Hypertension in Ayurveda

Hypertension in
Ayurveda
Dr.
Vikas Saroch
Introduction
Burning health problem.
Leading cause of death in developed

countries (70-75% of total deaths).
People turning towards Ayurveda for

solutions.
No direct reference in ayurvedic classical

Wednesday, 25 Hypertension in Ayurveda 22
The Historical Milestones
YEAR SCIENTIST INVENTIONS
A.D -131 G Gallen Described the blood circulation for
the first time
1628 William Harve Invent the stucture of blood
circulation
1773 Stephen Hale Performed that blood raise to a
hight of 8 F-3inches in a glass tube
place in the artery of a horse.
1828 Jean Leonard Measured blood pressure in animals

Marrie Poiseulli directly with sphygmomanometer
1855 Karl Vicroelt Introduction of

sphygmomanometer.
1877 Evoled and Troube Stated the relation between
hypertension and heart enlargement
.
1891 Riva Rocci Devolapment of

sphygmomanometer
1897 Hill and Bernard Devolaped an arm occluding
Wednesday, 25 Hypertension in Ayurveda sphygmomanometer 33
Cont…
YEAR SCIENTIST INVENTIONS
1904 Thredre Janeway Drew attention to stricking
response to Strees, Tobacco
and Anxiety.
1905 Nicdai Kortkov Presented the technique of

ouscultatary measurment of
systolic and diastolic blood
pressure.
1911 Frant First gave the name essential

hypertension.
1944 Smirk Assesed the blood pressure
behaviour in the individual
by measuring based BP .
1964 Gorge Showed the profound fall in

Pickening BP. record during sleep.
Previous work
JAMNAGAR :
Ø Effect of Sirodhara by
Takra in HT (Shukla
Maheshwara 1983 (KC)
Statistically
Ø More in urban population
Ø In 1950 approximately 10-30.9% in

urban to 1-3% in the rural scenario.
Ø Study conducted at Rohtak

(Haryana) shows prevalence of
hypertension
Ø
Contd…
Ø 300 billion-hospital visit
Ø 1/5th above 160/65
Ø Increase in 33% from 1992 studies
Ø 95% primary hypertension
Ø 5% secondary hypertension
Ø Urban India– 60/1000

Hypertension
Ø Persistently high lateral pressure exerted by
blood on arterial vessel walls, while flowing
through it.
Ø According to WHO
Ø If recording above 140/90 mm of Hg is to be
Bloodtaken
Pressureas hypertension.
Systolic Blood Pressure Diastolic Blood Pressure
classification
Normal < 120 mm of Hg <80 mm of Hg
Pre Hypertension 120-139 mm of Hg 80-89 mm of Hg
Stage 1 140-159 mm of Hg 90-99 mm Of Hg
Stage 2  160 mm of Hg  100 mm of Hg

Different correlations and
Ø Terminologies
Raktagata vata : Prof.
Yadunandana
Upadhyaya.
Ø Siragata vata :
Prof.G.N.Chaturvedi
Ø Dhamani
Wednesday, 25
pratichaya :
Hypertension in Ayurveda
Vaidya 99
Contd….
Ø Dhamani prapoornata : Vaidya
G.N.Saraswathi
Ø Uccha rakta nipeedana :

Acharya Vidhyadar Shukla
Ø Rakta sammardhana :
Prof.G.N.Chaturvedi
HT in terms of Ayurveda
Ø Raktagata Vata C.S. Chi 28/31, A.H.Ni
15/10
Ø Siragata Vata C.S. Chi 28/36 , A.H.Ni
15/13
Ø Pittavrata Vata C.Chi 28/60

SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF
AAHARA RASA
CIRCULATION IN THE BODY
RASARAKTHA

Wednesday, 25
MOVES
Hypertension in Ayurveda 1212
Factors Regulating Normal
BP
Ø Prana vayu, Vyana vayu, Apana vayu, Sadhaka pitta,
Avalambaka kapha, Rasa dhatu and Ojas
Ø All considered to be situated in Hridaya
Ø Help in regulation and function of Hridaya

Hridaya (Heart)
Ø Combination of three Dhatus Hri,Da
and In (Ya)
Ø Explain about functions
Ø Aharana(receives) :Superior ,
Inferior venacava bring Rasa- Rakta
from the body to right Atrium.
Ø Dana(gives) :Expulsion of Rasa-
Rakta from left ventricle to the body
through Aorta
Ø Ayana(movement)
Wednesday, 25Hypertension in Ayurveda 1414
Ø Formation of heart of a foetus occurs
by the essence of Kapha
Ø Muscles of the heart nourished by the
essence of Kapha (Bala) and Asruk
(Sr.Sa.4/31)
Ø Stronger and work involuntary
throughout the life.
Ø Considered as a ”Chetana
Sthana”(Sr.Sa4/34).
Ø Detail description of the physiology
of the
Wednesday, 25 heartHypertension
is not found in
in Ayurveda 1515
Role of Vata
Ø Prana Vayu :(A.H.S.12/4)
Ø Vyana Vayu :(A.H.S.12/7)
Ø Apana Vayu : (A.H.S.12/9)

Role of Pita
Ø Sadhaka Pitta
Ø Location : Hridaya
Ø Functions : Responsible for Budhi,
Medha, Utsaha, Abhimana (Sha.
Su.7;Sr.Su.21;A.S.Su.20).
Saurya,
Ø Wednesday,
25 Bhaya,Krodha,Harsha,Moha
Contd….
Ø Helps to keep away Tama so
called as sadhaka
Ø Sadhaka pitta is difficult to
explain in terms of modern
physiology
Ø Functions of Adrenaline
Ø Affects the ANS , heart rate
Contd…
Ø Adrenal gland stimulated by Fear,
Anger etc.
Ø Fear, gallantry etc. of Sadhaka pitta

mentioned by Cakrapani
Ø Important factor in the normal

physiology of blood pressure
Role of Kapha
Ø Avalambaka Kapha
Ø Heart has been described

(A.H.Su.12/15)
Ø Does avalamban (strengthen) of

hridaya with ahara rasa and rasadhatu
Ø normal rhythmicity, conductivity,

excitability, contractility,
Wednesday, 25 Hypertension in Ayurveda tone 2020
Contd…
Ø Keeps heart in a healthy state
Ø Enhances its working capacity to
perform its continuous pumping
action.
Ø Regulates the normal blood pressure

in the Dhamanies (vessels)
Role of Oja
Ø Oja has been mentioned also under
hridayastha – bhava (situated in
hridaya) (Cha.Su.17/74).
Ø Bala is the function of Oja
Ø Types :- Para and Apara.

Contd….
Ø Seat of Para Oja is Hridaya ,
Asthabindu Pramana
Ø Apara situated throughout the
body and Ardha anjali Pramana
Ø In the body through the entire life
span and itsHypertension

Wednesday, 25 destruction in Ayurveda leads to 2323
Contd..
Ø Important functions of Oja :
Ø Gives nourishment to each and every
cell of the body.
Ø Anabolic effect over dhatus like mamsa
etc. by providing support and strength
Ø All vital functions

Wednesday, 25 i.e.
Hypertension in physical, mental
Ayurveda 2424
Ø Contd… &
Helps the Jnanedriyas
Karmendriyas to perform their
functions much more efficiently.
Ø Basic factor supporting Prana (life),
hence, called “Pranayatana”.
Ø It gives stability
Wednesday, 25 ininall
Hypertension situations like2525
Ayurveda
Effect of Oja on Blood
Ø
Pressure
Also responsible
Ø Maintenance of normal blood pressure
Ø Any pathological condition of Oja

creates Murchha, Moha, Glani and
Krishta (Sr.Su.15/24)
Ø Also mentioned in the features

Rasadhatu
Ø Nirukti itself indicates the property of
continuous motion (Sr.Su.14/13)
Ø Prinana karma
Ø Circulates through out the body and
seat is believed to be hridaya
(Cha.Vi.5/7)
Contd…
Ø Any pathology arises in the rasadhatu or hridaya
directly affect rasa resulting change of blood
pressure.
Ø Anxiety, Anger, Sorrow affect the formation of
rasadhatu
Ø Fluctuatate the blood pressure

Rakta Dhatu
Ø Mentioned as a “Jiva” (life)
Ø Loss of blood causes threat to
life(Sr.Su.14/44)
Ø Jivana karma
Ø Visrata (fleshy
Wednesday, 25 odour),
Hypertension in AyurvedaDravata 2929
Effect of Raktadhatu on
Ø Rasa–Rakta samvahana
Blood occurs
Pressure
simultaneously
Ø Effect of raktadhatu and rasadhatu is
same
Ø For normal blood pressure, normalcy
of raktadhatuHypertension
Wednesday, 25
in quantity
in Ayurveda
as well as3030
in
Contd…
Ø Hridaya and its Prana &
Vyanavayu, Sadhaka Pitta,
Avalambka Kapha, Oja, Rasa, Rakta
Dhatus and its Srotas
Ø Help to maintain the physiology of

Nidana / Etiology
Ø Exact etiology is not yet clear
Ø Pre–disposing factors
Ø Inheritance ( Genetic Influences )
Ø Age (Vaya):40 years and 60 or 70
(Sr.Su.14/19)Hypertension in Ayurveda
Wednesday, 25 3232
Contd …..
Ø Sex (Linga): Lower in female upto
40 years
Ø Constitution (Samhanana): Krisha
(Asthenic), sthula (Obese).
Ø Temperament and Stress
(Manodosha)
Ø Excessive Alcohol Intake :
ü Raise blood pressure acutely by a
vasoconstrictor, opposite to the
qualities of Oja
Ø Smoking
ü Not directly related to HT

Suggestive Signs /
Ø Symptoms
Shiroruk (Headache)
Ø Bhrama (Giddiness)
Ø Nidranasa (Insomnia)
Ø Smritihrasa (Impaired Memory)
Ø Alpadharanshakti (Lack of
Concentration)
Contd..
Ø Murchha and Sanyasa (Syncope and
Coma)
Ø Akshepa (Convulsion)
Ø Ati-Daurbalya (Weakness)
Ø Klama (Easy Fatigability)

1) Shiroruk
(Headache) 2)Bhrama (Giddiness)
Ø Throbbing type Ø It should be
distinguished
headache
from vertigo, which is
Ø Shula can not occur more feeling of
unsteadiness
without vitiation of
Ø Bhrama is one of the 80
vata
types of nanatmaja
diseases of vata.
Ø Prakupita vatadi
Ø Vata with excessive raja
dosha causes dushti (manasa guna) causes
of rakta bhrama.
Wednesday,
Ø Localised in siraHypertension in Ayurveda
25 3737
3) Nidranasa (Insomnia) 4) Smritihrasa
(Impaired Memory)
Vitiated vata, pitta, Udana vayu, mana and

manasa santapa and sadhaka pitta are
kshaya are responsible functional units
for nidranasa concerned with memory.
(Sr.Sa.4/42) Dushti of manovaha

srotas causes symptom of
Result of mental
smritihrasa in
strains like anxiety,
hypertension
stress, drug abuse etc;
opines modern science
5) Alpadharanshakti 6) Pada-Sotha (Pedal-
(Lack of Oedema)
Concentration)
Ø Considered as the Ø Pedal oedema or swollen
ankles are seen in HT
factor of mana and
generally in presence of
lack of concentration
cardiac impairment.
occurs when mana is
involved by raja. Ø The restrained vayu create
shotha at the place of
Ø In this way it may be obstruction (Cha.Ci.12/8).
said that lack of
concentration occurs
when manovaha
sroto-dushti
Ø Doshas: Ø Agni:
Samprapthi Gahtakas
Tridosha especially Dhatvagni
Vata. Ø Ama:
Ø Dushyas:
Dhatvagni mandya
Rasa, Rakta and janya
Medas. Ø Sanchar stana:

UPADRAVA /COMPLICATIONS
Ø Cardiac ü Heart
complications ü Arteries
Ø Neurological ü Brain
complications
ü Kidneys
Ø Renal
ü Retina
complications
Involving
Wednesday, 25
the target
Conclusion
No direct mention of Hypertension in
Ayurvedic classics.
Prevailing socio economic, lifestyle

conditions may have resulted in fewer
cases.
Massive changes in lifestyle have

increased
Wednesday, 25 the Hypertension
number of cases.
in Ayurveda 4242
Cont…
Need to find interpret the condition, using

Ayurvedic parameters.
This is possible and successful treatment
can be provided.
Lateral thinking needs to be applied.
Keen observation, proper diagnosis, self
confidence qualities of Vaidyas essential
in ensuring control of hypertension

References
Ø Astanga Hridaya.
Ø Astanga Sangraha
Ø Charaka Samhita
Ø Subrahmanya Sastry.V.V., Tridosha theory
Ø Sushruta Samhita
Ø www.scribd.com
Ø www.technoayuvedawordpress.com

THANK YOU…..

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Hypertension in

Leading cause of death in developed

People turning towards Ayurveda for

No direct reference in ayurvedic classical

1828 Jean Leonard Measured blood pressure in animals

1855 Karl Vicroelt Introduction of

1891 Riva Rocci Devolapment of

1905 Nicdai Kortkov Presented the technique of

1911 Frant First gave the name essential

1964 Gorge Showed the profound fall in

Ø In 1950 approximately 10-30.9% in

Ø Study conducted at Rohtak

Ø 1/5th above 160/65

Ø Increase in 33% from 1992 studies

Ø 95% primary hypertension

Ø Urban India– 60/1000

Pre Hypertension 120-139 mm of Hg 80-89 mm of Hg

Stage 1 140-159 mm of Hg 90-99 mm Of Hg

Stage 2  160 mm of Hg  100 mm of Hg

Ø Uccha rakta nipeedana :

Ø Siragata Vata C.S. Chi 28/36 , A.H.Ni

Ø Pittavrata Vata C.Chi 28/60

Wednesday, 25 Hypertension in Ayurveda 1111

Avalambaka kapha, Rasa dhatu and Ojas

Ø All considered to be situated in Hridaya

Ø Help in regulation and function of Hridaya

Wednesday, 25 Hypertension in Ayurveda 1313

Ø Vyana Vayu :(A.H.S.12/7)

Ø Apana Vayu : (A.H.S.12/9)

Wednesday, 25 Hypertension in Ayurveda 1616

Ø Functions : Responsible for Budhi,

Medha, Utsaha, Abhimana (Sha.

Ø Fear, gallantry etc. of Sadhaka pitta

Ø Important factor in the normal

Ø Heart has been described

Ø Does avalamban (strengthen) of

Ø normal rhythmicity, conductivity,

Ø Enhances its working capacity to

perform its continuous pumping

Ø Regulates the normal blood pressure

hridayastha – bhava (situated in

Ø Bala is the function of Oja

Ø Types :- Para and Apara.

Wednesday, 25 Hypertension in Ayurveda 2222

Ø Apara situated throughout the

body and Ardha anjali Pramana

Ø In the body through the entire life

span and itsHypertension

Ø Gives nourishment to each and every

cell of the body.

Ø Anabolic effect over dhatus like mamsa

etc. by providing support and strength

Ø All vital functions

Karmendriyas to perform their

functions much more efficiently.

Ø Basic factor supporting Prana (life),

hence, called “Pranayatana”.

Ø Maintenance of normal blood pressure

Ø Any pathological condition of Oja

Ø Also mentioned in the features

continuous motion (Sr.Su.14/13)

Ø Circulates through out the body and

seat is believed to be hridaya