EKT101/4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY

LABORATORY MODULE
EXPERIMENT 2
NODAL ANALYSIS AND MESH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES
OBJECTIVES
1. To construct resistive circuits and analyze the circuits using Nodal Analysis
and Mesh Analysis.
2. To test and demonstrate the validity of nodal analysis and mesh analysis
through experimental measurements.
INTRODUCTION
Basic laws such as the hm!s law and "irchho#!s laws can solve only a limited
num$er of varia$les in circuit analysis and are restricted to analyzing simple
circuits. To solve for complex circuits with a single source or circuits with more
than one source that are not in series or parallel place a need for a more
powerful techni%ues such as Nodal Analysis and Mesh Analysis. These two
techni%ues can $e used to solve almost any &ind of circuit analysis pro$lems.
The mesh analysis techni%ue will determine the currents of the circuit while the
nodal analysis approach will provide the potential levels of the nodes of the
circuit with respect to some reference.
The application of each techni%ue follows a se%uence of steps' each of which will
result in a set of e%uations with the desired un&nowns. (t is then only a matter of
solving these e%uations for the various varia$les' whether they $e current or
voltage. These e%uations can $e either solved $y using )ramer!s rule *which
allow us to o$tain circuit varia$les as a %uotient of its determinants+ or $y
calculator *if not involved complex num$er+ or $arely $y normal su$stitutions
and eliminations *not suggested for more than two e%uations+. Most of the circuit
analysis pro$lems in this course will $e limited to the three linear simultaneous
e%uations for conventional hand solutions.
EQUIPMENT/COMPONENT
Multimeter *1+
,aria$le -) .ower /upply *1+
0esistor *112 3+ 4 5.6 &' 1 & ' 2.2 &' 2.7 &' 8.9 &
Bread$oard *1+
**For all theoretical calculation results students are strictly required to
show their work in progress (formula form/complete fgures) in the
PRE!"# space pro$ided %efore the la% session& 'therwise they will %e
for%idden from participating the session& (here will %e certain marks
allocated for this part&
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EKT101/4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY
LABORATORY MODULE
PROCEDURE
1) Before inserting the resistors to the $read$oard' measure the actual value of
each resistors $y using multimeter. 0ecord all your answer in Table 3.1.
.A0T A: N-A; ANA;</(/ M=T>-
R 1 R 3 R 5
R 2 R 4
1 S
V
2 S
V
+
_
_
+
k 2 . 2
k 7 . 4
k 8 . 6
k 9 . 3
k 1
1
V
2
V
3
V
4
V
!"#$e 3.1: )ircuit to $e analyzed using Nodal Analysis method
#) )onnect the circuit as shown in !"#$e 3.1 on the $read$oard. /et ,
/1
and
,
/2
to 1?,. By using multimeter' measure node voltages at ,
1
' ,
2
' ,
5
and ,
2
.
*) 0ecord all results in Table 3.2. )ompare the di#erence $etween the
measured results and calculated results if any.
.A0T B: M=/> ANA;</(/ M=T>-
4) )onnect the circuit as shown in !"#$e 3.2 on the $read$oard. /et ,
/1
and ,
/2
to 1?,. By using multimeter' measure mesh currents (
1
' (
2
and (
5
' then $ranch
currents' (
a
and (
$
.
+) 0ecord all the measurement in Table 3.3. )ompare the di#erence $etween
the measured results and calculated results if any.
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EKT101/4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY
LABORATORY MODULE
R 1 R 3 R 5
R 2 R 4
1 S
V
2 S
V
+
_
_
+
k 2 . 2
k 7 . 4
k 8 . 6
k 9 . 3
k 1
a
I
b
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
!"#$e 3.2: )ircuit to $e analyzed using Mesh Analysis method
RESULT
Re%!%&'$
De%!"(a&!'(
Mea%#$e) Val#e *+,
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
-
R
.
Table 3.1: Measured 0esistor ,alue
Pa$a/e&e$
*V'l&%,
T0e'$e&!1al
Re%#l& *PRE2
LAB,
E34e$!/e(&al
Re%#l&
5 D!6e$e(1e
V
1
V
2
V
3
V
-
Table 3.2: Nodal Analysis Method
Pa$a/e&e$
*/!l!a/4e$e%
,
T0e'$e&!1al
Re%#l& *PRE2
LAB,
E34e$!/e(&al
Re%#l&
5 D!6e$e(1e
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EKT101/4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY
LABORATORY MODULE
I
1
I
2
I
3
I
a
I
b
Table 3.3: Mesh Analysis Method
PRE2LAB CALCULATION *S0'7 8'#$ 9IP,
*All calculations should $e done in rms values. @se measured resistor values+
1. Aor the circuit shown in !"#$e 1' write down the nodal e%uations for the
circuit and solve for ,
2
and ,
5
if $oth ,
/1
and ,
/2
are 1?,. /how all the
calculation involved and record your answers in Table 3.2.
2. )onsider the circuit in !"#$e 2. 3rite down the mesh e%uations for the
circuit and solve for (
1
' (
2
and (
5
if $oth ,
/1
and ,
/2
are 1?,. Arom the results'
determine $ranch currents (
a
and (
$
. /how all calculation involved and record
all your answers in Table 3.3.
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EKT101/4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY
LABORATORY MODULE
EVALUATION QUESTION
1. By o$servation' what are the values for )
*
and )
+
if )
,*
and )
,-
are set to
1:VB ,erify your answer.
Ans,er$
2. /tate the relationship $etween mesh currents *.
*
' .
-
and .
/
+ and $ranch
currents *.
a
and .
%
+.
Ans,er$
5. Aor the circuit in !"#$e 2.1 calculate the power a$sor$ed $y resistors 0
2
and
0
2
. @sed all measured values.
Ans,er$
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EKT101/4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY
LABORATORY MODULE
2. Try to solve ,
5
using either method of analysis. Civen ,
s
D 2E,' 0
1
D 0
2
D 0
?
D 5.5 &' 0
5
D 2.2 & and 0
2
D 1.2 &.
The method that you used for this analysis is :
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/how your calculations:
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EKT101/4 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT THEORY
LABORATORY MODULE
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