2.2.1.1 Worked Example 2.

7- Applying Time-Area Method to a Catchment in Ipoh

Calculate the runo hydrograph or the de!ign o a ma"or !torm#ater !y!tem near
the outlet o a catchment #ith medium den!ity re!idential de$elopment in Ipoh a!
!ho#n in %igure 2.7. The Tc i! &' min.
The de!ign A(I or the ma"or !y!tem i! 1'' year! )a!ed on Ta)le *.1.
Step 1- Delineate Subcatchment Using Isochrones
The #hole !tudy area i! di$ided into !u)catchment area! )y plotting + minute!
i!ochrone! #hich repre!ent line! o e,ual lo# time to the outlet a! !ho#n in
%igure 2.7.
The time inter$al i! determined u!ing the (ational Method approach.
The !u)catchment area! )et#een each !ucce!!i$e pair o i!ochrone! are mea!ured
and recorded a! !ho#n in Column % o Ta)le 2.+.
Step 2- Calculate Design Effective Rainfall
%or Ipoh- the .e!ign (ainall Inten!ity or A(I o 1'' yr i! 17/.+ mm0hr.
1ence Total (ainall .epth2 17/.+3'.+2 44.2+ mm
Column 5 !ummari!e! the temporal pattern ratio! or thi! particular location.
The (ainall .epth in Column C i! calculated )y multiplying Column 5 )y Total
(ainall .epth.
6i!ted in Column . are the lo!!e! )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*.
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Column E !ho#! the Eecti$e (ainall #hich i! e,ual to (ainall .epth 9Column
C: minu! the 6o!!e! 9Column .:.
Step 3- Calculate Discharge H!rograph
The ordinate o the di!charge hydrograph i! calculated a! ollo#!8
%ir!t- multiply the !u)catchment area 9Column %: #ith the Eecti$e (ainall
9Column E: )a!ed on E,uation 2.11 a! ollo#!8
i i i i
A I A I A I q + + + =
1 2 1 1
....
The!e are ta)ulated in Column! ; to 6.
<ext- !um Column! ; to 6 to get the total hydrograph ordinate in Column M.
The peak di!charge! are computed a! !ho#n in Ta)le 2.+ and the hydrograph
plotted in the ta)le.
The a)o$e computation can )e ea!ily done u!ing a !pread!heet.
E,uation 2.11 can )e expanded or all !u)catchment area! and all the ordinate! o
the Eecti$e (ainall .epth a! ollo#!8
1 1 1
A I q =
2 1 1 2 2
A I A I q + =
& 1 2 2 1 & &
A I A I A I q + + =
* 1 & 2 2 & 1 * *
A I A I A I A I q + + + =
+ 1 * 2 & & 2 * 1 + +
A I A I A I A I A I q + + + + =
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2
/ 1 + 2 * & & * 2 + 1 / /
A I A I A I A I A I A I q + + + + + =
7 1 / 2 + & * * & + 2 / 1 7 7
A I A I A I A I A I A I A I q + + + + + + =
The a)o$e e,uation! can )e repeated until q
12.
<ote that I7A1 i! =ero.
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&
"#$%E 2&' "I(E-#RE# (E"H)D C#%CU%#"I)*
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*
+I,URE 2&- S"UD. C#"CH(E*" +)R "I(E-#RE# (E"H)D
2.2.1.2 1o# to Create the >pread!heet
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+
T
&
91+ min:
T
1
9+ min:
T
*
92' min:
T
+
92+ min:
T
'
9' min:
T
2
91' min:
T
&'
9&' min:
?utlet
%ollo#ing are the !tep! or applying the Time-Area Method u!ing a !pread!heet
9Excel Filename: DrQuekTimeArea1a.zip:8
1. ?pen the !pread!heet DrQuekTimeArea1a.zip.
2. Enter the Area! )et#een !ucce!!i$e i!ochrone! into Column %.
&. Enter the de!ign rainall inten!ity 9mm0hr: or A(I o 1'' year!- Cell 5*.
*. Con$ert the a)o$e into rainall depth in mm- in Cell .*.
+. Enter the rainall temporal pattern- Column 5.
/. Calculate the (ainall .epth in Column C )y multiplying Column 5 )y Total
(ainall .epth 9Cell .*:.
7. Enter the lo!!e! in Column . )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*.
4. Calculate the Eecti$e (ainall 9Column E: #hich i! e,ual to (ainall .epth
9Column C: minu! the 6o!!e! 9Column .:.
7. Copy Cell! 9%1+..%2': $alue! to Cell! 9;1&..61&:- notice cell! in )lue@ Thi! i!
done to !impliy the u!e o ormula! in !pread!heet.
1'. The ordinate o the di!charge hydrograph i! calculated )y multiplying the
!u)catchment area 9Column %: #ith the Eecti$e (ainall 9Column E: )a!ed
on E,uation 2.11 a! ollo#!8
i i i i
A I A I A I q + + + =
1 2 1 1
....
11. Important@ <otice the con$er!ation actor8 I 9mm: x A 9m
2
:091''' x + min x /'
!:2 , 9m
&
0!:.
12. The!e are ta)ulated in Column! ; to 6.
1&. <ext- !um Column! ; to 6 to get the total hydrograph ordinate in Column M.
1*. The rainall hyetograph and lo# hydrograph are plotted a! !ho#n.
T#o ,ue!tion! to te!t your under!tanding o the Time-Area Method8
1. Aue!tion 18 Why are the cell! in yello# )lankB
An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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/
2. Aue!tion 28 Why are the cell! in the lo#er diagonal all =ero!B
An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
2.2.1.& Worked Example 2.4- Applying Time-Area Method to A Catchment in Denang
%ollo#ing are rele$ant data8
1. .e!ign )a!ed on 1'' year !torm or Denang.
2. Enter the Area! )et#een + !ucce!!i$e +-minute i!ochrone!8 7'-'''- 1'7-'''-
11+-'''- 12'-'''- 77-'''.
&. A!!ume the ollo#ing rainall temporal pattern8 '.1- '.2- '.&7- '.21- '.1.
*. Enter the lo!!e! in Column C )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*- or per$iou! area! 9Initial
lo!!-proportional lo!!:.
+. What i! the Ap o the hydrographB An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
2.2.1.* Worked Example 2.7- Applying Time-Area Method to A Catchment in Euching-
>ara#ak
%ollo#ing are rele$ant data8
1. .e!ign )a!ed on + year !torm or Euching- >ara#ak.
2. Area! )et#een 7 !ucce!!i$e +-minute i!ochrone!8 2'-'''- 7'-'''- 12'-'''-
4'-'''- 7'-'''- /+-''' and 2&-'''.
&. Enter the lo!!e! in Column C )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*- or imper$iou! area.
*. What i! the Ap o the hydrographB An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
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