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ONLI NE ASSI GNMENT

CURRI CULAM PRI CI PLES

Submittedfrom Submittedto
AnupamaNathV. DivyaTeacher
NaturalScience NaturalScience
RollNo.49,MCTE MCTE

Date

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I N D E X

Sl.No. CONTENT PAGENO.
1. INTRODUCTION 34
2. CONTENT 57
3. CONCLUSION 8
4. REFERENCE 9

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INTRODUCTION

We have seen that science is taught to pupils as it would help to

realize certain Values and aims by which they could become better individuals.
But goals cannot be reached through a vaccum. We require some appropriate
medium through which the anticipated charges could be brought about. The
science curriculam is the medium required fro the purpose. Every science
teacher has to get a clear and thorough knowledge about the importance,
meaning, scope and nature of a good science curriculam together with the
principles for its development and transaction. Curriculam is the cruse of the
whole educational process. Without curriculam we cannot conceive any
educational endeavour. School curriculam oif a country like its constitution
reflectstheethosofthatcountry.
The tem curriculam is derived from the latin word currere which
means path. In this sense curriculam is the paththrough which the student has
to go forward in order to reach the goal envisaged by education. Usually the
term curriculam is understood as a group of subjects prescribed for study in a
particular course. Curriculam has been defined by different persons in different
ways.
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Curriculam embodies all the experiences which are utilized by the

schooltoattaintheaimsofeducationMunroe.Curriculamisthetoolinthe
handsofanartist(teacher)tomouldhismaterials(pupils)accordingtohisideals
(objectives)inhisstudio(school)ArtheirCunningham

PRINCIPLESOFCURRICULAMDEVELOPMENT
Educationalisthavelaiddowncertaingeneralprinciplesfordevelopingcurriculum.
Someofthethesebasicprinciplesareindicatedbelow
1. Theprinciplesofchildcenteredness
Curriculum should be child centered. It must be based on the present
needs, requirements and circumstances of the child. The child needs more
experience than instruction. If we wish our pupils to reveal initiative, co
operationandsocialresponsibility,weshoulddevelopthesequalitiesinthemby
means of meaningful activities appropriate to their stage of psychological
development. True education can be acquired only through activity and
experience. Curriculum meant for any particular stage, therefore, should be
framed in accordance with the childs development characteristics as well as its
capabilitiesandneedsatthestage.

2. TheprincipleofCommunity
Centeredness:Besidestreatingeachchildasanindividual,weshouldalso
view him as a member of the community to which he belongs. In fact, the
learner is going to be an active member of the community, as a citizen. It is,
therefore, quite desirable that his needs and desires must harmonies with the
needs and desires of those amongst whom he has to live. The child cannot be
educatedinavacuum.Heistobeeducatedinaschoolestablishestablishedby
the society and be interacting with other members of the society. The goals
formulated by the school which depend upon the purpose of the society
determinethenatureofthecurriculum.Butthesocietyisnotstatic.Itis

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dynamicandcontinuouslychanging.Livinginthiseverchangingmodernworldis
not as simple as it used to be in the past. Any curriculum has to prepare the
learnerstofacethischangeposedbythecommunitywithefficiency.

3. ThePrincipleofActivity
Centredness : Actionis the sign of life. Man is an active being. Therefore, the
curriculum should provide for a variety of activities both physical and mental in
which children are naturally interested. The activity must be reconnected with
the childs desires and need as well as societal and educational requirements.
Emphasis should be given to learning by doing through the activities of hand,
head and heard. These may be in the form of play activities at the preprimary
stage, project activities at the primary stage and constructive and creative
activitiesatthesecondarystage.Atthesametime,ithastoberememberedthat
physicalactivitiesshouldleadtomentalreflections.

4. Theprinciplesofintegration:
Byintegrationwedonotmerelymeanintegrationofsubjects.Whatisrequired
is the integration of the childs needs on the one had and the needs of the
democratic society on the other. In other words, integration warrants that
activities carried on in a school and the experiences thus gained should not be
treatedinwatertightcompartments.Instead,theseshouldbesodesignedasto
lead the child to establish a functional unity with the environment. Such a
curriculumwillsafeguardthegeneralliberalandvocationalaspectsofeducation.

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5. Forwardlookingprinciples:
The aim of education is to prepare the child for an effective adult
life.Therefore,thecurriculumshouldreflectaninsightintothefuturelifeofthe
child. It should enable the child to prepare for a worthy life. It should prepare
himforavocation.Itshouldequiphimwiththecalibertomeetthechallengesof
lifeinfuture.

6. ConservativePrinciples:
The curriculum should preserve and transmit the traditions and
culture of human race. It should embrace such subjects, topics or activities by
whichstudentsshouldcultivateasenseofrespectfortheirtraditionsandculture.
Selection of such items should, however, be made with great care, according to
thementaldevelopmentofchildren.

7. RenewalPrinciple:
While conserving the transmitting the cultural heritage, education
shouldcatertorenewaloftheculturetosuittherequirementsofchangingtimes.
Hencecurriculumshouldbesoconstructedastofacilitaterenewalofthesociety
byinfusingdynamisminallaspects.

8. Creativeprinciple:
Godhascreatedtheuniverseandmenhavecreatedotherthingsin
it.Bynature,maniscreative.Therefore,educationshouldbesomouldedasto
enable one develop ones creativity. The curriculum should consist such items
that would enable children to exercise their creative powers so that creativity is
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fostered, which in turn will enable them to modify their environment according
totheneedsoftime.

9. Motivationprinciple:
Thecurriculumshouldbetailoredtosuittheneedsandinterestsof
thepupils.Itmustbegoaldirected.Itshouldthusmotivatethepupilstoactively
participate in the learning process with an innate desire arising out of intrinsic
motivation.

10. MaturityPrinciple:
The curriculum should be suited to the mental and physical
maturityofthepupil

11. Theprincipleofpreparationforlife:
The school curriculum should include such elements that would
prepare children for their future life. That is they should be able to earn their
livelihoodsufficientlyandadjustthemselveswiththesocietyefficiently.Itshould
equipthechildwiththecalibertomeetthechallengesoflife.

12. ThePrincipleofelasticityandflexibility:
Sincetheneedsoftheindividualandthesocietygoonchanging,a
rigid and static curriculum cannot meet the requirements of the child or of the
society.Moreover,experiencestobepresentedhavetobemodifiedtosuitthe
environment, societal conditions, learning atmosphere etc. Also, pupils differ in
intelligence,tastesandskillstoo.Thecurriculumbyitselasticitycancatertoall
suchrequirementsposedbyenvironmentalandindividualdifferences.

13. ThePrincipleofcomprehensiveness:
The curriculum must be comprehensive enough to confirm to the
needsofvariousindividualsorcommunities.Itmustbebroadbasedtoincludea
wide variety of subjects suited to the needs of various types of pupils and the
society with all its diversities. Comprehensives has to be reflected also in its
potentialtocatertothecomprehensiveortotaldevelopmentofanindividual.

14. ThePrincipleofBalance:
Curriculum should maintain proper balance between direct and
indirect experiences, liberal and professional education, individual and social
aims,compulsoryandoptionalsubjectsetc.

15. ThePrincipleofutility:
Curriculumshouldbeofpracticalusetothepupilandhenceshould
maintain vocation and technical bias. Due emphases should be given to work
experience.

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CONCLUSION
The term curriculum is understood as a group of subjects perescribed for
study in a particular course. Curriculum should be considered as a broad based term
encompassing every aspect concerning a course of study. Curriculum for a course of
studymaybeconceivedasthetotalityofexperiencesapupilisexplodedtowithinthe
boundaries of the school and outside, while undergoing that course with a view to
achieve the anticipated educational goals. Curriculum is the means of achieving the
goals of education. It includes all those experiences activities and environmental
influenceswhichthestudentreceivesduringhiseducationcareerforarealizationofa
varietyofanticipatedgoals.

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REFERENCES
1. ScienceEducation :Dr.K.Sivarajan
2. Wikipedia
3. Classroomteaching :A.K.Nayak&V.K.Rao
4. Sciencecurriculam:MarlowEdiger;D.BhaskaraRao