Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 8

parthi ca

INCONTRI DI CULTURE NEL MONDO ANTICO


13 2011
PI SA ROMA
FABRI ZI O SERRA EDI TORE
MMXI
offpri nt
Direttore / Editor in chief
Antonio Invernizzi
*
Comitato scientifco / Scientifc Committee
Michael Alram, Wien Paul Bernard, Paris A. D. H. Bivar, London
Edward Dabrowa, Krakw Hideo Fujii, Tokyo Bernard Goldman, Michigan
Ernie Haerinck, Gent Dietrich Huff, Berlin Gennadij A. Koelenko, Moskva
Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg, Utrecht A. Schmidt-Colinet, Wien
Katsumi Tanabe, Tokyo
*
Redazione scientifca / Editorial Assistants
Carlo Lippolis Niccol Manassero Vito Messina
Si prega di inviare manoscritti, dattiloscritti e stampati e la posta redazionale al seguente indirizzo:
dott. Carlo Lippolis, Dipartimento di Scienze Antropologiche, Archeologiche e Storico-Territoriali,
Via Giolitti 21/e, i 10123 Torino.
I testi originali di contributi e/o recensioni sottoposti allattenzione della redazione scientifca
non saranno restituiti.
Contributors are kindly requested to send manuscripts, typescripts, print-outs and correspondence to the
following address: dr. Carlo Lippolis, Dipartimento di Scienze Antropologiche, Archeologiche
e Storico-Territoriali, Via Giolitti 21/e, i 10123 Turin, Italy.
Please note that materials submitted for potential publication and/or critical review will not be returned.
*
Parthica is an International Peer Reviewed Journal.
The eContent is Archived with Clockss and Portico.
*
Per la migliore riuscita delle pubblicazioni, si invitano gli autori ad attenersi, nel predisporre i materiali
da consegnare alla redazione ed alla casa editrice, alle norme specifcate nel volume Fabrizio Serra,
Regole editoriali, tipografche & redazionali, Pisa-Roma, Serra2, 2009.
(ordini a: fse
@
libraweb.net).
Il capitolo Norme redazionali, estratto dalle Regole, cit., consultabile Online
alla pagina Pubblicare con noi di www.libraweb.net.
*
Registrazione presso il Tribunale di Pisa n. 12 del 21 luglio 1999.
Direttore responsabile: Fabrizio Serra.
AN ARAMAI C I NSCRI PTI ON I N THE
@ONG- E YAR- >ALI WAND ROCK RELI EF ( ELYMAI S)
Marco Mori ggi
n 2009 the Iranian-Italian Joint Expedition in Khuzistan (Iran) worked in the sites of @ong-e Adar,
@ong-e Kamalwand and @ong-e Yar->Aliwand, carrying on the research activities begun in the
1st campaign (2008).1 The principal aims of the expedition were to obtain laser scannings of the
rock-sculptures of @ong-e Adar, @ong-e Kamalwand and @ong-e Yar->Aliwand, to realize a topo-
graphic survey of the valley of @ong-e Adar and to dig some stratigraphic soundings in the area
of @ong-e Adar.2
The rock-sculptures of @ong-e Adar, @ong-e Kamalwand and @ong-e Yar->Aliwand were com-
pletely scanned with an high precision (model hz) laser scanner and the data were subsequently
elaborated (approximation c. 0,2 mm). The combination of the data obtained with the laser scan-
ning and the pictures taken with the digital photogrammetric camera (model Kodak dcs Pro 14m)
led to the creation of digital orthophotographs.3
When analyzing the pictures of the @ong-e Yar->Aliwand rock-sculpture, it became clear to re-
searchers that some tiny traces of letters appeared in the upper part of the sculptured surface, be-
tween the heads of the two fgures. The inscription is not detectable with the naked eye, due to
both the badly erased surface of the rock and its position. It is thus not surprising that the discov-
erer and frst editor of this rock-sculpture, Walther Hinz, wrote: Leider weist unser Relief in @ong-
e Yar->Aliwand keine Inschrift auf.4
Before briefy discussing this new text, it is worth to sum up some data as regards the rock-sculp-
ture of @ong-e Yar->Aliwand.
The rock-sculpture of @ong-e Yar->Aliwand was discovered and promptly published by Walther
Hinz in 1963. It represents two fgures, standing in front of each other and matching most of the
canons of Parthian sculpture. The surface of the relief has badly sufered the inclemency of weath-
er and only the profles of the two fgures are detectable. In spite of this, Hinz and other scholars
agreed that what is shown here is a scene of investiture.5 Even if he admitted that it was very dif-
cult to propose a dating for it, Hinz thought that the relief could perhaps date back to the 1st cen-
tury bc. Not far from @ong-e Yar->Aliwand, in the site of @ong-e Kamalwand, Hinz was able to lo-
cate another relief. In the latter two fgures are found: on the left is a man, holding an horse with
1 This project has been developed within the framework
of a Memorandum signed between the Iranian Center for
Archaeological Research (icar) of the Cultural Heritage,
Common Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of the Is-
lamic Republic of Iran (ichto, Teheran) and the Centro
Ricerche Archeologiche e Scavi di Torino per il Medio Orien-
te e lAsia (cst, Turin, Italy). Other institutions involved in
the project, as partners of the cst, were the Dipartimento di
Ingegneria del Territorio, dellAmbiente e delle Geotecnolo-
gie del Politecnico di Torino (ditag, Turin, Italy), and the
Dipartimento di Scienze Antropologiche, Archeologiche e
Storico-Territoriali dellUniversit di Torino (saast, Turin,
Italy). The expedition was fnanced by the Fondazione crt of
Turin and the Ministry of Foreign Afairs of the Italian
Republic. The author wishes to thank Dr. Vito Messina
(Codirector of the Mission, Turin) and Dr. Carlo Lippolis
(Director cst, Turin) for kindly providing him all support,
Dr. Paolo Ardissone (sir - Soluzioni Innovative per il Rileva-
mento S.r.l., Turin), for useful suggestions and technical sup-
port about orthophotographs and Prof. F. A. Pennacchietti
(Universit di Torino) who read and commented upon an
earlier draft of this article.
2 For further details see the efective summary featured in:
http://www.centroscavitorino.it/en/progetti/iran/Khuzis-
tan.html.
3 An orthophotograph or orthoimage is usually meant
as a geometrically corrected (orthorectifed) one, so that the
scale is uniform. The photograph has thus the same lack of
distortion as a map. Unlike an uncorrected photograph, an
orthophotograph can be used to measure true distances, be-
cause it is an accurate representation of the objects surface,
having been adjusted according to topographic relief, lens dis-
tortion, and camera tilt. Orthophotography has developed a
wide range of uses, including the relief of buildings and mon-
uments. In the present case, a software can display the or-
thophotographs of the rock-sculptures and allow the scholar
to move the source of light, place line works, text annota-
tions, etc. The software used here is the adhoc www.ad-
hoc3d.com 4 Hinz 1963, 170.
5 Ibidem, 169-170; Mathiesen 1992, 123-124.
I
parthica 13 2011
108 Marco Morigi
reins, while on the right another man stands. Between the two an Aramaic inscription in Elymaic
script reads as follows (Hinz 1963, 171-172):6
[prd] >t kwmr> br kbnkyr
Phraates, the priest, son of Kabnakir
On the basis of a comparison with the letters found in Elymaic inscriptions of Tang-e Sarwak, Hinz
proposed to date the inscription to c. ad 100.
The inscription of the rock-sculpture of @ong-e Yar->Aliwand has been deeply erased, as well as
the relief in its entirety, and only scanty traces of some letters are still detectable. As far as the script
6 Cf. Gzella 2008, 121.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 1.
is concerned, it is quite certain that what we are faced with here is an Elymaic inscription (in
Aramaic language). The letters that are clearly visible are typologically similar to the ones we fnd
in the inscription of @ong-e Kamalwand. As is well known, the latter, together with the inscriptions
of Tang-e Sarwak, imbar, and Bard-e Nesandeh, is included in the epigraphic inventory of the Ely-
maic script type, in its turn comprehended in the South Mesopotamian Aramaic script group.7
In the rock-sculpture of @ong-e Yar->Aliwand the very damaged surface shows traces of two
lines of text, running from right to left with a slanting course. Due to the reasons mentioned above,
the transcription proposed here is to be considered as tentative (Figs. 1-2).8
1. [.]>(m)b(p)[.](n/k)[]
2. br k[.](n/k)[..]k[]
1. []
2. son of []
The state of preservation of the inscription prevents us from getting more information from it. If
we had more clear letters, we could probably obtain an identifcation for the two fgures. In l. 2 one
is easily tempted to reconstruct the reading <kbnkyr> in the light of the text of @ong-e Kamal-
wand, but this is to be considered anything more than a guess.
All in all, the scant evidence of the text does not seem to clash with the hypothesis of the relief
as representing a scene of investiture. As far as palaeography is concerned, especially as regards
letters <b> and <r>, these seem to recall the script typologies featured in @ong-e Kamalwand.
According to this, one may guess a dating for the inscription and the relief a little later than Hinzs
one, setting them at least within the 1st century ad.
Bibliography
Altheim F., Stiehl R.
1968, Die Araber in der Alten Welt, v:1, Berlin, 77-78, 94-95, fgs. 29, 37.
1969, Die Araber in der Alten Welt, v:2, Berlin, 24-26, fgs. 7-8.
Bivar A. D. H., Shaked Sh.
1964, The Inscriptions at Shimbar, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 27, 265-290, pls.
i-xiii.
Gzella H.
2008, Aramaic in the Parthian Period: The Arsacid Inscriptions, in H. Gzella, M. L. Folmer (eds.), Aramaic
in its Historical and Linguistic Setting, Wiesbaden, 107-130.
Henning W. B.
1951-1952, The Monuments and Inscriptions of Tang-i Sarvak, Asia Major, 2, 151-178, pls. i-xx.
Hinz W.
1963, Zwei neuentdeckte partische Felsreliefs, Iranica Antiqua, iii, 169-173, pls. lvii-lix.
Klugkist A. C.
1982, Midden-Aramese Schriften in Syri, Mesopotami, Perzi en aangrenzende gebieden, Groningen.
Mathiesen H. E.
1992, Sculpture in the Parthian Empire. A Study in Chronology, i-ii, Aarhus.
Naveh J.
1982, Early History of the Alphabet, Jerusalem-Leiden.
Vanden Berghe L., Schippmann K.
1985, Les reliefs rupestres dElymade (Iran) de lepoque parthe, Ghent.
An Aramaic inscription in the @ong-e Yar->Aliwand rock relief (Elymais) 109
7 Other members of this group are the Characenaean
script and the Mandaic script: Naveh 1982, 133-137.
8 Critical apparatus: [.] = one missing letter; [] = three
or more missing letters; [x] = reconstructed reading; (x) = un-
certain letter; (x/y) = alternative readings; () = meaningless
sequence; <x> = written spelling.
Amministrazione e abbonamenti / Administration & Subscriptions
Fabrizio Serra editore

, Pisa Roma
Casella postale n. 1, Succursale n. 8, i 56123 Pisa, fse
@
libraweb.net
I prezzi ufciali di abbonamento cartaceo e/o Online sono consultabili
presso il sito Internet della casa editrice www.libraweb.net.
Print and/or Online ofcial subscription rates are available
at Publishers website www.libraweb.net.
I pagamenti possono essere efettuati tramite versamento su c.c.p. n. 17154550
o tramite carta di credito (American Express, Visa, Eurocard, Mastercard, Carta Si).
Ufci di Pisa: Via Santa Bibbiana 28, i 56127 Pisa,
tel. +39 050 542332, fax +39 050 574888, fse
@
libraweb.net
Ufci di Roma: Via Carlo Emanuele I 48, i 00185 Roma,
tel. +39 06 70493456, fax +39 06 70476605, fse.roma
@
libraweb.net
www.libraweb.net
*
Sono rigorosamente vietati la riproduzione, la traduzione, ladattamento, anche parziale o per estratti, per
qualsiasi uso e con qualsiasi mezzo efettuati, compresi la copia fotostatica, il microflm, la memorizzazione
elettronica, ecc., senza la preventiva autorizzazione scritta della Fabrizio Serra editore

, Pisa Roma.
Ogni abuso sar perseguito a norma di legge.
All forms of reproduction, translation, adaptation, whether partial or for ofprints, for any use whatsoever
and carried out by any means whatsoever, including photostatic copies, microflms, recording, electronic
memoriza tion or any other informations storage system, etc., are strictly forbidden, unless prior permission
is obtained in writing from the Fabrizio Serra editore

, Pisa Roma.
Any breach of the law will be dealt with according to the legislation in force.
*
Propriet riservata All rights reserved
Copyright 2011 by Fabrizio Serra editore

, Pisa Roma.
Stampato in Italia Printed in Italy
*
issn 1128-6342
issn elettronico 1724-1928
SOMMARI O
Zhores Khachatryan, The tomb of Sisian (second half of the 1st century bc) 9
Mohamadreza Nemati, Farhang Khademi Nadooshan, Mehdi Mosavi Kohpar, Ali
reza Hozhabri Nobari, Parthian burial traditions at Veliran, Northern-Central Iran 87
Marco Moriggi, An Aramaic inscription in the @ong-e Yar->Aliwand rock relief (Elymais) 107
Davide Ciafaloni, Geri Della Rocca de Candal, Sasanian traditions in Sogdian paint-
ings: hunting and fghting scenes 111
Ulf Jger, Incense-burners with long handles from pre-Islamic Central Asia. A preliminary survey 129
Gabriele Rossi Osmida, Interventions of recovery and restoration conducted at the site of Haroba
Kosht (Turkmenistan) 145
Gli autori di questo numero 179
Tavole 181

Вам также может понравиться