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Gemcom GEMS Comparison of Polygonal and Block Model Reserving Techniques in Gemcom
Copyright 2011 Gemcom Software International Inc. Page 2 of 10
Synopsis
This paper compares the results derived from two sets of reserve reports. The two sets of figures represent
reserves of a tabular orebody calculated independently using polygonal and block model reserving
techniques in Gemcom software. The objective of this case study is to demonstrate that the use of a block
model to calculate reserves is not only as accurate, but more effective than the more traditional approach of
polygonal reserving. This was achieved by applying polygonal reserving techniques to an orebody best
suited to this approach by virtue of relatively uniform geometry (attitude and thickness) and grade
distribution. The LG6 Chromitite Layer within the Bushveld Igneous Complex is an ideal example of such
geometrical consistency.
The two methods made use of exactly the same drillhole dataset and the same orebody solid model. For the
purpose of this paper the tonnage and grade (single element) were calculated for each solid. The resulting
tonnage and grade estimates are remarkably similar suggesting that the methodology applied in both
techniques is sound. However a closer examination of the assumptions reveals that the block model
technique is more comprehensive. This finding is complimented by the speed, ease-of-use and downstream
applicability of the block model module in Gemcom.
Introduction
The comparison presented in this case study was prompted by the widely held assumption that polygonal
reserving is best suited to the reserve calculation of thin seam orebodies stretching over a few kilometers
along strike and down dip. In contrast, block modelling has often been perceived to be applicable to more
bulky, massive orebodies and by inference, less effective when applied to thin seam orebodies.
The orebody under discussion is the LG6 Chromitite Layer mined at Waterval West Mine (Fig. 1). Waterval
West Mine is a producing mine, mining within the limits of the Bushveld Complex. The mine is situated just to
the east of Rustenburg Town in North West Province, South Africa. The mine is one of three chromitite
producing mines supplying the ferrochrome furnaces of Alloys Division of Xstrata South Africa. Xstrata is
listed on the London Stock Exchange and prescribes to the Australasian Code for the Reporting of Mineral
Resources and Ore Reserves. It is imperative for Xstrata to use an accurate and reliable method for
calculating reserves in order to present annual reserve statements.
Gemcom GEMS Comparison of Polygonal and Block Model Reserving Techniques in Gemcom
Copyright 2011 Gemcom Software International Inc. Page 3 of 10
Geological Setting & Orebody Geometry
The Bushveld Complex is a large igneous complex consisting of differentiated ultra-mafic to felsic igneous
rocks. The rock units are psuedo layered, dipping gently towards the center of the complex
1
. The complex
covers an area of 450km west to east and 300km north to south (Fig. 1).
Figure 1: Geological Setting of Waterval West Mine
The Bushveld Igneous Complex contains at least 18 distinctly named chromitite layers, these occur in 3
groups e.g. a Lower-, Middle- and Upper Group and are part of the Rustenburg Layered Suit (Fig. 2). The
group in which each layer occurs is reflected in the prefix of the layer name (e.g. LG1 LG7, MG1 MG4
and UG1 UG2).
The LG6 (Lower Group No 6 Chromitite Layer) and the MG1 Chromitite Layers are the two economic
chromitite layers currently mined. The Waterval West Mine produces charge chrome from the LG6
Chromitite Layer. The layer consists of two chromitite sub-layers (LG6 and LG6A) separated by a middling
pyroxenite. The layers are mined as a package using trackless mining methods. For the purpose of this
exercise only the LG6 is modelled.
Gemcom GEMS Comparison of Polygonal and Block Model Reserving Techniques in Gemcom
Copyright 2011 Gemcom Software International Inc. Page 4 of 10
Figure 2: Stratigraphy of the Rustenburg Layered Suite
The LG6 Chromitite is dipping at 13