Chapter 1: Technical Measurement and Vector

5.Newtons law of universal gravitation is

represented by
2
r
Mm
G F =
where F is the gravitational force, M and m
are masses, and r is a length. Force has the SI
units kg m/s
2
. What are the SI units of the
proportionality constant G?
8.The speed of light is now defned to be 2.99
7924 58 10
8
m/s. Express the speed of light
to (a) three signifcant fgures, (b) fve
signifcant fgures, and (c) seven signifcant
fgures.
15.A rectangular building lot measures 100 ft by
150 ft. Determine the area of this lot in square
meters (m
2
).
19.The speed of light is about 3.00 10
8
m/s.
Convert this fgure to miles per hour.
22.(a) Find a conversion factor to convert from
miles per hour to kilometers per hour. (b) For
a while, federal law mandated that the
maximum highway speed would be 55 mi/h.
Use the conversion factor from part (a) to fnd
the speed in kilometers per hour. (c) The
maximum highway speed has been raised to
65 mi/h in some places. In kilometers per
hour, how much of an increase is this over the
55-mi/h limit?
5.A plane fies from base camp to lake A, a
distance of 280 km at a direction of 20.0
north of east. After dropping of supplies, the
plane fies to lake B, which is 190 km and
30.0 west of north from lake A. Graphically
determine the distance and direction from
lake B to the base camp.
6.Vector A

has a magnitude of 8.00 units and

makes an angle of 45.0 with the positive x-
axis. Vector B

also has a magnitude of 8.00

units and is directed along the negative x-
axis. Using graphical methods, fnd (a) the
vector sum A

+ B

and (b) the vector

diference A

.
15.A man pushing a mop across a foor causes
the mop to undergo two displacements. The
frst has a magnitude of 150 cm and makes an
angle of 120 with the positive x-axis. The
resultant displacement has a magnitude of
140 cm and is directed at an angle of 35.0 to
the positive x-axis. Find the magnitude and
direction of the second displacement.
35.In Figure P1.35, fnd (a) the side opposite ,
(b) the side adjacent to , (c) cos , (d) sin ,
and (e) tan .
Figure P1.35
9.A girl delivering newspapers covers her route
by traveling 3.00 blocks west, 4.00 blocks
north, and then 6.00 blocks east. (a) What is
her resultant displacement? (b) What is the
total distance she travels?
14.The helicopter view in Figure P3.14 shows
two people pulling on a stubborn mule. Find
(a) the single force that is equivalent to the
two forces shown and (b) the force that a
third person would have to exert on the mule
to make the net force equal to zero. The forces
are measured in units of newtons (N).
1
Figure P3.14
2
Chapter 2: Translational Equilibrium and Friction
1.A 6.0-kg object undergoes an acceleration of
2.0 m/s
2
. (a) What is the magnitude of the
resultant force acting on it? (b) If this same
force is applied to a 4.0-kg object, what
acceleration is produced?
13. A 150-N bird feeder is supported by three
cables as shown in Figure P4.13. Find the
tension in each cable.
Figure P4.13
14.The leg and cast in Figure P4.14 weigh 220 N
(w
1
). Determine the weight w
2
and the angle
needed so that no force is exerted on the hip
joint by the leg plus the cast.
29.A dockworker loading crates on a ship fnds
that a 20-kg crate, initially at rest on a
horizontal surface, requires a 75-N horizontal
force to set it in motion. However, after the
crate is in motion, a horizontal force of 60 N is
required to keep it moving with a constant
speed. Find the coefcients of static and
kinetic friction between crate and foor.
34.A woman at an airport is towing her 20.0-kg
suitcase at constant speed by pulling on a
strap at an angle above the horizontal (Fig.
P4.34). She pulls on the strap with a 35.0-N
force, and the friction force on the suitcase is
20.0 N. Draw a free-body diagram of the
suitcase. (a) What angle does the strap make
with the horizontal? (b) What normal force
does the ground exert on the suitcase?
Figure P4.34
35.The coefcient of static friction between the
3.00-kg crate and the 35.0 incline of Figure
P4.35 is 0.300. What minimum force F

must
be applied to the crate perpendicular to the
incline to prevent the crate from sliding down
the incline?
Figure P4.35
42.A 2.00-kg block is held in equilibrium on an
incline of angle = 60.0 by a horizontal force
F

applied in the direction shown in Figure

P4.42. If the coefcient of static friction
between block and incline is
s
= 0.300,
determine (a) the minimum value of and (b)
the normal force exerted by the incline on the
block.
Figure P4.42
45.(a) What is the resultant force exerted by the
two cables supporting the trafc light in
Figure P4.45? (b) What is the weight of the
light?
Chapter 3: Torque and Rotational Equilibrium
1.If the torque required to loosen a nut that is
holding a fat tire in place on a car has a
magnitude of 40.0 N m, what minimum force
must be exerted by the mechanic at the end of
a 30.0-cm lug wrench to accomplish the task?
3.Calculate the net torque (magnitude and
direction) on the beam in Figure P8.3 about
(a) an axis through O perpendicular to the
page and (b) an axis through C perpendicular
to the page.
4.Write the necessary equations of equilibrium
of the object shown in Figure P8.4. Take the
origin of the torque equation about an axis
perpendicular to the page through the point
O.
9. A cook holds a 2.00-kg carton of milk at arms
length (Fig. P8.9). What force
B
F

must be
exerted by the biceps muscle? (Ignore the
weight of the forearm.)
17.A 500-N uniform rectangular sign 4.00 m
wide and 3.00 m high is suspended from a
horizontal, 6.00-m-long, uniform, 100-N rod
as indicated in Figure P8.17. The left end of
the rod is supported by a hinge, and the right
end is supported by a thin cable making a
30.0 angle with the vertical. (a) Find the
tension T in the cable. (b) Find the horizontal
and vertical components of force exerted on
the left end of the rod by the hinge.
20.A 20.0-kg foodlight in a park is supported at
the end of a horizontal beam of negligible
mass that is hinged to a pole, as shown in
Figure P8.20. A cable at an angle of 30.0 with
the beam helps to support the light. Find (a)
the tension in the cable and (b) the horizontal
and vertical forces exerted on the beam by the
pole.
21.A uniform plank of length 2.00 m and mass
30.0 kg is supported by three ropes, as
indicated by the blue vectors in Figure P8.21.
Find the tension in each rope when a 700-N
person is 0.500 m from the left end.
26.One end of a uniform 4.0-m-long rod of
weight w is supported by a cable. The other
end rests against a wall, where it is held by
friction. (See Fig. P8.26.) The coefcient of
static friction between the wall and the rod is

s
= 0.50. Determine the minimum distance x
from point A at which an additional weight w
(the same as the weight of the rod) can be
hung without causing the rod to slip at point
A.
Chapter : !ni"orm Acceleration and Circular Motion
5.A motorist drives north for 35.0 minutes at
85.0 km/h and then stops for 15.0 minutes.
He then continues north, traveling 130 km in
2.00 h. (a) What is his total displacement? (b)
What is his average velocity?
6.A graph of position versus time for a certain
particle moving along the x-axis is shown in
Figure P2.6. Find the average velocity in the
time intervals from (a) 0 to 2.00 s, (b) 0 to 4.00
s, (c) 2.00 s to 4.00 s, (d) 4.00 s to 7.00 s, and (e)
0 to 8.00 s.
12.A race car moves such that its position fts the
relationship
x = (5.0 m/s)t + (0.75 m/s
3
)t
3
where x is measured in meters and t in
seconds. (a) Plot a graph of the cars position
versus time. (b) Determine the instantaneous
velocity of the car at t = 4.0 s, using time
intervals of 0.40 s, 0.20 s, and 0.10 s. (c)
Compare the average velocity during the frst
4.0 s with the results of (b).
13.Find the instantaneous velocities of the tennis
player of Figure P2.13 at (a) 0.50 s, (b) 2.0 s, (c)
3.0 s, and (d) 4.5 s.
25.A Cessna aircraft has a lift-of speed of 120
km/h. (a) What minimum constant
acceleration does the aircraft require if it is to
be airborne after a takeof run of 240 m? (b)
How long does it take the aircraft to become
airborne?
34.It is possible to shoot an arrow at a speed as
high as 100 m/s. (a) If friction is neglected,
how high would an arrow launched at this
speed rise if shot straight up? (b) How long
would the arrow be in the air?
37. A small mailbag is released from a helicopter
that is descending steadily at 1.50 m/s. After
2.00 s, (a) what is the speed of the mailbag,
and (b) how far is it below the helicopter? (c)
What are your answers to parts (a) and (b) if
the helicopter is rising steadily at 1.50 m/s?
39.A student throws a set of keys vertically
upward to his fraternity brother, who is in a
window 4.00 m above. The brothers
outstretched hand catches the keys 1.50 s
later. (a) With what initial velocity were the
keys thrown? (b) What was the velocity of the
keys just before they were caught?
21.A brick is thrown upward from the top of a
building at an angle of 25 to the horizontal
and with an initial speed of 15 m/s. If the
brick is in fight for 3.0 s, how tall is the
building?
24.A freman 50.0 m away from a burning
building directs a stream of water from a
ground-level fre hose at an angle of 30.0
above the horizontal. If the speed of the
stream as it leaves the hose is 40.0 m/s, at
what height will the stream of water strike the
building?
25.A projectile is launched with an initial speed
of 60.0 m/s at an angle of 30.0 above the
horizontal. The projectile lands on a hillside
4.00 s later. Neglect air friction. (a) What is the
projectiles velocity at the highest point of its
trajectory? (b) What is the straight-line
distance from where the projectile was
launched to where it hits its target?
Chapter #: $or%& Ener'( and )o*er
1.A weight lifter lifts a 350-N set of weights
from ground level to a position over his head,
a vertical distance of 2.00 m. How much work
does the weight lifter do, assuming he moves
the weights at constant speed?
5.A sledge loaded with bricks has a total mass
of 18.0 kg and is pulled at constant speed by a
rope inclined at 20.0 above the horizontal.
The sledge moves a distance of 20.0 m on a
horizontal surface. The coefcient of kinetic
friction between the sledge and surface is
0.500. (a) What is the tension in the rope? (b)
How much work is done by the rope on the
sledge? (c) What is the mechanical energy lost
due to friction?
7.A mechanic pushes a 2.50 10
3
-kg car from
rest to a speed of v, doing 5 000 J of work in
the process. During this time, the car moves
25.0 m. Neglecting friction between car and
road, fnd (a) v and (b) the horizontal force
exerted on the car.
14.A 0.60-kg particle has a speed of 2.0 m/s at
point A and a kinetic energy of 7.5 J at point
B. What is (a) its kinetic energy at A? (b) its
speed at point B? (c) the total work done on
the particle as it moves from A to B?
15.A 2 000-kg car moves down a level highway
under the actions of two forces: a 1 000-N
forward force exerted on the drive wheels by
the road and a 950-N resistive force. Use the
workenergy theorem to fnd the speed of the
car after it has moved a distance of 20 m,
assuming that it starts from rest.
21.A daredevil on a motorcycle leaves the end of
a ramp with a speed of 35.0 m/s as in Figure
P5.21. If his speed is 33.0 m/s when he
reaches the peak of the path, what is the
maximum height that he reaches? Ignore
friction and air resistance.
26.A 0.400-kg bead slides on a curved wire,
starting from rest at point in Figure P5.26.
If the wire is frictionless, fnd the speed of the
bead (a) at and (b) at .
40.A skier of mass 70 kg is pulled up a slope by a
motor-driven cable. (a) How much work is
required to pull him 60 m up a 30 slope
(assumed frictionless) at a constant speed of
2.0 m/s? (b) What power must a motor have
to perform this task?
43.The electric motor of a model train accelerates
the train from rest to 0.620 m/s in 21.0 ms.
The total mass of the train is 875 g. Find the
average power delivered to the train during
its acceleration.
46.A 650-kg elevator starts from rest and moves
upwards for 3.00 s with constant acceleration
until it reaches its cruising speed, 1.75 m/s.
(a) What is the average power of the elevator
motor during this period? (b) How does this
amount of power compare with its power
during an upward trip with constant speed?
Chapter +: ,mpulse and Momentum
1.A ball of mass 0.150 kg is dropped from rest
from a height of 1.25 m. It rebounds from the
foor to reach a height of 0.960 m. What
impulse was given to the ball by the foor?
3.Calculate the magnitude of the linear
momentum for the following cases: (a) a
proton with mass 1.67 10
27
kg, moving with
a speed of 5.00 10
6
m/s; (b) a 15.0-g bullet
moving with a speed of 300 m/s; (c) a 75.0-kg
sprinter running with a speed of 10.0 m/s; (d)
the Earth (mass = 5.98 10
24
kg) moving with
an orbital speed equal to 2.98 10
4
m/s.
10.A 0.500-kg football is thrown toward the east
with a speed of 15.0 m/s. A stationary
receiver catches the ball and brings it to rest
in 0.020 0 s. (a) What is the impulse delivered
to the ball as its caught? (b) What is the
average force exerted on the receiver?
11.The force shown in the force vs. time diagram
in Figure P6.11 acts on a 1.5-kg object. Find (a)
the impulse of the force, (b) the fnal velocity
of the object if it is initially at rest, and (c) the
fnal velocity of the object if it is initially
moving along the x-axis with a velocity of
2.0 m/s.
13.The forces shown in the force vs. time
diagram in Figure P6.13 act on a 1.5-kg
particle. Find (a) the impulse for the interval
from t = 0 to t = 3.0 s and (b) the impulse for
the interval from t = 0 to t = 5.0 s. (c) If the
forces act on a 1.5-kg particle that is initially
at rest, fnd the particles speed at t = 3.0 s and
at t = 5.0 s.
20.A rife with a weight of 30 N fres a 5.0-g
bullet with a speed of 300 m/s. (a) Find the
recoil speed of the rife. (b) If a 700-N man
holds the rife frmly against his shoulder,
fnd the recoil speed of the man and rife.
32.(a) Three carts of masses 4.0 kg, 10 kg, and 3.0
kg move on a frictionless horizontal track
with speeds of 5.0 m/s, 3.0 m/s, and 4.0 m/s,
as shown in Figure P6.32. The carts stick
together after colliding. Find the fnal velocity
of the three carts. (b) Does your answer
require that all carts collide and stick together
at the same time?
35.A 25.0-g object moving to the right at 20.0
cm/s overtakes and collides elastically with a
10.0-g object moving in the same direction at
15.0 cm/s. Find the velocity of each object
after the collision
Chapter -: Rotation o" Ri'id Bodies
1.The tires on a new compact car have a
diameter of 2.0 ft and are warranted for 60
000 miles. (a) Determine the angle (in radians)
through which one of these tires will rotate
during the warranty period. (b) How many
revolutions of the tire are equivalent to your
answer in (a)?
2.A wheel has a radius of 4.1 m. How far (path
length) does a point on the circumference
travel if the wheel is rotated through angles of
30, 30 rad, and 30 rev, respectively?
3.Find the angular speed of Earth about the Sun
in radians per second and degrees per day.
4.A potters wheel moves from rest to an
angular speed of 0.20 rev/s in 30 s. Find its
angular acceleration in radians per second per
second.
5.A dentists drill starts from rest. After 3.20 s of
constant angular acceleration, it turns at a rate
of 2.51 10
4
rev/min. (a) Find the drills
angular acceleration. (b) Determine the angle
(in radians) through which the drill rotates
during this period.
6.A centrifuge in a medical laboratory rotates at
an angular speed of 3 600 rev/min. When
switched of, it rotates through 50.0
revolutions before coming to rest. Find the
constant angular acceleration of the
centrifuge.
7.A machine part rotates at an angular speed of
0.60 rad/s; its speed is then increased to 2.2
rad/s at an angular acceleration of 0.70
rad/s
2
. Find the angle through which the part
rotates before reaching this fnal speed.
12.A coin with a diameter of 2.40 cm is dropped
on edge onto a horizontal surface. The coin
starts out with an initial angular speed of 18.0
rad/s and rolls in a straight line without
slipping. If the rotation slows with an angular
acceleration of magnitude 1.90 rad/s
2
, how
far does the coin roll before coming to rest?
13.A rotating wheel requires 3.00 s to rotate 37.0
revolutions. Its angular velocity at the end of
the 3.00-s interval is 98.0 rad/s. What is the
constant angular acceleration of the wheel?
Chapter .: The Electric Force
1.A charge of 4.5 10
9
C is located 3.2 m from
a charge of 2.8 10
9
C. Find the electrostatic
force exerted by one charge on the other.
3.An alpha particle (charge = +2.0e) is sent at
high speed toward a gold nucleus (charge =
+79e). What is the electrical force acting on
the alpha particle when it is 2.0 10
14
m from
the gold nucleus?
5.The nucleus of
8
Be, which consists of 4
protons and 4 neutrons, is very unstable and
spontaneously breaks into two alpha particles
(helium nuclei, each consisting of 2 protons
and 2 neutrons). (a) What is the force between
the two alpha particles when they are 5.00
10
15
m apart, and (b) what will be the
magnitude of the acceleration of the alpha
particles due to this force? Note that the mass
of an alpha particle is 4.0026 u.
8.An electron is released a short distance above
the surface of the Earth. A second electron
directly below it exerts an electrostatic force
on the frst electron just great enough to
cancel the gravitational force on it. How far
below the frst electron is the second?
9.Two identical conducting spheres are placed
with their centers 0.30 m apart. One is given a
charge of 12 10
9
C, the other a charge of 18
10
9
C. (a) Find the electrostatic force
exerted on one sphere by the other. (b) The
spheres are connected by a conducting wire.
Find the electrostatic force between the two
after equilibrium is reached.
10.Calculate the magnitude and direction of the
Coulomb force on each of the three charges
shown in Figure P15.10.
Figure P15.10 (Problems 10 and 18)
12.Three charges are arranged as shown in
Figure P15.12. Find the magnitude and
direction of the electrostatic force on the 6.00-
nC charge.
Figure P15.12
13.Two small metallic spheres, each of mass 0.20
g, are suspended as pendulums by light
strings from a common point as shown in
Figure P15.13. The spheres are given the same
electric charge, and it is found that they come
to equilibrium when each string is at an angle
of 5.0 with the vertical. If each string is 30.0
cm long, what is the magnitude of the charge
on each sphere?
Figure P15.13
Chapter /: The Electric Field
15.An object with a net charge of 24 C is placed
in a uniform electric feld of 610 N/C,
directed vertically. What is the mass of the
object if it foats in the electric feld?
17. An airplane is fying through a thundercloud
at a height of 2 000 m. (This is a very
dangerous thing to do because of updrafts,
turbulence, and the possibility of electric
discharge.) If there are charge concentrations
of +40.0 C at a height of 3 000 m within the
cloud and 40.0 C at a height of 1000 m, what
is the electric feld E

at the aircraft?
21.A proton accelerates from rest in a uniform
electric feld of 640 N/C. At some later time,
its speed is 1.20 10
6
m/s. (a) Find the
magnitude of the acceleration of the proton.
(b) How long does it take the proton to reach
this speed? (c) How far has it moved in that
interval? (d) What is its kinetic energy at the
later time?
22.Three charges are at the corners of an
equilateral triangle, as shown in Figure
P15.22. Calculate the electric feld at a point
midway between the two charges on the x-
axis.
Figure P15.22
23. In Figure P15.23, determine the point (other
than infnity) at which the total electric feld is
zero.
Figure P15.23
28.A fat surface having an area of 3.2 m
2
is
rotated in a uniform electric feld of
magnitude E = 6.2 10
5
N/C. Determine the
electric fux through this area (a) when the
electric feld is perpendicular to the surface
and (b) when the electric feld is parallel to
the surface.
29.An electric feld of intensity 3.50 kN/C is
applied along the x-axis. Calculate the electric
fux through a rectangular plane 0.350 m
wide and 0.700 m long if (a) the plane is
parallel to the yz-plane; (b) the plane is
parallel to the xy-plane; and (c) the plane
contains the y-axis, and its normal makes an
angle of 40.0 with the x-axis.
31.A 40-cm-diameter loop is rotated in a uniform
electric feld until the position of maximum
electric fux is found. The fux in that position
is measured to be 5.2 10
5
Nm
2
/C. Calculate
the electric feld strength in this region.
32.A point charge of +5.00 C is located at the
center of a sphere with a radius of 12.0 cm.
Determine the electric fux through the
surface of the sphere.
33.A point charge q is located at the center of a
spherical shell of radius a that has a charge q
uniformly distributed on its surface. Find the
electric feld (a) for all points outside the
spherical shell and (b) for a point inside the
shell a distance r from the center.
Chapter 10: Electric )otential
1.A proton moves 2.00 cm parallel to a uniform
electric feld of E = 200 N/C. (a) How much
work is done by the feld on the proton? (b)
What change occurs in the potential energy of
the proton? (c) What potential diference did
the proton move through?
2.A uniform electric feld of magnitude 250
V/m is directed in the positive x-direction. A
12-C charge moves from the origin to the
point (x, y) = (20 cm, 50 cm). (a) What was the
change in the potential energy of this charge?
(b) Through what potential diference did the
charge move?
5.The potential diference between the
accelerating plates of a TV set is about 25 kV.
If the distance between the plates is 1.5 cm,
fnd the magnitude of the uniform electric
feld in the region between the plates.
6.To recharge a 12-V battery, a battery charger
must move 3.6 10
5
C of charge from the
negative terminal to the positive terminal.
How much work is done by the charger?
Express your answer in joules.
7. Oppositely charged parallel plates are
separated by 5.33 mm. A potential diference
of 600 V exists between the plates. (a) What is
the magnitude of the electric feld between
the plates? (b) What is the magnitude of the
force on an electron between the plates? (c)
How much work must be done on the
electron to move it to the negative plate if it is
initially positioned 2.90 mm from the positive
plate?
9.(a) Find the electric potential 1.00 cm from a
proton. (b) What is the electric potential
diference between two points that are 1.00
cm and 2.00 cm from a proton?
11.(a) Find the electric potential, taking zero at
infnity, at the upper right corner (the corner
without a charge) of the rectangle in Figure
P16.11. (b) Repeat if the 2.00-C charge is
replaced with a charge of 2.00 C.
Figure P16.11 (Problems 11 and 12)
12.Three charges are situated at corners of a
rectangle as in Figure P16.11. How much
energy would be expended in moving the
8.00-C charge to infnity?
14.A point charge of 9.00 10
9
C is located at
the origin. How much work is required to
bring a positive charge of 3.00 10
9
C from
infnity to the location x = 30.0 cm?
17.In Rutherfords famous scattering
experiments that led to the planetary model
of the atom, alpha particles (having charges of
+2e and masses of 6.64 10
27
kg) were fred
toward a gold nucleus with charge +79e. An
alpha particle, initially very far from the gold
nucleus, is fred at 2.00 10
7
m/s directly
toward the nucleus, as in Figure P16.17. How
close does the alpha particle get to the gold
nucleus before turning around? Assume the
gold nucleus remains stationary.
Figure P16.17
Chapter 11: Capacitance
20.(a) How much charge is on each plate of a
4.00-F capacitor when it is connected to a
12.0-V battery? (b) If this same capacitor is
connected to a 1.50-V battery, what charge is
stored?
22.The potential diference between a pair of
oppositely charged parallel plates is 400 V. (a)
If the spacing between the plates is doubled
without altering the charge on the plates,
what is the new potential diference between
the plates? (b) If the plate spacing is doubled
while the potential diference between the
plates is kept constant, what is the ratio of the
fnal charge on one of the plates to the
original charge?
23.An air-flled capacitor consists of two parallel
plates, each with an area of 7.60 cm
2
and
separated by a distance of 1.80 mm. If a 20.0-V
potential diference is applied to these plates,
calculate (a) the electric feld between the
plates, (b) the capacitance, and (c) the charge
on each plate.
24.A 1-megabit computer memory chip contains
many 60.0 10
15
-F capacitors. Each capacitor
has a plate area of 21.0 10
12
m
2
. Determine
the plate separation of such a capacitor.
(Assume a parallel-plate confguration). The
diameter of an atom is on the order of 10
10
m
= 1 . Express the plate separation in
angstroms.
25.A parallel-plate capacitor has an area of 5.00
cm
2
, and the plates are separated by 1.00 mm
with air between them. The capacitor stores a
charge of 400 pC. (a) What is the potential
diference across the plates of the capacitor?
(b) What is the magnitude of the uniform
electric feld in the region between the plates?
27.A series circuit consists of a 0.050-F
capacitor, a 0.100-F capacitor, and a 400-V
battery. Find the charge (a) on each of the
capacitors and (b) on each of the capacitors if
they are reconnected in parallel across the
battery.
28.Three capacitors, C
1
= 5.00 F, C
2
= 4.00 F,
and C
3
= 9.00 F, are connected together. Find
the efective capacitance of the group (a) if
they are all in parallel, and (b) if they are all
in series.
29.(a) Find the equivalent capacitance of the
group of capacitors in Figure P16.29. (b) Find
the charge on each capacitor and the potential
diference across it.
Figure P16.29
31.Four capacitors are connected as shown in
Figure P16.31. (a) Find the equivalent
capacitance between points a and b. (b)
Calculate the charge on each capacitor if a
15.0-V battery is connected across points a
and b.
Figure P16.31
Chapter 12: Current and Resistance
13.Calculate the diameter of a 2.0-cm length of
tungsten flament in a small lightbulb if its
resistance is 0.050 .
15.A potential diference of 12 V is found to
produce a current of 0.40 A in a 3.2-m length
of wire with a uniform radius of 0.40 cm.
What is (a) the resistance of the wire? (b) the
resistivity of the wire?
17.A wire 50.0 m long and 2.00 mm in diameter
is connected to a source with a potential
diference of 9.11 V, and the current is found
to be 36.0 A. Assume a temperature of 20C,
and, using Table 17.1, identify the metal out
of which the wire is made.
28.If electrical energy costs 12 cents, or $0.12, per
kilowatt-hour, how much does it cost to (a)
burn a 100-W lightbulb for 24 h? (b) operate
an electric oven for 5.0 h if it carries a current
of 20.0 A at 220 V?
35.A copper cable is designed to carry a current
of 300 A with a power loss of 2.00 W/m.
What is the required radius of this cable?
1.A battery having an emf of 9.00 V delivers 117
mA when connected to a 72.0- load.
Determine the internal resistance of the
battery.
2.A 4.0- resistor, an 8.0- resistor, and a 12-
resistor are connected in series with a 24-V
battery. What are (a) the equivalent resistance
and (b) the current in each resistor? (c) Repeat
for the case in which all three resistors are
connected in parallel across the battery.
5. (a) Find the equivalent resistance between
points a and b in Figure P18.5. (b) Calculate
the current in each resistor if a potential
diference of 34.0 V is applied between points
a and b.
Figure P18.5
8.(a) Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit
in Figure P18.8. (b) If the total power supplied
to the circuit is 4.00 W, fnd the emf of the
battery.
Figure P18.8
9.Consider the circuit shown in Figure P18.9.
Find (a) the current in the 20.0- resistor and
(b) the potential diference between points a
and b.
Figure P18.9
Chapter 13: Ma'netism and the Ma'netic Field
1.An electron gun fres electrons into a
magnetic feld directed straight downward.
Find the direction of the force exerted by the
feld on an electron for each of the following
directions of the electrons velocity: (a)
horizontal and due north; (b) horizontal and
30 west of north; (c) due north, but at 30
below the horizontal; (d) straight upward.
(Remember that an electron has a negative
charge.)
2.(a) Find the direction of the force on a proton
(a positively charged particle) moving
through the magnetic felds in Figure P19.2,
as shown. (b) Repeat part (a), assuming the
moving particle is an electron.
Figure P19.2 (Problems 2 and 12) For Problem 12,
replace the velocity vector with a current in that
direction.
3.Find the direction of the magnetic feld acting
on the positively charged particle moving in
the various situations shown in Figure P19.3
if the direction of the magnetic force acting on
it is as indicated.
Figure P19.3 (Problems 3 and 13) For Problem 13,
replace the velocity vector with a current in that
direction.
5.At the equator, near the surface of Earth, the
magnetic feld is approximately 50.0 T
northward, and the electric feld is about 100
N/C downward in fair weather. Find the
gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces on
an electron with an instantaneous velocity of
6.00 10
6
m/s directed to the east in this
environment.
6.The magnetic feld of the Earth at a certain
location is directed vertically downward and
has a magnitude of 50.0 T. A proton is
moving horizontally toward the west in this
feld with a speed of 6.20 10
6
m/s. What are
the direction and magnitude of the magnetic
force the feld exerts on the proton?
7. What velocity would a proton need to circle
Earth 1 000 km above the magnetic equator,
where Earths magnetic feld is directed
horizontally north and has a magnitude of
4.00 10
8
T?
8.An electron is accelerated through 2 400 V
from rest and then enters a region where
there is a uniform 1.70-T magnetic feld. What
are (a) the maximum and (b) the minimum
magnitudes of the magnetic force acting on
this electron?
9.A proton moves perpendicularly to a uniform
magnetic feld
B

at 1.0 107 m/s and

exhibits an acceleration of 2.0 1013 m/s2 in
the +x-direction when its velocity is in the +z-
direction. Determine the magnitude and
direction of the feld.