e!clusion principle. 'ormation of
covalent &ond & quantum (echanical treatment ()drogen molecule and other simple diatomic
molecule).
*. (A) +ature of Chemical &ond, (.-. .heor/ )&ridi0ation. 1ocali0ed and
Delocali0ed (olecular -r&its/ &ond angles/ &ond length. Bond energ/ inductive effect.
2esonance and Dipole moment. )per con3ugation/ strict effects and #olvent effects. )drogen
Bond/ Acids and Bases.
*. (B) Chemical Bonding, )istorical Development/ .pes of chemical Bonds/
4onic Covalent and Coordinate Bonds $ith their respective Properties/ Born )a&er Ccle5$ith
e!amples. (ultiple &onds $ith reference to 4norganic (olecules. .heories of Bonding/ 6alence
Bonding. .hree centered &ond/ 6ander Waals forces/ etc. (olecular or&ital theor and its
application to inorganic (olecules. Comparison of the a&ove t$o theories. .heories of )drogen
and metallic &onding.
7. Periodic classification of elements &ased on %lectronic configuration
Development of Periodic 1a$/ the long form of periodic .a&le %lectronic Basis for the periodic
Classification #imilarities of the elements. (odern .rends in the periodic .a&le. .he tpe of
elements. Periodicit of Properties/ Atomic 2adii/ 4onic 2adii/ 4oni0ation potentials/ election
Affinities/ %lectro negativities. %ffective nuclear charge. %lectrode potentials and %lectro5
Chemical series.
8. Chemical %quili&rium ()omogenous and )eterogeneous) 1e challiers principle.
1a$ of mass action and its Application to the formation of ammonia ad decomposition of
calcium car&onate calculation of equili&rium constant of some simple reactions. %ffect of
temperature on equili&rium constant. 9i&&s phase rule and its applications to one component.
.$o : components and three components sstem.
;. Biologicall important organic compounds, An 4ntroduction to the stud of
Car&ohdrates/ 6itamins/ Amino acids/ and 'ates $ith special reference to their classification/
+omenclature. 4mportant reactions and functions.
1
<. 4ndustrial -rganic Chemistr, Chemicals from coulter petroleum/ 4ndustrial gases
Polmers.
=. Applications of Chemistr in 4ndustr,
(a) #tud of the (etallurgies of the follo$ing,
i. Aluminum.
ii. Copper.
iii. 4ron and #teel.
(&) #tud of the follo$ing Chemical 4ndustries,
i. #odium Car&onate.
ii. Ammonia.
iii. +itric Acid.
iv. #ulphuric Acid.
v. 9lass.
vi. Cement.
vii. 'ertili0ers.
PAPER (B) Max Marks: 30
P"%s')a* C"#!'sr%
+. Sa#s $, Ma#r.
+. -as#s:
>inetic theor of gases and derivation of gas la$. +on5ideal Behaviour of gases" 6an Der
Waal equation/ the critical temperature and liquefaction of gases. )eat capacities of gases/ la$ of
equiparition of energ. (ean free path/ collision diameter and collision num&er.
1iquids, 6apor pressure/ viscosit/ surfaces tension/ refractive inde!/ dipole moment and
their measurements.
#olids, the crstal sstem/ the properties of crstal. .he Bragg methods of crstal
analsis/ ?5ra analsis of sodium chloride. .he po$der methods of crstal analsis. )eat
capacities of solids Colloids and their properties.
.. S$*u'$ns:
4deal solutions (2aoults 1a$)/ +on5ideal solutions. )enr la$/ Colligative properties
such as relative lo$ering of vapor pressure/ elevation of &oiling point/ depression of free0ing
point. -smotic pressure. (With reference to their thermodnamic treatment). #olu&ilit and heat
of solution.
*
3. T"#r!$&%na!')s.
.hermodnamics sstems and state functions. Wor@ and thermal energ. 1
st
la$ of
thermodnamics. 4sothermal and adia&atic changes. (easurement of enthalp ()). 2elation
&et$een % and ). .emperature dependence of ). 2eversi&ilit and irreversi&ilit. Cannot ccle
and entrop. *
nd
1a$ of thermodnamics. 9i&&s free energ/ relation &et$een 9 and equili&rium
constant. .he causes : claperon equation.
/ C"#!')a* 0'n#')s.
2ate la$ and its determination & various methods. -rder of reaction and molecularit.
Derivation of rate equations of 1
st
and *
nd
order reactions. Activation energ and its
determination. Collision theor of uni5and &i5molecular reactions. #tud of mechanism of a ne$
reaction.
1. E*#)r$ 2 C"#!'sr%.
%quivalent and molar conductance and their measurements. >ohlrauschs la$ and its
applications. Determination of degree of dissociation of $ee@ %lectroltes (-st$alds dilution
la$). 4onic mo&ilits and their determination. .ransport num&ers and their determination
()ittroff and moving &oundar methods). 2eversi&le and irreversi&le cells/ various @inds of
reversi&le electrodes. (easurement of e.m.f. of cells. Buffer solutions. .heories of indicators.
p). -f a solution and its determination & Buffer and indicators.
B$$ks R#)$!!#n&#&: 3
1. Phsical Chemistr for B.#c. students. B 'a0li )ussain (. 9ha0iuddin
Pu&lished & 4lmi >uta& >hana/ 1ahore.
*. Principles of Phsical Chemistr 8
th
%dition. B #amuel ). (aron and Carl '. Prutton.
.he (acmillan Co. 1td. 1ondon.
7. Phsical Chemistr. B 9ardon (. Borro$
8
th
%dition 4nter #tudent %dition
8. .e!t Boo@s of Phsical Chemistr. B #amuel 9lasstone *
nd
%dition
(acmillan and Co. 1td. 1ondon.
7
PAPER (C) Max Marks: 30
P"%s')a* C"#!'sr%
I. C*ass',')a'$ns: 3 Fun&a!#na* 4r'n)'4*#s an& 5$!#n)*aur# $, Or(an') C$!4$un&s
(++6 PAC)
1. .pe of -rganic 2eactions. Polar/ radical/ four5Centre tpes and fragmentation reactions.
*. 4somerism, #tructural and stereo:4somerism, -ptical Active Configuration. %nantomers"
-ptical activit in compounds containing upto *. asmmetric car&on atoms. Diastereoisomers/
2ecemi0ation/ 2esolution of racemic mi!tures" 9eometrical isomerism. 4dentification of Cis and
trans5isomers and comparison of their sta&ilit hper con3ugation.
7. Chemistr of 'unctional 9roups, 5
)drocar&ons, 4ntroduction to the #tructural aspects of al@enes. Al@enes phsical
characteristic of first 1A mem&ers of each series. Preparation of al@enes & reduction of CBC/
CBCB-/ CB#/ CB?/ lin@ages and decar&o!lation of car&o!lic acids. Preparation of al@enes &
elimination reactions of %1/ %*/ $itting reactions. Wurt0 reaction Cere5)ouse 2eaction.
2eduction of Al@l )alides/ Paralsis of ?anthate esters. Paralsis of amine o!ides. Preparation
of Al@nes & dehdrohalogenation and dehalogenation reactions.
R#a)'$ns $,:
1. Al@enes and Cclo al@enes, )alogenation" nitration com&ustion. .he concept of Bond
energies. Conformational analsis &utane. #tructure and conformational analsis of cclohe!ane.
*. Al@enes, )drogenation and heats of hdrogenation, %lectrophilic addition reaction and
orientation of addition/ o!idation/ o0oni0ation.
7. Al@nes, comparison of the reactivit of C5C and CBC" Acidit of acetlenic hdrogen (5
C5C))/ addition reactions.
44. Aromatic )drocar&ons" #ources, Phsical characteristics structure of Ben0ene and the
concept of Armaticit" )uc@el 2ule. %lectrophilic su&stitution reactions. -rientation and
reactivit. Applications in #nthesis" -!idat<ion of side Chain of aromatic hdrocar&ons"
%lementar treatment of aromaticit of pridine and comparison of its reactivit $ith that of
&en0ene. A &rief introduction of the chemistr of +aphthalene and Anthracene.
444. Car&onl compounds, .pes of Car&onl compounds +ature of car&onl group.
%lectronic and other effects on C B - reactivit.
Preparation of Aldehdes and acetones, o!idation of alcohols/ and other readil
o!idi0a&le groups. 2eduction of acid chlorides" 9rignard reagents" 'riedal59rafts aclation"
)dration of Al@nes" Pinacol5Pinacolene rearrangement.
8
Preparation of car&o!lic acids" -!idative methods/ 9rignard reagent/ +itrile snthesis.
2eactions of aldehdes and @etone, 2eactivit of car&onl group. Addition/ reactions/
-!idation. Aldol and Canni0aros 2eactions.
2eaction of car&o!lic acids, #trength of car&o!lic acid %lectronics/ #tearic and
)drogen &onding effects of the strength of acids/ formation )drolsis and #aponification of
%sters.
'ormation of Acid )alides/ Anhdrides/ Amides and their use in organic snthesis.
(alonic and acetoacetic ester, Preparation and their important snthetic applications.
46. Chemistr of )dro!l group, +ature of the )dro!l group. Alcohols/ Phenols and
Car&o!lic acids. Acidit of Phenols and effect su&stituents. Phsical characteristics of Alcohols
and Phenols.
Preparation of Alcohols, )dration and )dro&oration of Al@enes/ 2eduction of
Car&onl compounds. Compounds.
Preparation of Phenols, )drolsis of chloro&en0ene/ Dia0o 2eaction/ and -!idative
Procedures.
2eactions, 2eactions involving &rea@ing of )/ and C5- &ond. 2eactions of the Aromatic
+ucleus.
6. -rganic +itrogen Compounds, .pes of simple +itrogen compounds" amines/ +itro
Compounds/ +itrites/ Amides/ +5heterocclies (Prrol and Pridine).
Classification/ and Phsical characteristic of Amines preparation of amines/ &
Al@lations of ammonia/ 9o&riel snthesis/ 2eduction of +itrites/ +itro Compounds and
Amides/ 2eactions of amines, Basicit of amines/ Aclation/ al@lations. Dia0o 2eaction and
)alogenations.
64. 7'a8$n'u! C$!4$un&s:
Preparation and #tructure,
2eactions and applications in snthesis,
B$$ks R#)$!!#n&#&:
1. -rganic Chemistr 6olume one 6olume t$o for B.#c. #tudents.
%dited & >.(. 4&ne52osa and (.A. 2ehman
;
Pu&lisher 4lmi >uta& >hana/ 1ahore/ 1C=1.
*. A .e!t Boo@ of -rganic Chemistr
B (. Dounas and A. 2ehman
Pu&lisher 4lmi >uta& >hana/ 1ahore/ 1CCA.
7. 4ntroduction to #tereochemistr
B +aser5ud5Din
Pu&lisher 9hafoor #tationar (art/ Pesha$ar/ 1CC1
8. -rganic Chemistr
B 2. .. (orrison and 2. +. Bod
Pu&lisher/ Alln E Becan. 4nc.
;. 4ntroduction to Acids and Bases for B.#c. and (.#c. #tudents +aseruddin/ (4+P2%##).
PAPER (7) Max Marks: 30
In$r(an') C"#!'sr%
1. )drogen, Position in the Periodic .a&le/ 4sotopes. -rtho and Para5hdrogen.
Atomic )drogen. )dridesFF.. classification preparation and properties.
*. (odern concepts of Acids and Bases including elementar treatment of soft and
)ard Acid5Base concept.
7. Al@ali and al@aline %arth metals, 9eneral Characteristics &ased on electronic
configuration. Diagonal relationship.
8. Boron and Aluminum, 9eneral Characteristics of the 9roup. Diagonal
relationship %lectron deficient molecules5Borates. Boron .rihalides. Borides. 14A2)8 and
14A.)8
;. Car&on and silicon. 9eneral Characteristics of the 9roup. Diagonal relationship
Car&ides. #ilicides FF.. #tructure and industrial application.
<. +itrogen and Phosphorus characteristics of the group. 'i!ation of +itrogen $ith
reference to recent developments. -!acid of +itrogen and phosphorus. )alides of phosphorus.
=. -!gen and sulphur, 9eneral characteristics of the group. -!acid/ Peracids and
.hionic Acids of #ulphur.
G. )alogens, 9eneral Characteristics of the 9roup. Chemistr of 'luorine. 1ater5
halogens and Pseudo halogens (Chemistr and #tructure). Disproportionation 2eactions of
)alogens.
C. Hero 9roup elements, 9eneral characteristics of the 9roups. Chemistr of the
group $ith reference to ?enon and its compounds &onding and structure of the ?enon
Compounds.
<
1A. .ransition (etals, 9eneral characteristics of the group &ased on the electronic
configuration of the elements. Comple! compounds/ +ature of coordinate Bond/ )istorical
development/ application of valence Bond/ (olecular -r&ital and Crstal 'ield theories to
e!plain the structure of the comple! compounds. %lementar treatment of 4somerism in Comple!
Compounds.
11. Hinc 9roup %lements, 9eneral Characteristics of the group.
B$$ks R#)$!!#n&#&9
1. .e!t Boo@ of 4norganic Chemistr for B.#c. #tudents
B Dr. A&dul (a3id Iureshi E Dr. (. Hafar 4q&al
4lmi >uta& >hana 1ahore
*. 4norganic Chemistr for B.#c. students
B Dr. Badruddin E Dr. #. (arghoo& Ali
'ero0 #ons/ 1td.
7. 'undamental Concepts of 4norganic Chemistr
B %smarch #. 9ilreath (c9ra$ )ill
8. Advanced 4norganic Chemistr
B Cotton E Wil@inson 4nter #cience
;. 4norganic Chemistr
B )uhee )arper E 2o$.
<. Advance 4norganic Chemistr
B JCoulsonK.
PART 2 I T$a* Marks: +1
B.S). C"#!'sr% Pra)')a*s

(T:$ 7a%s 7ura'$n) 3
r&
%#ar
1. #urface tension of liquids and determination of composition of liquid mi!ture & surface
tension measurements.
*. 6iscosit of liquids and determination of composition of liquid mi!ture & viscosit
measurements.
7. )eat of solution and neutrali0ation.
=
8. 2efractive inde! measurements.
;. Preparation of colloidal solution and determination of precipitation value.
<. Determination of transition temperature & thermometric or delatometric method.
=. -rder of a reaction of hdrogen pero!ide and )4.
G. Iualitative Analsis, (i!ture of four radicals e!cluding insolu&le and interfering radicals
using semi5micro techniques.
;. Pr#4ara'$ns.
1. 1ead Chromite.
*. 'errous #ulphate from >ipps residue.
7. Potash Alum.
8. (icrocosmic #alt.
PART 2 II T$a* Marks: +1
B.S). C"#!'sr% Pra)')a*s

(T:$ 7a%s 7ura'$n) /
"
%#ar
1. 4dentification of organic compounds containing onl one functional group $ith special
emphasis on compounds/ containing the follo$ing groups, 5
C--)/ 5-)/ C B -/ 5+)*
4dentification must &e su&stantiated & the preparation of a derivative (at least 1A
compounds.)
*. (a) Basic .echniques for the preparation of -rganic compounds.
(i) 2e5crstalli0ation.
(ii) 'iltration.
(iii) 'ractional distillation.
(iv) #team distillation.
(v) #olvent %!traction/ and
(vi) #u&limation.
(&) Preparation involving,
(i) )alogenations F P : &romoacetanilide or tri&romophnol.
(ii) #u&stitution of F + : &utl &romide or tert : &utl Chloride -) &
)alogen.
G
(iii) +itration F +itro&en0ene/ dinitro&en0ene.
(iv) 2eduction of nitro F Aniline.
(v) Acetlation F AcetanilideLAspirin.
(vi) -!idation of side chain F &en0oic acid.
Preparations are aimed at giving the student an opportunit to learn &asic preparative
Chemistr.
7. #eparation of Cations such as Co&alt/ +ic@el/ Copper/ Hinc etc. & paper
chromatographic techniques.
8. Iuantitative Analsis.
i. 6olumetric Analsis
(a) -!idation : 2eduction/ >(n-8 and >* Cr* -= ($ith &oth internal
and e!ternal indicators)
(&) lodometr
(c) Argentometr.
C