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+. = 0 (1)
Momentum
+(. ) = p +. + (2)
Enthalpy
+. = .
+.
()
(3)
Temperature
= .
()
()
(4)
Species mass fraction
+.
= .
(5)
ICMER2013, Kuantan, Malaysia
1-3 July, Paper ID: P342
The most common turbulent model is k- model (Jones and Launder, 1972;
Launder and Sharma, 1974). This model was practical for many flows and relatively
simple to implement and easy to converge. The equation for turbulent kinetic energy (k)
is (6) and turbulent dissipation rate () is (7).
() +
) =
( +
(6)
() +
) =
( +
+
1
+
3
)
2
2
(7)
where turbulent viscosity,
, production of k,
, effect of
buoyancy,
and =
1
is the
component of the gravitational vector in the ith direction and Pr is turbulent Prandtl
number. Pr is 0.85 for the standard and realizable k- model. Other model constants are
1
,
2
,
3
,
and
,,
=
,,
+(1 )
,,
1
(7)
where is between 1-2 and
,,