Research Methodology

Jayant Karandikar
Ex. Director,
OMKAR CONSULTECH,
PUNE
Research
Characteristics of Research
Controlled
Rigorous
Systematic
Valid & Verifiable
Empirical
Critical
What is it?
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Application of research study
Pure
Applied
Objectives in undertaking the research
Descriptive
Correlational
Explanatory
Exploratory
Inquiry mode employed
Structured approach
Unstructured approach
Types of Research
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1. Formulating the Research Problem
2. Literature Review
3. Developing the objectives
4. Preparing the Research Design including Sample
Design
5. Collecting the Data
6. Analysis of Data
7. Generalization and Interpretation
8. Preparation of the Report or Presentation of
Results-Formal write ups of conclusions
reached.
Steps in Research Process:
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Crucial Step
Source of research problem:
People
Problems
Programs
Phenomenon
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1. Formulating the research
problem
Interest
Magnitude
Measurement of Concept
Level of Expertise
Relevance
Availability of Data
Ethical Issues
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1 a. Considerations in selecting a
research problem:
Identify a broad field or subject area of interest
to you.
Dissect the broad area into sub areas.
Select what is of most interest to you.
Raise research questions.
Formulate objectives.
Assess your objectives.
Double check.
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1 b. Steps in formulation of a
research problem
Bring clarity and focus to your research problem;
Improve your methodology;
Broaden your knowledge;
Contextualize your findings.
Procedure
Search for existing literature in your area of study;
Review the literature selected;
Develop a theoretical framework;
Develop a conceptual framework.
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2. Literature Review:
Sources:
Books,
Journals
What do you do with reading?
Review the literature selected,
Develop a theoretical framework,
Writing up the literature reviewed,
Preparing a bibliography.
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2. Reviewing the literature.
Clear
Complete
Specific
Identify main variables to be correlated
Identify the direction of relationship
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3. Developing the objectives
Research design is the conceptual structure
within which research would be conducted. It
involves consideration of following:
Objectives of the research study.
Method of Data Collection to be adopted
Source of informationSample Design
Tool for Data collection
Data Analysis-- qualitative and quantitative
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3 a. Preparing the Research Design
including Sample Design
Primary Data: Data collected for the first time:
Secondary data: Data was collected once, but
now it is being collected with different
purpose, people and with better tools.
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4. Collecting the Data
Methods:
Observation
Survey
Contact
Mail
Phone
Interview
Experimental
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4. Collecting the Data
Critical step: proper analysis shall decide
success or failure,
Statistical tools used: from simple enumeration
to complex Cause-Effect Analysis
Use of tool decided by the data collected,
Now extensive use of computer
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5. Analysis of Data
Original hypothesis reviewed after trial
analysis. Based on findings analysis completed.
The analysis is initially restricted to data
collected.
This analysis is generalized using logical or
mathematical model.
Generalization helps to interpret solution to
original problem correctly
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Generalization and Interpretation
Thesis is presentation of problem and its solution
in an elegant manner.
A standard format has evolved
Title page
Summary
Index page
Eight sections as seen above are then presented.
Acknowledgement
No of pages is restricted to no more than 70 to
80
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Thesis writing
THANK YOU