6205 Environmental Technologies

i B ildi in Buildings
Christoph Reinhart
Rules of Thumb
Energy Considerations Energy Considerations
GSD 6205 Daylighting Rules of Thumb
MISC
Questions for Assignment 4?
New Excel File Version 2.1
Common Mistakes in Assignment 3
1- Some of you calculated the sum of the U-value directly.. instead of Sum of
R's and then R
total
=1/U to get U-value.
2- some of you did not realize that the U-value 6.1 w/m
2
K for glazing was per
unit area and multiplied it by the glazing thickness (huge impact on the whole
building UA calculations).
3- Some of you did not multiply the UA by the Areas.. meaning you added up
the individual U values but never multiplied them with their area to get W/K.
4- Some of you forgot to consider Inside and outside are layers resistance.
5 Many did not calculate the R correctly by calculating 10% R +90% 5- Many did not calculate the R
wall
correctly, by calculating 10% R
studs
+ 90%
R
airgap
. A few students also made the wrong assumption of 10% wall studs,
60% wall air gap and 30% wall glazed.. when the 10% of 70% is not the same
that 10% of the whole wall of course that 10% of the whole wall of course.
6- Some of you added the temperature increment to the outside temperature.
Input by Diego Ibarra and Sydney Mainster
Excel File version 2.1
Refined energy balances from monthly to daily.
Monthly balances. Daily balances.
Review - Measures of Success for
Daylight Daylight
Comfortable work spaces
Healthy Environments
Esthetics Esthetics
Energy-Efficiency
Costs
Your own
Review - Daylight Factor Definition y g
DF = (E
point
/E
outside horizontal
) * 100%
The DF is only defined under overcast skies! y
Review - Combine Daylight Factor with
Static Shading Static Shading
optimized for static shading device
louvers, lightshelves etc.
Resulting building design form is improved from an energy
t d i t standpoint.
Review - Climate-based Daylight
Performance Metrics Performance Metrics
DDS result in thousands of data points for each sensor.
The task at hand is to reduce the data without diminishing
its value for building design.
Points for discussion:
time base
lighting requirements
movable shading devices
Scale Models
St ti S & M i E th
Heliodon
Stationary Sun & Moving Earth
Manual Motorized
Multiple Sources
P ifi E C t Pacific Energy Center
UW-Daylighting Lab UI-Integrated Design Lab High Precision Devices
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Artificial Sky
Hemispherical Sky Mirrored-Box Sky
Bartenbach Licthlabor
UW-Daylighting Lab
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Artificial Sky Daylight Factor Analysis I
14.00-15.00
13.00-14.00 13.0014.00
12.00-13.00
11.00-12.00
10.00-11.00
9.00-10.00
800-900 8.009.00
7.00-8.00
6.00-7.00
5.00-6.00
4.00-5.00
300-400 3.00-4.00
2.00-3.00
1.00-2.00
0.00-1.00
Ada County Weed and Pest Abatement - Meridian, ID (LCA Architects)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Artificial Sky Daylight Factor Analysis II
Revision
Ada County Weed and Pest Abatement - Meridian, ID (LCA Architects)
Baseline
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Artificial Sky Visual Analysis
Overcast Sky
Simulation
Learning Center
Baseline: no skylights
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club - Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
Daylighting Analysis: Integrated Design Lab Puget Sound
University of Washington Department of Architecture
Artificial Sky Visual Analysis
Overcast Sky
Simulation
Two slots: one in stairwell
Learning Center
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club - Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
Daylighting Analysis: Integrated Design Lab Puget Sound
University of Washington Department of Architecture
Artificial Sky Visual Analysis
Overcast Sky
Simulation
Two slots: both in Learning Center
Learning Center
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club - Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
Daylighting Analysis: Integrated Design Lab Puget Sound
University of Washington Department of Architecture
Artificial Sky Visual Analysis
Overcast Sky
Simulation
Three Slots
Learning Center
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club - Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
Daylighting Analysis: Integrated Design Lab Puget Sound
University of Washington Department of Architecture
Artificial Sky Visual Analysis
Overcast Sky
Simulation
Rectangle
Learning Center
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club - Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
Daylighting Analysis: Integrated Design Lab Puget Sound
University of Washington Department of Architecture
Artificial Sky Visual Analysis
Overcast Sky
Simulation
Two squares
Learning Center
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club - Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
Daylighting Analysis: Integrated Design Lab Puget Sound
University of Washington Department of Architecture
Artificial Sky Visual Analysis
Overcast Sky
Simulation
6x16 and Stairwell Skylights
Learning Center
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club - Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
slide courtesy of Kevin Van Den Wymelenberg
Architecture: Rainier Vista Boys & Girls Club Seattle, WA (Weinstein A I U)
Daylighting Analysis: Integrated Design Lab Puget Sound
University of Washington Department of Architecture
Discussion
I feel that we do not have enough physical analysis of scale models
Discussion
at the GSD.
Costs of simulations vs. physical models. Comparable if the
infrastructure already exists infrastructure already exists.
Different tools for different objectives: Physical models shine when
it comes to complicated materials with imperfections.
Simulations can look at all sky conditions of the year.
Course Outline
Fr J an 30 L01 Introduction to Course
Site Analysis Site Analysis
We Feb 4 L02 Measuring Climate
Fr Feb 6 L03 Site Consideration
Site Heat Flow
We Feb 11 L04 Heat Storage &Thermal Mass We Feb 11 L04 Heat Storage &Thermal Mass
Fr Feb 13 L05 Heat FlowI - Conduction &Convection
We Feb 18 L06 Heat FlowII Radiation &Windows
Fr Feb 20 L07 Internal Gains &Infiltration
We Feb 25 L08 Load Calculations I (spreadsheet)
Fr Feb 27 L09 Load Calculations II (simulation)
Light
We Mar 4 L10 Studio Project &Shading
Fr Mar 6 L11 Sunlight &Solar Gains
We Mar 11 L12 Daylighting Design We Mar 11 L12 Daylighting Design
Fr Mar 13 L13 Daylighting Design Principles (Rules of Thumb)
We Mar 18 L14 Daylight Simulations
Fr Mar 20 L15 Electric Lighting
Acoustics Acoustics
We Apr 1 L16 RoomAcoustics
Fr Apr 3 L17 Noise Reduction
We Apr 8 L18 Acoustics Overview (J ohn Bradley TBC)
Space Conditioning/ Misc
Fr Apr 10 L19 Natural Ventilation
We Apr 15 L20 Post Occupancy Evaluation (Gail Brager)
Fr Apr 17 L22 Life Cycle Assessment
We Apr 22 L21 HVAC Systems I (Forced Air &Hydronic Systems, Heat Pumps, Pellet Stoves)
Fr Apr 24 L23 Writing Architectural Specifications Fr Apr 24 L23 Writing Architectural Specifications
FieldTrips
We Apr 29 L24 Tour MacAllen &Artists for Humanity
Fr May 1 L25 Autodesk AEC Headquarters
Rules of Thumb
Rules of Thumb Rules of Thumb
D fi iti A f l i i l h i id li ti b t t i t d d t Definition: A useful principle having wide application but not intended to
be strictly accurate or reliable in every situation (The American Heritage
Dictionary of the English Language, 2004).
Why rules of thumb? Why rules of thumb?
Observation that rules of thumb are primary design Observation that rules of thumb are primary design
tool used in practice. But, rules are not standardized.
Window-Head-height to Daylit Zone Depth
o mantra in sustainable design g
o sole quantitative justification for room proportions/faade
o an empirical rule (!)
Results
Frequency distribution of predicted daylit zone depths Frequency distribution of predicted daylit zone depths
Validated window-head-height rule of thumb Validated window-head-height rule of thumb
In a sidelit space with a standard window and venetian
blinds, the depth of the daylit area usually lies between 1.5
and 2 times the window-head-height.
If a space does not require the use of a shading device the
ratio range can increase up to 2.5. ratio range can increase up to 2.5.
Design Sequence
Literature Review and simulation analysis of rules of thumb.
Desire to combine rules into a design sequence
Typical Spaces
A total of 2304 spaces.
More Rules of Thumb
Preferred faade orientations for daylighting: South and North.
Desirable reflectances to have a well daylit environment :
ceiling > 80%, walls > 50-70%, floor > 20-40%, furniture >
25-45% (avoiding specular surface finishes) 25 45% (avoiding specular surface finishes)
If daylighting with skylights, the openings must constitute at
least 5% of the ceiling area
More Rules of Thumb
Saving from an occupancy sensor usually 25% but may be up
to 50% (BC Hydro study).
Electric lighting saving from a photocell controlled dimmer
around 60-80% near the faade (if system is commissioned around 60 80% near the faade (if system is commissioned
adequately).
Questions?
L05 Conduction & Convection L05 - Conduction & Convection