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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
1.1 Using Differences to Identify Patterns
Find the next three terms in each sequence.
1. 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, . . . 2. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, . . .
3. 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, . . . 4. 26, 39, 52, 65, 78, . . .
5. 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, . . . 6. 1, 7, 3, 9, 5, 11, . . .
7. 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, . . . 8. 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, . . .
9. 7, 22, 43, 70, 103, . . . 10. 9, 36, 81,144, 225, . . .
11. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, . . . 12. 1000, 729, 512, 343, 216, . . .
Find each sum. Think of a geometric dot pattern, but do not draw a sketch.
13. 1 ⴙ 2 ⴙ . . . ⴙ 80 14. 1 ⴙ 2 ⴙ . . . ⴙ 120
Solve each problem.

15. The third and fourth terms of a sequence are 26 and 40. If the second
differences are a constant 4, what are the first five terms of the sequence?
16. If the second differences of a sequence are a constant 2, the first of the
first differences is 3, and the first term is 12, find the first five terms of
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
the sequence.
17. Complete the table.
Number 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Pattern 12 24 36 48

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pattern 2 23 58 107 170

Number 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Pattern 2 6 12 20
20. There are 6 players in a backgammon tournament. If each player

must play every other player, how many games need to be played?
Algebra 1 Practice Workbook 1

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
1.2 Variables, Expressions, and Equations
Given the values of the variable, complete each table to find the
values of each expression.
1. x 1 2 3 4 5 6
6x
2. n 1 2 3 4 5 6
8n ⴚ 6
3. d 2 4 6 8 10 12
3d ⴙ 21
Use guess-and-check to solve the following equations:

4. 2x ⴙ 3 ⴝ 15 5. 3g ⴚ 4 ⴝ 11

6. 5m ⴚ 7 ⴝ 13 7. 4t ⴙ 2 ⴝ 18
8. 13x ⴚ 13 ⴝ 52 9. 9b ⴙ 14 ⴝ 41
10. 7q ⴚ 8 ⴝ 48 11. 12p ⴙ 9 ⴝ 105
For Exercises 12–15, write an equation and solve by guess-and-check.

12. If hamburgers cost $4 each, how many can you buy with $12?
13. If tickets for a concert cost $18 each, how many can you buy
with $54?
14. Fruit baskets cost $16 each. How many do you have to sell to raise
$115?
15. How many $16 fruit baskets can you buy if you have $45?
16. Deluxe fruit baskets cost $26 each. How many do you have to sell
to raise $190?
2 Practice Workbook Algebra 1

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Practice
1.3 The Algebraic Order of Operations
Evaluate each expression.

1. 16 ⴙ 4 ⴢ 8 ⴙ 2 2. 16 ⴙ 4 ⴢ (8 ⴙ 2)
3. (16 ⴙ 4) ⴢ (8 ⴙ 2) 4. (16 ⴙ 4) ⴢ 8 ⴙ 2
5. 0.2(2.5) ⴙ 8 6. 16 ⴢ 37 ⴙ 88 ⴢ 49
7. 16 ⴙ 8 ⴜ 2 8. 4 ⴢ 6 ⴜ 12 ⴙ 10
12 ⴙ 6 5ⴙ3ⴢ5
9. 10.
4ⴙ2 5
11. 12 ⴙ 6 ⴜ 4 ⴙ 2 12. 90 ⴜ 3 ⴙ 5
13. 36 ⴚ 6 ⴢ 3 ⴜ 18 ⴢ 3 14. 9 ⴚ 3 ⴜ 4 ⴙ 2 ⴢ 12 ⴙ 6 ⴜ 2 ⴢ 3
15. 4 ⴙ 1 ⴢ 42 ⴚ 3 16. 6 ⴙ 33 ⴚ 18 ⴜ 6
Place inclusion symbols to make each equation true.

17. 27 ⴙ 5 ⴢ 8 ⴚ 6 ⴝ 37
18. 12 ⴢ 1 ⴙ 5 ⴜ 12 ⴝ 6
19. 44 ⴢ 5 ⴚ 3 ⴙ 2 ⴝ 10
20. 3ⴢ4ⴙ2ⴜ6ⴝ3
Given a ⴝ 3, b ⴝ 6, and c ⴝ 5, evaluate each expression.

21. bⴚaⴙc 22. aⴙbⴚc
23. aⴢbⴙaⴢc 24. bⴜaⴙaⴢc
25. a2 ⴙ c 2 26. b2 ⴚ a2
27. (a ⴙ b) ⴜ c 28. a ⴙ b2 ⴚ c

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Practice
1.4 Graphing With Coordinates
Graph each list of ordered pairs. State whether they lie on a straight line.
1. (4, 3), (2, 3), (ⴚ2, 3) 2. (2, ⴚ2), (4, 1), (5, 2) 3. (5, 5), (1, 2), (ⴚ3, ⴚ1)
4. (ⴚ4, ⴚ2), (ⴚ2, 0), (0, 2) 5. (ⴚ3, 4), (0, ⴚ1), (3, ⴚ5) 6. (5, 6), (2, 3), (ⴚ1, 0)
Make a table for each equation, and find the values for y by Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
substituting 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 for x.
7. yⴝxⴙ5 8. yⴝxⴚ1
9. y ⴝ 4x 10. y ⴝ 3x ⴙ 2
11. y ⴝ 5x ⴚ 7 12. y ⴝ ⴚ4x ⴙ 2

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Practice
1.5 Representing Linear Patterns
Find the first differences for each data set, and write an
equation to represent the data pattern.
1. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
13 20 27 34 41 48 55 19 24 29 34 39 44 49
3. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 4 23 42 61 80 99 118
5. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
20 120 220 320 420 520 620
6. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
396 362 328 294 260 226 192
Make a table of values for each question below, using 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as values for x.
Draw a graph for each equation by plotting points from your data set.
7. y ⴝ 40x 8. y ⴝ 55 ⴙ 5x 9. y ⴝ 19x ⴙ 14 10. y ⴝ 424 ⴚ 78x
11. y ⴝ 5x ⴙ 18 12. y ⴝ 71 ⴚ 6x 13. y ⴝ 175 ⴚ 20x 14. y ⴝ 2000 ⴚ 250x
Suppose that the cost to order baseball tickets is $17 per ticket plus $2.50 handling
charge per order (regardless of how many tickets are ordered).
15. How much does an order of 4 tickets cost?
16. How much does an order of 6 tickets cost?
17. Let t represent the number of tickets, and write an equation for
the cost, c, of an order of tickets.

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Practice
1.6 Scatter Plots and Lines of Best Fit
For each scatter plot, describe the correlation as strong positive,
strong negative, or little to none. Explain the reason for your answer.
1. 2. 3.

The chart shows the average time that a person can survive in
water at a particular temperature
Water temperature (°F) 37 45 55 60

Average survival time (in minutes) 7 18 29 60
4. Use the grid at the right to make a scatter plot

of water temperature versus average survival
time.
5. Describe the correlation between temperature
and survival time. Explain your reasoning.

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Practice
2.1 The Real Numbers and Absolute Value
Insert , , or ⴝ to make each statement true.
7
1. 5 ⴚ10 2. 1.40 1.4 3. 19.5 19 10
1 5
4. ⴚ9 3 ⴚ7 32 5. 8.8 0 6. 12.2 12.02
1 3
7. 0 ⴚ3 8. ⴚ18 ⴚ18 2 9. ⴚ2.3 2 10
1
10. 0.3 3 11. 98.59 98.6 12. 2 0.667
Find the opposite of each number.

3
13. 418 14. ⴚ4.8 15. 0.2 16. ⴚ8
n
17.
4 18. 76 19. ⴚ32 20. 1
2
21. ⴚ19.5 22. 16 3 23. ⴚx 24. 1953
Find the absolute value of each number.

1
25. 17 26. ⴚ100 27. 29 5 28. ⴚ4.12
1 3
29. ⴚ13 2 30.
5 31. ⴚ22 32. 3.1416
9
33. 85 34. ⴚ52 35. 1971 36. ⴚ 1000
Simplify each expression.

37. ⴚ(4 ⴜ 2) 38. ⴚ(0.8 ⴙ 0.095) 39. ⴚ(ⴚm) 40. ( 13
ⴚ 100 ⴚ 100
3
)
41. ⱍⴚ1.8ⱍ 42. ⱍⴚ(ⴚ0.1)ⱍ 43.
ⱍⱍ
21
7 44. ⱍ4 ⴚ 4ⱍ
45. ⱍⴚ3ⱍ ⴙ ⱍ3ⱍ 46. ⴚ5 ⱍⱍ

2
47. ⱍⴚ4ⱍ ⴢ ⱍⴚ4ⱍ 48.
ⱍ8 ⴚ 8ⱍ
7
8

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Practice
2.2 Adding Real Numbers
Use algebra tiles to find each sum.
1. ⴚ3 ⴙ 2 2. ⴚ4 ⴙ (ⴚ1) 3. 4 ⴙ (ⴚ5)
4. ⴚ6 ⴙ 6 5. ⴚ3 ⴙ (ⴚ7) 6. 9 ⴙ (ⴚ4)
7. 7 ⴙ (ⴚ4) 8. ⴚ7 ⴙ 9 9. ⴚ8 ⴙ 3
10. 10 ⴙ (ⴚ9) 11. ⴚ1 ⴙ (ⴚ9) 12. (ⴚ6) ⴙ (ⴚ2)
13. ⴚ4 ⴙ (ⴚ1) ⴙ 3 14. 5 ⴙ (ⴚ1) ⴙ (ⴚ2) 15. ⴚ3 ⴙ (ⴚ4) ⴙ 2
Find each sum.

16. ⴚ35 ⴙ 40 17. 15 ⴙ (ⴚ28)
18. 60 ⴙ (ⴚ18) 19. ⴚ17 ⴙ (ⴚ19)
20. 42 ⴙ (ⴚ56) 21. ⴚ34 ⴙ 28
22. 59 ⴙ (ⴚ59) 23. ⴚ86 ⴙ 85
24. ⴚ45 ⴙ (ⴚ45) 25. ⴚ68 ⴙ (ⴚ15)
ⴚ3 ⴙ (ⴚ1) ⴙ (ⴚ2) 4 ⴙ (ⴚ7) ⴙ (ⴚ4)

26. 27.
28. ⴚ54 ⴙ 63 ⴙ (ⴚ20) 29. ⴚ78 ⴙ (ⴚ78) ⴙ 50

30. ⴚ6 ⴙ (ⴚ42) ⴙ 24 31. ⴚ24 ⴙ (ⴚ62) ⴙ (ⴚ11)
32. ⴚ5 ⴙ ⱍⴚ4ⱍ 33. ⱍ5ⱍ ⴙ ⱍⴚ4ⱍ
34. ⱍⴚ5ⱍ ⴙ ⱍⴚ4ⱍ 35. ⱍⴚ5ⱍ ⴙ ⱍ4ⱍ ⴙ (ⴚ9)
36. ⴚ48 ⴙ ⱍⴚ64ⱍ ⴙ (ⴚ32) 37. ⴚ568 ⴙ (ⴚ43) ⴙ ⱍⴚ57ⱍ
Substitute 4 for a, ⴚ6 for b, and 3 for c. Evaluate each expression.

38. a ⴙ (b ⴙ c) 39. a ⴙ ⱍb ⴙ cⱍ
40. (a ⴙ c) ⴙ b 41. (a ⴙ c) ⴙ ⱍbⱍ
42. ⱍa ⴙ bⱍ ⴙ c 43. ⱍa ⴙ cⱍ ⴙ b
44. ⱍcⱍ ⴙ b ⴙ a 45. a ⴙ ⱍbⱍ ⴙ ⱍcⱍ

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Practice
2.3 Subtracting Real Numbers
Use algebra tiles to find each difference.
1. 3ⴚ2 2. ⴚ3 ⴚ (ⴚ2) 3. 3 ⴚ (ⴚ2)
4. ⴚ3 ⴚ 2 5. ⴚ4 ⴚ 3 6. ⴚ8 ⴚ (ⴚ2)
7. 4ⴚ7 8. 6 ⴚ (ⴚ5) 9. ⴚ8 ⴚ (ⴚ8)

10. 56 ⴚ 2 11. 53 ⴚ (ⴚ8)
12. 26 ⴚ (ⴚ26) 13. ⴚ85 ⴚ (ⴚ34)
14. ⴚ64 ⴚ 73 15. ⴚ56 ⴙ (ⴚ42)
16. 58 ⴚ (ⴚ58) 17. ⴚ49 ⴚ 18
18. ⴚ24 ⴙ 47 ⴙ (ⴚ24) 19. ⴚ13 ⴙ 19 ⴚ (ⴚ25)
20. ⴚ66 ⴚ 66 ⴙ 6 21. 86 ⴚ (ⴚ15) ⴚ 9
22. 45 ⴚ (ⴚ27) ⴚ (ⴚ17) 23. ⴚ29 ⴚ 16 ⴚ (ⴚ37)
24. 72 ⴚ 56 ⴚ 13 25. ⴚ99 ⴙ 16 ⴚ (ⴚ24)
Substitute 4 for x, ⴚ4 for y, and ⴚ12 for z. Evaluate each

expression.
26. zⴚy 27. xⴙz
28. xⴙyⴚz 29. (x ⴚ y) ⴙ z
30. yⴙz 31. (y ⴙ z) ⴚ x
32. yⴚz 33. (x ⴚ z) ⴚ y
34. zⴚzⴚz 35. (x ⴙ y) ⴙ (y ⴚ z)
36. y ⴚ (x ⴚ z) 37. xⴚxⴚxⴚx
Find the distance between each pair of points on the number line.
38. 6, 10 39. ⴚ5, 2 40. ⴚ35, ⴚ38
41. ⴚ13, 26 42. ⴚ44, ⴚ29 43. ⴚ15, 73

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Practice
2.4 Multiplying and Dividing Real Numbers
Evaluate.
1. (4)(ⴚ5) 2. (3)(ⴚ5) 3. (2)(–5)
4. (ⴚ1)(ⴚ5) 5. (ⴚ2)(ⴚ5) 6. (ⴚ3)(ⴚ5)
7. (4)(ⴚ3) 8. (3)(ⴚ3) 9. (2)(ⴚ3)
10. (ⴚ1)(ⴚ3) 11. (ⴚ2)(ⴚ3) 12. (ⴚ3)(ⴚ3)
13. (ⴚ11)(ⴚ4) 14. (ⴚ11) ⴚ (ⴚ4) 15. (ⴚ7) ⴚ (ⴚ4)
16. (ⴚ42) ⴜ (ⴚ3) 17. (ⴚ35)(22) 18. (ⴚ27)(ⴚ1.3)
19. (ⴚ240) ⴜ (ⴚ8) 20. (ⴚ240) ⴙ (ⴚ8) 21. (ⴚ0.5)(ⴚ12)
22. (ⴚ2.1) ⴜ (ⴚ7) 23. (6)(5)(ⴚ7) 24. (ⴚ3)[(ⴚ1) ⴙ (ⴚ5)]
25. (ⴚ8) ⴜ [5 ⴙ (ⴚ3)] 26. (ⴚ2.5) ⴜ (ⴚ4) 27. (ⴚ7)(ⴚ3)(6)
28. (ⴚ4488) ⴜ (136) 29. (ⴚ5)(5)(5) ⴜ (5) 30. (ⴚ2)[5 ⴙ (ⴚ5)]
(8)(ⴚ1) (ⴚ2)(ⴚ14) (ⴚ2)(20)(ⴚ40)
31. 32. 33.
ⴚ8 7 ⴚ10
Tell whether each statement is true or false.

34. The product of two negative numbers is positive.

35. The quotient of two negative numbers is positive.
36. The average of a set of negative numbers is positive.
37. The difference of two positive numbers is always positive.
38. The sum of two positive numbers is positive.
Stephanie opened a savings account with a $35 deposit. She

made a total of 6 additional deposits of $15 each and withdrawals
of $5, $10, and $15.
39. What is the total amount that Stephanie deposited in her account
after her initial deposit?
40. What is the total amount that Stephanie withdrew from her account
after her initial deposit?
41. What is the total amount currently in Stephanie’s account?

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Practice
2.5 Properties and Mental Computation
Complete each step, and name the property used.
1. (24 ⴙ 68) ⴙ 66
ⴝ (68 ⴙ ) ⴙ 66 Commutative Property of Addition
ⴝ 68 ⴙ (24 ⴙ ) Property of Addition
ⴝ 68 ⴙ
ⴝ
2. 35(3 ⴙ 5)
ⴝ 35 ⴢ ⴙ ⴢ5 Property
ⴝ ⴙ
ⴝ
Use mental math to find each sum or product. Show your work
and explain each step.
3. (46 ⴙ 28) ⴙ 24 4. (96 ⴢ 4) ⴢ 5
5. (828 ⴙ 386) ⴙ 412 6. 2 ⴢ (137 ⴢ 5)
Name the property illustrated. Be specific.

7. 46 ⴙ 12 ⴝ 12 ⴙ 46
8. 23 ⴙ (17 ⴙ 34) ⴝ (23 ⴙ 17) ⴙ 34
9. 4(2.3 ⴙ 4.9) ⴝ 4(2.3) ⴙ 4(4.9)
10. 6(3x) ⴝ (6 ⴢ 3)x
11. 5 ⴢ (12 ⴢ 4) ⴝ 5 ⴢ (4 ⴢ 12)
12. 6 ⴢ 300 ⴙ 6 ⴢ 80 ⴝ 6(300 ⴙ 80)

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Practice
2.6 Adding and Subtracting Expressions
Use the Distributive Property to write equivalent expressions for
each expression below.
1. 4(3x ⴙ 7) 2. 5t ⴚ 35
3. 6(2a ⴚ 3) 4. 14f ⴚ 28
5. 9(b ⴙ 11) 6. 18h ⴙ 63
7. ⴚ12(2x ⴚ 8) 8. rt ⴙ rk
9. a(b ⴙ w) 10. ⴚ25q ⴚ 35
Give the opposite of each expression.

11. ⴚ10t ⴙ 21 12. ⴚx ⴙ 2z
13. 4a ⴚ 4b 14. ⴚ4x ⴙ 3y
15. ⴚ7a ⴚ 6b ⴚ 4c 16. m ⴚ 8n ⴚ 4p
17. ⴚ6x ⴙ (2a ⴙ 5) 18. 9b ⴚ (3 ⴚ 6z)
19. (c ⴙ d) ⴙ y 20. 5a ⴙ (3c ⴙ 4)

Simplify the following expressions:
21. 2a ⴚ a 22. 6f ⴙ 4f
23. 6r ⴚ 3r 24. ⴚ2d ⴙ 5d
25. 5a ⴚ (3a ⴙ 1) 26. mp ⴙ 3mp
27. (3a ⴙ 2b) ⴙ (ⴚ3a ⴙ b) 28. (6p ⴚ 3q) ⴚ (ⴚ6p)
29. (6 ⴚ 2c) ⴚ (2c ⴙ 2) 30. 10 ⴙ r ⴚ 10
31. (4q ⴙ 2) ⴚ (2q ⴚ 3) 32. x ⴙ y ⴚ (3t ⴙ y)
33. 3( f ⴙ g) ⴙ 7g 34. 5( f ⴚ h) ⴚ 4f
35. (3 ⴚ r) ⴙ (4r ⴚ 3s ⴙ 2) ⴚ (1 ⴚ s)
36. (3x ⴚ 5y) ⴚ (2x ⴚ 3y ⴚ z) ⴙ (y ⴚ z)

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Practice
2.7 Multiplying and Dividing Expressions
Simplify the following expressions. Use the Distributive Property
if needed.
1. 2 ⴢ 7x 2. ⴚ4t ⴢ 3
3. 4a ⴢ 3a 4. ⴚ4(2d ⴚ 3)
ⴚ12w
5. ⴚ2.3y ⴢ y 6.
2w
7. 7y ⴢ 9y 8. rt ⴢ rk
9. ⴚ5(7 ⴚ 4e) 10. ⴚ36z ⴜ (ⴚ4)

ⴚ15x
11.
3 12. ⴚ4(6y ⴚ 4)
4g ⴚ 4r
13.
4 14. ⴚ3(2 ⴚ 7m)
3 ⴙ 24r
15. 3x ⴚ (2x ⴚ 5) 16.
3
10 ⴚ 5x ⴚ18w ⴙ 12
17. 18.
ⴚ5 ⴚ6
32y ⴙ 24y
19. ⴚy(c ⴙ d) 20.

4y
A computer consultant charges $50 per hour. How much would

the consultant charge for
21. 3 hours? 22. 7.5 hours? 23. t hours?
A telephone company charges $40 per hour for repair work, plus
a $25 service charge per job. How much would a customer be
charged for a job that takes
24. 2 hours? 25. 3.5 hours? 26. t hours?
George makes $8.00 an hour at his part-time job. Find his

earnings for each of the following days:
27. 3 hours on Monday 28. 7 hours on Saturday

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Practice
3.1 Solving Equations by Adding and Subtracting
Solve each equation. You may use algebra tiles.
1. xⴙ1ⴝ5 2. xⴚ7ⴝ1 3. x ⴙ 3 ⴝ ⴚ2
4. x ⴚ 4 ⴝ ⴚ1 5. x ⴙ 1 ⴝ ⴚ8 6. x ⴚ 3 ⴝ ⴚ1
7. x ⴙ 5 ⴝ ⴚ2 8. xⴚ3ⴝ4 9. x ⴙ 4 ⴝ ⴚ4
State which property you would use to solve each equation. Then
solve.
10. x ⴚ 10 ⴝ 15
11. x ⴙ 14 ⴝ ⴚ25
12. 45 ⴙ r ⴝ 12
13. y ⴙ 80 ⴝ ⴚ18
14. ⴚ44 ⴙ a ⴝ 10
15. z ⴙ 250 ⴝ ⴚ100
16. y ⴚ 12 ⴝ 78
17. r ⴚ 275 ⴝ 180

18. x ⴙ 6.26 ⴝ 7.26
19. x ⴚ 3.6 ⴝ 7
20. 8.9 ⴝ a ⴚ 6
21. r ⴙ 6.5 ⴝ 10.9
3 1
22. yⴚ4 ⴝ8
1 3
23. x ⴙ 5 ⴝ 10
Assign a variable and write an equation for the situation below.

Then solve the equation.
24. John bought a 60¢ donut and 35¢ cup of coffee. How much did
John leave for a tip and taxes if he spent a total of $1.25?

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Practice
3.2 Solving Equations by Multiplying and Dividing
State the property needed to solve each equation. Then solve it.
x
1.
36 ⴝ 6 2. 5.75p ⴝ 46
x
3. 8 ⴝ ⴚ64y 4.
3 ⴝ3
r
5. 6b ⴝ 54 6.
ⴚ5 ⴝ 5
7. ⴚ10y ⴝ 5 8. ⴚ16n ⴝ ⴚ128
Solve each equation.

9. 658b ⴝ 2632 10. ⴚ4g ⴝ 36 11. 65x ⴝ 35
x c
12.
3 ⴝ ⴚ24 13. 9y ⴝ 153 14.
44 ⴝ ⴚ44
x
15.
0.07 ⴝ 5 16. 8t ⴝ ⴚ35 17. 0.66p ⴝ 4.62
b
18. ⴚ70g ⴝ 4200 19.

20 ⴝ ⴚ20 20. ⴚ86b ⴝ 43
m x
21.
ⴚ15 ⴝ 0 22.
6 ⴝ ⴚ3 23. 4.4 ⴝ 2.2t
x
24. 16n ⴝ 320 25. ⴚ4v ⴝ 68.8 26.
ⴚ2 ⴝ ⴚ125
3
27. ⴚ480 ⴝ ⴚ24z 28. 10d ⴝ 5 29. 0.25q ⴝ 25
w p
30.
0.5 ⴝ ⴚ15 31. ⴚ1 ⴝ ⴚ555 32. ⴚ495 ⴝ 99y
Solve each formula for the variable indicated.

1 d
33. A ⴝ 2 bh for b 34. z ⴝ wxy for w 35. v ⴝ t for d

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
3.3 Solving Two-Step Equations
1. 2x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 5 2. 2y ⴚ 4 ⴝ 10
3. 6 ⴙ 3z ⴝ 18 4. 7 ⴚ 5w ⴝ 22
5. ⴚ15 ⴚ 6c ⴝ 3 6. 9b ⴙ 4 ⴝ ⴚ14
7. 3a ⴚ 7 ⴝ ⴚ28 8. 11 ⴙ 2p ⴝ ⴚ17
9. 21 ⴚ 5q ⴝ ⴚ4 10. 3r ⴙ 3.2 ⴝ 18.2
11. 7m ⴚ 1.2 ⴝ 3 12. 3.1 ⴙ 2n ⴝ 5.3
13. 37 ⴚ 4v ⴝ 57.4 14. ⴚ8u ⴚ 1.6 ⴝ 8
15. 32 ⴝ 8f ⴙ 16 16. 6 ⴝ 9g ⴚ 12
17. ⴚ1.6 ⴝ 4 ⴙ 7h 18. ⴚ2.1 ⴝ 4.5 ⴚ 6i

x y
19.
2 ⴙ1ⴝ5 20.
2 ⴚ 4 ⴝ 10
z w
21. 3ⴙ3 ⴝ6 22. 28 ⴝ 14 ⴚ 7
c b
23. 10 ⴝ ⴚ30 ⴚ 5 24.
9 ⴙ 3 ⴝ ⴚ4
a p
25.
5 ⴚ 2 ⴝ ⴚ7 26. 2 ⴙ 2 ⴝ ⴚ9
q r
27. 4 ⴚ 7 ⴝ ⴚ3 28.
10 ⴙ 1.1 ⴝ 0.2
m u
29.
12 ⴚ 2.1 ⴝ 0.9 30. ⴚ8 ⴚ 0.8 ⴝ 3.2
1 v 1 2 f 1
31. 13 ⴙ 2 ⴝ 22 32. ⴚ3 ⴝ ⴚ6 ⴙ 12
1 g 1 1 h 1
33.
4 ⴝ 2 ⴚ8 34. 26 ⴚ 18 ⴝ 3

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Practice
3.4 Solving Multistep Equations
1. 4x ⴙ 7 ⴝ 3x ⴙ 18 2. 5y ⴚ 5 ⴝ 7y ⴚ 3
3. 4a ⴚ 6 ⴝ ⴚ2a ⴙ 14 4. 4m ⴚ 5 ⴝ 3m ⴙ 7
5. 5x ⴚ 7 ⴝ 3x ⴙ 2 6. 10y ⴙ 10 ⴝ 4 ⴚ 4y
7. 13 ⴚ 8v ⴝ 5v ⴙ 2 8. 7 ⴚ 5y ⴝ 4y ⴚ 2
9. 2 ⴙ 3y ⴝ 4y ⴚ 1 10. ⴚ7 ⴚ 3z ⴝ 8 ⴙ 2z
11. 7w ⴚ 19 ⴝ 5w ⴚ 5 12. 28 ⴙ 2a ⴝ 5a ⴙ 7
13. 5x ⴙ 32 ⴝ 8 ⴚ x 14. m ⴚ 12 ⴝ 3m ⴙ 4
15. 2(x ⴙ 1) ⴝ 3x ⴚ 3 16. 5(3x ⴙ 5) ⴝ 4x ⴚ 8
17. 2r ⴚ 4 ⴝ 2(6 ⴚ 7r) 18. 8y ⴚ 3 ⴝ 5(2y ⴙ 1)
19. 2z ⴚ 5(z ⴙ 2) ⴝ ⴚ8 ⴚ 2z 20. 5t ⴚ 2(5 ⴙ 4t) ⴝ 3 ⴙ t ⴚ 8
21. 15n ⴙ 25 ⴝ 2(n ⴚ 7) 22. 4y ⴙ 2 ⴝ 3(6 ⴚ 4y)

23. 2(3x ⴚ 1) ⴝ 3(x ⴙ 2) 24. 9y ⴚ 8 ⴙ 4y ⴝ 7y ⴙ 16
25. 14d ⴚ 22 ⴙ 5d ⴝ 12d ⴚ 8 26. 23x ⴙ 34 ⴝ 23 ⴚ 12x ⴙ 7x
27. 29 ⴚ 3s ⴝ 23(2s ⴚ 3) 28. 12 ⴚ 5(2w ⴚ 13) ⴝ 3(2w ⴚ 5)
29. 8 ⴙ 5(3q ⴚ 4) ⴝ 7(q ⴚ 12) 30. 2(y ⴙ 2) ⴙ y ⴝ 19 ⴚ (2y ⴙ 3)
31. 0.3w ⴚ 4 ⴝ 0.8 ⴚ 0.2w 32. 2.1z ⴝ 1.2z ⴚ 9
33. 12 ⴙ 2.1w ⴝ 1.3w 34. 3.5( j ⴙ 4) ⴝ 1.4(16 ⴙ j)
35. 4.5 ⴚ 1.9m ⴝ 20.1 ⴚ 2m 36. x ⴚ 0.09 ⴝ 2.22 ⴚ 0.1x

1 3 1 2
37.
2x ⴙ 7 ⴝ 4x ⴚ 4 38.
4y ⴝ 5y ⴚ 1
1 4 a 1 a 1
39. z ⴝ 3z ⴚ 40. ⴚ ⴝ ⴚ
3 5 2 3 3 2
1 1 1 1 1
3(
41. 2 w ⴙ )
4 ⴝ 4 ⴙ 3w 42. (7 ⴙ 3r) ⴝ ⴚ r
4 8

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Practice
3.5 Using the Distributive Property
1. 2(a ⴙ 2) ⴝ 2 2. 3(b ⴚ 3) ⴝ 3
3. 4(c ⴚ 4) ⴝ 4 4. 5(5 ⴚ d) ⴝ ⴚ5
5. 6(6 ⴚ e) ⴝ 6 6. ⴚ7( f ⴙ 7) ⴝ 7
7. ⴚ8(8 ⴚ g) ⴝ 8 8. 1 ⴙ 4(2h ⴙ 1) ⴝ ⴚ35
9. 3(5i ⴚ 2) ⴙ 2 ⴝ 26 10. 7(2 ⴚ j) ⴚ 5 ⴝ 30
11. ⴚ4 ⴚ 6(2 ⴚ k) ⴝ 8 12. 20 ⴚ 3(m ⴚ 1) ⴝ ⴚ4
13. 5(n ⴙ 2) ⴝ 3n 14. ⴚ2(2p ⴚ 3) ⴝ 2p
15. 8(7 ⴚ 3q) ⴝ ⴚ17q 16. 3r ⴝ 2(7 ⴙ 5r)
17. s ⴙ 3 ⴝ 3(11 ⴚ 3s) 18. 7t ⴙ 4 ⴝ 2(7t ⴚ 5)
19. 2u ⴚ 4 ⴝ ⴚ4(u ⴚ 5) 20. 2(v ⴙ 1) ⴝ 6v ⴚ 46
21. 2(2w ⴙ 2) ⴝ 3(2w ⴚ 2) 22. ⴚ4(1 ⴙ x) ⴝ 5(1 ⴚ x)
23. ⴚ6(y ⴚ 2) ⴝ 7(2 ⴚ y) 24. 9(z ⴙ 1) ⴝ ⴚ3(5 ⴙ z)

25. 1 ⴙ 2(a ⴙ 1) ⴝ 3(a ⴙ 4) 26. 5(b ⴚ 6) ⴝ 3 ⴙ 8(b ⴙ 9)
27. 2c ⴚ (c ⴙ 6) ⴝ 4(c ⴚ 2) 28. 1 ⴙ 2(d ⴙ 1) ⴝ 3 ⴙ 4(d ⴙ 5)
29. 1 ⴚ 2(e ⴚ 1) ⴝ ⴚ3 ⴚ 4(3 ⴚ 5) 30. 3 ⴚ (2 ⴚ f ) ⴙ 1 ⴝ 2(2 ⴚ f )
31. g ⴙ 5(g ⴙ 1) ⴝ 4(2g ⴚ 2) ⴙ 11g 32. 2(3h ⴚ 1) ⴙ 4h ⴝ 10(2 ⴚ 3h) ⴙ 38h
33. h ⴙ 1 ⴙ 2(h ⴙ 1) ⴝ 3(h ⴙ 2) ⴚ h ⴙ 2
34. 3(i ⴚ 3) ⴚ 7(i ⴙ 3) ⴝ 4(2i ⴚ 3) ⴚ 8(2i ⴙ 3)
35. 9(2 ⴚ j) ⴙ 3(5 ⴙ 2j) ⴝ 2(7 ⴚ 2j) ⴚ 4( j ⴚ 1)
36. 34.8k ⴙ 0.2(k ⴚ 4) ⴝ 1.2 ⴚ 9(2 ⴚ 3k)
37. 0.1(2m ⴙ 3) ⴚ 4m ⴝ 1.1(2 ⴚ 3m) ⴚ 2.4
38. 0.5(4n ⴚ 4) ⴝ 1 ⴙ 3n

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Practice
3.6 Using Formulas and Literal Equations
Solve for the indicated variable.
1. x ⴙ y ⴝ z, for y 2. P ⴚ Q ⴝ ⴚR, for Q
3. J ⴙ K ⴝ ⴚL, for J 4. E ⴚ F ⴝ G, for F
5. m ⴝ nq, for n 6. ⴚwr ⴝ a, for w
7. tu ⴝ v ⴙ w, for u 8. x ⴝ yz ⴚ w, for z
9. b ⴝ c ⴙ de, for d 10. gh ⴚ i ⴝ j, for h

q ab
11. p ⴝ r , for r 12.
c ⴝ d, for b
13. 2m ⴙ 3 ⴝ n, for m 14. 7 ⴚ 4k ⴝ j, for k
6g s
15.
f ⴝ h, for g 16. r ⴙ t ⴝ u, for t
2 p
17.
w ⴚ y ⴝ z, for w 18. 4 ⴚ q ⴝ r, for p
s
Use the formula V ⴝ d for Exercises 19–21.
19. Substitute s ⴝ 10, and d ⴝ 5 in the formula, and solve for V.
20. Substitute s ⴝ 25, and V ⴝ 5 in the formula, and solve for d.

21. Substitute V ⴝ 8, and d ⴝ 7 in the formula, and solve for s.
Use the formula V ⴝ IR for Exercises 22–24.

22. Substitute I ⴝ 5, and R ⴝ 10 in the formula, and solve for V.
23. Substitute I ⴝ 5, and V ⴝ 15 in the formula, and solve for R.
24. Substitute V ⴝ 240, and R ⴝ 60 in the formula, and solve for I.
Use the formula v ⴝ u ⴙ 10t for Exercises 25–26.

25. Substitute u ⴝ 16, and t ⴝ 4 in the formula, and solve for v.
26. Substitute v ⴝ 28, and t ⴝ 5 in the formula, and solve for u.

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Practice
4.1 Using Proportional Reasoning
Solve each proportion.

12 x 30 90 n 15
1.
18 ⴝ 36 2.
27 ⴝ x 3.
26 ⴝ 78
40.5 5 m 12 1.5 8
4.
t ⴝ6 5.
35 ⴝ 100 6.
6 ⴝr
45.2 f 15 25 n 14
7.
30 ⴝ 12 8.
90.5 ⴝ x 9.
35.2 ⴝ 25.8
50.9 3 r 1.5 7 n
10.
16 ⴝ j 11.
85 ⴝ 30 12.
16.6 ⴝ 14
Tell if each statement is a true proportion.

14 70 7 3.5 9 12
13.
3 ⴝ 15 14.
25 ⴝ 50 15.
32 ⴝ 40
10 25 13 11 7 21
16.
60 ⴝ 150 17.
24 ⴝ 35 18.
18 ⴝ 6
32 20 19 9.5 9 21
19.
42 ⴝ 21 20.
30 ⴝ 15 21.
12 ⴝ 28

Rearrange the numbers to write three more true proportions.
4 12 7 14
22.
5 ⴝ 15 23.
12 ⴝ 24
6 8 32 48
24.
21 ⴝ 28 25.
18 ⴝ 27
8 40 42 35
26.
3 ⴝ 15 27.
36 ⴝ 30
28. If Dana spent $160 on 5 concert tickets, how much would 3 tickets
cost?
29. Myron bought 4 oranges for $1.40. How much would 9 oranges
cost?
30. A recipe uses 2 cups of flour and makes 24 muffins. How many cups
of flour are needed to make 30 muffins?

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Practice
4.2 Percent Problems
Write each percent as a decimal.

1. 15% 2. 3.2% 3. 0.7% 4. 6%
5. 250% 6. 89% 7. 100% 8. 0.01%
Write each decimal as a percent.

9. 0.62 10. 0.041 11. 0.002 12. 5
Write each percent as a fraction in lowest terms.

13. 59% 14. 25% 15. 56% 16. 360%
Draw a percent bar to model each problem.

17. Find 45% of 90. 18. What percent of 30 is 3?
Find each answer.

19. What is 20% of 30? 20. What is 120% of 70?
21. 3 is what percent of 50? 22. 45 is what percent of 500?
23. 15 is 30% of what number? 24. 12 is 40% of what number?
25. What is 200% of 40? 26. What is 28% of 130?
27. A sweater is marked down from an original price of $45 to $33.75.
By what percent has the original price of the sweater been marked
down?
28. Mary’s grade on her research paper counts as 20% of her final
grade in English. If there are a total of 400 points possible, how
many points can she earn for her research paper?
29. The school newspaper reported that 32% of the student body is in
athletics. If the student body consists of 2000 students, how many
students are in athletics?

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Practice
4.3 Introduction to Probability
Two number cubes were rolled 150 times. Find each
experimental probability.
1. a sum less than 4 appeared 15 times
2. a sum of 7 appeared 11 times
3. a sum of 6 or greater appeared 85 times
Two coins were tossed 10 times with the outcomes shown in the
table below.
Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Coin 1 H H T T H T H H T T
Coin 2 T T T H T H H T H T
Use the data above to find each experimental probability.

4. At least one coin shows tails.
5. Both coins show the same side of the coin.
6. Neither coin shows heads.

A survey was conducted to find out how students get to school.
The results of the survey are shown in the table below.
Method of transportation School bus Car Bicycle Walk

Number of students 87 71 25 45
Use the the data above to find each experimental probability.

7. A student rides a bus to school.
8. A student walks to school.
9. A student rides to school in a car or in a bus.
10. A student rides a bicycle or walks to school.
11. A student does not walk to school.

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Practice
4.4 Measures of Central Tendency
Find the mean, median, mode(s), and range for each data set.
1. 13, 13, 10, 8, 7, 6, 4, 5
mean median mode(s) range
2. 20, 30, 35, 24, 36, 47, 48
3. 2, 5, 4, 1, 6, 7, 4, 3, 2, 1
4. 130, 140, 135, 125, 160, 175
5. 16, 18, 39, 200, 31, 39
The Sleep Shop conducted a survey to determine the

Number of Hours Spent
average number of hours that people sleep at night. Sleeping at Night
The results are shown at right. Use this data for
Exercises 6–12. 5 8 6 7 4
9 8 7 5 9
6. Make a frequency table for the data. 8 10 7 7 8
6 8 8 7 8
9 8 7 5 9
10 7 8 8 6
Find the measures of central tendency for the data.

7. mean 8. median 9. mode 10. range
11. Which measure of central tendency do you think gives the best
indication of the number of hours the “typical” person spends
sleeping each night? Explain.
12. Suppose that another person was surveyed and said that he spends
3 hours sleeping at night. How would this affect the mean, median,
mode, and range?

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Practice
4.5 Graphing Data
The graphs below show the monthly CD sales for two different
music stores.
Carl’s Music Place The Music Store
Monthly CD Sales Monthly CD Sales
$20,000 $40,000
$15,000 $30,000
$10,000 $20,000
$5000 $10,000
$0 $0
J F M A M J F M A M
1. During which month were the sales at Carl’s Music Place the
greatest? What were the sales?
2. During which month were the sales at Carl’s Music Place the least?
What were the sales?

3. During which month were the sales at The Music Store the greatest?
4. During which month were the sales at The Music Store the least?
5. What were the CD sales for Carl’s Music Place for January through
May?
6. What were the CD sales for The Music Store for January through
May?
7. Which store appears to have a longer bar to represent April sales?
Which company actually had greater sales in April?
8. Describe how displaying the graphs together can be misleading.

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4.6 Other Data Displays
In the table at right are the ages of the first
57 61 57 57 58 57
42 presidents of the United States when
they were sworn into office. 61 54 68 51 49 64
50 48 65 52 56 46
1. In the space below, make a stem-and-leaf plot
54 49 50 47 55 55
of the data.
54 42 51 56 55 51
54 51 60 62 43 55
56 61 52 69 64 46
2. What is the range of the data?

3. What is the median of the data?
4. What are the lower and upper quartiles for this data?
5. What is the mean of the data?
6. What is the mode of the data?
7. What is the average age of a president of the United States when he
is sworn into office? What measure of central tendency do you think
best answers this question? Why?
8. In the space below, construct a box-and-whisker plot for this data.

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Practice
5.1 Linear Functions and Graphs
For each relation, identify the domain and range, and state
whether it is a function.
1. (1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8), (9, 13) 2. (6, 3), (9, ⴚ4), (8, ⴚ4), (3, 3), (0, 3)
a. domain: a. domain:
b. range: b. range:
c. c.
3. (7, 1), (10, 7), (0, 8), (2, 17), (7, 3) 4. (14, 2), (16, 0), (18, ⴚ2), (20, 0), (22, 2)
b. range: b. range:
c. c.
5. (1.7, 7), (1.5, 5), (1.3, 3), (1.1, 1), (1.9, 9) 6. ( 12 , 2), ( 13 , 3), ( 14 , 4), ( 15 , 5), (1, 1)
b. range: b. range:
c. c.
7. (4, 2), (9, 3), (4, ⴚ2), (9, ⴚ3), (5, 25) 8. (1.2, 17), (1.56, 1987), (0.67, 98), (0.988, 1)

b. range: b. range:
c. c.
Complete each ordered pair so that it is a solution to 6x ⴚ y ⴝ 7.

9. (4, ) 10. (⫺4, ) 11. (0, )
12. (3, ) 13. ( , ⫺1) 14. (13, )
15. (2, ) 16. (12, ) 17. ( , ⫺10)
18. ( , 11) 19. ( , 5) 20. (8, )
21. (6, ) 22. ( , ⫺19) 23. ( , 17)

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Practice
5.2 Defining Slope
Examine the graphs below. Which lines have a positive slope?
Which have a negative slope? Which have neither?
1. y 2. y 3. y 4. y
x x x x
y
Use the graph to find the slope of each line.
↔ ↔
5. AB CD
6. E F
↔ ↔ A C
7. EF 8. GH
↔ ↔ D
9. IJ 10. KL H
↔ ↔ B G
11. MN 12. PQ
K O
x
Find the slope of each line.
I L M
rise: ⴚ5; run: ⴚ5
13. 14. rise: 2; run: 3

P
N
15. rise: ⴚ3; run: 4 16. rise: ⴚ2; run: ⴚ5 J Q
Find the slope of the line containing each pair of points.

17. A(3, 9), B(1, 5) 18. A(7, 5), B(2, 4)
19. A(ⴚ3, 10), B(ⴚ5, ⴚ4) 20. A(5, 2), B(2, ⴚ1)
21. A(3, ⴚ2), B(ⴚ1, 3) 22. A(ⴚ1, 3), B(5, 3)
23. A(1, 8), B(ⴚ1, 7) 24. A(2, 6), B(3, ⴚ4)
25. A(0, 4), B(3, ⴚ2) 26. A(6, ⴚ1), B(5, 6)
27. A(ⴚ9, 9), B(7, ⴚ2) 28. A(3, 7), B(ⴚ1, 0)

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Practice
5.3 Rate of Change and Direct Variation
The graph at right shows the speed at which 65
Michael traveled on a highway. 60
55
1. What was the greatest speed that Michael traveled ? 50
Speed (mph)
45
40
35
30
2. What does the horizontal segment of the graph 25
20
represent? How long does Michael stay at this 15
speed? 10
5
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Time (minutes)
3. What does the segment with a negative slope tell you
about Michael’s speed?
4. What does the segment with a positive slope tell you about Michael’s speed?
In Exercises 1–10, y varies directly as x. Find the constant of

variation and write an equation for the direct variation.

5. y ⴝ 15 when x ⴝ 5
8. y ⴝ 7 when x ⴝ 1.4
9. y ⴝ 18 when x ⴝ 11
10. y ⴝ 21 when x ⴝ 18
11. y ⴝ 42 when x ⴝ 7
12. y ⴝ 8 when x ⴝ 56
13. y ⴝ 12 when x ⴝ 22
14. y ⴝ 10 when x ⴝ 40

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Practice
5.4 The Slope-Intercept Form
Give the coordinates of the point where each line crosses
the y-axis.
1. y ⴝ 3x ⴙ 4 2. y ⴝ 2x ⴚ 3
1
3. y ⴝ 2x 4. yⴝ2ⴚx
Write an equation for the graph of each line.

5. y 6. y
6 6
4 4
2 2
x x
–6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6
–2 –2
–4 –4
–6 –6
Write an equation for each line.

7. with a slope of 2 and a y-intercept of 4
8. with a slope of ⴚ3 and a y-intercept of 1
9. through (0, ⴚ4) and with a slope of 2

1
10. through (0, 6) and with a slope of 2
3
11. with a slope of ⴚ4 and a y-intercept of ⴚ3
12. through (0, 1) and with a slope of 1.5
Write an equation for the line containing each pair of points.

13. (3, 8), (2, 6) 14. (0, ⴚ6), (ⴚ3, 3)
15. (ⴚ2, ⴚ4), (5, ⴚ1) 16. (ⴚ1, ⴚ2), (ⴚ3, ⴚ4)

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5.5 The Standard and Point-Slope Forms
Write each equation in standard form.
1. 2x ⴝ ⴚ5y ⴙ 11 2. 3y ⴝ ⴚx ⴚ 20
3. 4x ⴚ 7y ⴙ 15 ⴝ 0 4. 9x ⴝ 6y
1
5. 2x ⴙ 10 ⴝ 3y ⴚ 1 6. 2x ⴝ 2 y ⴙ 3
Find the x- and y-intercepts for each equation.
7. xⴙyⴝ5 8. 3x ⴙ 5y ⴝ 15
9. 4x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 12 10. x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 6
11. x ⴚ y ⴝ ⴚ3 12. 4x ⴝ ⴚ5y
2
13. 2x ⴙ y ⴝ 1 14. xⴝ3y
x
15.
4 ⴚyⴝ2 16. x ⴝ ⴚ6y ⴚ 2
Use intercepts to graph each equation.

17. 2x ⴚ y ⴝ ⴚ4 18. x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 2
y y

4
4
3
2 2
1
x x
–4 –3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 –4 –2 O 2 4
–1
–2
–2
–3 –4
–4
Write an equation in standard form for each line.

20. crosses the x-axis at x ⴝ ⴚ3 and the y-axis at y ⴝ 6
22. through (3, 7) and (0, ⴚ2)
23. through (1, 5) and (ⴚ3, 1)

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5.6 Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Write the slope of a line that is parallel to each line.
1. y ⴝ 2x ⴚ 5 2. y ⴝ ⴚx ⴙ 2
3. 3x ⴙ y ⴝ 10 4. 5x ⴚ y ⴝ 11
5. x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 6 6. 2x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 9
7. 4x ⴙ y ⴝ 3 8. x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 14
Write the slope of a line that is perpendicular to each line.

1
9. y ⴝ 4x ⴙ 6 10. y ⴝ ⴚ5 x ⴚ 3
11. xⴙyⴝ7 12. 6x ⴚ y ⴝ 14
13. x ⴙ 7y ⴝ ⴚ21 14. 5x ⴚ 4y ⴝ 12
1
15. y ⴝ 3x ⴙ 2 16. 2y ⴝ ⴚ2x ⴚ 8
Write an equation in slope-intercept form for a line containing the

point (6, ⴚ2) and
17. parallel to the line 2x ⴙ y ⴝ 5.
perpendicular to the line y ⴝ ⴚ3x ⴙ 4.
18.
Write an equation in slope-intercept form for a line containing the

point (ⴚ6, 5) and
19. parallel to the line x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 6.
20. perpendicular to the line 3x ⴚ 4y ⴝ ⴚ8.
Write an equation for a line containing the point (ⴚ3, 2) and

21. parallel to the line y ⴝ ⴚ4.
22. perpendicular to the line y ⴝ ⴚ4.
Write an equation for the line that contains the point (ⴚ1, 2) and is
23. parallel to the line y ⴝ x ⴚ 6.
24. perpendicular to the line y ⴝ ⴚx.

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6.1 Solving Inequalities
State whether each inequality is true or false.
1. 58ⴚ2 2. ⴚ1 ⴚ 1 0 3. ⴚ1 5 ⴚ 6
4. ⴚ1 ⴙ 2 3 5. ⴚ4 ⴚ 2 4 6. 86ⴚ4
7. 7ⴚ91 8. 12 9 ⴚ 10 9. 3 ⴚ8 ⴙ 11
Solve each inequality.

10. x ⴙ 5 ⴚ3 11. t ⴚ 5 ⴚ2
1
12. 8 ⴙ y ⴚ1 13. cⴙ2 1
1
14. qⴚ3 3 15. x ⴙ 0.8 1
16. 0.75 ⴚ0.5 ⴙ d 17. x ⴙ 4.9 0.45
3 1
18. 3.35 ⴚ4.85 ⴙ n 19. yⴙ4 8
5 2 2 7
20.
6 xⴙ3 21.
5 t ⴚ 10
Write an inequality that describes the points on each number line.

22. x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
23. x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
24. x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
25. x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
26. x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
27. x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
28. x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8

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6.2 Multistep Inequalities
Write an inequality that corresponds to each statement.
1. x is less than y. 2. W is greater than B.
3. a is less than or equal to 10. 4. x is greater than or equal to 100.
5. r is positive. 6. q is nonnegative.
7. M cannot equal 0. 8. V is between 4.5 and 4.6 inclusive.
Tell whether each statement is true or false.

9. 6.9 6.9 10. 9.66 9.606 11. 10.2 10.02
1 1
12.
2 3 13. 8.91 8.901 14. 0 ⴚ1
1 1
15.
7 5 16. ⴚ5 ⴚ2 17. ⴚ6 ⴚ4
Solve each inequality.

18. xⴙ34 19. m ⴚ 10 50
20. Tⴚ58 21. 7 ⴚ N 16
22. 6x ⴚ12 23. x ⴙ 12 10
24. 3.5b ⴚ7 25. 2x 6

n r
26.
5 20 27.
ⴚ2 7
x
28. ⴚ5t 45 29.
4 ⴙ 7 10
ⴚx
30.
5 ⴙ 4 ⴚ1 31. 6x ⴚ 2 4
32. xⴙ38ⴚx 33. x ⴚ 1 ⴚ5
34. ⴚ5x 2x ⴚ 6 35. 7ⴚx3

m j
36. 16 ⴙ 2 9 37. 14 4 ⴚ 3

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Practice
6.3 Compound Inequalities
Solve each compound inequality.
1. 4p ⴚ2 and 2 ⴙ p ⴚ5 2. 3m 9 or 2m 8
x
3.
2 4 and 3x 9 4. a ⴙ 4 1 or a ⴙ 1 0
x 1 x ⴚ1 x 1
5.
8 2 and 6 3 6.
4 16 or 2x ⴚ 2 3
x
7. 2x ⴚ 1 1 and 6x ⴙ 4 16 8.
2 ⴙ 1 7 or x ⴚ 11 7
3w 1 1
9. 3w ⴚ 2 3 and 2 ⴙ 1 2 10. 6k ⴚ 1 2 or 2k ⴙ 2 2
Graph each compound inequality.

11. x 4 or x 6 x
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8

12. x ⴚ5 or x ⴚ2 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x
13. ⴚ5 x 4 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x
14. ⴚ6 x 6 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x
15. x ⴚ4 or x 0 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x
16. x ⴚ8 or x ⴚ7 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x
17. x ⴚ4 or x 2 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x
18. 7x8 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x
19. ⴚ1 x 2 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
x

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
6.4 Absolute-Value Functions
Find each of the following.
1. ⱍ17 ⴚ 3ⱍ 2. ⱍ3 ⴚ 17ⱍ 3. ⱍ3 ⴚ (ⴚ17)ⱍ
4. ⱍⴚ3 ⴚ (ⴚ17)ⱍ 5. ⴚⱍ17 ⴚ 3ⱍ 6. ⴚⱍ3 ⴚ 17ⱍ
7. ⱍ21 ⴚ 5ⱍ 8. ⱍ5 ⴚ 21ⱍ 9. ⱍ5 ⴚ (ⴚ21)ⱍ

10. ⱍⴚ5 ⴚ (ⴚ21)ⱍ 11. ⴚⱍ21 ⴚ 5ⱍ 12. ⴚⱍ5 ⴚ 21ⱍ
13. ⱍ9 ⴚ 13ⱍ 14. ⱍⴚ19 ⴚ 13ⱍ 15. ⱍ13 ⴚ 19ⱍ

16. ⱍ13 ⴚ 13ⱍ 17. ⱍ5 ⴚ 29ⱍ 18. ⱍⴚ7 ⴚ (ⴚ11)ⱍ
19. ⴚⱍ31 ⴚ 23ⱍ 20. ⴚⱍ11 ⴚ 37ⱍ 21. ⱍ23 ⴚ 41ⱍ
Find the domain and range of each function.

22. y ⴝ ⱍxⱍ 23. y ⴝ ⴚⱍxⱍ
24. y ⴝ ⱍ6xⱍ 25. y ⴝ 6ⱍxⱍ

26. y ⴝ ⴚ6ⱍxⱍ 27. y ⴝ ⱍx ⴙ 6ⱍ
28. y ⴝ ⴚⱍx ⴙ 6ⱍ 29. y ⴝ ⱍxⱍ ⴙ 6
30. y ⴝ 6 ⴚ ⱍxⱍ 31. y ⴝ ⱍxⱍ ⴚ 6
32. y ⴝ ⴚⱍxⱍ ⴚ 6 33. y ⴝ ⱍ6x ⴙ 6ⱍ
34. y ⴝ ⴚⱍ1 ⴚ 6xⱍ 35. y ⴝ ⱍ6x ⴚ 1ⱍ

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
6.5 Absolute-Value Equations and Inequalities
Find the values of x that solve each absolute-value equation.
Check your answers.
1. ⱍx ⴙ 2ⱍ ⴝ 5 2. ⱍx ⴙ 6ⱍ ⴝ 7
3. ⱍx ⴚ 7ⱍ ⴝ 4 4. ⱍx ⴚ 3ⱍ ⴝ 5
5. ⱍ4x ⴚ 2ⱍ ⴝ 6 6. ⱍ3x ⴙ 5ⱍ ⴝ 11
7. ⱍⴚ4 ⴙ xⱍ ⴝ 7 8. ⱍx ⴚ 2.75ⱍ ⴝ 0.05
Find the values of x that solve each absolute-value inequality.

Graph each answer on the number line provided. Check your
answers.
9. ⱍx ⴙ 2ⱍ 7 –16 –12 –8 –4 0 4 8 12 16
10. ⱍx ⴙ 1ⱍ 8

–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
11. ⱍⴚ2 ⴚ xⱍ 4 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
12. ⱍx ⴙ 1ⱍ 4 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
13. ⱍx ⴚ 3ⱍ 2 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
14. ⱍ4 ⴚ xⱍ 5 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
15. ⱍx ⴙ 2ⱍ 2 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
16. ⱍx ⴚ 5ⱍ 1 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
17. ⱍx ⴙ 2ⱍ 2 –8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
7.1 Graphing Systems of Equations
Solve by graphing. Round solutions to the nearest tenth if
necessary. Check algebraically.
1. 再 xⴙyⴝ4
2x ⴚ y ⴝ 5
2. 再 xⴙyⴝ0
3x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 10
3. 再 2x ⴙ y ⴝ 7
xⴙyⴝ3
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2
x x x
– 6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6
–2 –2 –2
–4 –4 –4
–6 –6 –6
4. 再 xⴙyⴝ1
2x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 6
5. 再 3x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 9
4x ⴚ y ⴝ 1
6. 再 3x ⴚ 4y ⴝ ⴚ4
6x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 1
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2
x x x
– 6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 –6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6
–2 –2 –2
–4 –4 –4
–6 –6 –6
Use algebra to determine whether the point (1, 4) is a solution for

each pair of equations.
7. 再 yⴝxⴙ3
y ⴝ 2x ⴚ 2
8. 再 y ⴝ 3x ⴙ 1
y ⴝ ⴚx ⴙ 5
9. 再 y ⴝ 5x ⴚ 1
y ⴝ ⴚ2x ⴙ 6
Use algebra to determine whether the point (ⴚ2, 6) is a solution

for each pair of equations.
10. 再 yⴝxⴙ8
y ⴝ 4x ⴚ 2
11. 再 xⴙyⴝ4
xⴚyⴝ8
12. 再 4x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ2
y ⴝ ⴚx ⴙ 4

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
7.2 The Substitution Method
Solve and check each system by using the substitution method.
1. 再 y ⴝ 2x
2x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ12
2. 再 yⴝxⴙ3
3x ⴙ y ⴝ 11
3. 再 y ⴝ 2x ⴙ 1
x ⴙ 3y ⴝ 31
4. 再 xⴙyⴝ3
4x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 18
5. 再 2x ⴚ 3y ⴝ ⴚ25
3x ⴙ y ⴝ 1
6. 再 x ⴚ 2y ⴝ ⴚ3
4x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 8
7. 再 2x ⴙ 5y ⴝ ⴚ7
3x ⴚ y ⴝ ⴚ2
8. 再 2x ⴚ y ⴝ ⴚ11
3x ⴚ 6y ⴝ 6
9. 再 xⴚyⴝ4
2x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 6
10. 再 3x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ3
x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 11
11. 再 x ⴚ y ⴝ 10
2x ⴙ 3y ⴝ 5
12. 再 2x ⴙ y ⴝ 2
4x ⴚ 2y ⴝ ⴚ4
13. 再 x ⴝ y ⴚ 4.2
2x ⴚ 3y ⴝ ⴚ9
14. 再 ⴚ2x ⴚ y ⴝ 4
x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ3
15. 再 4x ⴚ y ⴝ ⴚ2
ⴚ8x ⴙ y ⴝ 3
16. 再 2x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 2
3x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ9

Graph each system and estimate the solution. Then use the
substitution method to get an exact solution.
17. 再 y ⴝ 2x
2x ⴙ y ⴝ 7
18. 再 xⴙyⴝ2
x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 0
y y
6 6
4 4
2 2
x x
–6 –4 –2 O 2 4 6 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6
–2 –2
–4 –4
–6 –6

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
7.3 The Elimination Method
Solve each system of equations by elimination, and check your
solutions.
1. 再 x ⴙ y ⴝ 10
xⴚyⴝ2
2. 再 x ⴚ 3y ⴝ ⴚ13
ⴚx ⴙ 4y ⴝ 15
3. 再 4x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 2
5x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 4
4. 再 5x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 3
5x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ9
5. 再 3x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 8
2x ⴚ 6y ⴝ 42
6. 再 x ⴙ 2y ⴝ ⴚ1
4x ⴙ 3y ⴝ ⴚ9
7. 再 3x ⴙ 4y ⴝ 22
x ⴚ 5y ⴝ ⴚ37
8. 再 2x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ1
7x ⴚ 5y ⴝ 5
9. 再 2x ⴚ 5y ⴝ ⴚ19
3x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 0
10. 再 4x ⴙ 3y ⴝ 27
3x ⴙ 4y ⴝ 29
11. 再 2x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 6
x ⴙ 3y ⴝ 12
12. 再 x ⴙ 5y ⴝ ⴚ13
2x ⴚ 5y ⴝ ⴚ19
13. 再 xⴙyⴝ0
2x ⴚ y ⴝ 12
14. 再 2x ⴙ 2y ⴝ ⴚ8
3x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 18
15. 再 x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 11
2x ⴙ 2y ⴝ ⴚ8
16. 再 2x ⴚ y ⴝ ⴚ6
2x ⴙ 3y ⴝ 14
Solve each system of equations by using any method.
17. 再 2x ⴚ 7y ⴝ 5
5x ⴚ 4y ⴝ ⴚ1
18. 再 5x ⴚ 7y ⴝ ⴚ16
4x ⴚ 2y ⴝ ⴚ20
19. 再 x ⴝ 5y
3x ⴚ 4y ⴝ 11
20. 再 0.3x ⴚ 0.5y ⴝ 2
0.3x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ4
21. 再 1
2
1
xⴙ3yⴝ4
ⴚ3y ⴝ x ⴚ 22
22. 再 2 1
3x ⴙ 4 y ⴝ 2
2x ⴙ y ⴝ 4
23. 再 7x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 6
9x ⴚ 3y ⴝ 6
24. 再 0.7x ⴚ 1.6y ⴝ 15
0.3x ⴙ 0.4y ⴝ 1

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
7.4 Consistent and Inconsistent Systems
Solve each system algebraically.
1. 再 xⴙyⴝ5
ⴚ2x ⴚ 2y ⴝ ⴚ10
2. 再 x ⴙ 2y ⴝ 6
x ⴙ 2y ⴝ ⴚ4
3. 再 2x ⴚ y ⴝ 1
xⴙyⴝ5
4. 再 3x ⴙ y ⴝ 5
3x ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ2
5. 再 2y ⴝ ⴚx ⴚ 4
2x ⴝ ⴚ4y ⴚ 8
6. 再 4x ⴚ 2y ⴝ ⴚ2
y ⴝ 2x ⴙ 1
7. 再 3x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 6
ⴚ6x ⴙ 4y ⴝ ⴚ12
8. 再 xⴚyⴝ2
ⴚx ⴙ y ⴝ ⴚ2
9. 再 4x ⴙ y ⴝ 10
y ⴝ ⴚ4x ⴙ 5
10. 再 2x ⴙ y ⴝ 3
4x ⴝ 6 ⴚ y
Determine whether each system is dependent, independent, or

inconsistent.
11. 再 2x ⴙ y ⴝ 8
y ⴝ ⴚ2x ⴙ 8
12. 再 3x ⴚ y ⴝ 3
y ⴝ 3x ⴚ 9

13. 再 y ⴙ 4 ⴝ ⴚ5x
y ⴝ 6x ⴚ 7
14. 再 3x ⴚ 2y ⴝ ⴚ5
4y ⴝ 6x ⴙ 10
15. 再 6x ⴚ 2y ⴝ ⴚ10
y ⴝ 3x ⴙ 2
16. 再 y ⴙ 6x ⴝ 18
y ⴝ ⴚ7x ⴙ 2
17. 再 y ⴙ 4x ⴝ 3
2y ⴝ 8x ⴙ 6
18. 再 xⴚyⴝ3
2y ⴝ 2x ⴙ 6
19. 再 y ⴝ 3x ⴙ 1
3x ⴝ 1 ⴚ y
20. 再 3x ⴝ y ⴙ 2
3y ⴝ x ⴙ 2
21. 再 4ⴝxⴚy
8 ⴙ 2y ⴝ 2x
22. 再 x ⴙ 5y ⴝ 10
y ⴝ 5x ⴚ 10
23. 再 4x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 1
2x ⴚ 4y ⴝ ⴚ1
24. 再 5x ⴚ 2y ⴝ 4
5x ⴚ 4 ⴝ 2y

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
7.5 Systems of Inequalities
Graph the common solution of each system on your own graph
paper. Choose a point from the solution and use it to check both
inequalities.
1. 再 yxⴙ4
y2
2. 再 xⴙy0
y ⴚ1
3. 再 y3
x ⴚ2
4. 再 yxⴚ2
y ⴚx ⴙ 2
5. 再 yxⴚ3
y ⴚ2x ⴙ 1
6. 再 y 3x
ⴚ2y 5x
7. 再 4x ⴙ y 2
2x ⴚ y 4
8. 再 x ⴙ 2y 4
3x ⴚ y 2
9. 再 5x ⴚ y 3
4x ⴙ y 0
10. 再 3x ⴚ 5y ⴚ10
x ⴙ 4y 4
11. 再 2x ⴙ 3y 0
3x ⴚ y ⴚ3
12. 再 3x ⴙ 2y 6
x ⴚ y ⴚ3
Write the system of inequalities that represents the shaded

region. Use the points shown to find equations for the
boundary lines.
13. y 14. y
(2, 5)
(–4, 3) (5, 3) (4, 4)

(1, 3)
(–2, 1)
(1, 1)
x x
O O
(3, –3)

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
7.6 Classic Puzzles in Two Variables
1. The tens digit of a 2-digit number is twice the units digit. The sum of
the digits is 12. Find the original number.
2. Olga has 5 times as many dimes as nickels. If she has $3.30, how
many of each coin does she have?
3. Milk that is 4% butterfat is mixed with milk that is 1% butterfat to

obtain 18 gallons of milk that is 2% butterfat. How many gallons of
each type of milk are needed?
4. A banker invested a portion of $10,000 at 5% interest per year and the

remainder at 4% interest per year. If the banker received $470 in
interest after 1 year, how much was invested at each rate?
5. The sum of Nora’s age and her grandmother’s age is 71. Four times
Nora’s age is 6 less than her grandmother’s age. Find their ages.
6. Sailing with the current, a boat takes 3 hours to travel 48 miles. The
return trip, against the current, takes 4 hours. Find the average speed
of the boat for the entire trip and the speed of the current.

7. A coin bank contains nickels, dimes, and quarters totaling $5.45. If
there are twice as many quarters as dimes and 11 more nickels than
quarters, how many of each coin are in the bank?
8. Find the two-digit number whose tens digit is 3 less than the units digit.
The original number is 6 more than 4 times the sum of the digits.
9. A daughter is 28 years younger than her father. In 5 years, the father

will be 3 times as old as his daughter. How old is each now?
10. A chemist has a solution that is 20% peroxide and another solution
that is 70% peroxide. She wishes to make 100 L of a solution that is
35% peroxide. How much of each solution should she use?

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
8.1 Laws of Exponents: Multiplying Monomials
Find the value of each expression.

1. 55 2. 29 3. 63 4. 93
5. 1002 6. 65 7. 107 8. 33
9. 48 10. 124 11. 162 12. 204
Simplify each product.

13. 102 ⴢ 105 14. a7 ⴢ a12
15. c 3 ⴢ c 8 16. d7 ⴢ d 9
17. x2 ⴢ x8 18. w3 ⴢ w5
19. a2 ⴢ a6 20. 10a ⴢ 10b
Simplify each product.

21. (2x 2)(4x 3y 2) 22. (ⴚ3a2b)(6ab4c)
23. (7q 5)(12q 3r 5) 24. (11c 8)(ⴚ10c4d)
25. (9x10z 2)(5x 5y 3) 26. (ⴚ8f 6g)(ⴚ7f 2g5h)
27. (1.3a6 b11c 5)(0.5a 2bc 3) 28. (4.7r 6s 2)(2.1r 11s)
29. (ⴚ2x 2z)(ⴚ2y 2z)(ⴚ2xyz) 30. (a x b yc z)(ar b sc t )
1
The area, A, of a triangle is given by A ⴝ 2 bh, where b is the base
and h is the height. Find the area of the triangle given the values
of b and h.
31. h ⴝ 5x, b ⴝ 2x 32. h ⴝ x3, b ⴝ x4
33. h ⴝ 3x4, b ⴝ 4x7 34. h ⴝ 12a3, b ⴝ 10a2

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
8.2 Laws of Exponents: Powers and Products
Simplify each expression.

1. (4y)2 2. (52)3 3. (ⴚy 5)4
4. (a2)5 5. (y 2)3 6. (w 2)2
7. (w 4)6 8. (ⴚ8c 5)2 9. (ⴚ3h 9)3
10. (ⴚy 4d 6)8 11. (ⴚc 5h6)3 12. (ⴚ15h 9k 7)2
13. (k 9)5(k 3)2 14. (3y 6)2(x 5y 2z)
15. (4h3)2(ⴚ2g 3h)3 16. (14a4b6)2(a6b3)7
Evaluate each monomial for x ⴝ 5, y ⴝ ⴚ1, and z ⴝ ⴚ4.

17. y4 18. 3x3 19. 2y 2
20. z2 21. (yz)2 22. (yx)2
23. x 2z 2 24. yx 25. ⴚy x

26. What is the area of a square if each edge of the square has a length
of 3a5?
27. What is the area of a rectangle if one side has a length of 12x 3 and
the other side has a length of 6x 2 ?
Find the volume of the cube for each edge length, e.

28. e ⴝ 5y 4
29. e ⴝ 3x 7y 5
e

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
8.3 Laws of Exponents: Dividing Monomials
Use the Quotient-of-Powers Property to simplify each quotient.

Then find the value of the result.
106 417 68
1. 2. 14 3. 3
10 2 4 6
9210 2 yⴙ1 8 yⴙ3

4. 207 5. 6.
9 2y 8y
Simplify each expression. Assume that the conditions of the

Quotient-of-Powers Property are met.
3 3
7. ( xy ) 6
8. ( d5c )2
2 9. ( 4dc )
5
ⴚ2d11f 6 2
10. ( 3wg )
6
3
11.
ⴚ4s6 3
( )
t 3r 5 12. ( )c 18
13. ( 30d
5d ) 4
5
14. ( ⴚ24t
8t ) 3
6 3
15. ( )
d 11 f 16 2
d6f 6
6r 3 ⴚ40s6 21d 18e 5

16. 17. 18.
2r 20s 3 7d 11e 3
ⴚ16w 7r 2 a 5b 5c 5 4.2x 4y 14
19. 20. 21.
ⴚ4wr ⴚa 2 b 3c 4 0.6x 9y 9
Evaluate each quotient given x ⴝ 2, y ⴝ ⴚ2, and z ⴝ 10.

x3 y4 x 3y
22. 23. 24.
x y xy3
z4x 2y (yz)2 y 3(3zx)2

25. 26. 27.
zxy 2 z 9x 3
z xⴙ1 z xⴙx
28.
zx 29. yⴙ3
z 30. ( xzy ) 3

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
8.4 Negative and Zero Exponents

1. 2ⴚ4 2. (ⴚ2)4 3. ⴚ24 4. ⴚ2ⴚ4
5. (ⴚ2)ⴚ4 6. 3ⴚ2 7. 10ⴚ4 8. ⴚ72
9. (ⴚ7)2 10. (ⴚ10)3 11. (ⴚ8)ⴚ2 12. (ⴚ3)ⴚ3
Write each of the following without negative or zero exponents:
13. xⴚ1 14. y0
15. aⴚ3 16. 2nⴚ2
17. (x 2y 3)0 18. ⴚxⴚ2xⴚ3
19. aⴚ1bⴚ2c 3 20. ⴚc 3dⴚ4
21. m5mⴚ2 22. k ⴚ4 k 7

23. r ⴚ2sⴚ2t 4 24. ⴚa 3aⴚ6aⴚ5
5 70
25. 26.
x ⴚ1 (xy)0
yⴚ6 rt ⴚ4
27. 2 28.
y t3
wⴚ8 3qⴚ5
29. 30.
wⴚ2 qⴚ5
ⴚ2aⴚ4 5qⴚ4
31. 32. 2 ⴚ2
a 2b qs
(2a3)(3a5) (7dⴚ6)(ⴚ4dⴚ2)
33. 34.
aⴚ2 2dⴚ4
xⴚ4 x 3 ⴚz3zⴚ6
35. ⴚ2 4 36.
x x ⴚ3z 2

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
8.5 Scientific Notation
Write each number in scientific notation.
1. 200,000 2. 500,000,000
3. 210,000 4. 40,000
5. 6,500,000,000 6. 840,000,000
7. 466,000,000,000 8. 37,500
9. 0.20 10. 0.0008
11. 0.000076 12. 0.00645
13. 0.00000362 14. 0.000978
Write each number in customary notation.

15. 5 ⴛ 103 16. 6 ⴛ 105
17. 9 ⴛ 104 18. 5.6 ⴛ 107
8.56 ⴛ 1010 3.56 ⴛ 108

19. 20.
21. 6 ⴛ 10ⴚ2 22. 6.7 ⴛ 10ⴚ5
23. 8.76 ⴛ 10ⴚ6 24. 9.22 ⴛ 10ⴚ8
Perform each computation. Write your answers in scientific

notation.
25. (4 ⴛ 102)(3 ⴛ 102) 26. (6 ⴛ 104)(2 ⴛ 105)
27. (2 ⴛ 103) ⴙ (4 ⴛ 103) 28. (7 ⴛ 107) ⴙ (5 ⴛ 107)
29. (7 ⴛ 105) ⴚ (2 ⴛ 105) 30. (9 ⴛ 106) ⴚ (2 ⴛ 106)

12 ⴛ 104 6 ⴛ 106
31. 32.
2 ⴛ 10 2 2 ⴛ 103
(2 ⴛ 103)(4 ⴛ 102) (8 ⴛ 1010 )(6 ⴛ 102)
33. 34.
4 ⴛ 10 4 2 ⴛ 10 8

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
8.6 Exponential Functions
Graph each of the following:
1. y ⴝ 7x 2. y ⴝ 0.1x 3. y ⴝ 1.5x
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2
x x
x –4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4
–4 –2 O 2 4 –2 –2
–2
–4 –4
–4
–6 –6
–6
Graph each function. In each case, describe the effect

of 1 in the transformation of the parent function.
4. y ⴝ 2x ⴙ 1 5. y ⴝ 2xⴙ1 6. y ⴝ 1 ⴢ 2x
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2

x x x
–4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4
–2 –2 –2
–4 –4 –4
–6 –6 –6
x
(1)
If f (x) ⴝ 2 , find the following values for the function:
7. ƒ(2) 8. ƒ(0) 9. ƒ(ⴚ1) 10. ƒ(ⴚ2)
11. ƒ(ⴚ3) 12. ƒ(ⴚ4) 13. ƒ(4) 14. ƒ(3)
The population of a city is about 200,000 and is growing at a rate of about 0.6% per year.
15. What multiplier is used to find the new population each year?
16. Estimate the population 4 years from now.

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NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
8.7 Applications of Exponential Functions
From 1964 to 1992 the percent of female drivers in the United States rose steadily. The percent
increase is modeled by y ⫽ 40(1.03)x, where x is the number of years, beginning with x ⴝ 0 in
1964, and y is the percent increase.
1. Use the model to estimate the percent increase of female drivers in
the United States in 1975.
2. Estimate the percent increase of female drivers in the United States
in the year 2000.
The “Mendelssohn” Stradivarius violin was estimated to be worth

approximately $1,700,000 in 1990. The violin is expected to increase
in value by approximately 7.5% each year.
3. Use a calculator to complete the table.
Number of years 0 1 2 3 4 5
Value (in millions)
4. Find an equation to model the growth in value.

5. Graph the function from Exercise 4 by using a graphics calculator.
6. Estimate the value of the violin in the year 2010.
The International Telecommunication Union estimated 130,000,000 telephone subscribers in

the United States in 1991. The number of telephone subscribers is estimated to increase 8%
each year.
7. Find a function to model this growth in subscribers.
8. Use the formula to estimate the number of subscribers in the year 2001.
9. Graph this function by using a graphics calculator.
10. Estimate the number of subscribers in the year 2011.

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Practice
9.1 Adding and Subtracting Polynomials
1. Write the polynomials and the sum – – –
modeled by the tiles. + + + + +
– –
– –
+ –
– – –
+ + + + +
– – –
–
Rewrite each polynomial in standard form.

2. 2 ⴚ 8c ⴙ c 2 3. 10 ⴙ m3
4. 5n2 ⴙ 2n ⴙ 3n4 ⴚ n 5. 6x ⴚ 2x3 ⴙ 3x2 ⴙ 1
Write the degree of each polynomial.

6. 125 ⴚ d 3 7. 2s
8. 9a3 ⴚ a2 ⴙ 3a6 ⴚ a 9. 4y 2 ⴙ 3y 5 ⴚ 5 ⴙ 8y 3

Use vertical form to add.
10. 3f 2 ⴚ f ⴙ 7f and 2f 2 ⴚ 3f ⴚ 4
11. 6 ⴙ c and 3c 3 ⴙ c 2 ⴚ 12c ⴚ 6
Use horizontal form to add.

12. 4q ⴙ 2q3 ⴚ 1 and 1 ⴚ 2q ⴙ 6q2
13. 3y 3 ⴚ 3y 2 ⴙ 6y and 2y 3 ⴚ 6y ⴚ 3
Use vertical form to subtract.

14. 4m2 from 3m3 ⴚ 6m2 ⴙ m ⴚ 1 15. 3n ⴚ 1 from 2n 2 ⴚ 1
Use horizontal form to subtract.

16. 10a2 ⴙ 2a ⴚ 8 ⴚ (10a2 ⴙ 8) 17. 7x3 ⴚ 3x ⴙ 2 ⴚ (x2 ⴙ 2)

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Practice
9.2 Modeling Polynomial Multiplication
Write the factors and the product for each model.
1. + – – – 2. + + + +
+
+
+ + – – – + + + + +
+ + + + +
Use the Distributive Property to find each product.

3. 6(x ⴙ 2) 4. 7(x ⴚ 2)
5. 9(2x ⴚ 3) 6. ⴚ2(3x ⴙ 4)
7. ⴚ4(x ⴚ 5) 8. 10(2x ⴚ 2)
9. x(x ⴙ 2) 10. x(8 ⴚ x)
11. ⴚx(x ⴙ 3) 12. 6x(x ⴚ 3)
13. ⴚ2x(x ⴙ 2) 14. ⴚ4x(ⴚ x ⴙ 5)
Model each product with tiles. Check by substituting

values for x.
15. x(x ⴙ 4) 16. 2x(2x ⴙ 1)

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Practice
9.3 Multiplying Binomials
Use the Distributive Property to find each product.
1. (a ⴙ 4)(a ⴙ 5) 2. (2n ⴚ 3)(n ⴚ 2)
3. (t ⴙ 6)(2t ⴚ 3) 4. (4y ⴚ 1)(2y ⴙ 3)
5. (4c ⴚ 3)(4c ⴚ 1) 6. (x ⴙ 2)(x ⴚ 8)
7. (p ⴚ 7)(6p ⴙ 2) 8. (8f ⴙ 1)(8f ⴙ 1)
9. (4x ⴙ 3)(4x ⴚ 3) 10. (5w ⴚ 6)(5w ⴙ 6)
Use the FOIL method to find each product.

11. (r ⴚ 1)(r ⴚ 2) 12. (a ⴚ 7)(a ⴚ 3)
13. (m ⴚ 4)(m ⴚ 4) 14. (w ⴙ 0.5)(w ⴚ 0.4)
15. (s ⴙ 3)(2s ⴚ 9) 16. (y ⴚ 4)(y ⴙ 4)
17. (3c ⴚ 5d)(5c ⴙ 3d) 18. (3m ⴙ 2)(3m ⴙ 4)
19. (3x ⴙ 2y)(3x ⴚ 2y) 20. (2m ⴙ 5)(2m ⴙ 5)
21. (2y ⴚ 1)(3y ⴚ 1) 22. (2x ⴙ 1)(5x ⴙ 2)
23. (7s ⴙ 1)(7s ⴙ 1) 24. (7x ⴙ 1)(7x ⴚ 1)

25. (m ⴙ n)(m ⴙ n) 26. (4d ⴚ 2c)(2d ⴙ c)
27. (0.2x ⴙ 2)(0.1x ⴚ 5) 28. (5p ⴚ 4q)(5p ⴙ 4q)
29. (s2 ⴙ t)(s2 ⴚ t) 30. (s2 ⴙ t)(s2 ⴙ t)
x–2
31. Find the area of the rectangle in terms of x.
x+6
32. Find the area of the square in terms of x.

x–7

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Practice
9.4 Polynomial Functions
Show that each equation is true or false by substituting the

integers ⴚ1, 0, and 1 for x.
1. x2 ⴚ x ⴚ 12 ⴝ (x ⴚ 4)(x ⴙ 3) 2. x2 ⴙ 7x ⴙ 10 ⴝ (x ⴙ 5)(x ⴚ 2)
3. x2 ⴚ 6x ⴙ 9 ⴝ (x ⴚ 3)2 4. x2 ⴚ 36 ⴝ (x ⴙ 6)(x ⴚ 6)
5. x2 ⴙ 5x ⴙ 25 ⴝ (x ⴙ 5)2 6. 4x2 ⴚ 16t 2 ⴝ (2x ⴚ 4t)(2x ⴙ 4t)
Write a function for the indicated measurement of each

geometric solid.
7. the surface area of a cube with an edge 3x centimeters long
8. the volume of a cube with an edge x inches long
9. the surface area of a rectangular solid with a base length of 5 inches

and a base width of 3 inches
10. the volume of a rectangular solid with a base length of 4.5

centimeters and a base width of 3.2 centimeters
11. the surface area of a cylinder with a height of 7 inches and a radius
of x inches
12. the volume of a cylinder with a height of 1.3 meters and a diameter
of x meters

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Practice
9.5 Common Factors
Identify each polynomial as prime or not prime.
1. 9x2 ⴙ 24x ⴙ 15 2. 9a2 ⴙ 24a
3. 9m2 ⴙ 16 4. x2 ⴙ 5x ⴚ 6
5. 2x2 ⴙ 2x ⴙ 4 6. 4x2 ⴙ 25y 2
Factor each polynomial by using the GCF.

7. 3x2 ⴚ 9x 8. 6r 3 ⴙ 3r 2 ⴚ 7r
9. 6w4 ⴙ 3w2 ⴚ 9 10. 3q2 ⴙ 6q5 ⴙ 9q
11. 18b3 ⴚ 36b2 ⴚ 9 12. 3v 6 ⴚ 9v 4 ⴙ 147v 2
13. xy ⴚ 2x2y ⴙ xy 3 14. 10wz2 ⴚ 5wz ⴙ 15w 2z
Write each as the product of two binomials.

15. y(y ⴙ 1) ⴙ 2(y ⴙ 1) 16. 3(c ⴙ d ) ⴚ a(c ⴙ d)
17. 2(x ⴙ w) ⴚ z(x ⴙ w) 18. 6(x ⴚ 2) ⴙ y(x ⴚ 2)

19. a(a ⴚ b) ⴚ b(a ⴚ b) 20. 3x(x ⴙ 4) ⴚ 2(x ⴙ 4)
21. 4(x ⴚ 2y) ⴙ x(x ⴚ 2y) 22. z(4 ⴚ w) ⴙ y(4 ⴚ w)
23. 7x(x ⴚ 1) ⴙ (x ⴚ 1) 24. mn(r ⴙ 1) ⴚ (r ⴙ 1)
Factor by grouping.
25. 4ax ⴚ bx ⴙ 4ay ⴚ by 26. 2pq2 ⴙ 4pq ⴚ 2q ⴚ 4
27. 3a ⴙ 3 ⴚ a2 ⴚ a 28. 6m3 ⴙ 4m ⴚ 9m2 ⴚ 6
29. 3m ⴚ 12 ⴙ m3 ⴚ 4m2 30. ab 2 ⴙ 5a ⴚ 6b 2 ⴚ 30
31. 2cd ⴚ c ⴚ 6d ⴙ 3 32. 4 ⴚ 2x ⴙ 6 ⴚ 3x
33. 2xz ⴙ 2yz ⴙ x ⴙ y 34. mx ⴙ 5m ⴙ nx ⴙ 5n
35. xy ⴙ 2y ⴙ x ⴙ 2 36. 3x2 ⴙ 3xy ⴚ 2xy ⴚ 2y 2

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Practice
9.6 Factoring Special Polynomials
Use the generalization of a perfect-square trinomial or the
difference of two squares to find each product.
1. (x ⴚ 1)2 2. (2x ⴙ 3)2
3. (a ⴙ 5)2 4. (3g ⴙ 1)2
5. (2a ⴚ 5)2 6. (x ⴚ y)2
7. (x ⴙ 2y)2 8. (3m ⴚ n)2
9. (x ⴚ 3)(x ⴙ 3) 10. (4y ⴙ 1)(4y ⴚ 1)
11. (5x ⴙ 2)(5x ⴚ 2) 12. (6r ⴚ s)(6r ⴙ s)
Factor each polynomial completely.

13. x2 ⴚ 25 14. y 2 ⴚ 49
15. 2x2 ⴚ 2 16. 4y 2 ⴚ 16
17. 16y 2 ⴚ 25 18. 121 ⴚ x2
19. 9 ⴚ 16y 2 20. x2 ⴚ 6x ⴙ 9
21. x2 ⴙ 10x ⴙ 25 22. y 2 ⴚ 16y ⴙ 64

23. z2 ⴚ 20z ⴙ 100 24. 64x 2 ⴚ 48xy ⴙ 9y 2
25. 25 ⴚ 10a ⴙ a2 26. 4m2 ⴙ 4m ⴙ 1
27. 81r 2s2 ⴚ 100t 4q 4 28. 16x2 ⴙ 24x ⴙ 9
29. x 2 ⴙ 2xy ⴙ y 2 30. 4a2 ⴙ 4ab ⴙ b 2
31. y 2 ⴚ x2 32. 25a2 ⴚ 1
33. 1 ⴚ x2y 4 34. 144c2 ⴚ 120cd ⴙ 25d 2
35. 6a 2 ⴚ 216b 2 36. 49x ⴚ xy 2
37. 12x4 ⴚ 12 38. b 4 ⴚ 2b 2 ⴙ b 2 ⴚ 2
39. 4c2 ⴚ 24c ⴙ 36 40. 4m4n2 ⴙ 4m3n2 ⴙ m2n2

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Practice
9.7 Factoring Quadratic Trinomials
Write each trinomial in factored form.
1. x2 ⴙ x ⴚ 30 2. m2 ⴙ 9m ⴙ 20
3. c 2 ⴚ c ⴚ 72 4. d 2 ⴚ 7d ⴙ 12
5. y 2 ⴙ y ⴚ 156 6. f 2 ⴚ 2f ⴚ 48
For each polynomial, write all of the factor pairs of the third term,
and then circle the pair that would successfully factor the
polynomial.
7. n2 ⴚ 8n ⴙ 15 8. t 2 ⴚ 121
9. s 2 ⴙ 5s ⴙ 4 10. q 2 ⴚ 2q ⴚ 35
Write each trinomial as a product of its factors. Use factoring

patterns, graphing, or algebra tiles to assist you in your work.
11. g 2 ⴚ 3g ⴚ 40 12. h 2 ⴙ 6h ⴚ 40
13. j 2 ⴙ 22j ⴙ 40 14. k2 ⴚ 39k ⴚ 40
15. x2 ⴚ x ⴚ 12 16. y 2 ⴚ 7y ⴚ 18

17. a2 ⴚ 9a ⴙ 14 18. x2 ⴚ 5x ⴚ 6
19. x2 ⴚ 8x ⴙ 15 20. p2 ⴙ 18p ⴙ 45

21. x2 ⴚ 9x ⴚ 36 22. x2 ⴚ x ⴚ 42
23. x2 ⴚ 81 24. x2 ⴙ 17x ⴙ 60
25. x2 ⴙ 4x ⴚ 12 26. x2 ⴙ 14x ⴚ 32
27. x2 ⴙ 12x ⴙ 35 28. x2 ⴚ x ⴚ 72
29. x2 ⴙ 17x ⴙ 72 30. x2 ⴚ 17x ⴙ 72
31. x2 ⴙ x ⴚ 72 32. x3 ⴙ 7x2 ⴙ 12x
33. 2x2 ⴙ 6x ⴙ 3 34. 6x2 ⴙ 8x ⴚ 30
35. 5x2 ⴙ 7xy ⴙ 2y 2 36. 14x2 ⴙ 23xy ⴙ 3y 2

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Practice
9.8 Solving Equations by Factoring
Identify the zeros for each function.
1. y ⴝ (x ⴙ 4)(x ⴚ 3) 2. y ⴝ (x ⴙ 4)(x ⴙ 4)
3. y ⴝ (x ⴙ 6)(x ⴚ 7) 4. y ⴝ (x ⴚ 5)(x ⴚ 2)
5. y ⴝ (x ⴙ 21)(x ⴚ 16) 6. y ⴝ x(x ⴚ 12)
7. y ⴝ (2x ⴙ 5)(x ⴙ 1) 8. y ⴝ (3x ⴙ 6)(x ⴚ 4)
9. y ⴝ x(5x ⴙ 1) 10. y ⴝ (2x ⴚ 3)(3x ⴚ 2)
Solve by factoring.
11. x2 ⴙ 5x ⴙ 6 ⴝ 0 12. x2 ⴙ x ⴚ 20 ⴝ 0
13. x2 ⴙ 6x ⴚ 7 ⴝ 0 14. x2 ⴚ 4 ⴝ 0
15. x2 ⴙ 6x ⴝ ⴚ9 16. x2 ⴙ x ⴚ 12 ⴝ 0
17. x2 ⴙ 16x ⴙ 64 ⴝ 0 18. x2 ⴙ 8x ⴝ 9
19. x2 ⴙ 2x ⴝ 3 20. x2 ⴚ 5x ⴝ 6
21. x2 ⴙ 18x ⴝ ⴚ81 22. x2 ⴚ 25 ⴝ 0

23. 2x2 ⴙ 11x ⴙ 5 ⴝ 0 24. 3x2 ⴙ 5x ⴙ 2 ⴝ 0

25. x2 ⴙ 8x ⴝ 0 26. x2 ⴚ 8x ⴝ ⴚ16
27. 2x2 ⴙ 9x ⴙ 10 ⴝ 0 28. 3x2 ⴙ 8x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 0
x
29. The area of the rectangle is 40 square centimeters. Find the value of x.
x+6
30. The area of the square is 16 square centimeters. Find the value of x.
x–4

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Practice
10.1 Graphing Parabolas
Describe how the graph of each function differs from the graph of
the parent function, y ⴝ x 2 .
1. y ⴝ 2(x ⴙ 5)2
2. y ⴝ (x ⴚ 1)2 ⴙ 5
3. y ⴝ ⴚ3(x ⴙ 1)2
4. y ⴝ (x ⴙ 6)2
5. y ⴝ ⴚ(x ⴙ 3)2 ⴚ 2
1
6. y ⴝ 2 (x ⴚ 4)2
Determine the vertex and axis of symmetry for each function, and
then sketch a graph from the information.
y y
7. y ⴝ ⴚ(x ⴚ 5)2 8. y ⴝ (x ⴚ 1)2 ⴙ 2
6 6
4 4
2 2
x x
–2 O 2 4 6 –4 –2 O 2 4
–2 –2

–4 –4
–6 –6
y
9. y ⴝ 2(x ⴚ 3)2 y 10. y ⴝ 3(x ⴙ 2)2 ⴚ 1
6 6
4 4
2 2
x x
– 4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4
–2 –2
–4 –4
–6 –6
Find the zeros of each polynomial function. Check by graphing.

11. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 2x ⴚ 15 12. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴚ 15
13. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 8x ⴙ 15 14. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 5x ⴚ 14
15. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 11x ⴙ 30 16. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 3x ⴚ 4

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Practice
10.2 Solving Equations of the Form ax 2 ⴝ k
Find each square root. Round answers to the nearest hundredth.
1. 兹1 2. 兹81 3. 兹16 4. 兹225
5. 兹30 6. 兹18 7. 兹110 8. 兹55
Solve each equation for x. Round answers to the nearest

hundredth.
9. x 2 ⴝ 16 10. x 2 ⴝ 900
1
11. x 2 ⴝ 75 12. x2 ⴝ 4
4 9
13. x 2 ⴝ 49 14. x 2 ⴝ 25
15. (x ⴚ 2)2 ⴝ 16 16. (x ⴙ 2)2 ⴝ 16
17. x2 ⴚ 4 ⴝ 0 18. 4 ⴝ (x ⴙ 3)2
19. ⴚ(x ⴙ 3)2 ⴙ 4 ⴝ 0 20. (x ⴚ 2)2 ⴚ 36 ⴝ 0
21. (x ⴚ 3)2 ⴝ 18 22. x 2 ⴙ 1 ⴝ 17
23. x2 ⴙ 2 ⴝ 5 24. (x ⴙ 5)2 ⴝ 7
Find the vertex, axis of symmetry, and zeros of each function.

Sketch the graph.
25. f(x) ⴝ (x ⴚ 1)2 ⴚ 1 26. g(x) ⴝ (x ⴙ 2)2 ⴚ 4

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Practice
10.3 Completing the Square
Use algebra tiles to complete the square for each binomial. Draw
a sketch of your algebra-tile model. Write each perfect-square
trinomial in the form x 2 ⴙ bx ⴙ c.
1. x 2 ⴚ 6x 2. x 2 ⴙ 2x
3. x 2 ⴚ 4x 4. x 2 ⴙ 10x
Complete the square.

5. x 2 ⴙ 8x 6. x 2 ⴚ 8x
7. x 2 ⴙ 11x 8. x 2 ⴚ 11x
Rewrite each function in the form y ⴝ (x ⴚ h)2 ⴙ k.

9. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 4x ⴙ 4 ⴚ 4 10. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 4x ⴙ 4 ⴚ 4
11. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 18x ⴙ 81 ⴚ 81 12. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 18x ⴙ 81 ⴚ 81

13. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 24x ⴙ 144 ⴚ 144 14. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 22x ⴙ 121 ⴚ 121
Refer to the equation y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 6x for Exercises 15 and 16.

15. Complete the square and rewrite in the form y ⴝ (x ⴚ h)2 ⴙ k.
16. Find the vertex and maximum (or minimum) value.
Rewrite each equation in the form y ⴝ (x ⴚ h)2 ⴙ k. Find the vertex

of each quadratic function.
17. f(x) ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 3 18. f(x) ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 2
19. f(x) ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴚ 8 20. f(x) ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 4x ⴙ 3

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Practice
10.4 Solving Equations of the Form x 2 ⴙ bx ⴙ c ⴝ 0
Find the zeros of each function. Graph to check.
1. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 13x ⴙ 42 2. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 13x ⴙ 42
3. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ x ⴚ 42 4. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 7x ⴙ 12
5. y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ x ⴚ 12 6. y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ x ⴚ 12
Solve each equation by factoring.

7. x 2 ⴚ 4x ⴚ 60 ⴝ 0 8. x 2 ⴚ 10x ⴙ 21 ⴝ 0
9. x 2 ⴙ 5x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 0 10. x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴚ 24 ⴝ 0
11. x2 ⴚ x ⴚ 6 ⴝ 0 12. x 2 ⴚ 5x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 0
13. x 2 ⴙ 11x ⴙ 30 ⴝ 0 14. x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴚ 8 ⴝ 0
15. x 2 ⴙ 6x ⴙ 9 ⴝ 0 16. x 2 ⴚ 2x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 0
17. x 2 ⴙ x ⴚ 30 ⴝ 0 18. x 2 ⴙ 5x ⴚ 14 ⴝ 0
Solve each equation by completing the square.

19. x 2 ⴙ 5x ⴙ 6 ⴝ 0 20. x 2 ⴙ 3x ⴙ 2 ⴝ 0
21. x 2 ⴙ x ⴚ 12 ⴝ 0 22. x 2 ⴙ 7x ⴙ 10 ⴝ 0
23. x 2 ⴚ 2x ⴝ 3 24. x 2 ⴙ 4x ⴝ 5
25. x 2 ⴙ 6 ⴝ 7x 26. x 2 ⴙ 24 ⴝ 11x
Find the point(s) where the graphs intersect. Graph

to check.
27. 再 yⴝ4
y ⴝ x2
28. 再 y ⴝ ⴚx ⴚ 5
y ⴝ x 2 ⴙ 3x ⴚ 10
29. 再 y ⴝ 7x ⴚ 35
y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 3x ⴚ 10
30. 再 yⴝxⴚ2
y ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 7x ⴙ 10

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Practice
10.5 The Quadratic Formula
Identify a, b, and c for each quadratic equation.
1. x 2 ⴙ 3x ⴙ 2 ⴝ 0 2. x 2 ⴚ 2x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 0
3. x 2 ⴙ 7x ⴚ 3 ⴝ 0 4. x 2 ⴚ 5x ⴙ 3 ⴝ 0
5. 3x 2 ⴚ 4 ⴝ 0 6. 2x 2 ⴙ 15x ⴝ 0
7. 10x 2 ⴙ 1 ⴙ 6x ⴝ 0 8. 7x ⴙ x 2 ⴚ 2 ⴝ 0
9. x 2 ⴝ 36 10. x 2 ⴙ 36 ⴝ 12x
11. x 2 ⴚ 6x ⴝ 0 12. 3x 2 ⴝ 5x
Find the value of the discriminant and determine the number of

solutions for each equation.
13. 4x 2 ⴙ 3x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 0 14. x 2 ⴙ 5x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 0
15. x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴚ 6 ⴝ 0 16. 2x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 0
17. x 2 ⴚ 5x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 0 18. 7 ⴚ x 2 ⴙ 6x ⴝ 0
19. x 2 ⴚ 4x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 0 20. 3 ⴚ 4x ⴙ 2x 2 ⴝ 0
Use the quadratic formula to solve each equation. Give answers

to the nearest hundredth. Check by substitution.
21. 3x 2 ⴚ 4x ⴚ 2 ⴝ 0 22. 2x 2 ⴚ 5x ⴚ 4 ⴝ 0
23. 3x 2 ⴚ 8 ⴝ 0 24. 6x 2 ⴚ 5x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 0
25. x 2 ⴚ 8x ⴙ 8 ⴝ 0 26. x2 ⴚ 5 ⴝ 0
Choose any method to solve each quadratic equation. Give

answers to the nearest hundredth.
27. x2 ⴚ x ⴚ 2 ⴝ 0 28. x 2 ⴚ 7x ⴙ 12 ⴝ 0
29. x 2 ⴙ 3x ⴙ 2 ⴝ 0 30. x 2 ⴚ 25 ⴝ 0
31. 3x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴚ 5 ⴝ 0 32. x 2 ⴙ 3x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 0
33. 2x 2 ⴚ 10x ⴙ 8 ⴝ 0 34. x 2 ⴙ 5x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 0

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Practice
10.6 Graphing Quadratic Inequalities
Solve each quadratic inequality by using the Zero Product
Property. Graph the solution on a number line.
1. x 2 ⴚ 3x ⴚ 40 0 2. x 2 ⴙ 9x ⴙ 14 0
3. x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴙ 1 0 4. x 2 ⴚ x ⴚ 30 0
5. x 2 ⴚ x ⴚ 12 0 6. x 2 ⴙ 3x ⴙ 2 0
Graph each quadratic inequality on the grid provided. Shade the

solution region.
7. y x2 ⴚ 4 8. y ⴚx 2 ⴙ 4
y y
x
9. y x 2 ⴙ 4x 10. y x 2 ⴙ 4x ⴙ 4
y y

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Practice
11.1 Inverse Variation
Determine whether each of the following is an example of inverse
variation:
q 3
1. pⴝ3 2. p ⴝ 3q 3. pⴝq
For Exercises 4 –7, y varies inversely as x.

4. If y is 6 when x is 10, find x when y is 12.
5. If x is 25 when y is 5, find y when x is 5.
6. If x is ⴚ12 when y is ⴚ6, find x when y is 6.
7. If y is ⴚ0.5 when x is 40, find x when y is 2.
8. The time required to complete an engine overhaul varies inversely

as the number of people who work on the job. It takes 4 hours for 6
students to complete an engine overhaul. If they all work at the
same rate, how long would it take 2 students to complete the job?
9. The intensity with which an object is illuminated varies inversely as the

square of its distance from the light source. At 1.5 feet from a light bulb,

the intensity of the light is 60 units. What is the intensity at 1 foot?
The customary unit of power is horsepower. A horse doing average work

can pull 550 pounds a distance of 1 foot in 1 second. The horsepower, H, in
feet per second needed to lift 100 pounds 10 feet can be modeled by
103
the rational equation H ⴝ t , where t is time in seconds.
Time (seconds) 5 10 15 20 25 30
Horsepower
11. Find the products of time and horsepower. Describe the products.
12. What is the relationship between time and horsepower?

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Practice
11.2 Rational Expressions and Functions
For what values are these rational expressions undefined?
2a ⴙ 5 3d ⴙ 7 eⴚ9
1. 2. 3.
2a 2d ⴚ 3 eⴚ7
5z ⴙ 6 3w ⴙ 4 7y ⴙ 2
4. 5. 6.
z(6z ⴚ 1) (w ⴙ 4)(w ⴚ 1) 5y 2 ⴙ 10y
Evaluate each rational expression for f ⴝ 3 and f ⴝ 0. Write

undefined if appropriate.
4f ⴚ 1 2f ⴙ 5 ⴚ2f ⴙ 8
7. 8. 9.
2f ⴚ 3 fⴙ3 6f
3f ⴚ 7 2f fⴚ1
10. 11. 12.
fⴚ3 2f (f ⴚ 3) f (f ⴙ 3)
1
Describe the transformations applied to the graph of f (x) ⴝ x to
create the graph of each rational function below. List any values
for which the function is undefined.
2
13. g(x) ⴝ x ⴚ 4
1
14. g(x) ⴝ x ⴙ 4 ⴚ 2
Graph each rational function. State any restrictions.

2 1 1
15. f(x) ⴝ x ⴚ 3 16. f(x) ⴝ x ⴙ 4 17. f(x) ⴝ x ⴙ 3 ⴙ 3

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Practice
11.3 Simplifying Rational Expressions
For what values of the variable is each rational expression

undefined?
nⴚ2 (w ⴚ 2)(w ⴚ 3)
1. 2.
2ⴚn (w ⴙ 5)(w ⴚ 4)
10m 6
3. 4.
m x(x 2 ⴙ 2x ⴙ 1)
Write the common factors.

5ⴢ3 a4b
5. 6.
2ⴢ5 ab
(r ⴙ 2)(r ⴙ 3) (x ⴙ 3)2
7. 8.
r(r ⴙ 3) x2 ⴚ 9
y2 ⴚ y ⴚ 6 3ⴚk
9. 10. 2
y2 ⴚ 9 k ⴚ 2k ⴚ 3

Simplify.
x3 2(x ⴙ y)
11. 12.
3x 8(x ⴙ y)2
aⴙ4 8w ⴚ 12
13. 14.
2a ⴙ 8 4
pⴙ7 64 ⴚ x 2
15. 16.
p 2 ⴚ 49 8ⴚx
h2 ⴙ h ⴚ 12 fⴙg
17. 18.
h 2 ⴙ 5h ⴙ 4 3(f ⴙ g)3
3x 2 ⴚ 12x ⴚ 15 5z3 ⴚ 125z

19. 20.
3x 2 ⴚ 18x ⴙ 15 10z2 ⴚ 250
2x 2 ⴙ 16x ⴙ 32 y 2 ⴚ 25
21. 22. 2
xⴙ4 y ⴚ 10y ⴙ 25

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Practice
11.4 Operations With Rational Expressions
Perform the indicated operations. Simplify and state the
restrictions on the variables.
3 4 6 2
1.
5z ⴙ 5z 2.
xⴚ3 ⴙxⴚ3
5a 2a x 1
3.
aⴙb ⴚaⴙb 4.
xⴚ1 ⴚxⴚ1
1 2 c d
5.
p ⴚq 6.
3d ⴙ 3c
4 m y 2 12
7.
mn ⴢ 2 8. 6 ⴢ y3
x3 x2 a2 (a ⴚ 3)
9.
6 ⴙ 12 10.
3ⴚa
a3 a t 2 ⴙ 2t 3t ⴚ 6
11.
(a ⴙ 1)2 ⴙ (a ⴙ 1)2 12.
t2 ⴚ 4 ⴢ t
y 2 ⴙ 5y ⴙ 6 y 3x 2
13. ⴢ 14.
3x ⴚ 2 ⴚ 3x ⴚ 2
y2 yⴙ2
m2 ⴚ n2 mn 1 x
15.
m 2n 2 ⴢ 1 16.
x ⴙ 1 ⴙ x2 ⴚ 1
3x 2 2ⴚx 8b ⴚ 40 b ⴙ 5
17.
1 ⴚ x2 ⴚ 1 ⴚ x2 18.
8 ⴢ b 2 ⴚ 25
6 2c 2 ⴚ 2c ⴚ 12 x ⴚ3xy
19. 2
c ⴚ 3c ⴢ 6c ⴙ 12 20.
x ⴙ y ⴚ (x ⴙ y)2
3x 3 z
21. 4 ⴙ x2 ⴚ 6 22.
zⴚ1 ⴙ1ⴚz
4 1 nⴙ4 12
23.
xⴚ3 ⴢx 24.
16 ⴢ n2 ⴚ 16
2 3x 3d d
25. ⴙ x 2 ⴙ 4x ⴚ 5 26.
d2 ⴚ 9 ⴙ 3 ⴙ d
xⴙ5

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Practice
11.5 Solving Rational Equations
Solve the following rational equations by finding the lowest
common denominator:
2 29 z z
1.
y ⴙ3ⴝ y 2.
2 ⴚ7ⴝ3
1 3 5 2x x
3.
x ⴙx ⴝ4 4.
3 ⴚ2 ⴝ5
3 ⴚ 5c 3c ⴚ 6 1 xⴚ3
5.
8 ⴙ 5 ⴝ1 6.
4 ⴚ 8x ⴝ 0
1 2 1 yⴚ1 ⴚy
7.
xⴙ6 ⴝxⴙ9 ⴚxⴙ3 8.
y ⴚ 2 ⴝ yⴙ1
4b ⴙ 5 6b ⴙ 1 x 5
9.
2b ⴙ 1 ⴝ 3b ⴚ 1 10.
x2 ⴚ 3 ⴝ x ⴙ 4
6 y y
11.
a ⴚ1ⴝa 12.
yⴚ5 ⴙ yⴚ5 ⴝ3
3x ⴚ 1 xⴚ5 4w 2w
13.
4 ⴝ 5 ⴚ2 14.
3w ⴚ 2 ⴙ 3w ⴙ 2 ⴝ 2

2 1 11 12 24
15.
x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 12 16.
x 2 ⴚ 16 ⴚ 3 ⴝ x ⴚ 4
1 2 m 2 1
17. 2
r ⴚ1 ⴝ r2 ⴙ r ⴚ 2 18.
m 2 ⴚ 1 ⴙ m ⴙ 1 ⴝ 2m ⴚ 2
t 1 17 3 yⴙ3
19.
t ⴚ 5 ⴝ t ⴙ 5 ⴚ 25 ⴚ t 2 20. 2 ⴚ y 2 ⴙ 5y ⴙ 6 ⴝ y ⴙ 2
qⴚ3 qⴚ3 g gⴙ7

21.
4ⴙq ⴝ 7 22.
gⴚ2 ⴝ 1 ⴙ gⴙ2
Solve the following rational equations by graphing:
3x x x xⴚ3
23.
5 ⴝ2 ⴚ1 24.
4 ⴙ 3 ⴝ6
1 1 2 2x ⴚ 6 xⴚ1
25.
xⴙ2 ⴙxⴚ3 ⴝx 26.
3x ⴙ 1 ⴝ 4x ⴚ 4

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Practice
11.6 Proof in Algebra
Give a reason for each step.
Proof
3x ⴙ 2(x ⴙ 4) ⴝ 13
1. 3x ⴙ 2x ⴙ 8 ⴝ 13
2. 5x ⴙ 8 ⴝ 13
3. 5x ⴙ 8 ⴚ 8 ⴝ 13 ⴚ 8
4. 5x ⴙ 0 ⴝ 5
5. 5x ⴝ 5
5x 5
6.
5 ⴝ5
7. xⴝ1
ⴚa a
Give a reason for each step in the proof that b ⴝ ⴚb .
Proof
ⴚa 1
8.
b ⴝ ⴚa b ()
1
(
ⴝⴚ aⴢb )
9.
a
10. ⴝ ⴚb
Give a reason for each step in the proof that

ⴚa(b ⴙ c) ⴝ ⴚab ⴚ ac.
Proof
11. ⴚa(b ⴙ c) ⴝ ⴚab ⴙ ⴚac
12. ⴝ ⴚab ⴚ ac
Prove each of the following statements. Give a reason for each

step on a separate piece of paper.
13. If ⴚ6x ⴚ 2 ⴝ ⴚ8x ⴚ 4, then x ⴝ ⴚ1.
14. If 3(n ⴚ 2) ⴝ 9, then n ⴝ 5.

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Practice
12.1 Operations With Radicals
Simplify each radical expression by factoring.
1. 兹144 2. 兹72
3. 兹288 4. 兹4000
5. 兹3264 6. 兹8775
Express each radical expression in simplest radical form.

7. 兹8 兹14 8. 兹3 兹27
兹72
9. 兹12 兹6 10.
兹6
兹162 兹500
11. 12.
兹3 兹50
Simplify each radical expression. Assume that all variables are

non-negative and that all denominators are nonzero.
13. 兹m 6n 14. 兹a 8 b 6

15.
兹x3
y6 16.
兹 x5
y9
If possible, perform each indicated operation and simplify

your answer.
17. 兹12 ⴙ 3兹3 18. 3兹27 ⴚ 5兹3
兹1 ⴙ 兹25
19.
兹2
20. (5 ⴙ 兹5) ⴙ (2 ⴚ 兹3)
Simplify each radical expression.

21. (2兹3)2 22. (
2 兹3 ⴙ 兹12 )
23. (兹12 ⴙ 2 )(兹12 ⴚ 2 ) 24. 兹3(2 ⴙ 兹12 )
2 2
25. (兹3 ⴙ 2 ) 26. ( 兹3 ⴙ 兹12 )

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Practice
12.2 Square-Root Functions and Radical Equations
Solve each equation algebraically. Be sure to check your solution.

1. 兹x ⴚ 7 ⴝ 3 2. 兹7 ⴚ x ⴝ 3
3. 兹ⴚx ⴚ 7 ⴝ 3 4. 兹x ⴚ 3 ⴝ x
5. 兹2x ⴙ 3 ⴝ 兹x ⴙ 7 6. 兹2x ⴙ 3 ⴝ 5
7. 兹5 ⴙ x ⴝ 3 8. 兹11 ⴚ 10x ⴝ 9
9. 兹3x ⴚ 2 ⴝ ⴚ1 10. 兹x ⴚ 2 ⴝ 3
11. 兹2x ⴙ 1 ⴝ x ⴚ 1 12. 兹2x ⴙ 15 ⴝ x
Use graphing technology or sketch the graphs on your graph

paper to solve each equation, if possible.
13. 4兹x ⴝ ⴚx ⴚ 3 14. 兹x ⴙ 0.1 ⴝ 1.0
Solve each equation, if possible. If not possible, explain why.

15. 5x 2 ⴝ 125
16. x 2 ⴚ 1 ⴝ 120
17. 4x 2 ⴝ 120
18. 兹x ⴝ ⴚ49
19. x 2 ⴙ 169 ⴝ 0
20. 兹x ⴙ 20 ⴝ 5
21. 兹2x ⴝ 50
22. 兹x ⴚ 1 ⴙ 6 ⴝ 2
23. 兹x ⴙ 4 ⴝ 1

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Practice
12.3 The Pythagorean Theorem
Complete the table. Use a calculator and round each answer to

the nearest tenth.
Leg Leg Hypotenuse Leg Leg Hypotenuse
1. 21 75 2. 80 82
3. 6.5 7.2 4. 20 29
5. 13 85 6. 33 44
7. 63 65 8. 48 60
9. 28 45 10. 10 24
1 1
11. 48 80 12. 5 3
13. 0.63 0.87 14. 0.036 0.077
Solve for x.

15. 16. 17.
17 36 48
25 x
x x
8
7
18. A picket fence has a gate that is 48 inches wide and 62 inches high.
Find the length, to the nearest inch, of a diagonal brace for the gate.
19. The base of a 15-foot ladder is placed 9 feet from a wall. If the
ladder leans against the wall, how high will it reach?
20. Cynthia drove 56 miles due south and 90 miles due west. If she drives in
a straight line back to the point where she started, how far will she drive?

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Practice
12.4 The Distance Formula
For each figure, find the coordinates of Q and the lengths of the
three sides of the triangle. Decide whether the triangle is scalene,
isosceles, equilateral, or right.
1. 2.
y y
Q
Q
P R
x
P R
x
Find the distance between the two given points.

3. A(ⴚ2, 8), B(10, ⴚ1) 4. M(17, 14), N(20, 10)
5. X(ⴚ7, ⴚ1), Y(ⴚ6, ⴚ1) 6. D(ⴚ3, 0), E(3, 2)

Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment.

7. AB, with A(ⴚ3, 5) and B(3, 7)
8. MN, with M(ⴚ4, 3) and N(3, ⴚ5)
9. XY, with X(ⴚ4, 5) and Y(ⴚ2, 1)
10. CD, with C(6, ⴚ4) and D(4, 6)
11. FG, with F(7, ⴚ1) and F(5, ⴚ2)
The midpoint of PQ is M. Find the missing coordinates.

12. P(52, ⴚ5), Q(16, 19), M( ) 13. P(6, ⴚ2), Q( ), M(9, 4)
14. P( ), Q(4, 8), M(10, 7) 15. P(ⴚ2, 25), Q( ), M(1, 18)

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Practice
12.5 Geometric Properties
Find an equation of a circle with its center at the origin and with
the given radius.
1. radius of 9 2. radius of 4
Sketch each circle on the grid provided. Then find the equation of
the circle.
3. center at (4, 0) and radius of 3 4. center at (ⴚ4, 0) and radius of 3
y y
4
4
2
2
x
O 2 4 6 x
–6 –4 –2 O
–2
–2
–4
5. center at (0, 4) and radius of 3 6. center at (0, ⴚ4) and radius of 3

y y
6 x
–2 O 2 4
4 –2
2 –4
x –6
–4 –2 O 2 4
Identify the center and the radius of each circle.

7. (x ⴚ 1)2 ⴙ y 2 ⴝ 4 8. (x ⴙ 1)2 ⴙ (y ⴚ 2)2 ⴝ 4

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Practice
12.6 The Tangent Function
Use a calculator to find the tangents of the following angles to
the nearest tenth:
1. 18° 2. 48° 3. 118° 4. 150°
Find the corresponding angles, to the nearest degree, for the

following tangent approximations:
5. 0.2867 6. 0.7265 7. 28.64 8. 0.9657
Use the given information to find the length, to the nearest

hundredth, of the indicated side.
9. If angle A is 30° and side b is 6 feet, B
find a.
a c
10. If angle B is 60° and side b is 16 feet,

find a. A
C b
Use the diagram to find each height

to the nearest hundredth.
11. Find the height of the building.
45 °
12. Find the height of the tree. 35 °

60 ft
100 ft
2
13. If a road has a 2% grade, its slope is 100 . What is the measure, to the
nearest tenth, of the angle at which the road inclines?
14. What is the slope of a line that makes an angle of 45° with the x-axis?
15. A mast on a sailboat supports a 28-foot tall sail. If the boom
holding the bottom of the sail is 18 feet long, what angle
does the base of the sail make with its outer edge? Round
your answer to the nearest degree.

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Practice
12.7 The Sine and Cosine Functions
Evaluate each expression to the nearest ten-thousandth.
1. sin 65° 2. sin 85°
3. cos 32° 4. cos 15°
5. sin 12° 6. sin 50°
7. cos 39° 8. cos 89°
9. sin 76° 10. sin 82°
11. cos 49° 12. cos 61°
For Exercises 13–20, use right triangle ABC shown at right. B

Find the indicated angle measure or length. Round
your answer to the nearest tenth. c
a
13. b ⴝ 6, c ⴝ 8, m∠B ⴝ
14. a ⴝ 8, c ⴝ 15, m∠B ⴝ C b A
15. b ⴝ 6, c ⴝ 9, m∠A ⴝ
16. a ⴝ 8, c ⴝ 14, m∠B ⴝ
b ⴝ 7, c ⴝ 10, m∠B ⴝ

17.
18. m∠B ⴝ 40°, c ⴝ 30, b ⴝ

19. m∠B ⴝ 52°, c ⴝ 18, a ⴝ
20. m∠A ⴝ 46°, c ⴝ 9, b ⴝ
What angle measure has each approximate sine value? Round

each answer to the nearest tenth of a degree.
21. 0.5992 22. 0.8387 23. 0.0872
24. 0.2419 25. 0.1139 26. 0.7408
What angle measure has each approximate cosine value?

Round each answer to the nearest tenth of a degree.
27. 0.3746 28. 0.8988 29. 0.0087
30. 0.9885 31. 0.5490 32. 0.0523

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Practice
12.8 Introduction to Matrices
Perform the following matrix operations. If a solution is not
possible, explain why.
1. 冤 12 69 冥 ⴙ 冤 34 110 冥 2. 冤 90 4 7
3 13冥冤
ⴙ
15 8 2
17 1 5 冥
冤冥冤冥冤冥冤冥
ⴚ4 10 ⴚ5 ⴚ31 ⴚ7 ⴚ33 38 ⴚ5 55 ⴚ14
3. ⴚ13 ⴚ8 ⴚ 4 ⴚ17 4. 44 2 ⴚ28 ⴙ ⴚ13 40 50
17 20 16 ⴚ23 9 ⴚ9 26 16 ⴚ21 ⴚ6
冤冥冤冥冤冥
2.3 ⴚ5.2 ⴚ4.6
5. ⴚ1.9 ⴙ ⴚ3 ⴚ
6 ⴚ1.7
0.2
10
6. 冤 ⴚ0.9
1.2 3.4 7
9.2 ⴚ1.3 冥冤
ⴙ
ⴚ2 1.5
6 7 冥
冤冥冤冥冤冥
1 1 2 2
3 4 ⴚ1
ⴙ 31 3.1 ⴚ [6 1.8 19]
7. 8.
3 1 1
ⴚ4 2 2 4 4.5
Matrices M and N are equal. Find the values of w, x, y, and z.
9. Mⴝ 冤 wy ⴚⴙ 17 2x5z 冥, N ⴝ 冤 1218 2635 冥
10. Mⴝ 冤 8w
2y
16
1.8 冥
, Nⴝ
24 3x
18 6z 冤冥

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Practice
13.1 Theoretical Probability
An integer from 1 to 40 is drawn at random. Find the probability
that it is
1. odd. 2. even.
3. a multiple of 4. 4. prime.
5. odd AND a multiple of 5. 6. odd OR a multiple of 5.
The letters in the word constitution are written on index cards

and placed in a brown bag.
7. A letter is selected at random. Find the probability that it is a vowel.

8. What is the probability of selecting the letter T?
9. What is the probability of selecting a consonant?
10. Find the probability that the name North Dakota
Nebraska
of a state chosen at random begins New
Hampshire
with the letter N. New York

New Jersey
North
Carolina
11. Find the probability that the name Nevada
of a state chosen at random begins New Mexico
with the letter B.
Liked drink Disliked drink Total

Boys 16 14 30
Girls 19 10 29
Total 35 24 59
A student who was surveyed is chosen at random. What is the

theoretical probability that the student
12. is a girl? 13. liked the lunch?
14. is a girl AND liked the lunch? 15. is a girl OR liked the lunch?

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Practice
13.2 Counting the Elements of Sets
List the integers from 1 to 10 inclusive that are
1. odd. 2. multiples of 2.
3. odd AND multiples of 2. 4. odd OR multiples of 2.
List the integers from 1 to 20 inclusive that are

5. multiples of 4. 6. multiples of 3.
7. multiples of 4 AND multiples of 3.
8. multiples of 4 OR multiples of 3.
9. Draw a Venn diagram that
shows the multiples of 3
and the multiples of 5 from
1 to 30 inclusive.
10. Which numbers are multiples of 3 AND of 5?

11. How is this shown in the Venn diagram?
A marketing representative gave supermarket customers a

sample taste of a new soft drink. The results are shown in the
table.
Liked drink Disliked drink Total

Men 16 14 30
Women 19 10 29
Total 35 24 59
12. How many customers are men?

13. How many customers disliked the new soft drink?
14. How many customers are men AND disliked the soft drink?
15. How many customers are men OR disliked the soft drink?

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Practice
13.3 The Fundamental Counting Principle
Jerry has 4 T-shirts, 2 pairs of jeans, and 3 pairs of shoes that can
be worn together in any combination.
1. How many ways are there for Jerry to choose an outfit?
2. How many outfits can include a blue T-shirt, assuming that it is one of the
4 T-shirts?
3. How many outfits can include a pair of black jeans, assuming that it is one
of the 2 pairs of jeans?
4. How many outfits can include a pair of brown shoes, assuming that it is
one of the 3 pairs of shoes?
How many ways are there to arrange the letters in each of the
following words?
5. cat 6. math
7. sport 8. problem
9. The Camachos are decorating their kitchen. There are 7 different
wallpaper patterns from which to choose. There are 5 borders that

coordinate with each wallpaper pattern. How many combinations
are possible?
10. Members of the pep club are selling carnations. They are selling red,
pink, or white carnations in packages of 2, 4, or 6. If all carnations
in a package must be the same color, how many choices are offered?
11. A popular car model comes in 5 different colors, with a standard or
automatic transmission, and with or without a sports package. How
many different types of cars are available in this model?
12. How many ways are there to name the A B C

given line?
13. Name all of these ways.

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Practice
13.4 Independent Events
Ten cards numbered from 1 to 10 are
placed in a bag. One card is drawn and
replaced. Then a second card is drawn.
Find the probability that
1. both are even.
2. both are odd.
3. both are prime.
4. the first one is odd AND the second is even.
5. the first one is even AND the second is odd.
6. the first one is prime AND the second is even.
7. the first one is prime AND the second is odd.
8. the first one is even AND the second is prime.
9. the first one is odd AND the second is prime.
10. neither number is prime.
One number is selected from the list 2, 4, 6, and 8. Another is

selected from the list 6, 7, and 8. Find the probability that

11. both are odd.
12. they are the same.
13. their sum is odd.
14. the number from the second list is greater than the number from
the first list.
Use the area model at right to

find the probability that
15. B occurs. A B
16. D occurs.
B occurs OR D occurs.
17.
C D

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Practice
13.5 Simulations
Suppose that the Denver Nuggets and the New York Knicks are in the
basketball championship finals and that each team has an equal chance
of winning a given game. The finals end when one team wins 4 out of 7
games. Simulate the finals for at least 10 trials.
1. Describe the three steps of the simulation.
2. Complete the chart below to give game-by-game results for each of

the 10 trials. Use random numbers generated by a coin toss or by
technology. Use W for a Knicks’ win and L for a Knicks’ loss.
Trial 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5
10
Use your results from the basketball championship simulation to

find the experimental probability of each of the following:
3. The Nuggets win the finals.
4. The Knicks win the finals in 4 games.
5. The finals last 7 games.
6. A team wins the finals after losing the first 2 games.

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Practice
14.1 Graphing Functions and Relations
Are the relations in Exercises 1– 4 functions? Why or why not?
1. {(3, 5), (1, 0), (9, 5), (2, 0)}
2. {(ⴚ1, ⴚ2), (3, 5), (1, 2), (ⴚ1, 7)}
3. y 4. y
x
O
x
O
Find the domain and range of each function.

5. {(3, 6), (11, 8), (2, 6), (1, 0)}
6. {(ⴚ2, 5), (ⴚ5, 5), (3, 5), (0, 5)}
{(ⴚ4, 3), (2, 0), (3, 1), (1, 1)}
7.
Let f (x) ⴝ 6x. Evaluate.

8. f(2) 9. f(ⴚ1) 10. f(0.5)
Evaluate each function given x = 3.

11. f(x) ⴝ x 2 12. g(x) ⴝ ⴚ2x
1
13. f(x) ⴝ x 14. h(x) ⴝ ⴚ4ⱍxⱍ
15. k(x) ⴝ 2x 2 ⴚ 1 16. g(x) ⴝ x 2 ⴚ 3
For each function, identify the independent variable. Then

describe the domain and range.
17. f(x) ⴝ x ⴚ 3 18. f(x) ⴝ (x ⴙ 1)2

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Practice
14.2 Translations
Identify the parent function. State what type of transformation is
applied to the graph of each function. Then draw a carefully
labeled graph. (Hint: Remember to plot a few points to help you
see what happens to the parent function.)
3
1. y ⴝ 0.5x 2 2. y ⴝ ⴚ3ⱍxⱍ 3. yⴝx
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2
x x x
–4 –2 O 2 4 – 4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4
–2 –2 –2
–4 –4 –4
–6 –6 –6
4. y ⴝ 2x ⴚ 2 5. y ⴝ ⱍx ⴚ 1ⱍ 6. y ⴝ INT(x ⴙ 2)
y y y
6 6
4 4
2 2

x x
–4 –2 O 2 4 – 4 –2 O 2 4 x
–2 –2
–4 –4
–6 –6
Consider the parent function f (x) ⴝ 2x. Note that f (1) ⴝ 2, so the
point (1, 2) is on the graph. State how the graph of the parent
function is translated to obtain the graph of each function below.
7. f(x) ⴝ 2 x ⴚ 1 8. f(x) ⴝ 2 x ⴙ 4
9. f(x) ⴝ 2 (x ⴚ1) 10. f(x) ⴝ 2 (x ⴙ 2)
The point (2, 4) is on the graph of f (x). Find the new coordinates
of the point after each transformation has been applied to the
function.
11. vertical translation by 2 12. horizontal translation by 3
13. horizontal translation by ⴚ4 14. vertical translation by ⴚ5

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Practice
14.3 Stretches
Given the function y ⴝ 2ⱍx ⱍ,

y
1. identify the parent function.
6
2. sketch the graphs of the function and the parent 4
function on the axes at the right. 2
3. explain how the graph of the parent function was changed x
–4 –2 O 2 4
by the 2. –2
–4
–6
3
Given the function y ⴝ x ,
y
4. identify the parent function.
6
5. sketch the graphs of the function and the parent 4
function on the axes at the right.
2
6. explain how the graph of the parent function was changed x
–4 –2 O 2 4
by the 3. –2
–4
Tell whether each function is a stretch of the parent function.

x2 8 1
7. yⴝ 4 8. yⴝx 9. y ⴝ ⱍxⱍ ⴚ 2
Write an equation for each graph.

10. 11.
(–2, 6)
(1, 3)
(1, 3)
(–3, –1) ( 6, )
1
2
(– 1
2 )
, –6

Back Print
NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
14.4 Reflections
Graph each function.
ⱍxⱍ ⴚ3
1. y ⴝ ⴚ2x 2 2. yⴝⴚ 2 3. yⴝ x
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2
x x x
–4 –2 O 2 4 – 4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4
–2 –2 –2
–4 –4 –4
–6 –6 –6
State whether the following functions have graphs that are

vertical reflections of the parent function:
4. y ⴝ x2 ⴚ 1 5. y ⴝ ⴚ2ⱍxⱍ 6. y ⴝ ⴚINT(x)
1
7.y ⴝ
ⴚx ⴚ 2 8. y ⴝ ⴚx 9. yⴝxⴚ1
State whether the following functions have graphs that are

horizontal reflections of the parent function:
10. y ⴝ (ⴚx) ⴚ 1 11. y ⴝ 2ⱍⴚx ⴙ 1ⱍ 12. y ⴝ INT(x ⴚ 1)
1
13. yⴝ ⴚx ⴚ2 14. y ⴝ (ⴚx ⴚ 1)2 15. y ⴝ ⱍx ⴚ 1ⱍ
For Exercises 16–17, find f (2) and use this information to tell
which kind of reflection (horizontal or vertical) is applied to the
function y ⴝ 3x ⴙ 2.
16. f(x) ⴝ ⴚ(3x ⴙ 2) 17. f(x) ⴝ 3(ⴚx) ⴙ 2
For Exercises 18–19, find f (3) and use this information to tell
which kind of reflection (horizontal or vertical) is applied to the
function y ⴝ (x ⴚ 1)2.
18. f(x) ⴝ ⴚ(x ⴚ 1) 2 19. f(x) ⴝ (ⴚx ⴚ 1)2

Back Print
NAME CLASS DATE
Practice
14.5 Combining Transformations
Sketch the graph of each function.
1. f(x) ⴝ INT(x ⴚ 2) 2. g(x) ⴝ ⴚx ⴙ 1 3. h(x) ⴝ ⱍx ⴚ 4ⱍ
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2
x x x
– 4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4
–2 –2 –2
–4 –4 –4
–6 –6 –6
1
4. p(x) ⴝ 2 x ⴚ 1 5. k(x) ⴝ (x ⴚ 2)2 6. h(x) ⴝ x ⴚ 1
y y y
6 6 6
4 4 4
2 2 2
x x O x
– 4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 O 2 4 –4 –2 2 4
–2 –2 –2
–4 –4 –4
–6 –6 –6
Explain what happens to the point (4, 8) on the graph of y ⴝ 2x

when the transformations are applied in the order given.
(Hint: If you are not sure, draw a sketch.)
7. a vertical stretch of 2, followed by a vertical translation of 2
8. a vertical translation of 2, followed by a vertical stretch of 2
9. a horizontal translation of 5, followed by a vertical stretch of 3
10. a vertical stretch of 3, followed by a horizontal translation of ⴚ5

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Back Print

1. Click a bookmark on the left.

To print a part of the book

1. Click the Print button.

2. When the Print window opens, type in a range of

The page numbers are displayed in the bar at the

Solve each problem.

18. Complete the table.

19. Complete the table.

20. There are 6 players in a backgammon tournament. If each player

Algebra 1 Practice Workbook 1

Use guess-and-check to solve the following equations:

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

For Exercises 12–15, write an equation and solve by guess-and-check.

2 Practice Workbook Algebra 1

Evaluate each expression.

Place inclusion symbols to make each equation true.

Given a ⴝ 3, b ⴝ 6, and c ⴝ 5, evaluate each expression.

23. aⴢbⴙaⴢc 24. bⴜaⴙaⴢc

Algebra 1 Practice Workbook 3

11. y ⴝ 5x ⴚ 7 12. y ⴝ ⴚ4x ⴙ 2

4 Practice Workbook Algebra 1

Algebra 1 Practice Workbook 5

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Water temperature (°F) 37 45 55 60

4. Use the grid at the right to make a scatter plot

6 Practice Workbook Algebra 1

Find the opposite of each number.

Find the absolute value of each number.

Simplify each expression.

45. ⱍⴚ3ⱍ ⴙ ⱍ3ⱍ 46. ⴚ5 ⱍⱍ

Algebra 1 Practice Workbook 7

Find each sum.

ⴚ3 ⴙ (ⴚ1) ⴙ (ⴚ2) 4 ⴙ (ⴚ7) ⴙ (ⴚ4)

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

28. ⴚ54 ⴙ 63 ⴙ (ⴚ20) 29. ⴚ78 ⴙ (ⴚ78) ⴙ 50

Substitute 4 for a, ⴚ6 for b, and 3 for c. Evaluate each expression.

8 Practice Workbook Algebra 1

Evaluate each expression.

Substitute 4 for x, ⴚ4 for y, and ⴚ12 for z. Evaluate each

Algebra 1 Practice Workbook 9

Tell whether each statement is true or false.

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Stephanie opened a savings account with a $35 deposit. She

10 Practice Workbook Algebra 1

5. (828 ⴙ 386) ⴙ 412 6. 2 ⴢ (137 ⴢ 5)

Name the property illustrated. Be specific.

Algebra 1 Practice Workbook 11

5. 9(b ⴙ 11) 6. 18h ⴙ 63

9. a(b ⴙ w) 10. ⴚ25q ⴚ 35

Give the opposite of each expression.

13. 4a ⴚ 4b 14. ⴚ4x ⴙ 3y

15. ⴚ7a ⴚ 6b ⴚ 4c 16. m ⴚ 8n ⴚ 4p

17. ⴚ6x ⴙ (2a ⴙ 5) 18. 9b ⴚ (3 ⴚ 6z)

19. (c ⴙ d) ⴙ y 20. 5a ⴙ (3c ⴙ 4)

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

23. 6r ⴚ 3r 24. ⴚ2d ⴙ 5d

25. 5a ⴚ (3a ⴙ 1) 26. mp ⴙ 3mp

27. (3a ⴙ 2b) ⴙ (ⴚ3a ⴙ b) 28. (6p ⴚ 3q) ⴚ (ⴚ6p)

29. (6 ⴚ 2c) ⴚ (2c ⴙ 2) 30. 10 ⴙ r ⴚ 10

31. (4q ⴙ 2) ⴚ (2q ⴚ 3) 32. x ⴙ y ⴚ (3t ⴙ y)

36. (3x ⴚ 5y) ⴚ (2x ⴚ 3y ⴚ z) ⴙ (y ⴚ z)

12 Practice Workbook Algebra 1