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FACTS

Flexible AC Transmission System (Facts) is a new integrated


concept based on power electronic switching converters and
dynamic controllers to enhance the system utilization and power
transfer capacity as well as the stability security reliability and
power !uality of AC system interconnections"
OPPORTUNITIES
Control power so that it flows on the desired routes"
#ncrease loading capacity of transmission lines"
$revent blac%outs"
#mprove generation productivity"
&ffective use of upgrading' uprating"
UPFC
The ($FC scheme consists of two basic switching power converter namely
shunt and series converters connected to each other through a dc lin% capacitor"
The shunt converter operates exactly as STATC)* for reactive power
compensation and voltage stabilization"
The series converter operates as SSSC to control the real power flow
F#+(,&- FACTS ($FC C).T,)//&, SC0&*&
STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES COMPENSATOR
#t is a static synchronous generator operated without an external energy source
as a series compensator"
The o'p voltage is in !uadrature with and controllable independently of the line
current"
#t is increase or decrease the overall reactive voltage drop across the line and
thereby controlling the transmitted electric power"
Fig" 1 Single line diagram representing the series SSSC scheme interfacedat sending end of the
Transmission line (2us 23)
The main function of the SSSC is to regulate the T/ power flow $/" This can be
accomplished by either direct control of the line current or indirect control by
compensating for the T/ impedance 4s via a compensating in5ected voltage 6s"
4ref 7 .egative 6s lags #/ by 89: plus (Capacitive
Compensation)
4ref 7 $ositive 6s /eads #/ by 89: plus (#nductive
Compensation)
STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR (STATCOM)
#t is a static synchronous generator as shunt static var compensator whose
capacitive or inductive current can be controlled independent of the system
voltage"
The STATC)* scheme in parallel with AC power grid system and is controlled
by a dynamic controller as shown in Fig"3"
Fig"3 Sample three;2us study test system with the STATC)* located
at bus 2< to stabilize the AC system
The new control system is based on a decoupled control strategy using both
direct and !uadrature current components of the STATC)* AC current"
The operation of the STATC)* scheme is 6alidated in both the capacitive and
inductive modes of operation"
Proposed STATCOM Decoupled Control System
Capabilities Of FACTS CONTROLLERS
Controller Controller Voltage Voltage
Control Control
Transient Transient
stability stability
Damping Damping
Power Power
Oscillations Oscillations
Reactive Power Reactive Power
Compensation Compensation
Power Power
Flow Flow
Control Control
SSR SSR
Mitigation Mitigation
STATCOM X X X X
SSSC X X X X X X
UPFC X X X X X X

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