Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 1

This print-out should have 34 questions.

Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page nd all choices
before answering.
mccord- ch302
Exam3
Spring 2013 - MWF 12n
7-9pm April 9, 2013
001-160 in WEL 2.224
161-320 in WEL 1.308
1 amu = 1.66 10
27
kg
001 4.0 points
Chlorine gas is bubbled through hot alkaline
solutions to make chlorate and chloride ions
according to the following reaction:
3 Cl
2
+ 6 OH

ClO

3
+ 5 Cl

+ 3 H
2
O
The reaction is proceeding such that the rate
of production of chloride ions is 710
2
M/s.
What is the corresponding rate of change in
chlorine gas?
1. 8.410
2
M/s
2. 8.410
2
M/s
3. 11.710
2
M/s
4. 4.210
2
M/s correct
5. 11.710
2
M/s
6. 710
2
M/s
7. 2110
2
M/s
8. 2110
2
M/s
9. 710
2
M/s
10. 4.210
2
M/s
Explanation:
The chlorine gas will be reacting at 3/5
times the rate of chloride ions AND will have
the opposite sign because it is decreasing with
time.
-3/5 (710
2
M/s) = 4.210
2
M/s
002 3.0 points
Consider the 2-step reaction mechanism
fast 2 NO + H
2
N
2
O+H
2
O
slow N
2
O+H
2
N
2
+H
2
O
net 2 NO+ 2H
2
N
2
+ 2 H
2
O
Which of the following rate laws is cor-
rect for the given mechanism? Note that the
constant k may represent a combination of
elementary reaction rate constants.
1. rate
net
= k [NO] [H
2
]
2. rate
net
= k
[N
2
] [H
2
O]
2
[H
2
]
2
[NO]
2
3. rate
net
= k [NO]
2
[H
2
]
2
4. rate
net
= k [NO]
2
[H
2
]
5. rate
net
= k
[H
2
]
2
[NO]
2
[H
2
O]
correct
Explanation:
The rate law must reect the rate of the
slowest (rate determining) step:
Rate = k

[N
2
O] [H
2
]
N
2
O is an intermediate, a small amount of
which is formed in the preceding equilibrated
step:
Rate
forward
= k
f
[NO]
2
[H
2
]
= k
r
[N
2
O] [H
2
O] = Rate
reverse
and
[N
2
O] =
k
f
k
r
[NO]
2
[H
2
]
[H
2
O]
Rate =
k

k
f
k
r
[NO]
2
[H
2
]
2
[H
2
O]
=
k [NO]
2
[H
2
]
2
[H
2
O]
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 2
003 3.0 points
If an individual step in a reaction mechanism
is bimolecular, is that step necessarily of sec-
ond order?
1. No
2. Yes correct
Explanation:
The number of reactant molecules in an
elementary step of a mechanism is the order
of that step.
004 3.0 points
Which is the heaviest of the common radioac-
tive particles?
1. beta
2. alpha correct
3. gamma
4. neutron
5. positron
Explanation:
Each alpha particle is composed of 2 pro-
tons and 2 neutrons, making it the heaviest.
005 3.0 points
Calculate the time required for the activity of
a 9.0 mCi sodium-25 source to decay to 7.0
mCi. The half-life of sodium-25 is 60.0 s.
1. 9.4 s
2. 22 s correct
3. 19 s
4. 44 s
5. 0.029 s
Explanation:
006 3.0 points
Activation energy is
1. the energy released when products are
formed.
2. the maximum amount of energy that can
be used during a chemical reaction.
3. the minimum amount of energy required
for a reaction to occur. correct
Explanation:
The activation energy is the minimum
amount of energy that a reaction needs to
occur.
007 3.0 points
What is NOT true for a catalyst?
1. A catalyst is not consumed in chemical
reactions.
2. A catalyst increases the rate of a chemical
reaction by decreasing activation energy.
3. A catalyst can convert an endothermic re-
action into an exothermic reaction. correct
4. A catalyst may be used in the solid, liquid
or gaseous phase.
Explanation:
A catalyst lowers the activation energy bar-
rier, thereby increasing rates of reaction with-
out being consumed (or used up) in a chemical
reaction. Catalysts can operate in in a variety
of phases.
008 3.0 points
A catalyst works by
1. providing an alternate reaction pathway
with a higher activation energy.
2. increasing the average kinetic energy of
the reactant molecules.
3. making the reaction more exothermic and
therefore more favorable.
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 3
4. providing an alternate reaction pathway
with a lower activation energy. correct
Explanation:
009 3.0 points
Many smoke detectors work by using a small
radioactive source. There is a detector near
this source that constantly monitors the radi-
ation from the radioactive material. If there
is smoke in the air between the source and
the detector, the tiny soot particulates in the
smoke are sucient to block the radiation
from reaching the detector and an alarm is
sounded. Based on your knowledge of the
penetrating power of dierent types of radi-
ation, what type of emitter must be used a
smoke detector.
1. beta emitter
2. gamma emitter
3. alpha emitter correct
Explanation:
Only alpha radiation would be blocked by
tiny soot particulates and therefore a smoke
detector must utilize an alpha emitter.
Gamma radiation is only blocked by thick
heavy metal shielding (such as lead). Beta
radiation is blocked by thick layers of most
materials, but will pass through thin mate-
rials like a piece of paper (or soot particles).
Alpha radiation is blocked by nearly every-
thing.
010 3.0 points
In nuclear ssion, which is true?
1. Two or more smaller atoms combine to
form one larger atom.
2. Electrons combine to form larger, nega-
tively charged particles.
3. One large atom splits into two or more
smaller atoms. correct
4. Individual protons split into smaller
pieces.
Explanation:
011 3.0 points
The mass of a
7
3
Li nuclide is 7.0144 amu.
Given that the mass of a neutron is 1.0087
amu, and the mass of a proton is 1.0073 amu,
calculate the binding energy of a
7
3
Li nucleus.
1. 6.3 x 10
12
J correct
2. 4.8 x 10
11
J
3. 2.6 x 10
13
J
4. 1.1 x 10
10
J
5. 1.1 x 10
11
J
6. 4.8 x 10
12
J
7. 1.9 x 10
11
J
Explanation:
The mass defect is 0.0423 amu which is 7.02
x 10
29
kg
(1 amu = 1.66 x 10
27
kg)
Using E = mc
2
this gives 6.3 x 10
12
J
012 3.0 points
Consider a reaction for which (at 300 K)
G
0
= 100 kJ
E
a
= 40 kJ
H
0
= 80 kJ
The reaction rate will increase if
1. G
0
is decreased.
2. H
0
is decreased.
3. E
a
is increased.
4. G
0
is increased.
5. E
a
is decreased. correct
Explanation:
013 3.0 points
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 4
An atomic bomb diers from a nuclear power
plant in that the former
1. contains more moderating material.
2. involves a chain reaction.
3. produces less energy but more heat.
4. contains a critical mass of ssionable ma-
terial. correct
5. contains more ssionable material.
Explanation:
Nuclear power plants
238
U does not have a
high enough purity (and not enough of it) to
explode like an atomic bomb.
014 3.0 points
For the reaction
cyclopropane(g) propene(g)
at 500

C, a plot of ln[cyclopropane] vs t gives

a straight line with a slope of 0.00067 s
1
.
What is the order of this reaction and what is
the rate constant?
1. None of these
2. second order; 6.7 M
1
s
1
3. rst order; 6.7 s
1
4. rst order; 6.7 10
2
s
1
5. rst order; 6.7 10
4
s
1
correct
6. second order; 6.7 10
2
M
1
s
1
7. second order; 6.7 10
4
M
1
s
1
Explanation:
015 3.0 points
The nuclear binding energy for iron-56 is the
energy released in the nuclear reaction
1. 26
1
H + 30 n
56
Fe correct
2.
55
Fe + n
56
Fe
3. 56
1
H
56
Fe
4. 26
1
H + 30
56
Fe
5. 26
1
H + 56 n
56
Fe
Explanation:
016 3.0 points
Below is a graph representing the band of sta-
bility for dierent isotopes. Nuclides that lie
below the band of stability would be described
as having
Neutrons
Protons
have
1. too many electrons.
2. too many neutrons.
3. too many isotopes.
4. too many protons. correct
Explanation:
017 3.0 points
The outcome of positron emission and elec-
tron capture is the same; i.e., the atomic
number is reduced by one.
1. False
2. True correct
Explanation:
018 3.0 points
The experimentally-determined rate law for
the reaction
(CN)
5
CoOH
2
2
(aq) + SCN

(aq)
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 5
(CN)
5
CoSCN
3
+ H
2
O()
is rate = k [(CN)
5
CoOH
2
2
]
One postulated mechanism is
(CN)
5
CoOH
2
2
(aq)
(CN)
5
Co
2
+ H
2
O() (1)
(CN)
5
Co
2
+ SCN

(aq)
(CN)
5
CoSCN
3
(2)
Which has the larger value, k
1
or k
2
?
1. More information is needed.
2. k
1
3. k
2
correct
Explanation:
Since the experimental rate law is ze-
roth order with respect to both H
2
O() and
SCN

(aq), this implies that reaction (1) oc-

curs and then reaction (2) occurs rapidly, so
all the [(CN)
5
Co]
2
formed immediately re-
acts with SCN

to form [(CN)
5
CoSCN]
3
.
Thus step (1) is the rate-determining step and
sets the overall rate law. Since k is related to
reaction rate (2) and (2) is fast, k
2
k
1
.
019 3.0 points
U-236 spontaneously decays to Br-87, X and
three neutrons. What is element X?
1. Pb
2. La correct
3. Ba
4. Ra
5. Th
Explanation:
020 3.0 points
Consider the rst order reaction
A products
where 25% of A disappears in 24 seconds.
What is the half life of this reaction?
1. t
1/2
= 58 s correct
2. t
1/2
= 48 s
3. t
1/2
= 40 s
4. t
1/2
= 25 s
5. t
1/2
= 12 s
6. t
1/2
= 36 s
Explanation:
a = 1 t = 24 s
[A]
0
= 100 [A]
t
= 75
ln

[A]
0
[A]
t

= a k t
k =
1
a t
ln

[A]
0
[A]
t

=
1
24 s
ln

100
75

= 1.199 10
2
s
1
t
1/2
=
ln2
k
= 58 s
021 3.0 points
Suppose the activation energy for some reac-
tion is 8 kJ/mol, and further, suppose you
measure the reaction rate at 300 K. To keep
the concentrations constant but increase the
rate by a factor of 2 by increasing the temper-
ature, what temperature would you select?
1. 362.688
2. 331.867
3. 382.679
4. 346.003
5. 321.364
6. 355.927
7. 316.582
8. 326.906
9. 339.071
10. 421.391
Correct answer: 382.679 K.
Explanation:
E
a
= 8 kJ/mol = 8000 J/mol
T
1
= 300 K k
2
= 2 k
1
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 6
ln

k
2
k
1

=
E
a
R

1
T
1

1
T
2

ln(2) R
E
a
=
1
T
1

1
T
2
1
T
2
=
1
T
1

ln(2) R
C
a
T
2
=

1
T
1

ln(2) R
C
a

1
=

1
300

ln(2) 8.314
8000

1
= 382.679
022 3.0 points
Radiation from a radioactive element is de-
structive to living cells because it
1. causes them to glow.
2. breaks chemical bonds in the cells. cor-
rect
3. adds weight to the cell.
4. makes them radioactive.
Explanation:
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation can
have enough energy to ionize molecules (break
bonds).
023 3.0 points
Based on the plot below, what are the units
of the rate constant for this reaction?
[A] (M)
time (min)
1. M min
1
correct
2. M
1
s
1
3. s
1
4. M
1
min
1
Explanation:
The y-axis is presented in units of concen-
tration. This, together with the fact that the
line has a constant slope, tells us that this is
a zero order process. The x-axis tells us the
time unit is minutes.
024 3.0 points
If the rate of a reaction increases by a factor
of 64 when the concentration of reactant in-
creases by a factor of 4, what is the order of
the reaction with respect to this reactant?
1. 4
2. 2
3. 16
4. 3 correct
5. 1
Explanation:
025 3.0 points
Consider the following data for the reaction
MX
2
products
Initial
Trial [MX
2
] Half-life
(mol/L) (s)
1 0.30 40
2 0.75 16
3 0.15 80
Determine the order of this reaction.
1. rst order
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 7
2. second order correct
3. zero order
4. cannot be determined
5. one half order
Explanation:
Half life is inversely proportional to the con-
centration. This is easiest to see comparing
experiment 3 to 1. The concentration doubles
from 0.15 to 0.30, but the half-life halves from
80s to 40s. This is 2nd order behavior.
026 3.0 points
A certain reaction is found to have a rate
constant of 1.50 10
8
sec
1
at 0

C and an
activation energy of 45.0 kJ mol
1
. What
will be its rate constant at 100

C?
1. k = 68.4 s
1
2. None of the other answers is correct.
3. k = 7.37 10
11
s
1
4. k = 3.05 10
6
s
1
correct
5. k = 3.10 10
3
s
1
Explanation:
T
1
= 273 K T
2
= 373 K
E
A
= 45.0 kJ k
1
= 1.50 10
8
sec
1
ln
k
2
k
1
= ln k
2
ln k
1
=
E
A
R

1
T
1

1
T
2

ln k
2
= ln k
1
+
E
A
R

1
T
1

1
T
2

= ln 1.50 10
8
+
45000
8.314

1
273

1
373

= 12.699876
k
2
= 3.05 10
6
s
1
027 3.0 points
Consider the elementary reaction:
CaCO
3
(s) CO
2
(g) + CaO(s)
If k = 1.03 10
2
M s
1
, and there is ini-
tially 0 M CO
2
, what is the [CO
2
] after 10
minutes have passed?
1. 0.62 M
2. 1.03 M
3. 6.18 M correct
4. 0.10 M
Explanation:
[O
2
] = [O
2
]
0
+ k t
= 0 +

1.03 10
2

(600)
= 6.18 M
028 3.0 points
Consider the reaction of X Y. The plot be-
low has a solid line shown of the actual uncat-
alyzed reaction when the initial concentration
of X was 0.8 mol/L. Which of the dashed lines
(A-D), is the correct prole for the catalyzed
reaction of X to Y?
1. B
2. C correct
3. A
4. D
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 8
Explanation:
Only curve C shows a faster rate (catalyst)
AND shows that the nal equilibrium concen-
tration is the same. Remember, catalysts do
NOT change the equilibrium positions (like
curves A and D). Curve B actually slows the
reaction down - an inhibitor.
029 3.0 points
In general, the rate of a reaction can be in-
creased by
1. increasing the temperature.
2. All of these correct
3. adding an appropriate catalyst.
4. increasing the concentration of reac-
tants.
Explanation:
At higher temperatures more particles have
the energy necessary for reaction to take
place. A catalyst lowers activation energy
so more particles have the necessary energy.
At higher concentrations a greater number of
eective collisions takes place between reac-
tants particles.
030 3.0 points
Bombarding
54
Fe with a neutron results in
emission of a proton and formation of
1.
54
Cr.
2.
54
Co.
3.
55
Fe.
4.
49
Ti.
5.
54
Mn. correct
Explanation:
031 3.0 points
The rate law for a reaction is usually de-
termined from the coecients in the overall
reaction.
1. False correct
2. True
Explanation:
032 0.0 points
This question starts out at zero points but
could very well increase after the grading.
Now, if more points are awarded (the curve)
on this assignment, would you like them
added to your score?
1. NO, leave my score alone, I prefer the
lower score
2. YES, I would like the points and the
higher score. correct
Explanation:
This should be a no-brainer. Most students
want higher scores. If you picked yes, you got
credit for the question and you got the extra
points you asked for (if they were granted
by your instructor). If you answered NO,
you also got what you wanted... no points
awarded.
033 3.0 points
Consider the data
[H
2
O] [CO
2
] initial rate
M M M s
1
Exp 1 0.45 9.4 4.84 10
2
Exp 2 0.45 4.7 2.42 10
2
Exp 3 1.80 9.4 9.68 10
2
What is a correct rate law for the reaction?
1. rate = k [H
2
O]
2
[CO
2
]
2. rate = k [H
2
O] [CO
2
]
3. rate = k [H
2
O]
1/2
[CO
2
] correct
4. rate = k [CO
2
]
5. rate = k [H
2
O]
1/2
Explanation:
Version 026 Exam 3 mccord (51520) 9
rate
1
rate
2
=
[CO
2
]
1
[CO
2
]
2
4.84 10
2
2.42 10
2
=

9.4
4.7

x
x = 1
rate
3
rate
1
=
[H
2
O]
3
[H
2
O]
1
9.68 10
2
4.84 10
2
=

1.8
0.45

y
y = 1/2
034 3.0 points
For the reaction
NO + O
3
NO
2
+ O
2
Trial [NO]
0
[O
3
]
0
initial rate
1 0.5 0.1 15.0 10
2
2 0.1 0.2 3.0 10
2
3 0.1 0.1 3.0 10
2
Deduce the order with respect to NO, O
3
,
and the rate constant (dimensions left out of
the latter on purpose) based on the above
data.
1. 1; 1; 3 10
2
2. 0; 1; 3 10
3
3. 2; 1; 3 10
4
4. 1; 0; 3 10
2
5. 5; 1; 3 10
5
6. 1; 0; 3 10
3
correct
7. 1; 0; 3 10
1
8. 1; 1; 3 10
4
9. 2; 0; 3 10
4
Explanation:
Rate = k [NO]
x
[O
3
]
y
Rate
1
Rate
3
=
k [NO]
x
1
[O
3
]
y
1
k [NO]
x
3
[O
3
]
y
3
15.0 10
2
3.0 10
2
=

0.5
0.1

x

0.1
0.1

y
5
1
= 5
x
x = 1
Rate
2
Rate
3
=
k [NO]
1
2
[O
3
]
y
2
k [NO]
1
3
[O
3
]
y
3
3.0 10
2
3.0 10
2
=

0.1
0.1

1

0.2
0.1

y
1 = 2
0
= 2
y
y = 0
k =
Rate
[A]
=
3.0 10
2
0.1
= 3 10
3