1

No Dokumen
SB/MMSB2/BMCS2333/5
No Isu./Tarikh
3/12-12-2007
SOLID MECHANICS 2
Deflection Of Cantilevers And Built-In
Beams
No Semakan/Tarikh
2
Jumlah Mukasurat
4

OBJECTIVE
To understand and describe the deflection behaviors of cantilevers and built-in beams.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this laboratory session the students should be able to
1. Identify the different reaction between cantilever and built in beam.
2. Apply the deflection formula among the types of beam support.
3. Determine the relationship between beams deflection and applied load

THEORY
In deflection of a cantilever experiment, we will of a cantilever subjected to an increasing point
load. We will repeat this for three different examine the deflection materials to see if their
deflection properties vary.

The deflection of a cantilever =
3
3
WL
EI
(1)

where, W = Load (N)
L = Distance from support to position of loading (m)
E = Youngs modulus for cantilever material (N/m
2
)
I = Second moment of area of the cantilever (m
4
)

In deflection of a built-in beam experiment, we will examine the deflection of a built-in beam
subjected to an increasing point load. This means we can find out the relationship between the
deflection and the length of the beam.
The maximum deflection occurs at the mid-span of beam

Maximum deflection =
EI
WL
192
3
(2)

where, W = Load (N)
L = the length of beam (m)
E = Youngs modulus for cantilever material (N/m
2
)
I = Second moment of area of the cantilever (m
4
)


APPARATUS
Figure 1 shows the apparatus of Cantilevers and Built-in beams experiment. It consists of a
backboard with a digital dial test indicator. The digital dial test indicator is on a sliding
bracket, which allows it to traverse accurately to any position along the test beam. Two rigid
clamps mount on the backboard and can hold the beam in any position. Two knife-edge
supports also fasten anywhere along the beam. Scales printed on the backboard allow quick
and accurate positioning of the dial test indicator, knife-edges and loads.

UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL
MALAYSIA MELAKA
2






















PROCEDURES
The Deflection of Cantilevers and Built-in beams experiment fits into a Test Frame. Figure 2
shows the Deflection of Cantilevers and Built-in beams experiment in the Test Frame.

Before setting up and using the equipment; always:
1. Visually inspect parts including electrical leads for damage or wear.
2. Check electrical connections are correct and secure.
3. Check all components are secure and fastenings are sufficiently tight.
4. Position the Test Frame safely.
5. Never apply excessive loads to any part of the equipment























Fixing holes
Fixing holes
Scale
Moveable digital
dial test indicator
Clamp
Moveable
knife-edge
U-section
channel
Scale
Knife-edge
load hanger
Moveable
knife-edge
Clamp
Figure 1
Specimen
beam
Digital dial test indicator
on sliding bracket
Securing
thumbscrews
Clamp
(2 off)
Clamp
mounting
holes
Moveable
knife-edge
(2 off)
Hanger and
masses
98mm
Figure 1 The beam apparatus
Figure 2 The Test Frame of Beam Apparatus
Clamp
(2 off)
Hanger and
masses
Moveable
Knife-edge
(2 off)
Clamp
Mounting
Hole
Specimen
Beam
Digital dial test indicator
on sliding bracket
Securing
thumbscrews
98 mm
Fixing holes
Scale
Moveable digital
dial test indicator
Clamp
Moveable
knife edge
U section
channel
Knife edge
load
Moveable
knife edge
Clamp
Fixing
holes
3
EXPERIMENT 1 DEFLECTION OF A CANTILEVER
In this experiment, we will examine the deflection of a cantilever subjected to an increasing
point load. We will repeat this for three different materials to see if their deflection properties
varied.















1. Using a vernier gauge, measure the width and depth of the aluminum, brass and steel test
beams. Record the values next to the results tables for each material and use them to
calculate the second moment of area I .
2. Remove any clamps and knife-edges from the backboard. Set up one of the cantilevers as
shown in Figure 3.
3. Slide the digital dial test indicator to the position on the beam shown in Figure 3, and lock
it using the thumbnut at the rear. Slide a knife-edge hanger to the position shown.
4. Tap the frame lightly and zero the digital dial test indicator using the origin button.
5. Apply masses to knife-edge hanger in the increments as shown in Table 1a
6. Tap the frame lightly each time you add the masses. Record the digital dial test indicator
reading for each increment of mass in Table 1a.
7. Repeat the procedure for the other two materials and record in the Table 1b and 1c
respectively.
8. Calculate the theoretical deflection for each beam and record your results in each
respective table.

EXPERIMENT 2 DEFLECTION OF A BUILT-IN BEAM
In this experiment, we will examine the deflection of a built-in-beam subjected to an increasing
point load. We will repeat this for three different materials to see if their deflection properties
vary.
1. Using a vernier gauge, measure the width and depth of the aluminum, brass and steel, test
beam. Record the values next to the result table and use them to calculate the second
moment of area, I .
2. Remove any clamps from the backboard. Setting length between supports L up to
maximum length of beam, set up the beam as shown in Figure 4.
3. Slide the digital dial test indicator into center of the beam and lock it using the thumbnut at
the rear.
4. Slide a knife-edge hanger to the center position of the beam length.
5. Tap the frame lightly and zero the digital dial test indicator using the origin button.
6. Apply masses to the knife-edge hanger in the increments shown in the results table. Tap the
frame lightly each time, and record the digital dial test indicator reading for each
increment of mass in Table 2a.




200mm
W
Figure 3
Figure 3 Set-up of cantilever beam
200 mm

4














7. Repeat the above procedures for the other two materials and record in the Table 2b and
2c respectively.
8. Calculate the theoretical deflection for each beam and record the results in each
respective table.



W

400 l mm =
Figure 4 : Built-in beam setup

W
L

Figure 4 Built-in setup with L = 600 mm