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c
c
c
c
=
c
c
+
c
c
) (
) (
(2)
In this equation,
i
v ,
j
v and
i
y ,
j
y are velocity components and coordinate components of
fluid; Q is fluid pressure; v = is motion viscosity coefficient of fluid;
i
D is Generalized
source term.
3.2 The energy equation
FLUENT can do the heat transfer analysis by activating energy transmission module which is
as shown in Figure 1[6-7].
Figure 1. Energy transmission module
FLUENT calculates the energy equation as follows:
dS w q dS gz
w
v aw dV gz
w
v a
a
CS
n
CS
n
kV
}} }} }}}
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
c
c
2 2
2 2
(3)
In which, g is acceleration of gravity. z is z coordinate value; S is calculation area;
n
q is
Normal pressure [8].
Research on Numerical Simulation of Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger in Dedicated Ventilation System Based on FLUENT Software
Lian Zhang, Yufeng Zhang
251
}} }} }}
+ =
CS CS
n
CS
n
dS w dS qw dS w q t
(4)
The internal and external fluid temperature of heat pipe heat exchanger can be determined as
formula.
0
2 2
2 2
=
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ + + +
|
|
.
|
\
|
+ +
}} }}}
ds
a
q
gz
w
v aw dV gz
w
v a
kS
n
kV
(4)
Fluid temperature calculation formula of inside and outside of heat pipe heat exchanger pipe
can be identified as:
G t m al w al
b
+ V - V = - V +
c
c
) ( ) ( ) ( (6)
In which, l is
}
t
trd
p
dt m ; m is heat conductivity; t is temperature. G is solid heat source.
4. Numerical simulation of FLUENT heat exchanger dedicated ventilation
system
FLUENT software is the most popular CFD software on the market at present. Its share reached
60% in the American market. The online survey found that FLUENT is CFD software which is also
widely used in China. Heat pipe heat exchanger dedicated ventilation system model is simulated as
shown in Figure 2 [9-10].
Figure 2. Heat pipe heat exchanger dedicated ventilation system model
Mainly analyzes parameters of heat pipe heat exchanger dedicated ventilation system is shown in
Table 3.
Table 3. Main parameters
Flow /(m
3
/h) Re Pu1 Pu2
73.2 5.08e3 20.3 23.1
108.5 5.10 e3 21.2 23.5
120.3 5.12 e3 21.8 23.8
125.6 5.14 e3 22.5 24.2
130.4 5.15 e3 22.9 24.6
Research on Numerical Simulation of Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger in Dedicated Ventilation System Based on FLUENT Software
Lian Zhang, Yufeng Zhang
252
In Table 3, it lists the ventilation flow of per hour and Reynolds number. It gives two in case
coefficient. We can set calculation through these parameters in FLUENT.
4.1 Grid partition
FLUET software provides two forms of grid division, and one is unstructured grid, the other is
structured grid. Structured grid generally applied in flow field calculation and other large eddy
simulations, and the grid is regular and the flow field distribution is close to actual situation.
Unstructured grid used to divide model complex structure grid which can apply to calculate
engineering example which gradient is great change. In this paper, the heat pipe heat exchanger
dedicated ventilation system model is more complex, so we used the unstructured grid and the grid
combined of hexahedron and hexagonal prisms which is shown in following figure. We encrypt grid
around each root of heat exchange tube which makes the result of calculation more accurate [11-12].
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of grid partition
4.2 Design of boundary condition
Setting of flow field boundary conditions [13-14]:
Speed entry: inlet;
Free exports: outflow;
Wall surface: wall;
Other wall default: wall;
Solver and turbulence model:
Turbulence model use: K - e model.
Separate Solver (Segregated Solver);
Time item choice: Unsteady;
Unsteady Formulation: 2 nd - Order Implicit;
Temperature interpolation method: Pressure Second;
Temperature field coupling mode: SIMPLEC algorithm.
Research on Numerical Simulation of Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger in Dedicated Ventilation System Based on FLUENT Software
Lian Zhang, Yufeng Zhang
253
Figure 4. Calculating residual curve
The default setting of residual curve is 10-3. In the calculation, display residual curve will see that
the value will change after each calculation. Until the residual value is lower than the setting value, the
calculation is convergence. Residual value points to the difference of results after every calculation and
the last calculation. We can see from figure that curve goes down in fifty - 200 steps and is stable in
10-5 which indicates that the calculation results are reliable [15-17].
Research on Numerical Simulation of Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger in Dedicated Ventilation System Based on FLUENT Software
Lian Zhang, Yufeng Zhang
254
Figure 5. Temperature profile
As shown in the photo, the temperature of blue part is lower, and red part is higher. We can take a
piece of pipe to study and analyze. According to the simulation results, we can know that two
temperatures of dedicated ventilation system heat exchange tube are higher. The temperature of
intermediate ventilation pipe is lower due to the initial wind cooling. The highest temperature can
reach 350 k, and the minimum temperature is 300 k which is the initial temperature [18-22].
5. Conclusions
This paper analyzes a new type of heat pipe heat exchanger dedicated ventilation system. Firstly,
it establishes the flow field and solid field control equation mathematical model based on
computational fluid dynamics CFD theory. Then it established energy transport equation through the
FLUENT energy transmission module. It simulates heat pipe heat exchanger dedicated ventilation
system, and got the calculated residual map and temperature flow field distribution. Through the
residual analysis, we find that calculation meets the requirements of high precision calculation. The
temperature of ventilation tube and the wall is lower. The highest temperature is 350 k, and the
minimum temperature is the initial temperature of 300k. The temperature outside the tube is higher
which is coinciding with the temperature field distribution of actual working condition. This paper used
the method of numerical simulation to design and research the heat pipe heat exchanger dedicated
ventilation system. It breaks the pattern of big experimental period and high cost brought by
experimental research institute. It provides a forward-looking theory method and data reference for the
design of heat pipe heat exchanger dedicated ventilation system.
6. Acknowledgements
The foundation of TianJ in Sino-German Vocational Technical College (zdkt2012-046).
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255
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