CAT 2008 (1)of(21)

INSTRUCTIONS
BeforeTheTest:
1. DONOT REMOVETHESEALSOFTHEPLASTICENVELOPEOFTHISBOOKLETUNTILTHESIGNALTO
START GIVEN.
2. KeeponlytheadmitCard,pencil,eraserandsharpenerwithyou.DONOTKEEPwithyoubooks,rulers,slide
rules,drawinginstruments,calculators(includingwatchcalculators),pagers,cellularphones,stopwatchesor
anyotherdeviceorloosepaper.Theseshouldbeleftataplaceindicatedbytheinvigilator.
3. UseonlyHBpenciltofillintheAnswerSheet.
4. EnterinyourAnswerSheet:(a)inBox3,theTestFormNumberthatappearsatthebottomofthispage,(b)in
Box4, theTestBookletSerialNumberthatappearsatthetopofthispage.
5. EnsurethatyourpersonaldatahavebeenenteredcorrectlyonSideIIoftheAnswerSheet.
6. Ensurethatyouhaveenteredyour7digitTestRegistrationNumberinBox2oftheAnswerSheetcorrectly.
AtthestartoftheTest:
1. Assoonasthesignaltostartisgiven,opentheTestBooklet.
2. ThisTestBookletcontains36pages,includingtheblankones.ImmediatelyafteropeningtheTestBooklet,
verifythatallthepagesareprintedproperlyandareinorder.IfthereisaproblemwithyourTestBooklet,imme
diatelyinformtheinvigilator.Youwillbeprovidedwithareplacement.
Howtoanswer:
1. Thistestcontains90questionsinthreesections.Thereare25questionsinSectionI,25questionsinSection
IIand40questionsinSectionIII.Youhavetwoandhalfhourstocompletethetest.Indistributingthetimeover
thethreesections,pleasebearinmindthatyouneedtodemonstrateyourcompetenceinallthreesections.
2. Directionsforansweringthequestionsaregivenbeforeeachgroupofquestions.Readthesedirectionscarefully
andanswerthequestionsbydarkeningtheappropriatecirclesontheAnswerSheet.Eachquestionhasonlyone
correctanswer.
3. AllQuestionscarryfourmarkseach.Eachwronganswerwillattractapenaltyofonemark.
4. DoyourroughworkonlyontheTestBookletandNOTontheAnswerSheet.
5. Followtheinstructionsoftheinvigilator.Candidatesfoundviolatingtheinstructionswillbedisqualified.
AftertheTest:
1. Attheendofthetest,remainseated.TheinvigilatorwillcollecttheAnswerSheetfromyourseat.Donotleave
thehalluntiltheinvigilatorannouncesYoumayleavenow.Theinvigilatorwillmaketheannouncementonly
aftercollectingtheAnswerSheetsfromallthecandidatesintheroom.
2. YoumayretainthisTestBookletwithyou.
Candidatesgivingassistance orseeking/receivinghelpfromany sourceinansweringquestionsor copyinginany
mannerinthetestwillforfeittheirchancesofbeingconsideredforadmission.Suchcandidateswillforfeitthe
righttothescorecard. ThetestingauthorityreservestherighttoexcludeanyquestionorquestionsfromthisTest
Bookletforfinalevaluation.
CAT2008TESTPAPER
Set111
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CAT 2008 (2)of(21)
SECTIONI
Thissectioncontains25questions
1. Ashopstoresxkgofrice.Thefirstcustomerbuyshalfthisamountplushalfakgofrice.Thesecondcustomerbuyshalfthe
remainingamountplushalfakgofrice.Thenthethirdcustomeralsobuyshalftheremainingamountplushalfakgofrice.
Thereafter,noriceisleftintheshop.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthevalueofx?
(1) 2 x6 (2) 5 x 8 (3) 9 x 12 (4) 11 x 14
(5) 13 x 18
DirectionsforQuestions2and3:
Letf(x)=ax
2
+bx+c,wherea,bandcarecertainconstantsanda 0.Itisknownthatf(5)=3f(2)andthat3isarootoff(x)=0.
2. Whatistheotherrootoff(x)=0?
(1) 7 (2) 4 (3) 2 (4) 6
(5) cannotbedetermined
3. Whatisthevalueofa+b+c?
(1) 9 (2) 14 (3) 13 (4) 37
(5) cannotbedetermined
4. Thenumberofcommontermsinthetwosequences17,21,25,....,417and16,21,26,....,466is
(1) 78 (2) 19 (3) 20 (4) 77
(5) 22
DirectionsforQuestions5and6:
Thefigurebelowshowstheplanofatown.Thestreetsareatrightanglestoeachother.Arectangularpark(P)issituatedinsidethe
townwithadiagonalroadrunningthroughit.Thereisalsoaprohibitedregion(D)inthetown.
A
B
C
D
P
5. NeelamridesherbicyclefromherhouseatAtoherofficeatB,takingtheshortestpath.Thenthenumberofpossibleshortest
pathsthatshecanchooseis
(1) 60 (2) 75 (3) 45 (4) 90
(5) 72
6. NeelamridesherbicyclefromherhouseatAtoherclubatC,viaBtakingtheshortestpath.Thenthenumberofpossible
shortestpathsthatshe canchooseis
(1) 1170 (2) 630 (3) 792 (4) 1200
(5) 936
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CAT 2008 (3)of(21)
7. Letf(x)beafunctionsatisfyingf(x)f(y)=f(xy)forallrealx,y.Iff(2)=4,thenwhatisthevalueof
1
2
F
H
G
I
K
J
?
(1) 0 (2)
1
4
(3)
1
2
(4) 1
(5) cannotbedetermined
8. Theintegers1,2,...,40arewrittenonablackboard.Thefollowingoperationisthenrepeated39times.Ineachrepetition,any
twonumbers,sayaandb,currentlyontheblackboardareerasedandanewnumbera+b1iswritten.Whatwillbethe
numberleftontheboardattheend?
(1) 820 (2) 821 (3) 781 (4) 819
(5) 780
9. Suppose,theseedofanypositiveintegernisdefinedasfollows:
seed(n)=n,ifn<10
=seed(s(n)),otherwise,
wheres(n)indicatesthesumofdigitsofn.Forexample,
seed(7)=7,seed(248)=seed(2+4+8)=seed(14)=seed(1+4)=seed(5)=5etc.
Howmanypositiveintegersn,suchthatn<500,willhaveseed(n)=9?
(1) 39 (2) 72 (3) 81 (4) 108
(5) 55
10. InatriangleABC,thelengthsofthesidesABandACequal17.5cmand9cmrespectively.LetDbeapointonthelineseg
mentBCsuchthatADisperpendiculartoBC.IfAD=3cm,thenwhatistheradius(incm)ofthecirclecircumscribingthe
triangleABC?
(1) 17.05 (2) 27.85 (3) 22.45 (4) 32.25
(5) 26.25
11. Whatarethelasttwodigitsof7
2008
?
(1) 21 (2) 61 (3) 01 (4) 41
(5) 81
12. Iftherootsoftheequationx3ax2+bxc=0arethreeconsecutiveintegers,thenwhatisthesmallestpossiblevalueofb?
(1)
-
1
3
(2) 1 (3) 0 (4) 1
(5)
1
3
13. Considerobtuseangledtriangleswithsides8cm,15cmandxcm.Ifxisaninteger,thenhowmanysuchtriangleexist?
(1) 5 (2) 21 (3) 10 (4) 15
(5) 14
14. Howmanyintegers,greaterthan999butnotgreaterthan4000canbeformedwiththedigits0,1,2,3and4ifrepetitionof
digitsisallowed?
(1) 499 (2) 500 (3) 375 (4) 376
(5) 501
For Evaluation Only.
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CAT 2008 (4)of(21)
15. Whatisthenumberofdistincttermsintheexpansionof(a+b+c)
20
?
(1) 231 (2) 253 (3) 242 (4) 210
(5) 228
16. ConsiderasquareABCDwithmidpointsE,F,G,HofAB,BC,CDandDArespectively.LetLdenotethelinepassingthroughF
andH.ConsiderpointsPandQ,onLandinsideABCD,suchthattheanglesAPDandBQCbothequal120
0
.Whatisthearea
ofABQCDPtotheremainingareainsideABCD?
(1)
4 2
3
(2) 2+
3
(3)
10 3 3
9
-
(4)
1
1
3
+
(5) 2
3
1
17. Threeconsecutivepositiveintegersareraisedtothefirst,secondandthirdpowersrespectivelyandthenadded.Thesum
obtainedisaperfectsquarewhosesquarerootequalsthetotalofthethreeoriginalintegers.Whichofthefollowingbest
describestheminimum,saym,ofthesethreeintegers?
(1) 1 m3 (2) 4 m6 (3) 7 m9 (4) 10 m12
(5) 13 m15
18. Findthesum 1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
2007
1
2008
2 2 2 2 2 2
+ + + + + + + + + ..............
(1) 2008
1
2008
(2) 2007
1
2007
(3) 2007
1
2008
(4) 2008
1
2007
(5) 2008
1
2009
19. Twocircles,bothofradii1cm,intersectsuchthatthecircumferenceofeachonepassesthroughthecentreoftheother.What
isthearea(insqcm)oftheintersectingregion?
(1)
p
3
3
4
- (2)
2
3
3
2
p
+ (3)
4
3
3
2
p
- (4)
4
3
3
2
p
+
(5)
2
3
3
2
p
-
20. RahimplanstodrivefromcityAtostationC,atthespeedof70kmperhour,tocatchatrainarrivingtherefromB.Hemust
reachCatleast15minutesbeforethearrivalofthetrain.ThetrainleavesB,located500kmsouthofA,at8:00amandtravels
ataspeedof50kmperhour.ItisknownthatCislocatedbetweenwestandnorthwestofB,withBCat60
0
toAB.Also,Cis
locatedbetweensouthandsouthwestofAwithACat300toAB.ThesatesttimebywhichRahimmustleaveAandstillcatch
thetrainisclosestto
(1) 6:15am (2) 6:30am (3) 6:45am (4) 7:00am
(5) 7:15am
21. Considerarightcircularconeofbaseradius4cmandheight10cm.Acylinderistobeplacedinsidetheconewithoneofthe
flatsurfacesrestingonthebaseofthecone.Findthelargestpossibletotalsurfacearea(insqcm)ofthecylinder.
(1)
100
3
p
(2)
80
3
p
(3)
120
7
p
(4)
130
9
p
(5)
110
7
p
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CAT 2008 (5)of(21)
DirectionsforQuestions22and23:
Fivehorses,Red,White,Grey,BlackandSpottedparticipatedinarace.Aspertherulesoftherace,thepersonsbettingonthe
winninghorsegetfourtimesthebetamountandthosebettingonthehorsethatcameinsecondgetthricethebetamount.More
over,thebetamountisreturnedtothosebettingonthehorsethatcameinthird,andtherestlosethebetamount.RajubetsRs.
3000,Rs.2000andRs.1000onRed,WhiteandBlackhorsesrespectivelyandendsupwithnoprofitandnoloss.
22. Whichofthefollowingcannotbetrue?
(1) AtleasttwohorsesfinishedbeforeSpotted
(2) Redfinishedlast
(3) TherewerethreehorsesbetweenBlackandSpotted
(4) TherewerethreehorsesbetweenWhiteandRed
(5) Greycameinsecond
23. Suppose,inaddition,itisknownthatGreycameinfourth.Thenwhichofthefollowingcannotbetrue?
(1) Spottedcameinfirst
(2) Redfinishedlast
(3) Whitecameinsecond
(4) Blackcameinsecond
(5) therewasonehorsebetweenBlackandWhite
DirectionsforQuestions24and25:
Mark(1)ifQcanbeansweredfromAalonebutnotfromBalone.
Mark(2)ifQcanbeansweredfromBalonebutnotfromBalone.
Mark(3)ifQcanbeansweredfromAaloneaswellasfromBalone.
Mark(4)ifQcanbeansweredfromAandBtogetherbutnotfromanyofthemalone.
Mark(5)ifQcannotbeansweredevenfromAandBtogether.
Inasingleeliminationtournament,anyplayeriseliminatedwithasingleloss.Thetournamentisplayedinmultipleroundssubject
tothefollowingrules:
(a) Ifthenumberofplayers,sayn,inanyroundiseven,thentheplayersaregroupedinton/2pairs.Theplayersineachpairplay
amatchagainsteachotherandthewinnermovesontothenextround.
(b) Ifthenumberofplayers,sayn,inanyroundisodd,thenoneofthemisgivenabye,thatis,heautomaticallymovesontothe
nextround.Theremaining(n1)playersaregroupedinto(n1)/2pairs.Theplayersineachpairplayamatchagainsteach
otherandthewinnermovesontothenextround.Noplayergetsmorethanonebyeintheentiretournament.
Thus,ifniseven,thenn/2playersmoveontothenextroundwhileifnisodd,then(n+1)/2playersmoveontothenextround.
Theprocessiscontinuedtillthefinalround,whichobviouslyisplayedbetweentwoplayers.Thewinnerinthefinalroundisthe
championofthetournament.
24. Q: Whatisthenumberofmatchesplayedbythechampion?
A: Theentrylistforthetournamentconsistsof83players.
B: Thechampionreceivedonebye.
25. Q: Ifthenumberofplayers,sayn,inthefirstroundwasbetween65and128,thenwhatistheexactvalueofn?
A: Exactlyoneplayerreceivedabyeintheentiretournament.
B: Oneplayerreceivedabyewhilemovingontothefourthroundfromthethirdround
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CAT 2008 (6)of(21)
SECTIONII
Thissectioncontains25questions
DirectionsforQuestions26to28: Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheinformationgivenbelow:
Foradmissiontovariousaffiliatedcolleges,auniversityconductsawrittentestwithfourdifferentsections,eachwithamaximum
of50marks.Thefollowingtablegivestheaggregateaswellasthesectionalcutoffmarksfixedbysixdifferentcollegesaffiliatedto
theuniversity.Astudentwillgetadmissiononlyifhe/shegetsmarksgreaterthanorequaltothecutoffmarksineachofthe
sectionsandhis/heraggregatemarksareatleastequaltotheaggregatecutoffmarksasspecifiedbythecollege.
SectionA SectionB SectionC SectionD
College1 42 42 42 176
College2 45 45 175
College3 46 171
College4 43 45 178
College5 45 43 180
College6 41 44 176
AggregateCutoff
Marks
SectionalCutoffMarks
26. Adityadidnotgetacallfromevenasinglecollege.Whatcouldbethemaximumaggregatemarksobtainedbyhim?
(1) 181 (2) 176 (3) 184 (4) 196
(5) 190
27. Bhamagotcallsfromallcolleges.Whatcouldbetheminimumaggregatemarksobtainedbyher?
(1) 180 (2) 181 (3) 196 (4) 176
(5) 184
28. Charliegotcallsfromtwocolleges.Whatcouldbeminimummarksobtainedbyhiminasection?
(1) 0 (2) 21 (3) 25 (4) 35
(5) 41
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CAT 2008 (7)of(21)
DirectionsforQuestions29to32: Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheinformationgivenbelow:
Thebarchartbelowshowstherevenuereceived,inmillionUSDollars(USD),fromsubscriberstoaparticularInternetservice.Thedata
covers the period 2003 to 2007 for the United States (US) and Europe. The bar chart also shows the estimated revenues from
subscriptiontothisservicefortheperiod2008to2010.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
Year
S
u
b
s
c
r
i
p
t
i
o
n

R
e
v
e
n
u
e

i
n

M
i
l
l
i
o
n

U
S
D

US Europe
29. Whilethesubscription inEuropehasbeen growingsteadilytowardsthat oftheUS,the growthrateinEurope seemstobe
declining.Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothepercentchangeingrowthrateof2007(over2006)relativetothegrowthrateof
2005(over2004)?
(1) 17 (2) 20 (3) 35 (4) 60
(5) 100
30. ThedifferencebetweentheestimatedsubscriptioninEuropein2008andwhatitwouldhavebeenifitwerecomputedusingthe
percentagegrowthrateof2007(over2006),isclosestto:
(1) 50 (2) 80 (3) 20 (4) 10
(5) 0
31. In2003,sixtypercentofsubscribersinEuropeweremen.Giventhatwomensubscribersincreaseattherateof10percentper
annumandmenattherateof5percentperannum,whatistheapproximatepercentagegrowthofsubscribersbetween2003and
2010inEurope?Thesubscriptionpricesarevolatileandmaychangeeachyear.
(1) 62 (2) 15 (3) 78 (4) 84
(5) 50
32. ConsidertheannualpercentchangeinthegapbetweensubscriptionrevenuesintheUSandEurope.Whatistheyearinwhich
theabsolutevalueofthischangeisthehighest?
(1) 0304 (2) 0506 (3) 0607 (4) 0809
(5) 0910
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CAT 2008 (8)of(21)
DirectionsforQuestions33to35:
Thereare100employeesinanorganizationacrossfivedepartments.Thefollowingtablegivesthedepartmentwisedistributionof
averageage,averagebasicpayandallowances.Thegrosspayofanemployeeisthesumofhis/herbasicpayandallowances.
Department
Numberof
Employees
AverageAge
(Years)
AverageBasic
Pay(Rs.)
Allowances(%
ofBasicPay)
HR 5 45 5000 70
Marketing 30 35 6000 80
Finance 20 30 6500 60
BusinessDevelopment 35 42 7500 75
Maintenance 10 35 5500 50
Therearelimitednumberofemployeesconsideredfortransfer/promotionacrossdepartments.Wheneverapersonistransferred/
promotedfromadepartmentofloweraverageagetoadepartmentofhigheraverageage,he/shewillgetanadditionalallowanceof10%
of basicpay over andabove his/her currentallowance. There willnot be any changein pay structureif a personis transferred/
promotedfromadepartmentwithhigheraverageagetoadepartmentwithloweraverageage.
Questionsbelowareindependentofeachother.
33. TherewasamutualtransferofanemployeebetweenMarketingandFinancedepartmentsandtransferofoneemployeefrom
MarketingtoHR.Asaresult,theaverageageofFinancedepartmentincreasedbyoneyearandthatofMarketingdepartment
remainedthesame.WhatisthenewaverageageofHRdepartment?
(1) 30 (2) 35 (3) 40 (4) 45
(5) cannotbedetermined
34. WhatistheapproximatepercentagechangeintheaveragegrosspayoftheHRdepartmentduetotransferofa40yearoldperson
withbasicpayofRs.8000fromtheMarketingdepartment?
(1) 9% (2) 11% (3) 13% (4) 15%
(5) 17%
35. Iftwoemployees(eachwithabasicpayofRs.6000)aretransferredfromMaintenancedepartmenttoHRdepartmentandone
person(withabasicpayofRs.8000)wastransferredfromMarketingdepartmenttoHRdepartment,whatwillbethepercentage
changeinaveragebasicpayofHRdepartment?
(1) 10.5% (2) 12.5% (3) 15% (4) 30%
(5) 40%
DirectionsforQuestions36to40: Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheinformationgivenbelow:
Abdul,BikramandChetanarethreeprofessionaltraderswhotradeinsharesofacompanyXYZLtd.Abdulfollowsthestrategyof
buyingattheopeningofthedayat10amandsellingthewholelotatthecloseofthedayat3pm.Bikramfollowsthestrategyofbuying
athourlyintervals:10am,11am,12noon,1pmand2pm,andsellingthewholelotatthecloseoftheday.Further,hebuysanequal
numberofsharesineachpurchase.ChetanfollowsasimilarpatternasBikrambuthisstrategyissomewhatdifferent.Chetanstotal
investmentamountisdividedequallyamonghispurchases.Theprofitorlossmadebyeachinvestoristhedifferencesbetweenthe
salevalueatthecloseofthedaylesstheinvestmentinpurchase.Thereturnforeachinvestorisdefinedastheratiooftheprofitor
losstotheinvestmentamountexpressedasapercentage.
36. OnaboomdaythesharepriceofXYZLtd.keepsrisingthroughoutthedayandpeaksatthecloseoftheday.Whichtradergot
theminimumreturnonthatday?
(1) Bikram (2) Chetan (3) Abdul (4) AbdulorChetan
(5) cannotbedetermined
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CAT 2008 (9)of(21)
37. Onadayoffluctuatingmarketprices,thesharepriceofXYZLtd.endswithagain,i.e.,itishigheratthecloseofthedaycompares
totheopeningvalue.Whichtradergotthemaximumreturnonthatday?
(1) Bikram (2) Chetan (3) Abdul (4) BikramorChetan
(5) cannotbedetermined
38. Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisalwaystrue?
(1) Abdulwillnotbetheonewiththeminimumreturn
(2) ReturnforChetanwillbehigherthanthatofBikram
(3) ReturnforBikramwillbehigherthanthatofChetan
(4) ReturnforChetancannotbehigherthanthatofAbdul
(5) noneoftheabove
Oneday,twoothertraders,DaneandEmilyjoinedAbdul,BikramandChetanfortradinginthesharesofXYZLtd.Danefolloweda
strategyofbuyingequalnumbersofsharesat10am,11and12noon,andsellingthesamenumbersat1pm,2pmand3pm.Emily,on
theotherhand,followedthestrategyofbuyingsharesusingallhermoneyat10atandsellingallofthemat12noonandagainbuying
thesharesforallthemoneyat1pmandagainsellingallofthematthecloseofthedayat3pm.Atthecloseofthedaythefollowing
was observed:
i. Abdullostmoneyinthetransactions.
ii. BothDaneandEmilymadeprofits.
iii. Therewasanincreaseinsharepriceduringtheclosinghourcomparedtothepriceat2pm.
iv. Sharepriceat12noonwaslowerthantheopeningprice.
39. Whichofthefollowingisnecessarilyfalse?
(1) Sharepricewasatitslowestat2pm
(2) Sharepricewasatitslowestat11am
(3) Sharepriceat1pmwashigherthanthesharepriceat2pm
(4) Sharepriceat1pmwashigherthanthesharepriceat12noon
(5) noneoftheabove
40. Sharepricewasatitshighestat
(1) 10am (2) 11am (3) 12noon (4) 1pm
(5) cannotbedetermined
DirectionsforQuestions41to43: Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthestatementsgivenbelow:
(i) Therearethreehousesoneachsideoftheroad.
(ii) ThesesixhousesarelabelledasP,Q,R,S,TandU.
(iii) Thehousesareofdifferentcolours,namely,Red,Blue,Green,Orange,YellowandWhite.
(iv) Thehousesareofdifferentheights.
(v) T,thetallesthouse,isexactlyoppositetotheGreencolouredhouse.
(vi) TheshortesthouseisexactlyoppositetotheGreencolouredhouse.
(vii) U,theOrangecolouredhouse,islocatedbetweenPandS.
(viii) R,theYellowcolouredhouse,isexactlyoppositetoP.
(ix) Q,theGreencolouredhouse,isexactlyoppositetoU.
(x) P,theWhitecolouredhouse,istallerthanR,butshorterthanSandQ.
41. Whatisthecolourofthetallesthouse?
(1) Red (2) Blue (3) Green (4) Yellow
(5) noneof these
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CAT 2008 (10)of(21)
42. WhatisthecolourofthehousediagonallyoppositetotheYellowcolouredhouse?
(1) White (2) Blue (3) Green (4) Red
(5) noneof these
43. Whichisthesecondtallesthouse?
(1) P (2) S (3) Q (4) R
(5) cannotbedetermined
DirectionsforQuestions44to47: Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheinformationgivenbelow:
Inasportsevent,sixteams(A,B,C,D,EandF)arecompetingagainsteachother.Matchesarescheduledintwostages.Eachteam
playsthreematchesinStageIandtwomatchesinStageII.Noteamplaysagainstthesameteammorethanonceintheevent.Noties
arepermittedinanyofthematches.TheobservationsafterthecompletionofStageIandStageIIareasgivenbelow.
StageI:
Oneteamwonallthethreematches.
Twoteamslostallthematches.
DlosttoAbutwonagainstCandF.
ElosttoBbutwonagainstCandF.
Blostatleastonematch.
FdidnotplayagainstthetopteamofStageI.
StageII:
TheleaderofStageIlostthenexttwomatches.
OfthetwoteamsatthebottomafterStageI,oneteamwonbothmatches,whiletheotherlostbothmatches.
OnemoreteamlostbothmatchesinStageII.
44. Theteam(s)withthemostwinsintheeventis(are):
(1) A (2) A&C (3) F (4) E
(5) B&E
45. ThetwoteamsthatdefeatedtheleaderofStageIare:
(1) F&D (2) E&F (3) B&D (4) E&D
(5) F&D
46. Theonlyteam(s)thatwonbothmatchesinStageIIis(are):
(1) B (2) E&F (3) A,E&F (4) B,E&F
(5) B&F
47. Theteamsthatwonexactlytwomatchesintheeventare:
(1) A,D&F (2) D&E (3) E&F (4) D,E&F
(5) D&F
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CAT 2008 (11)of(21)
DirectionsforQuestions48to50: Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedontheinformationgivenbelow:
Telecomoperatorsgetrevenuefromtransferofdataandvoice.Averagerevenuereceivedfromtransferofeachunitofdataisknown
asARDT.Inthediagrambelow,therevenuereceivedfromdatatransferaspercentageoftotalrevenuereceivedandtheARDTinUS
Dollars(USD)aregivenforvariouscountries.
10%
20%
30%
10%
$5 $10 $15
India
Brazil
Thailand
Israel
Hongkong
Russia
Mexico
China
Indonesia($2,42%)
Philippines($3,54%)
Japan($13,70%)
UK
Ireland
Malaysia
Denmark
Spain
Sweden
Poland
Germany
Switzerland
Austria
Singapore
Canada
USA
Norway
ARDT(inUSD)
R
e
v
e
n
u
e
f
r
o
m
D
a
t
a
T
r
a
n
s
f
e
r
a
s

%
o
f
T
o
t
a
l
R
e
v
e
n
u
e

48. Ifthetotalrevenuereceivedisthesameforthepairsofcountrieslistedinthechoicesbelow,choosethepairthathasapproxi
matelythesamevolumeofdatatransfer.
(1) PhilippinesandAustria (2) CanadaandPoland (3) GermanyandUSA (4) UKandSpain
(5) DenmarkandMexico
49. ItwasfoundthatthevolumeofdatatransferinIndiaisthesameasthatofSingapore.Thenwhichofthefollowingstatementsis
true?
(1) Totalrevenueisthesameinbothcountries
(2) TotalrevenueinIndiaisabout2timesthatofSingapore
(3) TotalrevenueinIndiaisabout4timesthatofSingapore
(4) TotalrevenueinSingaporeisabout2timesthatofIndia
(5) TotalrevenueinSingaporeisabout4timesthatofIndia
50. Itisexpectedthatby2010,revenuefromdatatransferasapercentageoftotalrevenuewilltripleforIndiaanddoubleforSweden.
Assumethatin2010,thetotalrevenueinIndiaistwicethatofSwedenandthatthevolumeofdatatransferisthesameinboththe
countries.WhatisthepercentageincreaseofARDTinIndiaifthereisnochangeinARDTinSweden?
(1) 400% (2) 550% (3) 800% (4) 950%
(5) cannotbedetermined
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SECTIONIII
Thissectioncontains40questions
DirectionsforQuestions51to54: Ineachquestion,therearefivesentences.Eachsentencehasapairofwordsthatareitalicizedand
highlighted.Fromtheitalicizedandhighlightedwords,selectthemostappropriatewords(AorB)toformcorrectsentences.The
sentencesarefollowedbyoptionsthatindicatethewords,whichmaybeselectedtocorrectlycompletethesetofsentences.Fromthe
given,choosethemostappropriateone.
51. Anitaworeabeautiful broach(A)/brooch(B) onthelapelofherjacket.
Ifyouwanttocomplainabouttheamenitiesinyourneighbourhood,pleasemeetyour councillor(A)/counsellor(B).
Iwouldlikeyouradvice(A)/advise(B) onwhichjobIshouldchoose.
Thelastsceneprovideda climactic(A)/climatic(B) endingtothefilm.
Jeansthat flair(A)/flare(B) atthebottomareinfashionthesedays.
(1) BABAA (2) BABAB (3) BAAAB (4) ABABA
(5) BAABA
52. Thecakehadlotsof currents(A)/currants(B) andnutsinit.
Ifyouengageinsuchexceptional(A)/exceptionable(B) behaviour,Iwillbeforcedtopunishyou.
Hehasthesamecapacityasanadultto consent(A)/assent(B) tosurgicaltreatment.
Theministeris obliged(A)/compelled(B) toreportregularlytoaparliamentaryboard.
Hisanalysisofthesituationisfartoo sanguine(A)/genuine(B).
(1) BBABA (2) BBAAA (3) BBBBA (4) ABBAB
(5) BABAB
53. Shemanagedtobitebackthe ironic(A)/caustic(B) retortonthetipofhertongue.
Hegaveanimpassionedand valid(A)/cogent(B) pleaforjudicialreform.
Iamnot adverse(A)/averse(B) tohelpingout.
Thecoupe (A)/coup(B) brokeawayasthetrainclimbedthehill.
Theyheardthebellspeeling (A)/pealing(B) farandwide.
(1) BBABA (2) BBBAB (3) BAABB (4) ABBAA
(5) BBBBA
54. Wewerenotsuccessfulin defusing(A)/diffusing(B) theGurusideas.
Thestudents baited(A)/bated(B) theinstructorwithirrelevantquestions.
The hoard(A)/horde(B) rushedintothecampus.
Theprisoners interment(A)/internment(B) cametoanendwithhisearlyrelease.
Thehockeyteamcouldnotdealwithhis unsocialbe(A)/unsocial(B) tendencies.
(1) BABBA (2) BBABB (3) BABAA (4) ABBAB
(5) AABBA
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DirectionsforQuestions55to58: Ineachofthefollowingquestionstherearesentencesthatformaparagraph.Identifythesentence(s)
orpart(s)ofsentence(s)thatis/arecorrectintermsofgrammarandusage(includingspelling,punctuationandlogicalconsistency).
Then,choosethe mostappropriate option.
55. A. In1849,apoorBavarianimigrantnamedLeviStrauss
B. landedinSanFrancisco,California,
C. attheinvitationofhisbrotherinlawDavidStern.
D. owner ofdry goods business.
E. ThisdrygoodsbusinesswouldlaterbecameknownasLeviStrauss&Company.
(1) Bonly (2) BandC (3) AandB (4) AOnly
(5) A,BandD
56. A. Inresponsetotheallegationsandcondemnationpouringin,
B. Nikeimplementedcomprehensivechangesintheirlabourpolicy.
C. Perhapssensingtherisingtideofgloballabourconcerns.
D. fromthepublicwouldbecomeaprominentmediaissue,
E. Nikesoughttobeaindustryleaderinemployeerelations.
(1) DandE (2) Donly (3) AandE (4) AandD
(5) B,CandE
57. A. Chargesandcounterchargesmeannothing
B. tothefewmillionwhohavelosttheirhome.
C. Thenightmareisfarfromover,forthegovernment
D. isstillunabletoreachhundredswhoaremarooned.
E. Thedeathcounthavejustbegun.
(1) Aonly (2) Conly (3) AandC (4) A,CandD
(5) Donly
58. A. Ididnotknowwhattomakeofyou.
B. BecauseyoudlivedinIndia.Iassociateyoumorewithmyparentsthanwithme.
C. AndyetyouwereunlikemycousinsinCalcutta,whoseemsoinnocentandobedientwhenIvisitedthem.
D. Youwerenotcuriousaboutmeintheleast.
E. Althoughyoudidmakeefforttomeetme.
(1) Aonly (2) AandB (3) AandE (4) Donly
(5) AandD
DirectionsforQuestions59to62: Eachofthefollowingquestionshasasentencewithtwoblanks.Givenbeloweachquestionsare
fivepairsofwords.Choosethepairthat best completesthesentence.
59. ThegenocidesinBosniaandRwanda,apartfrombeingmisdescribedinthemostsinisterand__________mannerasethnic
cleansing,werealsoblamed,infurtherhandwashingrhetoric,onsomethingdarkandinteriorto__________andperpetrators
alike.
(1) innovativecommunicator (2) exigentexploiters
(3) enchantingleaders (4) tragicsufferers
(5) disingenuousvictims
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60. Asnavigators,calendermakers,andother________ofthenightskyaccumulatedevidencetothecontrary,ancientastronomers
wereforcedto_______thatcertainbodiesmightmoveincirclesaboutpoints,whichinturnmovedincirclesabouttheearth.
(1) scrutinizersbelieve (2) observers concede
(3) observers agree (4) studetns conclude
(5) scrutinizers suggest
61. Every human being, after the first few days of his life, is a product of two factors: on the one hand, there is his _______
endowmentandontheotherhand,thereistheeffectofenvironment,including_______.
(1) constitutionalweather (2) economiclearning (3) congenitaleducation (4) genetic pedagogy
(5) personalclimate
62. Exhaustion of natural resources, destruction ofo individual initiativeby governments, control over mens minds by central
______ofeducationandpropagandaaresomeofthemajorevilswhichappeartobeontheincreaseasaresultoftheimpactof
scienceuponmindssuitedby________toanearlierkindofworld.
(1) tenetsfixation (2) organstradition (3) aspects inhibitions (4) departmentsrepulsion
(5) institutionsinhibitions
DirectionsforQuestions63to66: Ineachofthequestions,awordhasbeenusedinsentencesinfivedifferentways.Choosethe
optioncorrespondingtothesentenceinwhichtheusageofthewordisincorrectorinappropriate.
63. Run
(1) Imustrunfasttocatchupwithhim.
(2) Ourteamscoredagoalagainsttherunofplay.
(3) Youcantrunoverhimlikethat.
(4) Thenewlyreleasedbookisenjoyingapopularrun.
(5) Thisfilmisarunofthemillproduction.
64. Round
(1) Thepolicefiredaroundofteargasshells.
(2) Theshopislocatedroundthecorner.
(3) Wetookarideonthemerrygoround.
(4) Thedoctorisonahospitalround.
(5) Ishallproceedfurtheronlyafteryoucomeroundtoadmittingit.
65. Buckle
(1) Afterthelonghikeourkneeswerebeginningtobuckle.
(2) Thehorsesuddenlybrokeintoabuckle.
(3) Theaccuseddidnotbuckleunderpoliceinterrogation.
(4) Sometimes,anearthquakecanmakeabridgebuckle.
(5) Peopleshouldlearntobuckleupassoonastheygetintoacar.
66. File
(1) YouwillfindthepaperinthefileunderC.
(2) Ineedtofileaninsuranceclaim.
(3) Thecadetsweremarchinginasinglefile.
(4) Fileyournailsbeforeyouapplynailpolish.
(5) whentheparadewason,asoldierbrokethefile.
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DirectionsforQuestions67to70: Eachofthefollowingquestionshasaparagraphfromwhichthelastsentencehasbeendeleted.
Fromthegivenoptions,choosethesentencethatcompletestheparagraphinthe mostappropriate way.
67. Mostpeopleattheirfirstconsultationtakeafurtivelookatthesurgeonshandsinthehopeofreassurance.Prospectivepatients
lookfordelicacy,sensitivity,steadiness,perhapsunblemishedpallor.Onthisbasis,HentryPerownelosesanumberofcaseseach
year.Generally,heknowsitsabouttohappenbeforethepatientdoes:thedownwardglancerepeated,thepreparedquestions
beginningtofalter,theovermphaticthanksduringtheretreattothedoor.
(1) Otherpeopledonotcommunicateduetotheirpoorobservation.
(2) Otherpatientsdontlikewhattheyseebutareignorantoftheirrighttogoelsewhere.
(3) ButPerownehimselfisnotconcerned.
(4) Butotherswilltaketheirplace,hethought.
(5) Thesehandsaresteadyenough,buttheyarelarge.
68. Tradeprotectionism,disguisedasconcernfortheclimate,israisingitshead.Citingcompetitivenessconcerns,powerfulindus
trializedcountriesareholdingoutthreatsofalevyonimportsofenergyintensiveproductsfromdevelopingcountriesthatrefuse
toaccepttheirdemands.TheactualsourceofprotectionistsentimentintheOECDcountriesis,ofcourse,theircurrentlacklustre
economicperformance,combinedwiththechallengesposedbytherapideconomicriseofChinaandIndiainthatorder.
(1) Climatechangeisevokedtobringtradeprotectionismthroughthebackdoor.
(2) OECDcountriesaretakingrefugeinclimatechangeissuestoerecttradebarriersagainstthesetwocountries.
(3) ClimatechangeconcernshavecomeasaconvenientsticktobeattherisingtradepowerofChinaandIndia.
(4) Defendersoftheglobaleconomicstatusquoareposingasclimatechangechampions.
(5) Todaysclimatechangechampionsaretheperpetratorsofglobaleconomicinequity.
69. Mattancherry is India Jewrys most famous settlement. Its pretty streets of pastel coloured houses, connected by firstfloor
passagesandhometothelasttwelvesareeandsarongWearing,whiteskinnedIndianJewsarevisitedbythousandsoftourists
eachyear.Itssynagogue,builtin1568,withafloorofblueandwhiteChinesetiles,acarpetgivenbyHaileSelassieandthefrosty
Yahehsellingticketsatthedoor,standsasanimageofreligioustolerance.
(1) Mattancherryrepresents,therefore,theperfectpictureofpeacefulcoexistence.
(2) IndiasJewshavealmostneversuffereddiscrimination,exceptforEuropeancolonizersandeachother.
(3) JewsinIndiawerealwaystolerant.
(4) Religioustolerancehasalwaysbeenonlyafacadeandnothingmore.
(5) Theprettypastelstreetsare,thus,verypopularwiththetourists.
70. Giventheculturalandintellectualinterconnections,thequestionofwhatisWesternandwhatisEstern(orIndian)isoften
hardtodecide,andtheissuecanbediscussedonlyinmoredialecticalterms.ThediagnosisofathoughtaspurelyWesternor
purelyIndiancanbeveryillusory.
(1) Thoughtsarenotthekindofthingsthatcanbeeasilycategorized.
(2) Thoughoccidentalismandorientalismasdichotomousconceptshavefoundmanyadherents.
(3) EastisEastandWestisWesthasbeenadiscreditednotionforalongtimenow.
(4) Compartementalizingthoughtsisoftendesirable.
(5) Theoriginofathoughtisnotthekindofthingtowhichpurityhappenseasily.
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DirectionsforQuestions71to75:Thepassagegivenbelowisfollowedbyasetoffivequestions.Choosethemostappropriate
answertoeachquestion.
Languageisnotaculturalartifactthatwelearnthewaywelearntotelltimeorhowthefederalgovernmentworks.Instead,itisadistinct
pieceofthebiologicalmakeupofourbrains.Languageisacomplex,specializxedskill,whichdevelopsinthechildspontaneously,
withoutconsciouseffortorformalinstruction,isdeployedwithoutawarenessofitsunderlyinglogic,isqualitativelythesameinevery
individual,andisdistinctfrommoregeneralabilitiestoprocessinformationorbehaveintelligently.Forthesereasonssomecognitive
scientistshavedescribedlanguageasapsychologicalfaculty,amentalorgan,aneuralsystem,andacomputationalmodule.ButI
prefertheadmittedlyquaintterminstinct.Itconveystheideathatpeopleknowhowtotalkinmoreorlessthesensethatspiders
knowhowtospinwebs.Webspinningwasnotinventedbysomeunsungspidergeniusanddoesnotdependonhavinghadtheright
educationoronhavinganaptitudeforarchitectureortheconstructiontrades.Rather,spidersspinspiderwebsbecausetheyhave
spiderbrains,whichgivethemtheurgetospinandthecompetencetosucceed,Althoughtherearedifferencesbetweenwebsand
words,Iwillencourageyoutoseelanguageinthisway,forithelpstomakesenseofthephenomenawewillexplore.
Thinkingoflanguageasaninstinctinvertsthepopularwisdom,especiallyasithasbeenpasseddowninthecanonofthehumanities
andsocialsciences.Languageisnomoreaculturalinventionthanisuprightposture.Itisnotamanifestationofageneralcapacityto
usesymbols:athreeyearold,weshallsee,isagrammaticalgenius,butisquiteincompetentatthevisualarts,religiousiconography,
trafficsigns,andtheotherstaplesofthesemioticscurriculum.Thoughlanguageisamagnificentabilityuniqueto Homosapiens
amonglivingspecies,itdoesnotcallforsequesteringthestudyofhumansfromthedomainofbiology,foramagnificentabilityunique
toaparticularlivingspeciesisfarfromuniqueintheanimalkingdom.SomekindsofbatshomeinonflyinginsectsusingDopplersonar.
Somekindsofmigratorybirdsnavigatethousandsofmilesbycalibratingthepositionsoftheconstellationsagainstthetimeofdayand
year.Innaturestalentshow,wearesimplyaspeciesofprimatewithourownact,aknackforcommunicatinginformationaboutwhodid
whattowhombymodulatingthesoundswemakewhenweexhale.
Onceyoubegintolookatlanguagenotastheineffableessenceofhumanuniquenessbutasabiologicaladaptationtocommunicate
information,itisnolongerastemptingtoseelanguageasaninsidiousshaperofthought,and,weshallsee,itisnot.Moreover,seeing
languageasoneofnaturesengineeringmarvelsanorganwiththatperfectionofstructureandcoadaptationwhichjustlyexcites
ouradmiration,inDarwinswordsgivesusanewrespectforyourordinaryJowandthemuchmalignedEnglishlanguage(orany
language).Thecomplexityoflanguage,fromthescientistspointofview,ispartofourbiologicalbirthrightitisnotsomethingthat
parentsteachtheirchildrenorsomethingthatmuchbeelaboratedinschoolasOscarWildesaid,Educationisanadmirablething,
butitiswelltorememberfromtimetotimethatnothingthatisworthknowingcanbetaughtApreschoolerstacitknowledgeof
grammarismoresophisticatedthanthethickeststylemanualorthemoststateoftheartcomputerlanguagesystem,andthesame
appliestoallhealthyhumanbeings,eventhenotorioussyntaxfracturingprofessionalathleteandthe,youknow,like,inarticulate
teenageskateboarder.Finally,sincelanguageistheproductofawellengineeredbiologicalinstinct,weshallseethatitisnotthenutty
barrelofmonkeysthatentertainercolumnistsmakeitouttobe.
71. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesnotstemfrompopularwisdomonlanguage?
(1) Languageisaculturalartifact.
(2) Languageisaculturalinvention.
(3) Languageislearntaswegrow.
(4) Languageisuniqueto Homosapiens.
(5) Languageisapsychologicalfaculty.
72. Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoreplacethespidersknowhowtospinwebsanalogyasusedbytheauthor?
(1) Akittenlearningtojumpoverawall
(2) Beescollectingnectar
(3) Adonkeycarryingaload
(4) AhorserunningaDerby
(5) Apetdogprotectingitsownersproperty.
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73. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisuniquetohumanbeings?
(1) Abilitytousesymbolswhilecommunicatingwithoneanother.
(2) Abilitytocommunicatewitheachotherthroughvoicemodulation.
(3) Abilitytocommunicateinformationtoothermembersofthespecies.
(4) Abilitytousesoundasmeansofcommunication.
(5) Alloftheabove.
74. Accordingtothepassage,complexityoflanguagecannotbetaughtbyparentsoratschooltochildrenbecause
(1) childreninstinctivelyknowlanguage.
(2) childrenlearnthelanguageontheirown.
(3) languageisnotamenabletoteaching.
(4) childrenknowlanguagebetterthantheirteachersorparents.
(5) childrenarebornwiththeknowledgeofsemiotics.
75. Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?
(1) LanguageisuniquetoHomosapiens.
(2) Languageisneitherlearntnottaught.
(3) Languageisnotaculturalinventionorartifactasitismadeout.
(4) Languageisinstinctiveabilityofhumanbeings.
(5) Languageisuseofsymbolsuniquetohumanbeings.
DirectionsforQuestions76to80: The passage given below is followed by a set of five questions. Choose the most appropriate
answertoeachquestion.
WhenIwaslittle,childrenwereboughttwokindsoficecream,soldfromthosewhitewagonswithscanopicsmadeofsilverymetal:
eitherthetwocentconeorthefourcenticecreampie.Thetwocentconewasverysmall,infactitcouldfitcomfortablyintoachilds
hadn,anditwasmadebytakingtheicecreamfromitscontainerwithaspecialscoopandpilingitonthecone.Grannyalways
suggestedIeatonlyapartofthecone,thenthrowawaythepointedend,becauseithadbeentouchedbythevendorshand(though
thatwasthebestpart,niceandcrunchy,anditwasregularlyeateninsecret,afterapretenceofdiscardingit).
Thefourcentpiewasmadebyaspeciallittlemachine,alsosilvery,whichpressedtwodisksofsweetbiscuitagainstacylindrical
sectionoficecream.Firstyouhadtothrustyourtongueintothegapbetweenthebiscuitsuntilittouchedthecentralnucleusofice
creamthen,gradually,youatethewholething,thebiscuitsurfacessofteningastheybecamesoakedincreamynectar.Grannyhadno
advicetogivehere:intheorythepieshadbeentouchedonlybythemachineinpractice,thevendorhadheldtheminhishandwhile
givingthemtous,butitwasimpossibletoisolatethecontaminatedarea.
I was fascinated, however, by some of my peers, whose parents bought them not a fourcent pie but two twocent cones.These
privilegedchildrenadvancedproudlywithoneconeintheirrighthandandoneintheirleftandexpertlymovingtheirheadfromside
toside,theylickedfirstone,thentheother.Thisliturgyseemedtomesosumptuouslyenviable,thatmanytimesIaskedtobeallowed
tocelebrateit.Invain.Myelderswereinflexible:afourcentice,yesbuttwotwocentones,absolutelyno.
Asanyonecansee,neithermathematicsnoreconomynordieteticsjustifiedthisrefusal.Nordidhygiene,assumingthatinduecourse
thetipsofbothconeswerediscarded.Thepathetic,andobviouslymendacious,justificationwasthataboyconcernedwithturning
hiseyesfromoneconetotheotherwasmoreinclinedtostumbleoverstones,steps,orcracksinthepavement.Idimlysensedthat
therewasanothersecretjustification,cruellypedagogical,butIwasunabletograspit.
Today,citizenandvictimofaconsumersociety,acivilizationofexcessandwaste(whichthesocietyofthethirtieswasnot),Irealize
thatthosedearandnowdepartedelderswereright.Twotwocentconesinsteadofoneatfourcentsdidnotsignifysquandering,
economicallyspeaking,butsymbolicallytheysurelydid.Itwasforthisprecisereason,thatIyearnedforthem:becausetwoicecreams
suggestedexcess.Andthiswaspreciselywhytheyweredeniedtome:becausetheylookedindecent,aninsulttopoverty,adisplay
offictitiousprivilege,aboastofwealth.Onlyspoiledchildrenatetwoconesatonce,thosechildrenwhoinfairytaleswererightly
punished,asPinocchiowaswhenherejectedtheskinandthestalk.Andparentswhoencouragedthisweakness,appropriatetolittle
parvenus,werebringinguptheirchildreninthefoolishtheatreofIdliketobutIcant.Theywerepreparingthemtoturnupat
touristclasscheckinwithafakeGuccibagboughtfromastreetpeddleronthebeachatRimini.
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Nowadaysthemoralistrisksseemingatoddswithmorality,inaworldwheretheconsumercivilizationnowwantsevenadultstobe
spoiled,andpromisesthemalwayssomethingmore,fromthewristwatchintheboxofdetergenttothebonusbanglesheathed,withthe
magazineitaccompanies,inaplasticenvelope.LiketheparentsofthoseambidextrousgluttonsIsoenvied,theconsumercivilization
pretendstogivemore,butactuallygives,forfourcents,whatisworthfourcents.Youwillthrowawaytheoldtransistorradioto
purchasethenewone,thatboastsanalarmclockaswell,butsomeinexplicabledefectinthemechanismwillguaranteethattheradio
lastsonlyayear.Thenewcheapcarwillhaveleatherseats,doublesidemirrorsadjustablefrominside,andapanelleddashboard,but
itwillnotlastnearlysolongasthegloriousoldFlat500,which,evenwhenitbrokedown,couldbestartedagainwithakick.
ThemoralityoftheolddaysmadeSpartansofusall,whiletodaysmoralitywantsallofustobeSybarites.
76. Whichofthefollowingcannotbeinferredfromthepassage?
(1) Todayssocietyismoreextravagantthanthesocietyofthe1930s
(2) Theactofeatingtwoicecreamconesisakintoaceremonialprocess.
(3) Eldersrightlysuggestedthataboyturningeyesfromoneconetotheotherwasmorelikelytofall.
(4) Despiteseemingtopromisemore,theconsumercivilizationgivesawayexactlywhatthethingisworth.
(5) Theconsumercivilizationattemptstospoilchildrenandadultsalike.
77. Inthepassage,thephraselittleparvenusrefersto
(1) naughtymidgets.
(2) oldhags.
(3) arrogantpeople
(4) young upstarts.
(5) foolishkids.
78. Theauthorpinedfortwotwocentconesinsteadofonefourcentpiebecause
(1) itmadedieteticsense.
(2) itsuggestedintemperance.
(3) itwasmorefun.
(4) ithadavisualappeal.
(5) hewasaglutton.
79. Whatdoestheauthormeanbynowadaysthemoralistrisksseemingatoddswithmorality?
(1) Themoralistsofyesterdayhavebecomeimmoraltoday.
(2) Theconceptofmoralityhaschangedovertheyears.
(3) Consumerismisamoral.
(4) Therisksassociatedwithimmoralityhavegoneup.
(5) Thepuristsviewofmoralityisfastbecomingpopular.
80. Accordingtotheauthor,thejustificationforrefusaltolethimeattwoconeswasplausibly
(1) didactic. (2) dietetic. (3) dialectic. (4) diatonic.
(5) diastolic.
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DirectionsforQuestions81to85:Thepassagegivenbelowisfollowedbyasetoffivequestions.Choosethemostappropriate
answertoeachquestions.
Aremarkableaspectofartofthepresentcenturyistherangeofconceptsandideologieswhichitembodies.Itisalmosttemptingtosee
apatternemergingwithintheartfieldoralternativelyimposeduponitaposteriorisimilartothatwhichexistsundertheumbrellaof
sciencewherethegeneraltermcoversawholerangeofseparate,thoughinterconnecting,activities.Anyparallelismishoweverinthis
instanceatleastmisleading.Ascientificdisciplinedevelopssystematicallyonceitsbaretenetshavebeenestablished,namedand
categorizedasconventions.Manyoftheconceptsofmodernart,bycontrast,haveresultedfromthealmostaccidentalmeetingsof
groups of talented individuals at certain times and certain places. The ideas generated by these chance meetings had twofold
consequences.Firstly,acorpusofworkwouldbeproducedwhich,ingreatpart,remainsasaconcreterecordoftheevents.Secondly,
the ideas would themselves be disseminated through many different channels of communication seeds that often bore fruit in
contextsfarremovedfromtheirgeneration.Notallmovementswereexclusivelyconcernedwithinnovation.Surrealism,forinstance,
claimedtoembodyakindofinsightwhichcanbepresentintheartofanyperiod.Thisclaimhasbeengenerallyacceptedsothata
sixteenthcenturypaintingbySprangeroramysteriousphotographbyAtgetcanlegitimatelybediscussedinsurrealistterms.Briefly,
then,the conceptsofmodern artare ofmanydifferent (oftenfundamentallydifferent) kindsand resultedfromthe exposuresof
painters,sculptorsandthinkerstothemorecomplexphenomenaofthetwentiethcentury,includingoureverincreasingknowledgeof
the thought and products of earlier centuries. Different groups of artists would collaborate in trying to make sense of a rapidly
changingworldofvisualandspiritualexperience.Weshouldhardlybesurprisedifnoonegroupsucceededcompletely,butachieve
ments,thoughrelative,havebeenconsiderable.Landmarkshavebeenestablishedconcretestatementsofpositionwhichgivea
patterntoasituationwhichcouldeasilyhavedegeneratedintototalchaos.Beyondthis,newlanguagetoolshavebeencreatedfor
thosewhofollowsemanticsystemswhichcanprovideaspringboardforfurtherexplorations.
Thecodifyingofartisoftencriticized.Certainlyonecanunderstandthatartistsarewaryofbeingpigeonholedsincetheyareaptto
thinkofthemselvesasindividualssometimeswithgoodreason.Thenotionofselfexpression,however,nolongercarriesquitethe
weightitoncedidobjectivityhasitsdefenders.Thereisgoodreasontoaccepttheideascodifiedbyartistsandcritics,overthepast
sixtyyearsorso,ashavingattainedthestatusofindependentexistenceanindependencewhichisnotwithoutitsownvalue.Thetime
factorisimportanthere.Asanartmovementslipsintotemporalperspective,itceasestobealivingorganismbecoming,rather,a
fossil,socananartistdecipherwholewebsofintellectualandcreativepossibilityfromtherecordedstructureofadeadartmovement.
Theartistcanmatchthecreativepatternscrystallizedintothisstructureagainstthepotentialandpossibilitiesofhisowntime.AsT.S.
Eliotobserved,noonestartsanythingfromscratchhoweverconsciouslyyoumaytrytoliveinthepresent,youarestillinvolvedwith
anexusofbehaviourpatternsbequeathedfromthepast.Theoriginalandcreativepersonisnotsomeonewhoignoresthesepatterns,
butsomeonewhoisabletotranslateanddevelopthemsothattheyconformmoreexactlytohisandourpresentneeds.
81. Manyoftheconceptsofmodernarthavebeentheproductof
(1) ideasgeneratedfromplanneddeliberationsbetweenartists,paintersandthinkers.
(2) thedisseminationofideasthroughthestateanditsorganizations.
(3) accidentalbytherichandpowerfulthatsupportedart.
(4) patronagebytherichandpowerfulthatsupportedart.
(5) systematicinvestigation,codificationandconventions.
82. Inthepassage,thewordfossilcanbeinterpretedas
(1) anartmovementthathasceasedtoremaininterestingoruseful.
(2) ananalogyfromthephysicalworldtoindicateahistoricartmovement.
(3) ananalogyfromthephysicalworldtoindicatethebarrennessofartisticcreationsinthepast.
(4) anembeddedcodificationofprehistoriclife.
(5) ananalogyfromthephysicalworldtoindicatethepassingofaneraassociatedwithanartmovement.
83. Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingsimilaritiesbetweenscienceandartmayleadtoerroneousconclusions?
(1) Both,ingeneral,includeagamutofdistinctbutinterconnectingactivities.
(2) Bothhavemovementsnotnecessarilyconcernedwithinnovation.
(3) Bothdependoncollaborationsbetweentalentedindividuals.
(4) Bothinvolveabstractthoughtanddisseminationofideas.
(5) Bothreflectcomplexprioritiesofthemodernworld.
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84. Therangeofconceptsandideologiesembodiedintheartofthetwentiethcenturyisexplainedby
(1) theexistenceofmovementssuchassurrealism.
(2) landmarkswhichgiveapatterntothearthistoryofthetwentiethcentury.
(3) newlanguagetoolswhichcanbeusedforfurtherexplorationsintonewareas.
(4) thefastchangingworldofperceptualandtranscendentalunderstanding.
(5) thequickexchangeofideasandconceptsenabledbyefficienttechnology.
85. ThepassageusesanobservationbyT.S.Eliottoimplythat
(1) creativeprocessesarenotoriginalbecausetheyalwaysborrowfromthepast.
(2) wealwayscarryforwardthelegacyofthepast.
(3) pastbehavioursandthoughtprocessesrecreatethemselvesinthepresentandgetlebeledasoriginalorcreative.
(4) originalitycanonlythriveinagreenhouseinsulatedfromthepastbiases.
(5) innovationsandoriginalthinkinginterpretanddeveloponpastthoughtstosuitcontemporaryneeds.
DirectionsforQuestions86to90: Thepassagegivenbelowisfollowedbyasetoffivequestions.Choosethemostappropriate
answertoeachquestion.
TosummarizetheClassicMayacollapse,wecantentativelyidentifyfivestrands.Iacknowledge,however,thatMayaarchaeologists
stilldisagreevigorouslyamongthemselvesinpart,becausethedifferentstrandsevidentlyvariedinimportanceamongdifferentparts
oftheMayarealmbecausedetailedarchaeologicalstudiesareavailableforonlysomeMayasitesandbecauseitremainspuzzling
whymostoftheMayaheartlandremainednearlyemptyofpopulationandfailedtorecoverafterthecollapseandafterregrowthof
forests.
Withthosecaveats,itappearstomethatonestrandconsistedofpopulationgrowthoutstrippingavailableresources:adilemmasimilar
totheoneforeseenbyThomasMalthusin1798andbeingplayedouttodayinRwanda,Haitiandelsewhere.Asthearchaeologist
DavidWebstersuccinctlyputsit,Toomanyfarmersgrewtoomanycropsontoomuchoflandscape.Compoundingthatmismatch
betweenpopulationandresourceswasthesecondstrand:theeffectsofdeforestationandhillsideerosion,whichcausedadecrease
in the amount of useable farmland at a time when more rather than less farmland was needed, and possibly exacerbated by an
anthropogenicdroughtresultingfromdeforestation,bysoilnutrientdepletionandothersoilproblems,andbythestruggletoprevent
brackenfernsfromoverrunningthefields.
Asourfifthstrand,wehavetowonderwhythekingsandnoblesfailedtorecognizeandsolvetheseseeminglyobviousproblems
underminingtheirsociety.Theirattentionwasevidentlyfocusedontheirshorttermconcernsofenrichingthemselves,wagingwars,
erectingmonuments,competingwitheachother,andextractingenoughfoodfromthepeasantstosupportallthoseactivities.Like
mostleadersthroughouthumanhistory,theMayakingsandnoblesdidnotlongtermproblems,insofarastheyperceivedthem.
Finally,whilewestillhavesomeotherpastsocietiestoconsiderbeforeweswitchourattentiontothemodernworld,wemustalready
bestruckbysomeparalleslbetweentheMayaandthepastsocieties.AsonMangareva,theMayaenvironmentalandpopulation
problemsledtoincreasingwarefareandcivilstrife.Similarly,onEasterIslandandatChacoCanyon,theMayapeakpopulation
numberswerefollowedswiftlybypoliticalandsocialcollapse.ParallelingtheeventualextensionofagriculturefromEasterIslands
coastallowlandstoitsuplands,andfromtheMimbresfloodplaintothehills,Copansinhabitantsalsoexpandedfromthefloodplain
tothemorefragilehillslopes,leavingthemwithalargerpopulationtofeedwhentheagriculturalboominthehillswentbust.LikeEaster
Islandchiefserectingeverlargerstatues,eventuallycrownedbypukao,andlikeAnasazielitetreatingthemselvestonecklacesof2,000
turquoisebeads,Mayakingssoughttooutdoeachotherwithmoreandmoreimpressivetemples,coveredwiththickerandthicker
plasterreminiscentinturnoftheextravagantconspicuousconsumptionbymodernAmericanCEOs.ThepassivityofEasterchiefsand
Mayakingsinthefaceoftherealbitthreatstotheirsocietiescompletesourlistofdisquietingparallels.
86. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsthefactorthathasbeencitedbytheauthorinthecontextof
RwandaandHaiti?
(1) Variousethnicgroupscompetingforlandandotherresources
(2) Variousethnicgroupscompetingforlimitedlandresources
(3) Variousethnicgroupsfightingwitheachother
(4) Variousethnicgroupscompetingforpoliticalpower
(5) Variousethnicgroupsfightingfortheiridentity
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87. Byananthropogenicdrought,theauthormeans
(1) adroughtcausedbylackofrains.
(2) adroughtcausedduetodeforestation.
(3) adroughtcausedbyfailuretopreventbrackenfernsfromoverrunningthefields.
(4) adroughtcausedbyactionsofhumanbeings.
(5) adroughtcausedbyclimatechanges.
88. Accordingtothepassage,thedroughtatthetimeofMayacollapsehadadifferentimpactcomparedtothedroughtsearlier
because.
(1) theMayakingscontinuedtobeextravagantwhencommonpeopleweresuffering.
(2) ithappenedatthetimeofcollapseofleadershipamongMayas.
(3) ithappenedwhentheMayapopulationhadoccupiedallavailablelandsuitedforagriculture.
(4) itwasfollowedbyinternecinewarefareamongMayans.
(5) irreversibleenvironmentaldegradationledtothisdrought.
89. Accordingtotheauthor,whyisitdifficulttoexplainthereasonsforMayacollapse?
(1) Copaninhabitantsdestroyedallrecordsofthatperiod.
(2) TheconstantdeforestationandhillsideerosionhavewipedoutalltracesoftheMayakingdom.
(3) ArchaeologicalsitesofMayasdonotprovideanyconsistentevidence.
(4) IthasnotbeenpossibletoascertainwhichofthefactorsbestexplainsastowhytheMayaciviliationcollapsed.
(5) Atleastfivemillionpeoplewerecrammedintoasmallarea.
90. WhichfactorhasnotbeencitedasoneofthefactorscausingthecollapseofMayasociety?
(1) Environmentaldegradationduetoexcesspopulation
(2) Socialcollapseduetoexcesspopulation
(3) IncreasedwarefareamongMayapeople
(4) Climatechange
(5) ObsessionofMayapopulationwiththeirownshorttermconcerns
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