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September 16, 2014
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric
Science
A recent study of the global carbon cycle offers a new perspective of
Earth's climate records through time. Scientists suggest that one of the
current methods for interpreting ancient changes in the concentration of
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and oceans may need to be re-
evaluated.
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Study on global carbon cycle may require reappraisal of climate events
in Earth's history
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Credit: UM Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science
[Click to enlarge image]
A
This photo shows roots casts observed between 131-132 meters below the mud
pit. These casts are situated 0.2 meters below the subaerial exposure surface (not
shown). Root casts are the darker grey irregular shapes observed in the photo with
round, unfilled pore spaces. Scale bar on the right are 1 cm increments.
recent study of the global carbon cycle offers a new perspective of
Earth's climate records through time. Scientists at the University of
Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
suggest that one of the current methods for interpreting ancient changes in
the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and oceans may need
to be re-evaluated.
The UM Rosenstiel School researchers measured the
abundance of carbon-12 and carbon-13 isotopes in
both the organic matter and carbonate sediments
found in a nearly 700-meter marine sediment core
from the Great Bahama Bank. The analyses showed
a change to lower amounts of the rare isotope of
carbon (carbon-13) in both the organic and inorganic
materials as a result of several periods of sub-aerial
exposure during the Pleistocene ice ages, which took
place over the past two million years.
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"Without geological context, classical interpretations
of this dataset would suggest that there was a
significant change in global carbon cycling, or a very
large change in the concentration of atmospheric CO
2
during the past five-million years," said Amanda
Oehlert, UM Rosenstiel School alumna and lead
author of the study. "These findings show how important it is to understand the
geological context of carbon isotope records."
Scientists refer to the global carbon cycle as the natural processes by which carbon is
cycled through the different components of Earth, including the mantle, atmosphere,
plants, the oceans, and sediments.
The results showed that post-depositional changes in sediments could cause
carbonate and organic values to covary through time, a process that had never been
observed before, and has been considered impossible. The new findings suggest that
similar trends in carbon isotopes values through time do not always provide conclusive
information about the amount of CO
2
-- in the atmosphere or how carbon was cycled
through the atmosphere and oceans.
Current scientific theory suggests that post-depositional physical, chemical, or
biological processes produce contrasting carbonate and organic carbon isotope
records. Currently, carbon isotope records of carbonate and organic material that show
the same trends through time, or those that are highly correlated, are considered
accurate records of changes in the global carbon cycle and concentrations of CO
2
in
the atmosphere and oceans.
"The observation that simultaneous changes in the amount of carbon-13 in carbonate
and organic carbon isotope records can be caused by post-depositional changes is in
direct contrast to current interpretations of these paired records," said Oehlert. "These
findings highlight the importance of understanding where and how the sediments and
organic matter were originally produced, how they were transported to the sea floor,
and what physical, chemical or biological changes may have happened to them after
they were deposited."
Scientists evaluate how the global carbon cycle changes through time by studying
accumulations of carbonate skeletons and organic matter produced by marine
organisms. Understanding the dynamics of the global carbon cycle is fundamental to
estimations of atmospheric CO
2
, and consequently, how Earth's climate may have
changed through geologic history.
Story Source:
The above story is based on materials provided by University of Miami Rosenstiel
School of Marine & Atmospheric Science. Note: Materials may be edited for
content and length.
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More Earth & Climate News
Wednesday, September 17, 2014
Featured Research
from universities, journals, and other organizations
MLA APA Chicago
University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science. "Study
on global carbon cycle may require reappraisal of climate events in Earth's history."
ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 16 September 2014.
<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140916132521.htm>.
Share This
Journal Reference:
1. Amanda M. Oehlert, Peter K. Swart. Interpreting carbonate and organic
carbon isotope covariance in the sedimentary record. Nature
Communications, 2014; 5: 4672 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5672
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