Advance Research Methods

Submitted to: - Muhammad Abbas

Submitted By: - Waqas Ahmad
CMS No: - 14248

Group: - B

Semester: - 1
st



Subject: - Inductive and Detuctive Research Methods

Teachers Remarks







RESEARCH

The systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to
establish facts and reach new conclusions.
OR
An endeavour to discover new or collate old facts etc. by the scientific study of a subject or by
a course of critical investigation.
Two types of research known as inductive research and deductive research.
First of all we have to know about identifying reasoning.

IDENTIFYING REASONING

When identifying reasoning we have to find claim, support and look the claim is justified
by the support. If we cant identify the claim in an argument we cant identify the reasoning.

INDUCTIVE REASONING

Inductive reasoning is a method of drawing inferences from observation. Few steps for
inductive reasoning are
Claim is supported by empirical evidence
Empirical evidence must be observed. Either first hand or otherwise.
If the evidence is sufficient, relevant, and accurate then the claim is reasonable.
An inductive argument is disputed when
The evidence is insufficient, irrelevant or inaccurate.
The claim is worded in such a way when that it make the evidence
inefficient, irrelevant or inaccurate.
Using inductive reasoning, one starts with a specific observation as the basis for which we
develop a general pattern and tentative hypothesis as the foundation of a theory.




INDUCTIVE AND DEDUCTIVE RESEARCH

Inductive and deductive research methods are the two methods which we use in the
research. First of all we have to know the main definition of these both.

INDUCTIVE RESEARCH

Inductive research also known as a qualitative research. It is a process where we observe
specific phenomena and on the basis arrive at general conclusions. Inductive research starts off
with specific observations and move towards general ideas or theory to capture what they show.


Inductive reasoning is often referred to as a bottom-up approach to knowing, in which the
researcher uses observations to build an abstraction or to describe a picture of the phenomenon
that is being studied. It starts from observation to pattern then hypothesis and then at last ends
at theory.

EXAMPLES OF INDUCTIVE REASONING

Wahaj and Waqas are wo friends. Wahaj likes to dance, cook and write. Waqas likes to
dance and cook. Therefore it can be assumed he also likes to write.
In this example we oberve that the some activates are common between two friends then we
assume that the writing activity also like by Waqas so we make a theory that waqas also like to
write.
The other example is the all observed basketball players are tall, so all basketball players must
be tall.

DEDUCTIVE RESEARCH