JJ303

WORKSHOP PRACTICE 3
MACHINING REPORT


NAME : MUHAMAD HUSAINI BIN ZAMZURY
CLASS : DKM 3A
MATRIX NUMBER : 15DKM13F1009
LECTURER : ENCIK NORAZAM BIN ALIMAN


INTRODUCTION
A lathe is a machine tool which rotates the work piece on its axis to perform various
operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation, facing, turning, with
tools that are applied to the work piece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis
of rotation.

Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, thermal spraying, parts
reclamation, and glass-working. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design
being the potter's wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to
produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental
lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The work piece is
usually held in place by either one or two center at least one of which can typically be moved
horizontally to accommodate varying work piece lengths. Other work-holding methods
include clamping the work about the axis of rotation using a chuck or collet, or to a faceplate,
using clamps or dogs.

Examples of objects that can be produced on a lathe include candlestick holders, gun
barrels, cue sticks, table legs, bowls, baseball bats, musical instruments (especially woodwind
instruments), crankshafts, and camshafts.



Milling is a cutting process that uses a milling cutter to remove material from the surface of a
work piece. The milling cutter is a rotary cutting tool, often with multiple cutting points. As
opposed to drilling, where the tool is advanced along its rotation axis, the cutter in milling is
usually moved perpendicular to its axis so that cutting occurs on the circumference of the
cutter. As the milling cutter enters the work piece, the cutting edges (flutes or teeth) of the
tool repeatedly cut into and exit from the material, shaving off chips ( swarf ) from the work
piece with each pass. The cutting action is shear deformation; the metal is pushed off the
work piece in tiny clumps that hang together to more or less extent (depending on the metal
type) to form chips. This makes metal cutting a bit different (in its mechanics) from slicing
softer materials with a blade.

The milling process removes material by performing many separate, small cuts. This is
accomplished by using a cutter with many teeth, spinning the cutter at high speed, or
advancing the material through the cutter slowly; most often it is some combination of these
three approaches. The speeds and feeds used are varied to suit a combination of variables.
The speed at which the piece advances through the cutter is called feed rate, or just feed; it is
most often measured in length of material per full revolution of the cutter.












There are two major classes of milling process:
In face milling, the cutting action occurs primarily at the end corners of the milling cutter.
Face milling is used to cut flat surfaces (faces) into the work piece, or to cut flat-
bottomed cavities.
In peripheral milling, the cutting action occurs primarily along the circumference of the
cutter, so that the cross section of the milled surface ends up receiving the shape of the
cutter. In this case the blades of the cutter can be seen as scooping out material from the
work piece. Peripheral milling is well suited to the cutting of deep slots, threads, and gear
teeth.












OBJECTIVE

1. Make sure student know how the lathe machine and milling machine operated.
2. Encourage student to handle the lathe machine and milling machine.


SAFETY PRECAUTION

1. Firstly, wear safety equipment such as head safety boot, google and safety jacket
before start using the machine.
2. Do not disturbed other student that are still working.
3. Follow specific procedures for tuning systems on and off.
4. Obtain permission before using the machine.













EQUIPMENT


Safety jacket


Safety boot


Safety google


Toolbit


Toolbit holder

PROCEDURES

1. Set up the lathe machine.
2. Make sure there is enough coolant to prevent tool bit from break.
3. Follow the proper instruction from the lecturer.
4. Firstly, setup the tool holder and adjust the tool bit.
5. After that we can continue our work.
6. After completing the machining process, we can continue with machining screw
thread.
7. Lastly, move the work piece into the milling machine to complete the hexagon shape.
8. After completing the work, turn off the machine and clean it up.













CONCLUSION

At the end of my workshop period. I have been learning to operate the lathe machine and
milling machine properly. I have also learn about the safety in the workshop.

REFERENCES
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lathe
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling_(machining)