Solved Examples of Work Energy Power

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Solved Examples of Work, Power and Energy
Example 1:
The displacement x of a particle moving in one dimension, under the action of a constant
force, is related to time t by the equation
t = x + 3
where x is in meter and t in second.
(a) Plot the variation of displacement with time.
(b) Find the displacement of a particle when its velocity is zero.
(c) Find the work done by the force in the first 6 seconds.
Solution :
It is given that
t = x + 3
=> x = (t - 3)
2
...... (A)
So the displacement of particle is varying with time and the variation is parabolic in nature,
as shown in Fig. 1.16.

As at t = 0 sec., x = 9 m
And t = 3 sec., x = 0 ,

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If we analyze above graph we can say (i) the minimum displacement is zero at t = 3 sec.
(ii) the displacement of particle first decreases and then increases. Ans.
Now we have to find the displacement of a particle when its velocity is zero i.e. dx/dt = 0
So, we can differentiate Eq. (A) with respect to time to get dx/dt and then put dx/dt = 0 to
get the time at which velocity is zero.
dx/dt = 2(t-3) = 0 => t = 3 sec.
Hence at t = 3 sec., the displacement of particle is zero, using Eq. (A).
We can find the displacement using the plot. Here we have to find displacement of particle
when velocity is zero i.e. dx/dt = 0 so that slope of tangent to the curve at that time should
be zero. It is clear from the curve that it is at t = 3 sec. At this time the displacement of
particle is zero.
To find the work done in the first 6 sec., we can see work energy theorem. According to this
theorem,
Work done = Change in K.E.
W = K = 1/2mv
f
2
- 1/2mv
i
2

=> W = 1/2m(v
f
2
- v
i
2
)
Where m is the mass of particle; v
f
is the velocity when t = 6 sec; and v
i
is the velocity
when t = 0 sec.
As velocity of particle
dx/dt = 2(t - 3)
.. vf = 2(6 - 3) = 6m/s
vi = -6m/s.
.. W = K = 1/2 m(36-36) = 0
We can do this part by another method. As work done is defined as W = . .
We can see the final position of particle is same as the initial position. Hence displacement
of particle is zero. So the work done by the force acting on particle in the first 6 sec. is zero.

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Example 2:
A locomotive of mass m starts moving so that its velocity varies according to the law v =
as, where a is a constant, and s is the distance covered. Find the total work performed by
all the forces which are acting on the locomotive during the first t seconds after the
beginning of motion.
Solution :
Method I.
Here it is given that
v = as, we can differentiate this equation w.r.t. time 't'
dv/dt = a/2s ds/dt = a/2s * a/s = a
2
/2(.v = ds/dt)
Acceleration of locomotive is constant. Hence resultant force acting on the particle is ma
2
/2
which is constant.
Now the work performed by all the forces acting on the locomotive.
dW = .d
As the displacement is along the direction of force and the magnitude of displacement is
given by (1/2)(a
2
/2)(t
2
) during the first t seconds after the beginning of motion. So, the
total work performed is given by
W = Fs = ma
2
/2 * 1/4 a
2
t
2

W = 1/8 ma
4
t
2
Ans.
Method II :
We can do the above problem using work-energy theorem. According to work-energy
theorem,
Work done = Change in K.E. (K) by all forces (W).
As locomotive starts from rest, so initial K.E. = 0 and the K.E. after time 't' is 1/2 mv
2
,
where v is the velocity of locomotive at time 't'.
.. W = 1/2 mv
2
- 0 = 1/2 mv
2
.

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We have seen in Method I, the force and hence acceleration acting on the particle is
constant.
Hence velocity at time 't' is
v = (a
2
/2) t
.. W = 1/2 ma
2
/4 t
2
= ma
4
t
2
/8 Ans.
Example 3:
A chain is held on a frictionless table with (1/n)th of its length hanging over the edge.
If the chain has a length 'L' and a mass 'M', how much work is required to pull the hanging
part back on the table?
Solution :
As the table is frictionless, so the only force against which we have to perform work, to pull
the hanging part back on the table, is gravity take mass per unit length of chain is M/L. At
any instant, let us consider the hanging length of chain y.

So the mass of hanging chain = M/L y.
The work done to pull this part by a small distance dy is given by
dW = .d
Here F is gravity force and the displacement of chain is opposite to the direction of F. Hence
dW = -M/L ygdy => W = -M/L g
L/n
0
ydy
Example 4:
A 0.5 kg block slides from the point A on a horizontal track with an initial speed 3 m/s
towards a weightless horizontal spring of length 1 m and force constant 2 N/m. The part AB
of the track is frictionless and the part BC has the coefficient of static and kinetic friction as

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0.22 and 0.20 respectively. If the distance AB and BD are 2 m and 2.14 m respectively find
the total distance through which the block moves before it comes to rest completely [g = 10
m/s
2
].

Solution :
As the track AB is frictionless, the block moves this distance (=2m) without loss in its
initial K.E. = 1/2mv
2
= 1/2 * 0.5 3
2
= 2.25J. In the path BD (=2.14)m as friction is present,
so work done against friction =
k
mg = 0.2 0.5 10 2.14 = 2.14 J.
So at D the K.E. of the block is = 2.25 - 2.14 = 0.11 J
Now if the spring is compressed by x,
0.11 = 1/2 k x
2
+
k
mgx
i.e. 0.11 = 1/2 2 x
2
+ 0.2 0.5 10x,
or x
2
+ x - 0.11 = 0.
Which on solution gives x = 0.1 m (as x = -1.1 is inadmissible).
Example 5.
A body of mass 'm' starts from rest and slides down an inclined plane of height h, and
angle .
(i) What is the velocity of the body when it reaches the bottom if the incline is smooth.
(ii) What is the velocity of the body when it reaches the bottom if the coefficient of friction
between the body and the incline is
j
.

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Solution :
Case I. Word one by the forces N and, which are normal to the surface, is zero.
Work done by the force mg sin = (mg sin ) AB,
= mg sin h/sin,
= mgh.
[Note : This the same work done by gravity on the body if the body is displaced through
BC].
Work = change in kinetic energy
mgh = 1/2 mv
2
=> v = 2gh

Case 2. Force of friction f = mg cos
Resultant force acting on the body
= mg sin - mg cos
Work done by the resultant force

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= (mg sin - mg cos ) AB,
= mg (sin - cos )(h/sin ),
= mgh (1 - cot )
work = change in kinetic energy
mgh (1 - cot ) = (1/2) mv
2
, => v = (2gh(1-cot))
Example 6.
A block slides down from the top of an incline plane of length 50 cm. The first 20 cm of the
plane is smooth and next 30 cm is rough. The block is released from rest and again comes
to rest at the bottom of the plane. If the plane is inclined at 30
o
to the horizontal, find the
coefficient of friction on the rough portion.

Solution :
Let the smooth portion be AB = 20 cm and the length of the rough portion = 30 cm. As the
block slides down, loss in potential energy
= work done against friction.
N = mg Cos 30
Friction force = N
= mg cos 30
Hence
mg 50 sin 30 = (mg cos 30) 30
m = 50/30 tan 30 = 5/33

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Example 7.
A mass m slides down a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal. Find the distance that
it will move on the horizontal plane after covering the entire length of the inclined plane.
The height of the inclined plane is h and the coefficient of friction over both surface is .

Solution :
Block starts from A and comes to rest again at C. Along the path, loss in potential energy =
work done against friction.
mgh = WAB + WBC = mg cos x. h/sin + mg l
h = h/tan + v l
or l = h/ - h/tan
Example 8:
In figures given below AC, DG and GF are fixed inclined plane
BC = EF = x and AB = DE = y. A small block of mass m is released from rest from the point
A. It slides down AC and reaches C with a speed v
C
. The same block is released from rest
from the point D if slides down DGF and reaches the point F wit speed v
F
. The coefficient of
kinetic of kinetic friction between the block and both the surface AC and DGF are .
Calculate v
C
and v
F
.

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Solution :
(a) ME at A = mgy + 0 if v
C
is the velocity at C,
ME at C = 0 + (1/2) mv
2
c.
So Loss in Me = mgy - (1/2) mv
2
c.
This loss in ME is equal to the to work done against friction i.e.
mgy - (1/2)mv
2
c = mg cos s,
(1/2)mv
2
c = mgy - mgx [as cos = x/s]
or v
C
= 2g(y-x) ...... (1)
(b) In this situation:
mgy(1/2)mv
F
2
= f
1
s
1
+ f
2
s
2

or (1/2)mv
F
2
= mgy - mg coss
1
+ mg cos s
2

or (1/2)v
F
2
= g[y - x
1
- x
2
] [as cos = (x
1
s
1
) and cos r = (x
2
/s
2
)]
or v
F
= 2g(y-x) = v
C
[as x
1
+ x
2
= x] ...... (2)
Example 9:
A particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle of radius r, under a centripetal
force equal to (-k/r
2
)where k is constant. What is the total energy of the particle?
Solution:
As centripetal force is mv
2
/r hence mv
2
/r = k/r
2

.. K.E. of particle = 1/2mv
2
= K/2r.
The force acting on a particle is conservative in nature hence we can find potential
energy of the particle as
F = -dv/dt => dv = -Fdr
=> U =
r
Fdr
r
K/r
2
dr

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U = -K/r
.. Total energy of particle = K.E. + P.E. = -K/r + K/2r = -K/2r.
Example 10:
A 1 kg block collides with a horizontal light spring of force constant 2 N/m. The block
compresses the spring m from rest position. Assuming that the coefficient of kinetic friction
between the block and the horizontal surface is 0.25. What was the speed of the block at
the instant of collision.
Solution:
When the block compresses the spring let x be the amount of compression.
i.e. x = 4m
Let v be the velocity of the lock when it collides with the spring.
Loss in K.E. of the block = gain in elastic potential energy + work done against friction
(1/2)mv
2
- 0 = (1/2)kx
2
+ mgx,
(1/2)mv
2
= (1/2) 2 42 + 0.25 1 9.8 4,
v2 = 2 42 + 0.25 1 9.8 4 2 = 51.6,
v = 51.6 = 7.2m/sec
Example 11:
A string with one end fixed on a rigid wall passing over a fixed frictionless pulley at a
distance of 2 m from the wall has a point mass M = 2kg attached to it at a distance of 1 m
from the wall. A mass m = 0.5 kg attached at the free end is held at rest so that the string
is horizontal between the wall and the pulley and vertical beyond the pulley. What will be
the speed with which the mass M will hit the wall when mass m is released. (g = 9.8 m/s
2
)
Solution:
Let the mass M strikes the wall at D, so that string supporting the mass m is pulled up by a
height h given by

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h = DC - BC = (AD
2
+ AC
2
) - AD [as AD = AB = BC = 1m].
i.e., h = 1
2
+2
2
- 1 = 5 - 1 = 11.236m
Now as the string is inextensible the speed of both the masses will be equal at all times (but
will be different at different time). If V is the speed when M hits the wall, gain in K.E. of the
system will be 1/2 (M+V)
2
, gain in P.E. mgh and loss in P.E. Mg AD = Mg (as AD = 1 m).
So by conservation of mechanical energy:
1/2(M + m)V
2
+ mgh = Mg 1
(Gain in Mechanical energy) = (loss in ME)
i.e., 1/2 (2 + 0.5)V
2
= 9.8(2 - 0.5 1.236)
V = ((9.81.382)/1.25) 3.3 m/s

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