INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318

PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014)
15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014

SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS

1
Mrunal A.Kausal,
2
I shwar J adhav,
3
S.R.Pachpande,
4
Kantilal P.Rane

1
Godavari college of Engineering,ME Student, Jalgaon (Maharashtra), INDIA,
2
Godavari college of Engineering,
Asst.Professor in Electronics & Telecommunication Department, Jalgaon (Maharashtra), INDIA,
3
J.T.M.College of
Engineering,Asst.Professor in Electronics & Telecommunication Department,Faizpur(Maharashtra), INDIA,
4
Godavari college
of Engineering, Head of Electronics & Telecommunication Department, Jalgaon (Maharashtra), INDIA.
Emails: mrunalkausal@gamil.com , ishwar.jadhav@rediffmail.com,kantiprane@rediffmail.com


Abstract-- This paper presents the idea about progressive radio
frequency identification (RFID) technology in library
automation. The use of RFID technology is a major factor to
create a move towards self service operations and other aspects
of improving efficiency in library. The drawbacks of current
library automation and the need for new design principles that
take advantage of technology such as RFID. The goal of this
paper is to find out whether RFID render any significant
benefits to library management and how these benefits reflect to
customer satisfaction. In this paper we are using the RFID
technology for identifying the books and persons based on
unique Tag number and Microcontroller which is ARM7
architecture will process the data and sends it personal computer
side data base in which the data base will be maintained about
the person.
I ndex TermsRFID, Library automation.
I. INTRODUCTION
Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) devices have an
important presence in our daily life and they will become
appearing in the near future. Passive RFID is flay to replace
bar codes in library applications. The bar-code system used in
libraries is very time consuming and labor intensive. In the
opposite, the RFID system provides a solution to effectively
collect, manage, and distribute books. Radio Frequency
identification (RFID) allows an item, (i.e. library book) to be
tracked and communicated with by using radio waves. In a
library environment, RFlD technology it provides a means of
assigning an ID to and item and reading that ID to perform
circulation transactions.
RFID is an electronic technology whereby digital data
encoded in an RFID tag is retrieved utilizing a reader. In
contrast to bar code technology, RFID systems do not require
line-of-sight access to the tag in order to retrieve the tags
data.
The first step is to decide on which kind of RFID reader and
tag is used for library automation. The importance of reader
are what kind of tag it reads operating frequency, capability
of near reading, writing inside the tag , connection type with
computer The reader has two main functions: the first is to
transmit a carrier signal, and the second is to receive a
response from any tags in proximity of the reader. A tag
needs to receive the carrier signal, modify it in some way
corresponding to the data on the card, and retransmit the
modified response back to the reader.
Secondly tags which are located in book are binding with the
specific Id. In modern passive RFID devices; the tag consists
of a small integrated circuit and an antenna. The benefit of
passive RFID is that it requires no internal power source; the
circuit on the tag is actually powered by the carrier signal.
Thus, the carrier signal transmitted from the reader must be
considerably large so that the response can be read even from
the card[7].
In practical applications of using RFID technology, a tag is
attached to an object used to identify the target, when the
target object pass through the area that the reader can read,
the tag and the reader builds up the radio signal connections,
the tag sends its information to the reader, such as unique
code and other data stored on, the reader receives those
information and decodes them, and then sends to a host
computer so as to complete the whole information
processing[1].
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
A smart Book-Locating System called BLOCS[2] with two
location modes using RFID technology -single book mode
and book list mode. The single book mode provides users to
find the bookshelf containing the desired book which was
misplaced. The book list mode offers a corresponding list of
the bookshelves and the misplaced books regularly for a
librarian to localize all misplaced books in wrong
bookshelves.
The library shelf management system [3] was developed
using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).The research
was developed in integrating the RFID system and the
creation of Graphical User Interface (GUI) at the host PC. An
internet based concept is incorporated with RFID technology
to form an internet based application for
the library management [4].This reader is a compatible reader
that can read any kind of tag of frequencies like Low, High &
A Paper on RFID in Library Automation
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318
PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014)
15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014

SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS

Ultra High. Every user and every book is provided with
a RFID Tag which has a dedicated, unique EPC (Electronic
Product Code) which is made in relation to the database for
the further details. In this paper the problems & issues faced
in the library environment like locating the misplaced or mis-
shelved book or materials, reducing the manual work & ease
access of the books are done and a solution is developed that
could overcome these problems with the better enhanced
work.
Till now the barcode system used in libraries. It is
extremely time consuming and labor intensive. Relative
advantages of RFID technology to current barcode based
technology have become widely known such as contact-less
recognition, batch processing of data, and reusability. When
an item is borrowed the barcode tag is desensitized and when
returned the tag is activated again. Barcodes do not offer any
benefits for collection management. It can be said that the
defining characteristic of barcode based library management
is the lack of efficiency.In libraries there are tasks, such as
check-in and check-out, that can be further automated by use
of this technology. Though self service check-in units can also
be based on barcodes, RFID offers better functionality. RFID
readers can recognize several books at once where as with
barcodes each book needs to be read separately. This will
save time as the library staff and patrons to return their books.
Table I.Comparison of RFID and Barcode [1]


With barcode based systems, when a new book arrives to a
library it needs to be labeled with a barcode and also with an
electromagnetic tag that is used for anti-theft purposes. On the
other hand, a single RFID tag can be utilized for both
circulation management and for anti-theft purposes. This
makes processing ne+w books and making them ready for
circulation much faster. Thus, RFID also makes security more
efficient[1].
III. METHODOLOGY
RFID is a sensor-based technology consisting of three key
elements: RFID tags (transponders), RFID readers
(transceivers), and a data collection, distribution, and
management system (middleware) that has the ability to
identify or scan information with increased speed and
accuracy[12].

Fig.1 RFID Library Management system

RFID technology is involved in various modules in libraries.
Such as Tagging station to tag the RFID label to each library
material; patrons self check-out station to borrow the books
using the self service; book drop station is used to return the
books; and anti-theft security gates ensure the items are
checked-out before leaving the library by detecting if the
RFID label that are attached in the item is activated; and
finally as to the self management, for example patrons can
track the searching items that were miss-shelved by the use of
RFID handheld reader.
The main library adopts RFID technology aim of improving
the self service. Patrons can borrow and return the items using
automatic lending machines, which require a library card and
a PIN. Self service becomes much easier with this new
technology as it does not require line of sight and max. Aim
of this paper is implementing new generation of Library
Management System. A simple diagram of this
implementation can be show as below:

Fig.2 Block diagram of system

The Patron Self Check-in station is basically a display with a
keypad and a built-in RFID reader, plus special software for
personal identification, book and other media handling and
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318
PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014)
15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014

SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS
circulation. After identifying the patron with a library ID card,
a rfid card, or his personal ID number (PIN), the patron is
asked to choose the next action (check-in of one or several
books). After choosing check-in , the patron puts the books in
front of the screen on the RFID reader and the display will
show the book title and its ID number (other optional
information can be shown if desired).Then patron chooses
return and then puts one book or a stack of books onto the
reader. Patron will receive a confirmation.This flow is
illustrated by Fig.3.


Fig.3 Flow diagram of System

1) Microcontroller

We know that there so many types of micro controller
families.Those are 8051,AVR microcontroller,PIC
microcontroller, ARM.
We are choosing ARM7 because it is a low-power, general
purpose 32-bit RISC microprocessor. Its simple, elegant and
fully static design is particularly suitable for cost and power-
sensitive applications. The ARM7s small die size makes it
ideal for integrating into a larger custom chip that could also
contain RAM, ROM, logic, DSP and other cells [10].

Fig.4 LPC2144/46/48[10]

2) RFID Reader

Readers come in many forms, operate on different
frequencies, and may offer a wide range of functionality.
Readers may have their own processing power and internal
storage,and may offer network connectivity.In this system two
kind of readers are used. One is fixed reader and another one
is handheld.



Fig.5 RFID Reader

3) RFID Tags

A RFID tag is shown in figure .The antenna is clearly
visible. The antenna has the largest impact of the size of the
tag. The microchip is visible in the center of the tag, and since
this is a passive tag it does not have an internal power source
[14].RFID Tags are attached to books and student identity
card.


Fig.6 RFID Tag [14]

4) LCD

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for
electronically displaying information such as text, images,
and moving pictures [7]. We dicided to use LCD because of
following reasons.
1. The decreasing prices of LCDs.
2. The ability to display numbers, characters and
graphics. LCD displays two lines, 20 characters per
line, which is interfaced to the microcontroller.
3. Simplicity of programming for characters and
graphics.
IV. RESULTS
The system is successfully implemented where the expected
result is shown on the PC.Fig.7 shows the main form of
library management system.It displays after scaning RFID ID
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Approved by CSIR-NISCAIR ISSN NO: 2277-7318
PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICMSET-2014)
15th - 16th FEBRUARY, 2014

SPECIAL ISSUE IJAECS 2014 ICMSET PROCEEDINGS

card of patron.This form gives the information about member
in right side textbox.After this the patron puts the books in
front of the screen on the RFID reader and the display will
show the book title, its ID number and other optional
information can be shown if desired.Then patron select return
botton.At the backend the database update automatically and
patron will receive a confirmation.



Fig.7 Main form of library management system
V. REFERENCES
[1] Dai Yu Implementation of rfid Technology in library systems case
study: turku city library lahti university of applied sciences faculty of
Business Studies Business Information Technology Thesis Spring 2011
[2] Kuen-Liang Sue ; Nat. Central Univ., Taoyuan ; Yi-Min LoBLOCS:
A Smart Book-Locating System Based on RFID in LibrariesService
Systems and Service Management, 2007 InternationalConference.
[3] Bin Abdullah, A.T. ; Fac. of Electr. Eng., Univ. Teknol. MARA, Shah
Alam, Malaysia ; Ismail, I.B. ; Ibrahim, A.B. ; Hakim Bin Noor,
M.Z.Library shelf management system using RFID technology
System Engineering and Technology (ICSET), 2011 IEEE International
Conference.
[4] Renold, A.P. ; Dept. of TIFAC-CORE in Pervasive Comput. Technol.,
Anna Univ., Chennai, India ; Joshi, R.R. An internet based RFID
library management system Information & Communication
Technologies (ICT), 2013 IEEE Conference.
[5] Dong Zhang ; North Univ. of China Libr., Taiyuan, China ; Xiling Shi
Self-service management platform design for library based on RFID
Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce
(AIMSEC), 2011 2nd International Conference.
[6] Yahia Zare Mehrjerdi RFID: the big player in the libraries of the
future The Electronic Library Vol. 29 No. 1, 2011 pp. 36-51.
[7] n.kalyani, g.navya chowdary ch.s.a.l.pavani , r.sandhya ratna
kumariRfid Based Secured access System Using 8051
Microcontroller
[8] C. Srujana, B. Rama Murthy, K.Tanveer Alam, U. Sunitha,
Mahammad D.V, P.Thimmaiah Development of RFID Based Library
Management System Using MATLAB International Journal of
Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249 8958,
Volume-2, Issue-5, June 2013
[9] Library RFID Management System Libbest.
[10] LPC214x_User_Manual.
[11] Dhaval H Kotecha Automation in Library using RFID Technology
6th Convention PLANNER - 2008, Nagaland University, Nagaland,
November 06-07, 2008 INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad
[12] Paul Golding and Vanesa Tennant University of Technology, Jamaica
Evaluation of a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Library
System: Preliminary Results International Journal of Multimedia and
Ubiquitous Engineering Vol. 3, No. 1, January 200
[13] Stephen A. Weis MIT CSAIL RFID (Radio Frequency Identification):
Principles and Applications
[14] Christoph Jechlitschek A Survey Paper on Radio Frequency
IDentification (RFID) Trends