Executive summary

The purpose of this report is to design data and communications network for a private high school and
offer a solution for a modern state of the network that meets the technical and business ambitions of
the organisation.
All private schools have unique characteristics such as student population, number of schools, budget
constraints, IT staff, etc. Furthermore, individual schools have very different needs for wireless
connectivity. For example, a research by Alberta Education department (2001) states, a school that
implements a 1:1 computing initiative will have very different connectivity requirements than a
school that simply has a few desktops for labs. As a result, the network has to be specifically
designed to meet the needs.
Moreover, the school wishes to provide all the teachers with their own devices, thus shifting from the
traditional way of providing desktops in staff rooms. This will result in an increase, not only in the
volume of data movement, but also in the types of services and the nature of network traffic. The
network should be up to specifications to adjust to the increasing demand. The network architecture
also has to contain provisions for creating a wireless LAN (WLAN) inside the school premises.

The recommendations for the upgrade are:-
Use equipments that are up to the existing market standards.
Use TCP/IP as the prime protocol.
Establish 10/100 Mbps as standard for all wiring and network devices. Use cables that meet
the 100MBps requirement.
Build a physically secure wiring closet with room to expand and sufficient cooling to remove
heat.
Recognize that multimedia will become increasingly important and pervasive in all fields of
education.
When computers are being purchased, they should meet certain benchmarks
The network should keep the increased traffic in mind as not only will the amount of data
traffic rise substantially, but audio and video data will also become more common as a result
of increase in the number of various AV Teaching aids.
The technology should be flexible enough to adjust to future upgrades in client technology.
Plan for your WAN connections to change in capacity and/or number of access points. Do not
expect that slower speeds can be maintained for years to come.
Monitor Internet traffic.
Physical separation of administrative and student traffic. Filters and other network techniques
can be used for additional security and prioritisation of network traffic.



List of images and tables

Figure 1 Layout of the school4
Table 1 Current bandwidth estimation.. 6
Figure 2 Recommended laboratory planning.7





Table of contents
1. Introduction4

2. Organisational description. 4

2.1. Organisational structure 4
2.2. Physical layout.. 4
2.3. Design Considerations.. 5

3. Current Network Analysis. 5

3.1. Current bandwidth estimation.. 6

4. Description of proposed network.. 6

4.1. Computer lab design and layout... 6

4.1.1. Physical arrangement... 7
4.1.2. Desktop computers and peripherals. 7
4.1.3. Desktop computer choice. 8
4.1.4. Computer displays 8

4.2. Network server8
4.3. Cabling and other infrastructure. 9
4.4. Software.. 9
4.5. Security 9
4.6. Staffing and maintenance10
4.7. WLAN Architecture10
4.7.1. AP Deployment Consideration...10
4.8. School hosted messaging system.11
5. Financial estimates....11

6. Conclusion14




1.Introduction
The aim of this report is to assess the existing data communications network of a private school in
conjunction with its administrative and technical goals and make suitable recommendations to
modernise the network while addressing organisational needs.

2. Organisational description
2.1. Organisational structure
Like all business operations, schools have a set organisational structure with prominent power centres
and clear lines of accountability. The jobs assigned to each individual are well defined and usually
highly specific. Teachers are responsible for the academic functions of the school while
administrators and office workers look after the business and administrative side of the operation.
However, since the primary function of a school is pursuing academia, the main focus of the network
operation has to be facilitating educational operations.
2.2. Physical layout

Figure 1

Most private schools operate in a large building with dedicated rooms for each purpose. The school
presently has two computer laboratories and a library which has 20 desktops each. The school plans to
have three computer labs multimedia, programming and business studies to cater to the needs of
various user communities and reduce congestion of network traffic. Also, the network has to provide
for WLAN connectivity across the total area of the school and in the classrooms. So, the total area
under network connectivity is going to increase radically. Also, as the school looks to increase its
student capacity, it is expected that the school area may also increase in the near future.


2.3. Design Considerations
The network architecture must utilize key technologies that address the safety and security, real-time
connectivity, and multi-service requirements of the modern educational network. The architecture is
to be constructed in a manner that allows these technologies to work seamlessly together.
[CISCO. Schools Network Foundation Deployment Guide].
2.3.1. Network availabilityIn case of an accidental network failure, the system should
be able to adapt to the changed network infrastructure and re-route data immediately. This
will prevent server failures and reduce data congestion.
2.3.2. Single-fabric multi-service As the school plans to move on to a Bring-Your-
Own-Device architecture, the networks should has to provide service to different interfaces
and users. There will be increase in audio-visual communication as well as data
communication. However, the system has to remain under a single hierarchical structure to
increase efficiency and security. This is known as single-fabric multi-service technology.
2.3.3. Prioritisation of traffic The biggest challenge that a multi-service architecture
faces is the prioritisation of the different services and control traffic without data loss. The
network should be able to selectively process requests that have precedence over others.
The overall architecture of the computer network should be able to meet the requirements of future
classroom, meet the market standards of technology and help in creating a better environment for
enhanced and creative experience in the classroom.



3. Current Network Analysis
The following section describes the users as functional groups and outlines the types of applications
used by each group.
a. Administration
The administration uses the computer network for official purposes. The job is less computer-
intensive and more related to the use of peripherals like printers and scanner etc.

b. Teaching staff
At present, the teaching staffs are not regular users of the computer network. However, the
management wants to issue all teachers with laptop/i-pad. This will increase the load on the
network. However, the usage of the network by the teachers is expected to be more personal
in nature and so will not cause major traffic congestion.

c. Students
i. Multimedia/programming students they form a major chunk of users and
the work is more computer-intensive. They are the majority contributor to the
network traffic.

ii. Business students they are also regular users of the computer network,
using it from empty stations in the computer laboratories or from the library.
There work is less demanding on the network traffic, but still forms a major
chunk of the data transferred. The management plans to install a new
laboratory for the purpose of business studies, which is expected to increase
the workload of the computer network.

3.1 Current Bandwidth estimation

Labs

Staff


(2 labs + library) x
30
60 No. of staff
computers
30

Bandwidth (Kbps)
(calculated per
student)
56

Bandwidth
(Kbps)
(calculated per
staff member)
56

Percentage of
computers on LAN
concurrently in the
lab
100%

Percentage of
teaching staff
on LAN
50%
Bandwidth of cache
server
20%

Bandwidth
saved by cache
server as a
percentage
35%

Lab bandwidth
(Kbps)
3528 Staff
bandwidth
(Kbps)
294
Table 1


4. Description of proposed network

4.1 Computer lab design and layout
The computer labs will be comprised of 30 computers, 1 of which will be a dedicated instructors
station, and 2 dedicated computers to be used for scanning, digital camera use, and other multimedia
operations. The room will be also include a Smart board with integrated LCD, flatbed scanner, digital
camera, 2 networked laser printers and 2 networked colour inkjet printers. The same arrangement
shall be used in the library.


4.1.1 Physical arrangement
All the computers in the laboratories and the library will be arranged in the traditional or classic
computer lab model. This layout provides several advantages for classroom management and
control.
Advantages and drawbacks:-
a. It allows the teacher to observe all students and to judge whether they are actively
engaged. This typical design resembles a traditional classroom so students are more
likely to stay engaged.
b. A major drawback associated with this arrangement is the increase in commotion
and confusion created by the irregular movement of the students in a classroom.
This problem is countered if classes traditionally enter and exit as a group.
c. Maintenance can also be a problem as access to equipments in the middle of row is
hindered by other students and equipment on the periphery.
d. This system is also best used for individual or pairs of students rather than groups.
So, it meets the requirements of the school.

The labs will be arranged in rows as follows 2 tables against each wall each table will seat 2
students there will be four columns on each side as shown in the diagram below. These tables are
adjustable and will also help to meet the requirements of my Special needs students. The labs are
carpeted in the seating areas and this will reduce the noise generated from chairs moving around on
the floor. This will help enhancing the study environment of the laboratory.



Figure 2


4.1.2 Desktop Computers and Peripherals :

Desktops are most suited to a schools requirement as they are cheap, easy to upgrade and can be
maintained easily. Since the school laboratories, will be generally used for educational and classroom
purposes, privacy is not a problem.

Printers 1 laser 1 inkjet

Printers 1 laser 1 inkjet
SMARTBOARD
With integrated
LCD
Teacher
Station
MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER
Scanner
MULTIMEDIA COMPUTER
Digital Camera

4.1.3 Desktop Computer Choice

With these suggestions in mind, mid-level Dell desktop computers are recommended. Assuming the
average class size is 28. This provides each student with a computer, one teacher work station and two
dedicated multimedia computers. Windows based systems for the following reasons:-
Ease of operation and compatibility
Number of available applications
Ease of upgrades ( Terrill, 2006 p.26)
Dell Optiplex 780 computer
Reasons for Choosing this Desktop:
Warranty: 3 year onsite warranty
Windows 7 Professional
Intel Pentium Processor
4 GB Memory; Hard Drive 160 GB
Network Protection: Intel

vPro technology helps to isolate system threats, offering

excellent protection for your network infrastructure.

4.1.4 Computer Displays
Dell E Series E1709W 17in Wide Monitor
Astounding value displays delivering excellent display performance
Height-adjustable stand (HAS) and USB ports deliver convenience and flexibility
Energy Star 5.0, Halogen-Reduced, EPEAT Gold
Easy connectivity to peripherals through USB ports
DVI +VGA connectivity
Selected for the following reasons:
Part of the computer package which my county negotiated with this vendor
3 year parts and labour warranty
LCD small foot print.
4.2. Network Server: Dell Power Edge T-310
This server was chosen for the following reasons. It is a very powerful and complete entry level server
that can handle up to 49 users. It has advanced encryption and security features through a random
scrambling process. This provides another level of information security by protecting information
sent over this server. Users must log in to access the system. Finally, this was a very cost effective
option .
The Power Edge T310 offer more features and performance than any other basic server.
It can be readily customized with the aid of advanced systems management capabilities,
including remote management, redundancy issues, cost effective RAID options, thus making
the T310 the ideal, robust and reliable 1-socket tower server.
Dell includes a 3 year parts and labor warranty.
one server can handle from 1- 49 users

Purchased only switches to pass information over this network. Such a choice was made for the
following reasons: They are far more efficient; moreover, they send information only to the users that
need it. They do not flood the network by spreading the information to all users thus reducing the
volume of unnecessary traffic in the network, thus keeping more resources free.
Netgear GS108 8-Port fast, auto-switching Ethernet connection integrates 10, 100, and
1000 Mbps devices into your network
These switches connect your network with the dual advantages of performance and
convenience.
Supports Windows and Macintosh platforms at speeds up to 10x faster than Fast
Ethernet+

4.3. Cabling and other infrastructure
Cat5e cable is used for a variety of reasons. It is coated to reduce or prevent fires. These cables will
be running through ceilings and behind walls. It is required for this type of installation (Terrill, 2006
p.49). Cat5e cable is a budget friendly alternative to the more capable but more expensive fiber optic
option.
4.4. Software
Microsoft Office suite and Adobe Acrobat Reader are selected as a part of the Windows Operating
System (OS). The Windows OS is chosen because of its ease of use with other programs. Most
students and teachers are familiar with and use Microsoft office and its associated programs and
applications. Windows is also the most cost effective operating system in terms of user servicing and
troubleshooting. Finally Windows and its associated programs are the most common applications in
the public school system. Finally, Windows has a fairly steep initial cost, but it provides long term
benefits. These budget issues have become even more pressing in our current economic cycle. Finally,
Windows is cost-effective for this school system in that it is so easy to install and to maintain.
4.5. Security:
Cables and locks are used to secure the computers, and other peripherals because of the ease of use
and enhanced level of security. They provide another obstacle to wood be thieves.
This universal scissor clip computer lock kit provides a high level of security.
Many more available key numbers for increased security.
Enhanced pick resistance.
Norton Anti-Virus software guarantees high user satisfaction as well as their price point made the
selection of this product to protect the computers from viruses an easy one. The software will
automatically scan each computer each evening for viruses and threats, It will repair or fix these
threats as needed. In addition once a week all computers will be automatically backed up to ensure
that data is protected.

WebSense, a web filtering software, is used to achieve regulatory compliance for Internet child
protection. Internet safety policies determined by the school include, technology protection measures
to block or filter Internet access to content that is obscene, or child pornography, or is harmful to
minors. This software allows teachers to monitor student use of the Internet. It restricts access by
minors to inappropriate content on the Internet and provides an additional level of safety and security
for minors when using e-mail, IM chat rooms, and other forms of direct electronic communications.
It prevents unauthorized access, including so-called "hacking," and other unlawful activities by
minors online and finally, it restricts minors' access to materials harmful to them.
4.6. Staffing and Maintenance:
School Technology Committee will provide daily support for this computer lab. Committee
members will receive recertification credit for supporting this project.
Basic computer maintenance will be provided by the in house Information Technology (ITC).
All major components of this lab are covered by a 3 year parts and labour warranty.


4.7. WLAN Architecture
The utilization of WLANs in schools has emerged over the years, as one of the most effective and
interactive means for connecting to school network architecture, given the changing patterns of
network traffic of students and staff. The Cisco Unified Wireless Network (CUWN) is acclaimed
as a unified, wired and wireless network solution that addresses the wireless network security,
deployment, management, and control aspects of deploying a wireless network. The CUWN
incorporates the most effective components of wireless and wired networking, in order to realize
the security and scalability requirements of a wireless network with a low total cost of ownership.
[CISCO, (2012)]
4.7.1 AP Deployments Considerations
As with any other WLAN deployment, the key design decisions are as follows:
i. Area required under the network coverage
ii. level of performance expected of the WLAN coverage.
However, network requirements of a school have some basic differences with the network
requirements in other operations. Because of the structured and routinely operations in a school, the
networks often experiences bulk changes in network traffic. As a class begins activity together, this
causes a sudden spike in the traffic. This problem is not seen in any other business operation. The
school network architecture should be designed such that it is able to meet such sudden bulk traffic.
Generally, one WLAN Access Point can serve 15-20 users simultaneously, but this sudden periods of
congestion reduces the efficiency. So, it would be advisable to use two access pointer per classroom
to avoid further problems.





AP 1250
The Cisco 1250 Series is a rugged indoor access point (AP), designed with the aim of meeting the
challenges of complex RF environments, in which the antenna versatility is associated with
connectorized antennas, a rugged metal enclosure, and a broad operating temperature range. Data
rates of up to 600 Mbps have been instrumental in providing users with access to high-bandwidth
services, which include data, voice, and video applications. The 802.11n provides reliable and
predictable WLAN coverage to improve the end-user experience for both existing 802.11a/b/g clients
and new 802.11n clients.
4.8. School hosted messaging system
For interventions intending to use tailored, two-way messaging, a system with a customized, in-house
text messaging application and an external SMS gateway provider may be the best choice (see figure
below). This type of program will allow for more customizability in scheduling, reporting, tailoring,
and personalizing of messages. They have greater flexibility interfacing with other health it systems
and can incorporate conditional branching logic. Outgoing responses can be tailored to the recipients
response. Application customization usually requires the assistance of a programmer, or application
developer. Many application vendors provide this service. There is usually some set-up expense and
fees for sending messages. [Microelectronics Centre of North Carolina (MCNC) (2013)]


5. Financial estimates
Desktop Computers
Dell Optiplex 780 computer
(Virginia K-12 Contract)
Each desktop comes with a 17 in.
LCD monitor and the monitor can
be placed on top on the CPU.
30 desktops need to be procured.
30 at
$928.00
Network Server
Dell Power Edge T-310
1 server can handle from 1- 49
users.
1 at
$2,184.41
Switches
Netgear GS108 8-Port high-speed,
auto-switching 10/100/1000 Mbps
Ethernet connection. 4 of these
will provide 32 connections.
4 at
$59.99
Smart board with integrated LCD
The SMART Board 600i
interactive whiteboard system
combines a SMART interactive
whiteboard, a SMART UF65
1 at
$4,100.0

projector and an extended control
panel.
Black and White Laser Printer
HP LaserJet P4015n
These printers can handle 30+
users.
These printers will be connected to
the network.
2 at $1129.99
Color inkjet printers
HP Officejet Pro 8000 printer
CB092A#B1H
34 ppm black
These printers will be connected to
the network
2 at
$99.00
Flatbed scanner
HP Scanjet G4050 Photo Scanner
Optical: Up to 4800 dpi
Enhanced: Up to 999999 dpi
1 at
$159.99
Digital Camera
HP PW460t Digital camera 12.5
megapixels, 4x optical zoom, 5x
digital zoom
1 at
$124.19
Miscellaneous
Headphones
Coby Deep Bass Lightweight
Stereo Headphones CVH42
35 at
$3.06
Surge Protectors
Philips SPP1135WA/17 office
Surge Protector - 8-Outlet, 4320
Joules, 6ft Cord, Black
There will be one needed for each
computer table plus one needed for
the printers, for a total of 17.
17 at
$19.99
Cabling
Cat5e 1000FT 24AWG Cat5e 350MHz
UTP Solid, Riser Rated (CMR), Bulk
Ethernet Cable
1 at
$65.10
Computer Tables
Versa tables
17 Basic Computer Tables 2
station Dimensions: 60'' X 24''
Frame Color: Black River
Surface Color: Black Matrix
17 at
$239.00






























Chairs
Heavy-Duty Upholstered
Stack Chair 30+2 extra
32 at
$32.40
Security and Software
Universal Scissor Clip Computer Lock
Kit. With cables.
35 at
$20.95
Microsoft Office
Standard 2007 Windows Site
License ( public School price)
$44.35
Adobe Acrobat 8.0
Windows Professional Site License
( public School price)
$39.52
Norton Anti-Virus
Norton 360 Version 4.0
3 - 10 multi-user packs
3 at
$239.99
Filtering Software
Websense Web Filtering Software
for Public and Private Schools,
Libraries. Each desktop must have
a site license ($40) phone Quote

30 at
$40.00
Staffing
Lab Support
School Technology Committee will
provide daily support for this computer lab.
Committee members will receive
recertification credit for supporting this
project.
$1,236.00
Miscellaneous
Expenses

6. Conclusions
The findings of this report are as follows:
6.1. Architectural overhaul As the present network architecture doesnt support wireless
connectivity, the entire network architecture has to be changed to incorporate a hierarchical
WLAN architecture that provides network connectivity throughout the total area of the
school. This will require a substantial investment from the school administration.

6.2. BYOD architecture As the school management plans to issue all teachers with their
own devices, the present network of desktops have to give way to a Bring-Your-Own-Device
architecture that will allow connectivity to all the systems.

6.3. Flexibility As the school administration is looking to double the capacity of the school,
there has to be adequate room for increased traffic as well as increase in the number of
connected devices. Since, increased traffic means increased server volume, a dedicated room
for server purposes, with adequate provisions of cooling has also been recommended.

References:
1. Rusten, E. and Hudson H. E., 2009. Infrastructure: Hardware, Networking, Software and
Connectivity, JTE.
2. Tanenbaum A. S. and Wetherhall. D. J., 2010. Computer Networks 5
th
edition, Wiley.
3. CISCO, c. 2012. Schools Network Foundation Deployment Guide.
4. Alberta Education Department, 2001. Network Design: Best Practices for Alberta School
Jurisdiction.
5. Microelectronics Centre of North Carolina (MCNC), 2013. Designing and building a Campus
Wireless Network.