í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 1 -†-´ç-•®Ω’ 2007 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Vatsalya: (Do) you know how to cook? 4) You should learn how to cook from my mother.
(Fèπ◊ ´çúøôç ᙫíÓ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) 5) Just observe how my mother cooks.
Anuraga: What you've just tasted is my cook- 6) Enquire any one how my mother cooks.
ing. °j sentences ™E verbs †’ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. v°æA-
(É°æ¤púø’ †’´¤y ®Ω’* îª÷ÆœçC Ø√ ´çôØË.) ü∆E ûª®√yûª èπÿú≈ how ûÓ begin ÅßË’u clause
Vatsalya: That's really marvellous. I just can't ®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ (clause = A group of words
understand how you are able to with a verb). ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ Ñ verbs ûª®√yûª how,
cook so well. what, when, where ™«çöÀ 'wh' words ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-
(î√™« Å¢Á÷°∂æ’ç. Åçûª ¶«í¬ ᙫ ´çúø- ´’ßË’u clauses ´≤ƒh®·. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰, ¢√öÀûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-
í∫-©’-í∫’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Ó Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴ôç ™‰ü¿’.) ´’ßË’u phrases Å®·Ø√ ®√´îª’a, Oô-EoöÀ •ü¿’©’,
marvellous = ´÷¢˛-©Æˇ = Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i†/ Ñ verbs ûª®√yûª noun/ ...ing form ®√´îª’a. Let's
study them more closely. wonder + how + he can do it (clause)
Å¢Á÷-°∂æ’-¢Á’i†. marvel = ´÷´™¸= Åü¿’s¥ûªç/ 5) observe = í∫´’-Eç-îªôç.
1) know: noun/ ...ing form wonder ûª®√yûª that + clause ´ÊÆh ã °æE a) The police have been observing the
Å¢Á÷°∂æ’ç. DE ûª®√yûª ´≤ƒh®·.
Anuraga: Why do you wonder how people can 'wh' words (how, when, where, what,
™‰èπ◊çõ‰ ïJ-T-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ǩ¡a®Ωuç v°æéπ-öÀç-îªôç Å´¤-ûª’çC. movements of the suspects.
cook? It isn't that difficult. All that you etc) + clause/ phrase (phrase: a group of c) I wonder that he did all this =
words without a verb) (ņ’-´÷-E-ûª’© éπü¿-L-éπ-©†’ police ©’ éÌçûª-
need is the interest and a little prac- Éü¿çû√ Åûª†’ î˨»-úøçõ‰ Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.
a) He knows English English wonder + that + he did ... (clause)
é¬-©çí¬ í∫´’-E-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’)
tice. (Åûª-EéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’)
knows (verb) + English (noun) have been observing (verb) + the move-
(á´-È®jØ√ ´çúø-í∫-©-®Ωçõ‰ Åçûª Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-û√- (äéÓ\-≤ƒJ Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ how èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a,
b) He knows swimming (Ñü¿ôç ûÁ©’Ææ’) that •ü¿’©’) ments (Noun)
¢Áç-ü¿’èπ◊? Åçûª éπ≠d¢æ Ë’ç é¬ü¿C. Å´-Ææ-®Ω-
¢Á’iç-üË-N’-ôçõ‰ Åçü¿’™ ÇÆæéÀh/ ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√- knows + swimming (...ing form) 4) learn = ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´ôç/ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç. Learn b) The medical students observed how the
©ØË éÓJé¬, éÌçûª Å©-¢√-ô÷†’.) c) He knows how to swim (ᙫ Ñü∆™ ûª®√yûª noun/ ... ing form/ wh clause ¢√úøû√ç. professor did the operation
Vatsalya: How did you learn it and who did you ûÁ©’Ææ’)knows + how + to swim (infinitive/ a) She learnt English at school. (Ç professor ᙫ operation î˨»®Ó, Ç ¢Ájü¿u
learn it from? phrase) learnt + English (noun) Nü∆u-®Ω’n©’ í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’)
(†’¢Áy™«, á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω-†’ç* ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊- d) I know where we b) She is learning to observed + how ('wh' word) + the profes-
Ø√o´¤?) can meet him. cook/ cooking from sor did the operation (clause)
know (verb) + her mother.
Anuraga: Who else from? From my mother. 6) enquire =Nî√-Jç-îªôç/ Åúø-í∫ôç (Inquire ÅE
where ('wh' word)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
You should learn how to cook from
(¢√∞¡x´’t ü¿í∫_-®Ω’oç* èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç)
mom; she is so good at cooking. + we can meet 377 ´çô/ ´çúøôç ØË®Ω’a-
a) He enquired about my brother's job =
him (clause) éÌç-öçC.)
(ÉçÈé-´J ü¿í∫_®Ω’oç*. Çߪ’† ´÷ brother
´÷ Å´’t ü¿í∫_-

Do you know how to cook?

ÖüÓu-í¬Eo í∫’Jç*
®Ω’oçîË. ´çúøôç ÅúÕ-í¬úø’.
´÷ Å´’t ü¿í∫_Í® enquired + about
ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√L. ÇN- (ÉC ¢√ú≈-LqçüË) + job
úøçûª ¶«í¬ ´çúø’-
(Noun)
ûª’çC.) is learning + to cook (infinitive) +
Vatsalya: You don't suggest that I go now to Important: Know ûª®√yûª ¢ÁçôØË b) He enquired when the train would come
infinitive cooking (...ing form) Train
your mom hundreds of kilometres ´ÊÆh, äéπ®Ω’ îËߪ÷-Lq† °æE á°æ¤p-úÌ-Ææ’hç-ü¿E Åûª†’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’/ Nî√-Jç-
c) Subhadra has learnt how to oper-
away just to learn how to cook! ¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC, Ç î√úø’.
ate a computer =
(´çü¿© éÀ™-O’-ô®Ωx ü¿÷®Ωç™ Ö†o O’ Å´’t °æE ᙫ îËߪ÷™ ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈. enquired + when ('wh' word) + the train
a) He knows how to do it = Computer
would come (clause)
ü¿í∫_-®Ω-ÈéRx ´çô ØË®Ω’a-éÓ-´’-†ôç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆!) ᙫ ¢√ú≈™ Ææ’¶µºvü¿
Anuraga: Yea. That's what I suggest exactly. Åûª-E-éπC ᙫ îËߪ÷™ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çC. c) He enquired whether the train would be
(knows + how + to do) has learnt + how + to operate
During the next vacation, do come M.SURESAN late =
b) He knows to do it = (infinitive)
down to our place, spend a few days Train
d) Sukumar is learning how he can live on a Ç©Ææu-´’´¤-ûª’çü∆ ÅE ÅúÕ-í¬-úø-ûª†’.
there and learn cooking.
enquired (verb) + whether + the train
Åûª-E-éπC îËߪ÷-©E ûÁ©’Ææ’. small budget =
would be late (clause)
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÅüË îÁ°æ¤hØ√o. ´îËa ÂÆ©´¤™x ´÷ ûËú≈ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? Å™«Íí– *†o/ ûªèπ◊\´ Çü∆-ߪ’çûÓ á™« •ûª-鬙
ÜJéÀ ®√. éÌEo ®ÓV-©’çúø’. ´çô ØË®Ω’aéÓ.) She knows how to cook =
Ææ’èπ◊-´÷®˝ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. °j verbs ™ enquire ûª°æp, N’í∫û√ ÅEo
Vatsalya: (Do) you want me to wait till then?
(Budget = •>ö¸/ •ïö¸ = Ö†o úø•’sûÓ verbs ûª®√yûª 'that' ûÓ begin ÅßË’u clauses
´çô ᙫ îËߪ÷™ Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’.
(Å°æp-öÀ-ü∆é¬ wait îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«¢√?) (knows + how + infinitive) ᙫ ÆæJ-°-ô’d-éÓ-¢√L/ úø•’s ᙫ ê®Ω’a °ö«dL ¢√úÌa.
Anuraga: Yes. Just observe how my mother She knows to cook = ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç.)
cooks, and you've learnt cooking. Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ûª†’ ´çô îËߪ÷-©E ûÁ©’Ææ’. is learning (verb) + how ('wh' word) + he
(Å´¤†’. ´÷ Å´’t ´çúøôç ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ knows + to cook (infinitive) can live ... (clause)
í∫´’-Eç. Fèπ◊ ´çô ´îËa-Æœ-†õ‰x.) 2) understand (Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç/ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´ôç/
v°æ¨¡o: 1. aisle
Vatsalya: Is that so? (Å´¤Ø√?) Å®Ωn-´’-´ôç) 3) Arsehole/
2. debut 3. arsehole
Anuraga: Enquire any of my relatives in our a) Kapil understands English Asshole
place how my mother cooks. You will 4. peninsula –
[Kapil English (American) -
èπ◊ Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûª’çC. OöÀE ᙫ °æ©-é¬L? ÉC
know.
understands + English (noun)]
Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. •÷ûª’-°æü¿ç– DE
(´÷ ö«d™ x á´-J-ØÁjØ√ Nî√-Jç b) Kapil understands how to do it = 5. Has the cat has got your tongue? Å®Ωnç Ééπ\úø N´-Jç-îª-™‰-ç. Pronunciation - -
6. Some arsehole had parked. So I ÇÆˇ£æ«Ù-™¸. [English Å®Ωnç - Anus] Aôd-ö«-EéÀ
(Åúø’í∫’), ´÷ Å´’t ᙫ ´çúø’-ûª’çüÓ, ÅC ᙫ îËߪ÷™ kapil èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’/ Å®Ωnç
Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC.) Å´¤-ûª’çC couldn't get out. ¢√-úø-û√®Ω’, ´‚®Ω’^-ú≈ -Å-ØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
Vatsalya: What are you talking? Don't I know
understands + how ('Wh' word) + to do 4) Peninsula- °æ-E-Ø˛-Ææu©/ °æE-†q©– 'E— ØÌéÀ\
how she cooks? Your cooking itself Ñ ¢√é¬u© Å®√n©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
(infinitive)
is good, so hers must be certainly °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç– ´‚úø’-¢Ë-°æ¤© F∞¡Ÿx, ´·êuçí¬
-ï-¢√-•’:
– Ø√T-È®úÕf XE-¢√-Ææ’©’È®úÕf, éπ©’-¢√®·
c) Dravid understands why he has been
better. Need I enquire how she Ææ´·vü¿ç ´’üµ¿u Ö†o- ¶µº÷-¶µ«í∫ç– ¶µ«®Ω-ûª-ü˨¡ç,
dropped = ã peninsula - ÅÍ®-Gߪ÷ Ææ´·vü¿ç, £œ«çü¿÷
cooks?
ûª†-ØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´C-™‰-¨»®Ó vü∆N-ú˛èπ◊ Å®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûÓçC: 1) Aisle = ♸ – ÆœE-´÷-£æ…™¸q™, class rooms
(†’¢Ëyç ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤? Ç¢Á’™« ´’£æ…-Ææ-´·vü¿ç, •çí¬-∞«-ë«ûªç ´’üµ¿u ¶µº÷¶µ«í∫ç,
understands + why (wh word) + he has busses/ planes ™, seats ´®Ω-Ææ© ´’üµ¿u India. So India is a peninsula.
´çúø’-ûª’çüÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü∆? F ´çõ‰ ™,
been dropped (clause) ÖçúË-ü∆J. (bus -©-™èπÿú≈ W (window) seat,
î√™« ¶«í∫’çC 鬕öÀd ÇN-úøC Éçé¬ 5) Has the cat got your tongue? / Lost your
understand ûª®√yûª ¢ÁçôØË infinitive ¢√úøç. A (Aisle) seat ÅE Öçô’çC éπü∆. Aisle seat
¶«í∫’ç-ú≈L. ü∆EéÀ Åçü¿JF Åúø-í¬™«?) tongue? =
3) wonder = 1) Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-´ôç 2) ÅE-Pa-ûªçí¬ Ö†o seats
Anuraga: Take a joke, girly. (àüÓ joke î˨»ØËx.)
Åçõ‰ ´’üµ¿u ÖçúË -ü∆-J- ¢Ë-°æ¤-C)
2) Debut – úÁß˝’•÷u/ úÁ•÷u = †®Ωh-èπ◊©, †ô’©
àçöÀ ´÷ö«x-úø-ôç ™‰ü¿’?/ †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷ö«x-
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
N≠æߪ’ç í∫’Jç* Ç™-*ç-îªôç.
a) I wonder at Sachin's batting talent = v°æ-ü∑¿´’ ®Ωçí∫ -v°æ-ü¿-®Ωz†. (First appearance on -úø-ôç ™‰ü¿’?/ ØÓÍ®-´’Ø√o ´‚í∫-¶-®·çü∆?
Look at the following sentences from the 6) á´úÓ ´‚®Ω’^úø’ (arsehole) Åúøfçí¬ ûª† car
batting the stage of a dancer/ actor, etc.) É°æ¤púø’
conversation above.
Ææ*Ø˛ v°æA¶µº Ø√é¬-¨¡a®Ωuç éπL-T-Ææ’hçC.
1) Do you know how to cook? wonder + at (about) + ... talent (Noun) Ñ ´÷ô†’ Éûª-®Ω- ®Ωç-í¬-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈- ¢√-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’. -†’ park î˨»úø’. Åçü¿’-´©x ؈’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊
2) I just can't understand how you are able to b) I wonder how he can do it = Tendulkar made his test debut in 1989
®√™‰-éπ-§Úߪ÷.
cook so well. Åûª-ØÁ™« îËߪ’-í∫-©-úø¶«s ÅE ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o test match
(Çߪ’† 1989-™ ¢Á·ü¿öÀ≤ƒJí¬ Çú≈úø’)
3) Why do you wonder how people can cook? (îËߪ’-í∫-©ú≈ ÅØË ÆæçüË£æ«ç)
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm