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ONLINE ASSIGNMENT







CORRELATION

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ASSIGNMENT



TOPIC : CORRELATION




SUBMITTED TO : GEETHA JOSE SUBMITTED BY
OPTIONAL : NATURAL SCIENCE RESHMI V
REG NO : 13373011

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INDEX
SL NO CONTENT PAGE NO
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 CORRELATION 5-13
3 CONCLUSION 14
4 REFERTENCE 15


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INTRODUCTION
Science cannot be taught in isolation. For an effective learning fulladvantage
must be taken on the various correlations and application of the science.
Correlation means the relationship between different subjects of the curriculum. It
can be direct or reciprocal . The development of the mind can achieved when the
person has got the ability to solve difficulties or practical problems. To solve a practical
difficulty combined knowledge of physics and other branches of knowledge is
necessary. The child must know the importance between the different branches of
knowledge. To make him know the interrelationship science must be taught in schools
in relation to other subjects. Then only instructions in schools can be made efficient in
solving practical problems to be faced in life situations.
Physical science must be taught in correlation with other subjects where it may be
found its roots or branches. Division of knowledge into several subjects is only a matter
of convenience. Pupil should not feel that various school subject may remain in water
tight compartments. They should be made to realize how the different subjects in school
curriculum are mutually supplementary.

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Correlation is of three kinds
Correlation with the subject
Correlation with other subjects
Correlation with life and environment

Correlation of science with other subjects can be of two types
Incidental correlation
Systematic correlation
Distinction between Incidental correlation and Systematic correlation
Incidental correlation Systematic correlation
1. It correlates the subject matter
and makes use of casually while
teaching a unit
1. Systematic correlation in
curriculum development is well
planned and organized effort of a
group of teachers
2. It may go unnoticed by some
student who are inattentive
2. It is noticed by the student
3. If incidental correlation is not 3. The relation is made clear to the
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made with stress the students may
feel confused as to while the
teacher is talking of a topic in the
History in physics/ Chemistry
class
student
4. Transfer of learning achieved is
not satisfactory
4. Maximum transfer of learning is
achieved
5. It doesnt prevent repetition and
the student tends to feel bored
5. It avoids repetition
6. It is in the usual classroom 6. It prevents wastage of energy and
time in the class room
7. Work of teachers remains
individualized
7. Co-operation between teachers is
developed

INCIDENTAL CORRELATION
It is correlation. Correlation is secured by co-ordinating each topic with allied
materials from other subjects this would mean a broad treatment of the subject that
brings about points of similarities between science and other related subjects. The
success of incidental correlation depends on
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(i) Wide knowledge
SYSTEMATIC CORRELATION
Systematic correlation
With others subjects is achieved by a careful organization of the curriculum in
different subjects avoids unnecessary duplication of the subject matter and at the same
time developing related topics from different subjects. The syllabus in science must be
so arranged with those of other subjects that when the knowledge of a subjects like
biology. It should not be necessary for the Biology teacher to break that community of
his subject and teach those scientific principles to be taught by the physical science
teacher so also the science teacher should be enable to makes use of the pupils
knowledge gained from other subjects in the continuous development of his own
subject.
Correlation of science within the subject or correlation of physical science with
the subject or correlation of science subjects with one another
All the branches of science are interdependent upon each other and there are
number of facts and principles which are common to various science subjects. As a
result of this new subjects, like physical chemistry, Bio physics, Bio Chemistry, Soil
chemistry, Electro chemistry, Geo physics, have been introduced subjects like atom heat
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or chemical reaction, electrolysis are of equal importance to a physicist and chemist.
Physics provides instruments for the study of almost all other subjects, thus correlating
many principles of physics with other science subjects. Chemistry finds its application
in various subjects like physics( theory of electro chemical cells), biology ( Chemical
maturing, air and water) hygiene and physiology ()air , water, chemistry of foods,
chemistry of blood, and purification of water). To illustrate a few topics in hygiene that
arises from various science subjects are given below.
in various subjects like physics( theory of electro chemical cells), biology ( Chemical
maturing, air and water) hygiene and physiology ()air , water, chemistry of foods,
chemistry of blood, and purification of water). To illustrate a few topics in hygiene that
arises from various science subjects are given below.

BIOLOGY
Development, Structure and chief functions of the body breathing and correlation of the
blood


CORRELATION OF SCIENCE WITH OTHER SCHOOL SUBJECTS
Mathematics is probably the sole language of science and there for a real understanding
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of science is impossible without adequate knowledge of mathematics . Algebraic
equations, graph, geometry , calculus, simple statistics are some of the useful tools of
science.
Quantitative work in Gas laws and calculations of chemical equations should
come after proportion has been studied in mathematics (Laws of multiple
proportion)
Simple ideas of statistics is essential before dealing with genetics
Measurement of angles and drawings of triangles can be usefully coupled with
S the study of mariners compass.
CORRELATION OF SCIENCE AND BIOLOGY
The study of natural sciences such as zoology, botany, and physiology owe to physics
and chemistry to explain some common phenomena.
Eg:-
Respiration in plants , photosynthesis are explained by chemistry
Absorption and evaporation of water, assimilation of food taken from the soil and
atmosphere are explained by physics and chemistry.
Movements of joints and actions of the various parts of the human body are explained
by physics in working of levers . Thus physiology and mechanics of
Physics and can be correlated

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CORRELATION OF SCIENCE AND LANGUAGE
The pupils of science often have to write essays on scientific topics on inventions and
life history of scientists and notes on their laboratory experiments. They could be
encouraged to write in distinct, lucid language. Science and language teachers have
equal responsibilities in developing clear and accurate expression . After a field trip or
visit to a place of scientific interest,pupils should be asked to write essays and reports of
their experience. Passages Bom original and historical scientific worlgs may be given
for translation. Science books on natural history and biography are valuable contribution
to literature and provide excellent reading material.

CORRELATION OF SCIENCE AND GEOGRAPHY
Physical geography is based on scientific principles so it can be correlated with physical
sciences. Facts of climates and seasons depend on the elementary notions of scientific
Principles.
Eg:-
Instruments like Barometer , Seismograph, max-min Thermometer , rain guage,
sundial, magnetic needle etc used by geographer are common to science also
The study of Sea-bed , sea erosion , fisheries transport etc can be correlated easily
with science. Lessons on tides , prevailing winds, snow and ice , skin of animals,
Minerals and ores are nothing but scientific.
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Principle of` evaporation, condensation, convection, crystallization have their
practical applications in geography.

CORRELATION OF SCIENCE AND HISTORY

It is useful to mention events in the world history which coincide with important
scientific discoveries . Certain important discoveries and inventions took place in the
reign of certain famous kings who patronized the scientists.
Eg:-
Archimedes and the king of Syracuse . Archimedes found a solution to a problem ,
when the king asked him to examine the purity of his crown . Archimedes got the royal
patronage in his search for scientific truth.
Similarly Aristotle , Newton and many other scientist received royal patronage on the
other hand, Galileo had face quite the opposite situation . Germany gained scientific
leadership in the early decades of this century and her monopoly of the Manufacture of
many scientific instruments paved the way for World War I
Correlation with science and History is very prominent in topics like the story of moon
, story of earth, story of man and story of planets ; it is useful to mention events in the
world history which coincide with the important discoveries and inventions.

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CORRELATION OF SCIENCE AND EARTH SCIENCE {GEOLOGY}
Points common for both are mentioned below
Different type rocks , minerals contained in it
Weathering metallurgy
Meteorology Scientific study of the exact measurement of weather
Water and Petroleum analysis

CORRELATION OF SCIENCE AND DRAWING
Science offers a vast scope for activities connected with art and craft.
Eg:-
Model making, painting, drawing, etc can be encouraged in the course of teaching
Science
Drawing of charts, diagrams and pictures related to science.

CORRELATION OF SCIENCE WITH MUSIC AND CRAFT
Eg:-
Wood work , metal work, cardboard modeling, clay work , it can be successfully made
use of in the improvisation and construction of science apparatus.
Polishing articles of wood and metal , soldering can be encouraged among the pupils.

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CORRELATION OF SCIENCE WITH LIFE AND ENVIRONMENT
Modern man lives in a scientific society. Many natural phenomena that we see in
our daily life can be explained with the help of simple scientific principles. In every
topic there can be innumerable local examples like ecosystem. Such correlation makes
the teaching of science interesting and realistic
Eg:-
While teaching a topic on water supply or power supply in the town the pupils may be
taken to the local water supply centre or the power house. The application of scientific
principles relating to water pressure and electricity production and their use for the
benefit of men, can be explained on the spot.
Photography and cinema . The teacher should refer to these while teaching principles
of image formation . Spectacles are also easily available examples to take immediate
reference to the application of scientific principles.


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CONCLUSION
Science teacher should relate the class room teaching with the social and physical
environments by quoting examples from the daily life of the child. He should take the
students to a factory or on excursion while dealing with the topic concerning these.

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REFERENCE

TEACHING OF SCIENCE
- M.S YADAV
THEORETICAL DAYS OF TEACHING AND PEDAGOGICAL ANALYSIS
- DR. MATHEW & DR. T.M MOLLIKKUTTY
TEACHING OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE
- KRISHNA GOPAL.D