1.

Complete the following Taylor expansions, for x close to 0,

(a)
1
1+x
2
= +O

x
4

(b) sin x = +O

x
4

(c) cos x = +O

x
4

(d) log (1 + x) = +O

x
4

2. Complete the following Taylor expansions, for x close to 1,

(a) e
x
= +O

(x 1)
4

(b)
1
1+x
= +O

(x 1)
4

(c) log (x) = +O

(x 1)
4

3. Complete the expansions

(a) (1 + x)
n
=
(b)
1x
n
1x
= for x = 1
(c) (a b)(a + b) = . . .
4. Are the series with the following generic term converging? Give a rigorous argument.
(a) u
n
=
1
n
2
(b) u
n
=
(1)
n
n
(c) u
n
=
1

n
(d) u
n
=
1
(1+

2)
n
(e) u
n
=
1
(1

2)
n
5. Let x
n
be the generic term of a Cauchy sequence in R.
(a) Write the denition of a Cauchy sequence.
(b) Prove that the sequence (x
n
)
n1
is bounded.
6. Let h
n
be the generic term of a sequence in R satisfying
h
n+1
h
n
=
1
2
n
.
Prove that the sequence h
n
converges.
7. Consider the function
f(x) =
3(1 + x)
3 + x
(a) Is the function continuous? Monotone? Graph the function for x 0.
(b) Compare f(x) and x.
8. Consider that the real-valued sequence a
n
a
1
= 3 a
n+1
=
3(1 + a
n
)
3 + a
n
L =

3
(a) Show that a
n
is decreasing and bounded.
(b) Show that a
n
converges to L.
9. The Euler constant C is such that
n

k=1
1
k
= log n + C +O

1
n

.
Let p and q be two xed integers, p q 1, and let
x
n
=
pn

k=qn+1
1
k
(a) Use the denition of the Euler constant to prove that lim
n+
x
n
= log

p
q

10. Let f be a real-valued function on the interval [0, 1] and consider four properties that f may
have:
f is Lipschitz continuous on [0, 1];
f is pointwise continuous on [0, 1];
f is dierentiable on [0, 1];
f is uniformly continuous on [0, 1];
(a) Dene each property.
(b) For each property, specify which other properties are implied by it. (No motivation is
required).
(c) Prove two implications of your choice listed in (b).
11. Compute the following integrals
(a)

cos(nx) cos(mx)dx for n and m integers;

(b)

sin(nx) cos(mx)dx for n and m integers;

(c)

sin(nx) sin(mx)dx for n and m integers;

(d)

x
2
sin(nx)dx for n integer;
(e)

x
2
cos(nx)dx for n integer;
12. Let u
m
(x) = mxe
mx
2
and consider the series
+

m=1
f
m
(x) where f
m
(x) = u
m
(x) u
m1
(x) .
When integrating the series over [0, 1], Lucien nds the answer to be 0 and Ladislas nds the
answer to be
1
2
. Explain who is right.
Exam 1 - September 30th, 2013
Detail your answers. Your arguments must be rigorous.
1. Complete the following Taylor expansions, for x close to 0,
(a) cos x = +O

x
4

(b)
1
1x
= +O

x
4

2. Are the series with the following term converging? Give a rigorous argument.
(a) u
n
=
(1)
n

n
(b) u
n
=
1

n
(c) u
n
=
1
2
n
3. Let (x
n
)
n1
be a convergent sequence in R.
(a) Prove that (x
n
)
n1
is a Cauchy sequence.
(b) Prove that the sequence (x
n
)
n1
is bounded (If you use that a Cauchy sequence is
bounded, prove it).
(c) Let (y
n
)
n1
be a convergent sequence in R with limit y. Prove that
lim
n+
|x
n
y
n
| = |x y|
4. Consider the function dened on R
f(x) = e
x
1

x
2
+
1
4
(a) Is f continuous? Explain why.
(b) What are the limits
lim
x
f(x) and lim
x+
f(x)?
(c) Graph f over [3, 3]. Explain how you proceed as rigorously as possible.
5. Consider the even continuous function f dened on [, ] so that f(0) = 0, f

= 1,
f() = 0, and f is piecewise linear.
(a) Give the expression for f on [0, ]
(b) Evaluate, for all positive integers n,

f (x) cos (nx) dx