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Tai

Identifying Organic Molecules Lab - Questions



1. If you were given an unknown food sample and asked to identify its contents, which test
would you use to determine the presence of each of these biomolecules?
a. Lipids: Brown paper bag test
b. Protein: Biuret Reagent test
c. Glucose: Benedict Reagent test
d. Starch: Iodine Solution test

2. You tested your unknown solution for the macromolecules mentioned above and you
recorded the following observations. A (+) indicated a color change was observed, a (-) indicates
no change in color. What could conclusions could you make about the different macromolecules
that compose the unknown solution?

The unknown solution contains lipid, and protein. But does not contain Glucose or Starch. The
unknown solution is mostly some kinds of food (most likely protein full meat) fried or cooked with
oil (lipid).

Positive Control Negative Control Unknown Solution
Lipid Test (+) (-) (+)
Protein Test (+) (+) (+)
Glucose Test (-) (-) (-)
Starch Test (+) (-) (-)

3. Jonathan and Molly performed a similar experiment except that in their lab they also tested a
slurry made from a McDonalds Happy cheeseburger meal (cheeseburger, fries & a coke). What
organic molecules would you expect to find in the slurry? What portion of the meal may have
provided each of these?

The biomolecules expected are: Starch (from the fries and buns of the burger), Protein (from the
meat of the cheeseburger), Lipids (from the old used to fry the fries and cooking the meat on the
burger), and Glucose (from the sweet coke).

4. Thinking back on the work that you did in the lab to identify organic molecules, can you identify
portions of the experiment that you felt were weaker than others? What types of errors could
have been made?
There were systematic errors that could have been made during the experiment. Since the
following the procedure was done by two people, there could have been mistakes (filling in
different amounts of solutions by accident). Also the scientific equipment used was not very
accurate, this could have altered the results. To improve this experiment, more accurate
equipment should be used. Furthermore, one person (or better yet a systematic robot) should
complete the leg work of the experiment for maximum accuracy. Other than that, there shouldnt
be anymore notable errors.


5. Were there any results that surprised you? Explain.
There werent really any test results that jumped at me. I guess I was a tad bit surprised that there
was sugar in potato, and protein in milk. I have always thought of potatoes as an example of a
food that isnt sweat, so that was slightly surprising. All my life, I thought of protein as meat; never
as a drinkable substance, so finding protein in milk surprised me a little bit. Other than that, the
test results are mostly as expected.


Results:

Sugar Test
Solution: Evidence Of Change
Milk No change
Honey Change
Egg White No change
Apple Juice Change
Potato Change
Corn oil No change
Liver No change
Deionized Water (Negative Control) No change
Glucose (Positive Control) Change

Figure 1: Sugar Test Image


Lipid Test
Solution: Evidence Of Change
Milk No change
Honey No change
Egg White No change
Apple Juice No Change
Potato No Change
Corn oil Change
Liver Change
Oil Solution (Positive Control) Change

Figure 2: Lipid Test Image


Starch Test:
Solution: Evidence Of Change
Milk No change
Honey No change
Egg White No change
Apple Juice No change
Potato Change
Corn oil No change
Liver No change
Deionized Water (Negative Control) No change
Starch Solution (Positive Control) Change

Figure 3: Starch Test Image



Protein Test:
Solution: Evidence Of Change
Milk Change
Honey No change
Egg White Change
Apple Juice No change
Potato No change
Corn oil No change
Liver No change
Water (Negative Control) No change
Gelatin (Positive Control) Change

Figure 4: Protein Test Image


Conclusion:
From the test results, we can conclude that honey, apple juice, and potatoes contain sugar.
These three solutions showed the most change (color changed to green/orange), and most
closely resemble the positive control. Also, we found that only corn oil and liver contains lipids.
These two solutions showed the most change (made the brown paper see through), and most
closely resemble the positive control. We also found that only the potato solution contains starch,
as it has the most change (color turned black), and most closely resemble the positive control.
Lastly, we found that milk and egg white contains protein. They have the most change (color
turned purplish blue), and most closely resemble the positive control.

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