Overview & Need of HTLS Conductors for

Transmission Network
Overview & Need of HTLS Conductors for
Transmission Network
BY:
Mata Prasad
FNAE
Role of Electricity
Electricity - A vital Part of daily life
Electricity taken for granted
Complete darkness without
Electricity in life.
No Electricity Life comes to a
Standstill.
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Constraints in the Indian Power Sector
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Catering
to present
load
demand
Reliability
of Existing
Lines
ROW
Economics
Erection of
New Lines
Loading of
Existing
lines
Solutions to the Constraints of Indian
Power Sector
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Re-Tensioning of Old Lines
Re-Conductoring of lines with high loadability limits
over existing Towers
Intelligent Solutions for Optimal use of Existing ROW
Use of High Ampacity, Low sag Conductors HTLS
Technology
Need of HTLS Conductors
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Overloading of Power Network lead to the evolution of new high
Ampacity conductors
Conductor manufacturing companies in Canada, Japan, Europe & USA
explored the invention of high ampacity conductors
Introduction of High Temperature Low-Loss & Sag Conductors in 1970-
75 at Japan
Application of HTLS conductors :
Re-Tensioning Lines with increased Sag due to Cyclic Loading
Re-Conductoring - Same Voltage level & Tower Profile
Green Field Projects Increased Loadability
HTLS Conductors Group
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HTLS
Gap Type
Conductors
Invar Type
Conductors
Composite
Carbon Core
conductors
ACSS/TW
ACSS Type Conductors
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Construction:
- Core made up of Galfan Coated Steel wire/Al. Clad Steel wire/
- Outer Layer Comprises of 1350 Annealed Aluminium Wires
Features:
- Suitable for re-conductoring & new line solutions
- Ampacity of the line gets enhanced
- No Modifications or extension of tower required
- Low Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion
- Operating Temperatures up to 250 Deg C
- High strength steel core carries load, hence Low Sag
- Increased Conductivity 63% (IACS)
- Low losses
- Better Self Damping Characteristics
Gap Type Conductors
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Construction:
- Core made up of Galfan Steel or high Strength Galvanized Steel
- Outer layer formed of concentric layers of Super Thermal Resistant
Trapezoidal Aluminium Alloy Strands
- Gap filled with Grease
Features:
- Low Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion
- Operating Temperatures up to 200 Deg C
- Conductor strung by tensioning steel core, Hence low sag
- Line capacity can be increased by 50% to 100%
- Excellent Solution for reconductoring
INVAR Type Conductors
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Construction:
- Core made up of Iron (36% Ni in steel) Nickel alloy
- Outer layer formed of concentric layers of aluminium Strands of
thermal resistant aluminium alloy (with Zirconium)
Features:
- Most preferred for re-conductoring solutions
- Ampacity of the line gets enhanced
- No Modifications or extension of tower required
- Low Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion
- Operating Temperatures up to 200-230 Deg C
- Low sag compared to conventional ACSR
Carbon Composite Conductors
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Construction:
- Core made of High Strength glass fiber & Composite carbon
- Outer layer formed of trapezoidal shaped aluminium strands
Features:
- High Ampacity low loss Hybrid Conductors
- Resistant to environment degradation
- Reduce line losses up to 40%
- 28% more quantum of aluminium
- 25% stronger & 60% lighter steel core, hence
fewer or lower towers
- Operation temperature up to 180 Deg C
- Less Coefficient of Thermal Expansion
- Hence Low sag at high temperatures
- Best suitable for re-conductoring & New line applications
High strength to
weight ratio
Reduced Sag
Lowest coefficient of
thermal expansion
Improved Self-Damping
characteristics
Resistant to Aeolian
Vibration
Lowest possible
electrical resistance
Greater conductivity
Rated Max. Cont.
Operating Temp.
180
0
C
Reduced Line
Losses
Lower Overall
Lifecycle Costs
Increased Electrical
Capacity
Decreased Structural
Cost
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Composite Carbon
Core Conductor
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Comparison Between Temperature & Sag
Composite Carbon Core Conductor Exceptional
High Temperature, Low Sag Capability
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Lower I
2
R Power Losses
Composite Carbon Core Conductor has
Lowest I
2
R Power Losses
Composite Carbon Core Conductor greater
aluminum content enables higher
conductivity and lower resistance properties,
lowering I
2
R power losses.
Concept of Uprating of Existing Lines
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Alternatives considered for increasing the Ampacity of Old lines:
Re-tensioning of old lines with certain limitations
Replacing Old Conductor by HTLS
Adding new circuit with conventional conductors of higher sizes or with
HTLS
Adding higher Capacity Conductor depending upon the strength of towers
Optimum solution for uprating depends upon :
Cost Economics
Ease of stringing in hot line or live line conditions
In case of D/C line, reconductoring could be done with shut down of one
circuit & the second circuit continues to supply the load
The main purpose of HTLS Conductors is to enhance & improve the
thermal rating of a transmission line & at the same time ensure the
stability being kept within limits.
Advantages of Uprating/Reconductoring with
HTLS Conductors
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Increased loadability such that the lines will no longer be thermally
limited.
Proper Correction through effective reactive compensation to avoid
depressed voltage dip.
Even though the loadability of line be increased by two times, the
probability of load throw-off from the line due to outage or any
reason, would require the remaining transmission lines in the
network to withstand the loss of the line with HTLS Conductors.
N-1 & N-2 Contingencies are comfortably met with the use of HTLS
Conductors when the adjacent lines are out.
Twin Bundle Conventional Conductor v/s
Single HTLS Conductor
Comparison Sheet of Moose ACSR v/s HTLS
equivalent Moose Options
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Role of Reactive Power Support for
Uprating Projects
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Reactive Power Consumption would increase to four times in
HTLS line of more than 200 Km.
Cost of Provision of additional Reactive Power must be
evaluated while adopting HTLS conductors.
For longer lines more than 300 kms, unswitched shunt reactors
are applied which brings own the SIL limit of the line to about
70 %.
SIL PPT Slides.
Graphical Representation of Resistance,
Reactance and Impedance of conventional ACSR
Moose Conductor and other HTLS option
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
ACSR TACSR ACSS/TW Invar Type Gap Type Composite Core Type
Resistance, R Reactance, XL-XC Impedance,Z Impedance,Z (Represented through line)
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Presence of HTLS Culture in India
Strengthening of Transmission system
with 220 kV line with INVAR Conductor
PGCIL, Gurgaon
132 kV Pirana ISRO Sabarmati Line
at Ahmedabad with Gap Conductor
Torrent Power
Multi Circuit Portion of 400 kV Gaya
Maithon / Koderma - Gaya Line
PGCIL
Reconductoring 37 kms of 132 kV line
with ACCC Casablanca
OPTCL, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
132 kV Vinzol Pirana Line with ACCC
Conductor
Torrent Power
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Coordination of HTLS Lines when
connected to Substations
Large , Bulky & heavy H/W of HTLS
If 220 kV bus bars are rated for say 1600 amperes
then the placement of transformer bays vis-a- vis the
line bays alternately dispersed could decide as to
how much power can be allowed to flow over the
bus bars depending upon the diversity.
This could be quite crucial as switchgear equipment
are normally rated for normal current of 1600 Amps
and short circuit rating of 40 KA for new substations
while bus bars should be much higher with at least
25%margin.
Potential Projects for Uprating
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Short Overloaded inter-state, inter/intra regional lines
Ring Mains around Metropolitan Cities
Conversion of Quad Bundle AC Lines to Twin Bundle Lines with HTLS
Uprating of 132 kV & 220 kV Grid radial & Grid Connected lines to
increase Ampacity so as to meet the growing demand
Using Bundled HTLS Conductors on HVDC Lines can be more
economical due to reduced losses
Optimizing the diameter & cross section of HTLS Conductors with a
viewto optimize the Voltage Gradient & to access the corona
Studies of Life Cycle Costs & Cost Benefit Analysis for HTLS Pay Back
period of 10 years shall be considered attractive
400 kV & 220 kV Lines commissioned before 1980 by State & Central
Sector need to be examined for switching over to HTLS
Innumerable Lines under Private Sector which could be the potential
candidates for HTLS
Acknowledgement
The paper has drawn information from published
literature, technical deliberations with the experts in
IEEE, IEE, EPRI, CTC, J-Power and many other foreign
resources and above all from APAR, Sterlite, Torrent, Tata
Power, PGCIL and persuasion as also support from Mr.
Chaitanya Desai of APAR are acknowledged with
gratitude.
The encouragement and support from Mr. Rajesh
Jain, Shailesh Jain and Mr. Deepak Khandelwal has been
very timely and effective.
The paper has drawn information from published
literature, technical deliberations with the experts in
IEEE, IEE, EPRI, CTC, J-Power and many other foreign
resources and above all from APAR, Sterlite, Torrent, Tata
Power, PGCIL and persuasion as also support from Mr.
Chaitanya Desai of APAR are acknowledged with
gratitude.
The encouragement and support from Mr. Rajesh
Jain, Shailesh Jain and Mr. Deepak Khandelwal has been
very timely and effective.
Conclusion
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Uprating & increasing the Ampacities of the lines in the existing ROW
must be taken up.
It is proposed to create a High Power Working Group Consisting of CEA
Members, Central & State Utilities, Members from Private
Sector, Consultants and professionals from IITs to study the technical
feasibilities of projects including the life cycle costs and cost benefit
analysis & also to identify the probable Potential Projects of Uprating the
Ampacities & frame the time schedule.
Uprating & increasing the Ampacities of the lines in the existing ROW
must be taken up.
It is proposed to create a High Power Working Group Consisting of CEA
Members, Central & State Utilities, Members from Private
Sector, Consultants and professionals from IITs to study the technical
feasibilities of projects including the life cycle costs and cost benefit
analysis & also to identify the probable Potential Projects of Uprating the
Ampacities & frame the time schedule.
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Thank You Thank You