Dr.

Subrata Acharya Towson University

1

COSC 336 Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis, Fall 2014
Assignment 1
Release date: September 10, 2014
Due date: September 17, 2014, 12:00pm EST

Question 1
Define and explain mathematically the relevance of the three asymptotic notations for Best-
Case, Expected (Average) case, and Worst-case running time.


















Question 2 Give the worst case running time of the following code?
a)
Input: A, n
curMax = A[0][0]
for i=0 i<n i++
for j=0 j<n j++
if curMax < A[i][j]
curMax = A[i][j]
return curMax



Best Case ( or Omega) i s a r unni ng t i me f or whi ch t he set of al l pos-
si bl e r unni ng t i mes ( whi ch we can cal l c) i s bound f r omt he bot t omby
t he f unct i on of ( g( n) ) . No f unct i ons of r un- t i me can exi st l ower t han
, def i ni ng i t as t he absol ut e f ast est r un- t i me.
Worst Case ( or O) i s a r unni ng t i me f or whi ch t he set of al l possi bl e
r unni ng t i mes ( whi ch we can cal l c) i s bound f r omt he t op by t he f unct i on
of O( g( n) ) . No f unct i on of r un- t i me can exi st hi gher t han O, def i ni ng i t
as t he absol ut e sl owest r un- t i me.
Average case ( or Thet a) i s a f unct i on t hat i s def i ned as t he case when t he
wor se case r unni ng t i me and t he best case r unni ng t i me ar e equi val ent .
Ther e ar e 2 nest ed f or l oops: O(n^2)
James Ruth
9/17/2014
Const ant
Const ant
N ( f or )
N ( f or )
Const ant
Const ant
Const ant
Dr. Subrata Acharya Towson University
2

b)
procedure Sort( A : list of sortable items ) defined as:
do
swapped := false
for each i in 0 to length(A) - 2 inclusive do:
if A[i] > A[i+1] then
swap( A[i], A[i+1] )
swapped := true
end if
end for
while swapped
end procedure











Question 3 - Determine the Big-Oh for the following:


1. 41n
4
+ 7n



2. 4nlogn + 12nlogn - 100



3. n
e
+ n
5
logn + c
n









One f or l oop, and one do- whi l e l oop: O(N^2)
n^4 is a higher polynomial
Assuming multi-core: O(n^4)
nlogn is the highest function present
Assuming multi-core: O(nlogn)
Exponential > Polynomial > Log
Assuming multi-cre: O(c^n)
James Ruth
9/17/2014
N ( do- whi l e)
Const ant
N ( f or )
Const ant
Const ant
Const ant
Const ant
Const ant
Dr. Subrata Acharya Towson University
3

Question 4
Write down the pseudo-code for Fibonacci sequence and give the Big-Oh bound for your
algorithm.














Question 5
What can you say about the input size and the algorithm type for the best-case (Omega) and
worst-case (Big-Oh) bounds?











Question 6
Give an example and explain where you can have different worst case bounds for the same
problem. Explain.






Maxi mumcont i guous subsequence sums can have di f f er ent bounds
because t her e ar e mul t i pl e sol ut i ons f or t he same pr obl em,
wi t h some sol ut i ons havi ng an O( n^3) and some havi ng an O( n) .
Thi s i s because of t he di f f er ent sol ut i ons i nvol vi ng di f f er i ng
amount s of nest ed f or l oops. Each compl et es t he t ask, but wi t h
t he mor e l oops i nvol ved, t he mor e cycl es needed t o get t hr ough
each t ask.
Input: n = sequence l i mi t
Variables:
num1 = 0
num2 = 1
temp = 0
r ead n
i f n = 1 pr i nt 0
i f n = 2 pr i nt 1
el se
pr i nt num1
pr i nt num2
f or ( i = 3, i <=n, i ++)
t emp = num1+num2
pr i nt num3
num1 = num2
num2 = num3
end f or
Onl y 1 f or - l oop: O(n)
Bi g- Oh bounds al ways i nt er pr et t he i nput si ze as t he absol ut e maxi mum. For
i nst ance, i f a f unct i on exi t s af t er f i ndi ng a number , Bi g- Oh
assumes t he number i s i n t he ver y l ast pl ace. Most al gor i t hmt ypes ar e
j udged on t hei r Bi g- Oh val ue, and not t hei r Omega.
Occasi onal l y, an Omega bound i s eval uat ed, i n whi ch case t he i nput si ze
woul d be t heor et i cal l y t he absol ut e mi ni mumneeded f or t he al gor i t hmt o
wor k. Thi s i s done t o check i f t he Omega i s i n f act equal t o t he Bi g- Oh.
James Ruth
9/17/2014
Dr. Subrata Acharya Towson University
4

Question 7
Arrange the following in decreasing order of running time.
a. N
b. log N
c. 10
d. log c
e. N
2

f. c
N

g. N
N

h. N!
i. e
5









Question 8
Write a pseudo code for an O (n
5
log
2
n) algorithm.













log c, 10, e^5, log N, N, N^2, C^N, N!, N^N
for(i=1,i<=n, 2i)
for(j=1, j<n, j++)
for(k=1, k<n, k++)
for(l=1, l<n, l++)
for(m=1, m<n, m++)
for(o=1, o<n, o++)
//code goes here
end for
end for
end for
end for
end for
end for
James Ruth
9/17/2014
Dr. Subrata Acharya Towson University
5

Question 9

Let T
1
(N) = N
5
, T
2
(N) = e, T
3
(N) = N
7/2
,T
4
(N) = N
c
logN, T
5
(N) = N


a. What would be Big-Oh of T1+T2+T3+T4+T5 and explain why?






b. What would be Big-Oh of T1*T2*T3*T4*T5 and explain why?
Assumi ng mul t i - cor e: O(N^c*logN)
Assumi ng si ngl e- cor e: O(T1+T3+T4+T5)
Thi s i s because i n a mul t i - cor e pr ocessor , t asks can be spl i t up among
t he cor es, and so i t wi l l onl y t ake as l ong as i t t akes a cor e t o f i ni sh
t he hi ghest degr ee of O. Compar ed t o si ngl e, wher e i t must sequence each
f or mul a i n a sor t of queue.
N*N^5*N^( 7/ 2) *( N^c*l ogN) = N^( 2c+( 19/ 2) )
Bi g- Oh di sr egar ds const ant s l i ke 2c or e.
Thi s l eaves O(N^(19/2)*logN).
James Ruth
9/17/2014