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An Interdisciplinary Challenge
Uwe B. SLEYTR
Center for NanoBiotechnology
University of Natural Resources and
Applied Life Sciences Vienna
Center for NanoBiotechnology
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna
Research groups:
• Nanoengineering (Margit Sára)
• Nanoglycobiology (Paul Messner)
• Nanostructures (Dietmar Pum)
www.biotec.boku.ac.at/znb.html
Definition of NanoBiotechnology
• Nanobiotechnology is
characterized by its highly inter-
disciplinary nature and features a
close collaboration between life-
scientists, physical scientists, and
engineers. courtesy of FEI-Company, NL
Converging Technologies
Microlithography
„Self-assembly“
Which are the Basic Building Blocks in a
Biomolecular Construction Kit?
Supramolecular design
Self-assembly strategies and morphogenesis
(sequential assembly routes)
Patterning elements
• Monomolecular arrays
• Vesicles
• Tubes
Combination of "top-down“ and "bottom-up“ strategies
Functionalization of supramolecular structures
Characterization
Basic Structures (Patterning Elements) for
Generating Complex Supramolecular Structures
• DNA
• Monomolecular crystalline bacterial cell surface layers
(S-layers)
Nanoscale Assembly and Manipulation of
Branched DNA (Ned Seeman, NY University)
http://seemanlab4.chem.nyu.edu/homepage.html
Bacterial Surface Layer Proteins (S-layers)
AFM image of an S-layer with square (p4) lattice symmetry (d=13.1nm) reassembled on a silicon wafer.
Center for NanoBiotechnology and BOKU, Vienna, Austria
Description of S-layers
S-layers are crystalline, monomolecular (glyco)protein arrays representing one of
the most commonly observed surface structures in eubacteria and archaea.
For review see: Sleytr et al., 1999, Angew. Chemie Int. Ed., 38:1034-1054
S-layer Lattice Types
oblique square
p1 p2 p4
hexagonal
p3 p6
a 10 nm b 10 nm
c 10 nm
• Isoporosity
• Sterically defined functionality
• Coating of Surfaces
• Components for supramolecular structures
(molecular LEGO)
S-layer Ultrafiltration Membranes
Exploiting Isoporosity
S-layer
Microfiltration membrane
as support
S-layer Ultrafiltration Membranes
Sharp Cut Off
Pores in S-layers
have identical size
and morphology
Repetitive
physicochemical
properties
Streptavidin
10 nm.
Secondary circuit
(plasma +
microspheres)
IgG
ZZ-domains
rSbpA31-1068
S-layer
Functionalized
lipid membrane
S-layer
Solid support
(e.g. Si-wafer, gold)
S-layer
fusion
proteins
transmembrane
function
HIV Virus
Source: Wellcome
Photo Library,
Medical Art Service,
München
Potential Applications
• Artificial viruses (inclusion of nucleic
acid) for gene therapy.
• Drug-targeting and drug-delivery.
EM-Photograph of
an S-layer coated • Vaccines and immune therapy.
liposome.
100nm • Transport of hydrophobic substances.
S-layer Coated Lipid / Plasmid Particels
Electron micrograph of ultrathin section demon- Photograph of HeLa cells expressing green fluor-
strating the internalization of S-layer coated lipid / escent protein after transfection with S-layer
plasmid particles into HeLa cells. coated lipid/ pEGFP-C1 particles
Cell patterning
Cellular lithography
Backgrounds of
cell repulsive material
Grid patterns of
cell friendly material