Formulae for quantitative and DI section

Simple Average: Sum of elements

Number of elements
Percentage Change: Final value – Initial value
Initial value
Simple Interest: Principle * Rate * Time
100
Compound Interest: P * (1+R/100)n – P
Amount = Principle + Interest

Profit: SP – CP Loss: CP – SP
Percentage Profit: Profit * 100 Percentage loss: Loss *100
CP CP
Discount: Marked Price – Selling price
Discount percentage: Discount * 100
Marked Price
If articles worth Rs. x are bought and articles worth Rs. y are
obtained free along with x articles, then the discount is equal
to y and discount percentage is given by: y * 100
x+y
Successive discounts: When a discount of a % is followed by
a discount of b% then
Total discount= (a+b - ab/100) %

Ratios
If a : b = c : d, then a : b = c : d = (a + c) : (b + d)
If a < b, then for a positive quantity x,
a+x > a and a-x < a
b+x b b-x b
If a > b, then for a positive quantity x,
a+x < a and a-x > a
b+x b b-x b

Alligations
The ratio of the weights of the two items mixed will be inversely
proportional to the deviation of attributes of these two items from
the average attribute of the resultant mixture.
W1 = (x2-x1)
W2 (x-x1)
Time speed and distance
Speed = Distance
Time
Important conversion factors
1 km/hr = 5 m/s and 1 m/s = 18 km/hr
18 5
Average speed: Total distance
Total Time
Relative speed: For trains
Time: Sum of the lengths = L1+L2
Relative speeds S1+ S2
For boats and streams
S (downstream) = S boat + S stream
S (upstream) = S boat - S stream
Time and work
Number of days to complete a work: 1
Work done in one day
HCF of Fractions: HCF of numerators of all fractions
LCM of denominators of all fractions
LCM of Fractions: LCM of numerators of all fractions
HCF of denominators of all fractions
Algebraic formulae
(a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
(a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
(a − b)3 = a3 − 3a2b + 3ab2 − b3
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 − ab + b2)
a3 − b3 = (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2)

Arithmetic progression
Tn = a + (n – 1) d
Sn = n [2a + (n – 1) d}
2
Arithmetic mean: x1+x2+x3…….xn
n
Geometric progression
Tn = ar n - 1
Sn = a (rn – 1)
( r – 1)
S∞ = a
1-r
Sum of first n natural numbers
1+2+3+4+.......n = n (n+1)
2
Sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers
12+ 22+ 32 + 42………..n2 = n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
6
Sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers
13+ 23+ 33 + 43………..n3 = n (n + 1) 2
 2

Factorial
n! = 1 * 2 * 3 * … * (n − 1) * n
n! = n * (n − 1)!

Permutations
n
Pr = n!
(n - r)!
Combinations
n
Cr = n!
(n - r)! r!
Important Properties
n
Cr = n C n – r
n
C0 + nC1 + nC2 +……..+ nCn = 2n

Probability
Probability of an event: Number of favorable outcomes
Number of total outcomes
Odds in favor: Number of favorable outcomes
Number of unfavorable outcomes
Odds against: Number of unfavorable outcomes
Number of favorable outcomes
Geometry concepts
Circle
The perpendicular from the center of a circle to a chord of the circle bisects
the chord. In the figure below, O is the centre of the circle and OM
perpendicular AB. Then, AM = MB.

Equal chords are equidistant from the centre. Conversely, if two

chords are equidistant from the centre of a circle, they are equal.
In the following figure, two chords of a circle, AB and CD, intersect at
point P.
Then, AP * PB = CP * PD.

The angle subtended by an arc of a circle at the centre is double the

angle subtended by it at any point on the remaining part of the
circumference.
In the above figure, a=2b.

If 2 tangents are drawn to a circle from an exterior point,

the length of two tangent segments are equal. Also, the
line joining the exterior point to the centre of the circle
bisects the angle between the tangents.

The angle that a tangent to a circle makes with a chord drawn

from the point of contact is equal to the angle subtended by
that chord in the alternate segment of the circle. In the figure
above, PA is the tangent at point A of the circle and AB is the
chord at point A. Hence, angle BAP = angle ACB.
Triangle A
Pythagoras Theorem hypotenuse
For a right angled triangle perpendicular
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

B base C

Properties of a Triangle
The sum of the two sides is always greater than the third side:
a + b > c, a +c >b, b + c > a
The sum of three angles of a triangle always equals 180o
Exterior angle is equal to sum of interior opposite angles

Area of a Triangle
1 * base * height
2
abc where R = circumradius
4r
r * s where r = inradius and s= a+b+c
3
Medians of a triangle
Medians are lines that join the vertex to
the midpoint of the opposite side. In the
figure AF, BD and CE are the medians. The
point where the three median intersect is
called the centroid. O is the centroid in
the figure. Area ABF = Area AFC = Area ABC
 2
The centroid divides the median internally in the ratio of 2:1
Apollonius theorem: AB2+AC2 = (2AF2+BF2) or
BC2+BA2 = 2(BD2+DC2) or BC2+AC2 =
2(EC2+AE2)

Altitudes are the perpendiculars from the

vertex to the opposite side. In the figure
given alongside. AN, CE and BF are the
altitudes. H is the orthocentre

Internal angle bisector of a triangle

In the figure given along side Ad, Be and Cf are
the internal angle bisector and I is theincentre of
the triangle.
Internal bisector theorem: AB = BD
AC CD

Cone Cylinder

Sphere Cube
Quadrilaterals
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose opposite sides are parallel.
A rhombus is a parallelogram which has four equal sides.
A trapezoid (or trapezium) is a quadrilateral whose one pair of
opposite sides are parallel and one pair of opposite sides are
nonparallel.

Area of a quadrilateral where diagonals intersect at right angles is

½ *product of diagonals
Area of a quadrilateral when one diagonal and lengths
of the perpendicular from its opposite vertices are
given
= ½ * diagonal * sum of lengths of perpendiculars
In the figure: Area = ½ * PR * (SX+QY)

Area of a trapezoid: ½ X sum of parallel sides

X distance between parallel sides.
In the figure alongside:
Area = ½ * (AB+CD) * CM

Area of a parallelogram: Base * height

Area of a Rhombus: ½ * product of Diagonals
Area of a Rectangle: Length * Breadth
Diagonal of a Rectangle: Length2 + Breadth2
Perimeter of a Square: 4 * length
Diagonal of a Square: 2 * side
Area of a Square: √Side2
Area of a Square: ½ * Diagonal2
VERBAL COMPENDIUM – Do not confuse:

adoptive with adopted: children are adopted, but

parents are adoptive.
adverse, 'unfavourable, bad', with averse, which
means 'strongly disliking or opposed to', as in I am
not averse to helping out.
affect and effect: affect means 'make a difference
to', whereas effect means 'a result' or 'bring about (a
result)'.
amoral with immoral: amoral means 'not concerned
with morality', while immoral means 'not conforming
to accepted standards of morality'.
appraise with apprise: appraise means 'assess',
while apprise means 'inform'.
augur, 'be a sign of (a likely outcome)', with auger (a
tool used for boring).
censure with censor: censure means 'express strong
disapproval of', whereas censor means 'suppress
unacceptable parts of (a book, film, etc.)'.
climactic, 'forming a climax', with climatic, which
means 'relating to climate'.
complacent, 'smug and self-satisfied',
with complaisant, which means 'willing to please'.
complement, 'a thing that enhances something by
contributing extra features', with compliment, which
means 'an expression of praise' or 'politely
congratulate'.
continuous and continual: continuous primarily
means 'without interruption', and can refer to space
as well as time, as in the cliffs form a continuous line
along the coast; continual, on the other hand,
typically means 'happening frequently, with intervals
between', as in the bus service has been disrupted by
continual breakdowns.
council, an administrative or advisory body,
with counsel, advice or guidance.
definite ('certain, sure') with definitive, which means
'decisive and with authority'.
discreet, 'careful not to attract attention or give
offence', with discrete, which means 'separate,
distinct'.
egoism and egotism: it is egotism, not egoism, that
means 'excessive conceit or self-
absorption'; egoism is a less common and more
technical word, for an ethical theory that treats self-
interest as the foundation of morality.
exceptionable ('open to objection; causing
disapproval or offence') with exceptional ('not
typical' or 'unusually good').
fawn with faun: a fawn is a young deer, and a light
brown colour; a faun is a Roman deity that is part
man, part goat.
flaunt with flout; flaunt means 'display
ostentatiously', while flout means 'openly disregard
(a rule)'.
forego and forgo: forego means 'precede', but is also
a less common spelling for forgo, 'go without'.
hoard with horde: a hoard is a store of something
valuable; horde is a disparaging term for a large
group of people.
the possessive its (as in turn the camera on its side)
with the contraction it's (short for either it is or it
has, as in it's my fault; it's been a hot day).
loath ('reluctant; unwilling') with loathe, 'dislike
greatly'.
loose with lose: as a verb loose means 'unfasten or
set free', while lose means 'cease to have' or
'become unable to find'.
militate, which is used in the form militate against to
mean 'be an important factor in preventing',
with mitigate, which means 'make (something bad)
less severe'.
naturism (nudism) and naturist (a nudist)
with naturalism and naturalist: naturalism is an
artistic or literary approach or style; a naturalist is an
expert in natural history, or an exponent of
naturalism.
officious, 'asserting authority or interfering in an
annoyingly domineering way', with official, which
means 'relating to an authority or public body'.
ordinance, 'an authoritative order', with ordnance,
which means 'guns' or 'munitions'.
perquisite and prerequisite: a perquisite is a special
right or privilege enjoyed as a result of one's
position; prerequisite is something that is required
as a prior condition for something else; prerequisite
can also be an adjective, meaning 'required as a prior
condition'.
perspicuous, 'expressing things clearly',
with perspicacious, which means 'having a ready
understanding of things'.
principal, 'first in order of importance; main',
with principle, which is a noun meaning chiefly 'a
basis of a system of thought or belief'.
proscribe with prescribe: proscribe is a rather formal
word meaning 'condemn or forbid',
whereas prescribe means either 'issue a medical
prescription' or 'recommend with authority'.
regretful, 'feeling or showing regret',
with regrettable, which means 'giving rise to regret;
undesirable'.
stationary and stationery: stationary is an adjective
with the sense 'not moving or changing',
whereas stationery is a noun meaning 'paper and
other writing materials'.
titillate and titivate: titillate means 'excite',
whereas titivate means 'adorn or smarten up'.
tortuous, 'full of twists and turns' or 'excessively
lengthy and complex', with torturous, which means
'characterized by pain or suffering'.
turbid and turgid: turbid is generally used in
reference to a liquid and means 'cloudy or
opaque'; turgid tends to mean 'tediously pompous'
or, in reference to a river, 'swollen, overflowing'.
unsociable with unsocial and antisocial: unsociable
means 'not enjoying the company of or engaging in
activities with others'; unsocial usually means
'socially inconvenient' and typically refers to the
hours of work of a job; antisocial means 'contrary to
accepted social customs and therefore annoying'.
venal ('susceptible to bribery; corruptible')
with venial, which is used in Christian theology in
reference to sin (a venial sin, unlike a mortal sin, is
not regarded as depriving the soul of divine grace).
who's with whose; who's is a contraction of who
is or who has, while whose is used in questions such
as whose is this? and whose turn is it?
wreath and wreathe: wreath with no e at the end
means 'arrangement of flowers', while wreathe with
an e is a verb meaning 'envelop, surround, or
encircle'.