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USE OF RECYCLED MATERIAL IN

HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION

A Seminar Report Submitted in partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Bachelor of Technology
In Civil Engineering
By
BIDYUT PRABHA MOHAPATRA
Regd. No: 1001337001
Vikash College of engineering for women, Bargarh
(Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Rourkela)




Under the Supervision of
Mr. Girish Narayan Prajapati
Lecturer in Civil Engineering
Department Of Civil Engineering
Vikash College of Engineering for Women, Bargarh



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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
VIKASH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
FOR WOMEN, BARGARH
(Biju Pattnaik University of Technology, Rourkela)








CERTIFICATE




This is to certify that the Seminar entitled USE OF RECYCLED MATERIAL
IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION has been submitted by BIDYUT PRABHA
MOHAPATRA, bearing Regd. No: 1001337001 under my guidance in partial
fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering of
Vikash College Of Engineering For Women, Bargarh , during the academic year
2013-2014(Semester-VIII).










Mr. Girish Narayan Prajapati
GUIDE
Department of Civil Engineering
Vikash College Of Engineering For Women
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS





It is a moment of joy of express my gratitude and bestows thanks on each
and everyone for their boundless encouragement, support and assistance.

With immense, I record my bowlful gratitude and thanks to my inspiring,
source of strength my dear guide. I am in loss of words to express my profound
thanks and gratefulness to that great Icon, My guide Mr. Girish Narayan
Prajapati, Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash College of
Engineering For Women, Bargarh, for his inspiring guidance, indefatigable help,
and constant encouragement during the preparation for my seminar. Without which
it would have not been possible to complete this Seminar successfully.

Thanks, is just not enough to express my gratitude towards my department,
Department of Civil Engineering, Vikash College of Engineering For Women,
Bargarh, because it has been the source of my knowledge and motivation behind
the entire work of this seminar.

I express my deep sense of gratitude to my parents, friends and well-wishers
for their good will. I would also like to record my heartfelt thanks to other
faculties members of the CE department in Vikash College of Engineering For
Women, Bargarh.






Bidyut prabha Mohapatra

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DECLARATION


I, Bidyut prabha Mohapatra, bearing Regd. No:-
1001337001 hereby declare that this seminar topic
presented by me entitled as USE OF RECYCLED MATERIAL
IN HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION is original and this has not been
submitted to anywhere else for the award of any other degree.


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CONTENTS


1. INTRODUCTION

2. TYPES OF RECYCLED MATERIAL USED IN HIGHWAY
CONSTRUCTION??

3. TECHNIQUES USED FOR CONSTRUCTION..

4. STEPS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION..

5. RESULTS AFTER TESTING THE MODIFIED ROAD.

6. CONCLUSION

7. REFERENCE..












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ABSTRACT
Now a days waste material is everywhere in todays lifestyle .The
disposal of waste materials like plastic,glass,municipal waste combustion ash,blast
furnace slag,steel slag,scrape tyres,waste roofing shingles and carpet fibres is a
great problem. Out of these some are non-biodegradable products due to
which materials pose environmental pollution and problems like breast
cancer, reproductive problem in humans and animals, genital abnormalities
and even a decline in human sperm count and quality. In recent years,
application of these recycled materials has been considered in highway
construction with great interest in many developing countries. The use of
these materials in highway construction is based on technical, economic, and
ecological criteria. Several million metric tons of the above mentioned wastes
are produced in India every year. If these materials can be suitably utilized in
highway construction, the pollution and disposal problems may be partly
reduced. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these wastes in India, it was
thought expedient to test these materials and to develop specifications to
enhance the use of the above recycled materials in highway construction, in
which higher economic returns may be possible. The possible use of these
recycled materials should be developed for construction of low-volume roads
in different parts of our country. A review of various recycled material for use
in the construction of highways has been discussed in this paper.
Waste material is everywhere in todays lifestyle which can be
recycled and can be used in highways construction.It is used for packaging
protecting, serving and even disposing of all kinds of consumer goods with the
industrial revolution , mass production of goods started and plastic seemed to
be a cheaper and effective raw material .Today ,every vital sector of the
economy starting from agriculture to packaging , automobile ,building
construction ,communication or Info tech has been virtually revolutionized by
the application of the above waste materials. Use of these bio decradable and
non- bio degradable (according to recent studies, plastic can stay unchanged
for as long as 4500 years on earth) product is growing rapidly and the
problem is what to do with these wastes. studies have linked the improper
disposal of plastic to problem as distant as breast cancer, reproductive
problem in humans and animals, genital abnormalities and even a decline in
human sperm count and quality .if a ban is put on the use of plastics,glass,steel
slag etc on emotional grounds, the real cost would be much higher, the
inconvenience much more, the chances of damage or contamination is much
greater.

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I NTRODUCTI ON




Growing population is the main cause of increased production
of waste material.
The solution of the above problem is converting the waste
martial into useful material.
O The main purpose of recycling the waste material is:-
To solve the environmental problems
To get the economic and Engineering benefits.
To disseminate the knowledge of recycle material.
To minimize the use of natural resources.
Growing population is the main cause of increased
production of waste material.
The solution of the above problem is converting the waste
martial into useful material.
O The main purpose of recycling the waste material is:-
To solve the environmental problems
To get the economic and Engineering benefits.
To disseminate the knowledge of recycle material.
To minimize the use of natural resources.
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RECYCLED WASTE MATERI ALS USED I N ROAD
COSTRUCTI ON


Now the waste materials used in highway construction are >>

Blast furnace slag

Plastics

Glass

Municipal waste combustion ash

Steel slag

Scrap tires

Waste roofing Shingles

Carpet fibers

BLAST FURNACE SLAG

It Consists of silicates and aluminosilicates of lime and
other bases.
Slag cement has low heat hydration, good long term
strength gain and high chemical resistance.
Slag cement containing more than 80% granulated blast
furnace slag.

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It is used as a cement additive in granulated form.




Plastic

Plastic comprises more than 8% of the total weight of municipal
waste stream and about 12% to 20% of its volume.
Recycled plastic is also used for guardrail posts, fence
posts,noisebarrier and signposts.
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Plastic is also used in asphalt cement modifier, Portland cement
concrete and as an additive to asphalt concrete .










Hollow sign post made of recycled plastic







Noise walls filled with rubber and plastics


GLASS
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C The ability to use the waste glass in highway construction
depends on types of collection methods used, costs and
public sectors.
C Now large quantity of waste glass is needed for major
politan areas.
C Glass is also used in a dense and open graded base
course as well as in pipe backfill, pipe bedding and the
storm drain and also used as substitute for an aggregate
in asphalt pavement concrete.













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MUNICIPAL WASTE COMBUSTION ASH

Combustion of municipal ash produces three types of
ash:-
< Fly ash
< Bottom ash
< Combined ash

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Municipal waste combustion ash



Fly ash

Common is coal flyash, primary components of coal fly
ash are silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide &
calcium oxide.
It is used as a mineral admixture to Portland cement
concrete.

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Use of fly ash in road construction

Construction of fly ash stabilized road



Bottom ash

- Most municipal waste combustion ash approximately (80
to 99%) is bottom ash
- It has much coarse gradation. a recent study of its use as
a sub base material showed that it has sufficient
engineering properties to perform adequately.
- Bottom ash has also been marketed as an aggregate for
lightweight concrete. Coal boiler slag has been used as an
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abrasive in pavement deicing product and as a sand
blasting abrasive.
- This is used as substitute in asphaltic base course, the
result is that after the use of this performance in same as
conventional pavement.


COMBINED ASH

= When fly ash & bottom ash are placed in landfills, they
are generally combined.
= The recent research involve the use of combined MWC
ash as an aggregate in stabilized and unstabilized
bases,subbases and also in asphalt pavement.



Combined ash used in Asphalt pavement
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STEEL SLAG

O A by products of the steel making is produced during the
separation of the molten steel from impurities in steel
making furnace. The slag occurs as a molten liquid molt
and is a complex solution of silicates and oxides that
solidifies upon cooling.
O It is estimated that between 7.0 and 7.5 million metric
tone is used each year in United States.
O Bituminous mixtures containing steel slag exhibited high
stability, high skid resistance & longer heat retention.
O Steel slag is also used as a granular base embankments
or as an aggregate in highway construction, shoulder and
hot mix asphalt pavement.




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Steel Slag




SCRAP TIRES

+ The research on crumb rubber modified asphalt has been
conducted in 1991.
+ Scrap tire is used as pole, stakes and in manufacturing
landfill liners highway pavement and as insulator in base
course.
+ 19 tones of tire chips are filled into a portion of soil along
the embankments
+ The recycled rubber tires are used in noise wall,
lightweight fill, sub grade insulation & channel slope
protection as well as additive to Portland cement concrete
pavement.
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Scrap tire

Scarp Tire Used In Highway Embankment






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WASTE ROOFING SHINGLE



Waste roofing shingle

Recycling of Waste roofing shingle

It is estimated that between 8 million and 12 million of
roofing shingles are manufacture each year in the United
States. Since approximately 65% of the shingles is used
for roofing between 5 million and 8 million tone of old
waste shingle is produced annually.
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The roofing shingle waste use of as asphalt pavement
materials. It also reduces the optimum neat binder
content.
It is also used as pot hole patching material.


CARPET FIBER WASTE

To determine effectiveness of using recycled fibers from
old carpet for concrete informant, fibers are mixed with
concrete in drum mixer at a rate of 2% by volume.
It is used in asphalt pavement and Portland cement.
The addition of carpet wastes is effective in increasing the
concrete energy absorption abilities.

carpet used in highway overpass
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carpet wastes fiber

TECHNIQUES

The following construction techniques are used.

Penetration macadam
Built up spray grout







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STEPS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION

O Preparation of existing surface
O Application of binders
O Applications of stone chipping
O Rolling of first or final coat
O Application of binder and stone chipping for second coat.
O Finishing and opening to traffic.



RESULTS AFTER TESTING THE MODIFIED
ROAD

Under soaked condition 89% of the strength can be
retained the addition of 12% plastic.
The compressive strength of pavement was increased
by 70% with addition of 12% plastic.
The percentage of binder reduces by .4%, 5%, and 6%
with by addition of plastic of 8%, 10%, and 12%
respectively.
The indirect tensile strength was found to be 9 and
6.8kg/cm^2 with modified and conventional mixtures.

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CONCLUSION

4 To develop beneficial uses for these products,
Highway construction can effectively use large quantity
of diverse materials.

4 The utilization of waste products and by products in such beautiful
ways is the environment friendly act.

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REFERENCE

+ http://www.cpcb.nic.in/oldwebsite/plasti..ction.html
+ http:/info@kkplasticroads.com.
+ http:/wikipedia.com
+ www.google.com