FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
LABORATORY INSTRUCTION SHEETS
SUBJECT CODE
BFC 3121
EXPERIMENT CODE
MA3
EXPERIMENT TITTLE
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN
DEMAND
COURSE CODE
KOD ETIKA PELAJAR
(KEP)
JAB. KEJ. SUMBER AIR & ALAM SEKITAR
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM & ALAM SEKITAR
KUiTTHO
Saya dengan ini mengaku bahawa saya telah menyediakan laporan ini dengan daya usaha
saya sendiri. Saya juga mengaku tidak menerima atau memberi sebarang bantuan dalam
menyediakan laporan ini dan membuat ikrar ini dengan kepercayaan bahawa apa-apa yang
tersebut di dalamnya adalah benar.
___________________________
Tandatangan Pelajar
Nama : _______________________________
No. Matrik :____________________________
Tarikh :________________________________
FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY
REPORT
S!"#$T $%&# M'(M') (#"*T#*''N "')'N *'+' , -#%T#(N.(
#/P#*.M#NT $%&# ,
T.TT)#
0')).N- 1#'& P#*M#'!.).T+ T#ST
$%*S# $%&# &'$23453
&'T# 3 %$T%!#* 6532
ST&#NT7S N'M# P*.+'&'T$1.N. '8P ('*N'('*'N
-*%P 39
-*%P M#M!#*7S N'M# 3. PT#*. N'T'S+' !T M':#N'N
6. M1& '0:'N !.N M%1& N%%*
2. PT#*. N* 1'N.S !T M#-'T :'.N%) !'&*.
;. M1& S+'#.&&.N !.N *'1M'N
9.
)#$T*#*8
.NST*$T%*8 TT%*
#N 1'(.M. !.N M& N%*
&'T# %0 *#P%*T
S!M.SS.%N
M'*(S 'TT#N&'N$#8 &.S$.P).N# 839<
&'T' 'N')+S.S 865<
*#S)TS 865<
&.S$SS.%N 869<
$%N$)S.%N 865<
T%T') 8355<
#/'M.N#* $%MM#NTS: 'PP*%=') ST'MP
0'$)T+ : $.=.) 'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
P'-# N%: 38;
&#P'*TM#NT : >'T#* *#S%*$#S
'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
#&.T.%N : M'2
*#=.S.%N N%: 52
)'! : #N=.*%NM#NT') #N-.N##*.N-
)'!%*'T%*+
#/P#*.M#NT : !.%$1#M.$') %/+-#N
&#M'N& ? !%&@
#00#$T.=# &'T# : 5383685A
'M#N&M#NT &'T#: 6583385A
3.5 %!"#$T.=#
To measures the strength oB the water sample ? waterC wastewaterC etc@ based on the amount oB
oDygen needed to stabiliEe the organic matter in the sample.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6.5 )#'*N.N- %T$%M#S
i@ the student be able to describe the importance oB !%& in the enFironmental studies.
ii@ the students be able to measure the !%& oB samples with the right sample siEe.
______________________________________________________________________________
2.5 T1#%*+
!iochemical %Dygen &emand is a commonC enFironmental procedure Bor determining the eDtent to
which oDygen within a sample can support microbial liBe. This method is popular in many
enFironmental laboratories analyEing waste waterC compostC sludgeC and soil samples.
>hen a measurement is made oB all oDygen consuming materials in a sampleC the result is termed
G Total !iochemical %Dygen demand G ? T!%& @ C or oBten just simply G !iochemical %Dygen &emand
G
?!%&@. !ecause the test is perBormed oFer a BiFe day periodC it is oBten reBerred to as a
G BiFe &ay !%& GC or a !%&9.
.n additionC this procedure is only suitable Bor samples Foid oB serious matriD interBerences. To gain a
broader appreciation oB oDygen demandC additional aFenues oB interest may be eDplored including
$!%& ?carbonaceous oDygen demand@C $%& ?chemical oDygen demand@C and T%$ ?total organic
carbon@.
!ecause oB complications measuring this ultimate !%& ?!%&u@C !%&u is usually eDtrapolated Brom
laboratory 9-day !%& bottle tests !%&
t
H !%&
u
? 3 I e
-kt
@
.n many biological treatment plantsC the Bacility eBBluent large numbers oB nitriBying organisms which
are deFeloped during the treatment process. These organisms can eDert an oDygen demand as they
conFert nitrogenous compounds ?ammonia and organic nitrogen@ to more stable Borms ?nitrites and
nitrates@. 't least part oB this oDygen demand is normally measured in a BiFe day !%&.
Sometimes it is adFantageous to measure just the oDygen demand eDerted by organic
?carbonaceous@ compoundsC eDcluding the oDygen demand eDeried by the nitrogenous compounds.
To accomplish thisC the nitriBying organisms can be inhibited Brom using oDygen by the addition oB a
nitriBication inhibitor to the samples.The result is termed G$arbonaceous !iochemical %Dygen
&emand G or !%&.
P*#P'*#& !+ : *%S).N&' S#S>%+'
S.-N'T*# :
&'T# : 65 N%=#M!#* 655A
0'$)T+ : $.=.) 'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
P'-# N%: 68;
&#P'*TM#NT : >'T#* *#S%*$#S
'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
#&.T.%N : M'2
)'! : #N=.*%NM#NT') #N-.N##*.N-
)'!%*'T%*+
*#=.S.%N N%: 52
#/P#*.M#NT : !.%$1#M.$') %/+-#N
&#M'N& ? !%&@
#00#$T.=# &'T# : 5383685A
'M#N&M#NT &'T#: 6583385A
4.0 #J.PM#NT , *#'-#NTS :
3. 9 units 255 m) !%& !ottles
6. .ncubator C capable oB maintaining 65 K 3
5
c
2. 355 m) beaker
;. 355 m) graduated cylinder
9. 6 units 69 ml meaning pipettes
4. &% meter
A. p1 meter
L. Phosphate !uBBer
&issolFe L.9g (16P%;C 63.Ag (61P%;C 22.;g Na61P%;C and 3.Ag N1;$l in deioniEed water. 'djust
p1 to A.6C iB necessaryC with either 3 N 16S%; or Na%1. &ilute to one liter.
M. Magnesium SulBate
&issolFe 66.9g MgS%;.A16% and dilute to one liter.
35. $alsium $hloride
&issolFe 6A.9g $a$l6 and dilute to one liter.

33. 0erric $holoride
&issolFe 5.69g 0e$l2.416% and dilute to one liter.

N%T#: To prepare dilution waterC add one m) oB each oB the Bour solutions listed aboFe to one liter oB
deioniEed water. Saturate with &% by drawing a Facuum through the solution.
9.5 P*%$#&*#S
3. $ollect the sample.
6. Measure the p1 oB the sample.
2. !%& measurement
- &etermine the sample siEe
- &etermine three sample siEe Folume ? number oB !%& bottles@
- Prepare a blank oB dilution water
4.5 *#S)TS 'N& $')$)'T.%N
>rite the results in benchcheet
0'$)T+ : $.=.) 'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
P'-# N%: 28;
&#P'*TM#NT : >'T#* *#S%*$#S
'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
#&.T.%N : M'2
)'! : #N=.*%NM#NT') #N-.N##*.N-
)'!%*'T%*+
*#=.S.%N N%: 52
#/P#*.M#NT : !.%$1#M.$') %/+-#N
&#M'N& ? !%&@
#00#$T.=# &'T# : 5383685A
'M#N&M#NT &'T#: 6583385A
A.5 &'T' 'N')+S.S

A.3 $alculate Bor the aFerage !%&
A.6 Show all the calculation and state iB any oB the data needs to thrown out.
A.2 The dillution water blank can not deplete more than 5.6 mg8). >as this criteria metN
A.; &oes you sample shows 7a toDic eBBect7N
A.9 $ould you rely on your !%& resultsN >hyN
A.9 !y reBerring to Sewage8#BBluent Standard ?&%#C Malaysia @ could your sample be discharge to
riFer untreatedN .B notC suggest the associated treatment Bor !%& remoFal.

L.5 &.S$SS.%N
J3. a@ $alculate the min 8 maD Folume oB sample to be added to prepare as estimated
!%& _____________ mg8).
b@ >hy must samples containing cautic alkalinity or acidity be adjusted beBore preparing !%&
dilutionN
c@ The completed composite sample arriFe in the lab at
eg:_________________C_______________@ >hat is the latest day and time the sample can
be started Bor !%&.
d@ &escribe the Bunction oB !%& bottle7s cap and seal water.
J6. a@ >hy must samples containing residual chlorine be dechlorinated beBore preparation oB
!%& dilutionsN
b@ >hat reagents are reOuired to chemically dechlorinate a !%& sampleN
c@ >hat must be done to samples which haFe been dechlorinated or adjusted Bor p1
FariationsN
0'$)T+ : $.=.) 'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
P'-# N%: ;8;
&#P'*TM#NT : >'T#* *#S%*$#S
'N& #N=.*%NM#NT')
#N-.N##*.N-
#&.T.%N : M'2
)'! : #N=.*%NM#NT') #N-.N##*.N-
)'!%*'T%*+
*#=.S.%N N%: 52
#/P#*.M#NT : !.%$1#M.$') %/+-#N
&#M'N& ? !%&@
#00#$T.=# &'T# : 5383685A
'M#N&M#NT &'T#: 6583385A

J2. a@ State the Bormula to calculate
i@ seed correction
ii) !%&9 ?seeded@
b@ $alculate the seed correction and !%&9 ?seeded@ Bor the data giFen as below
BOD5 of S! M"#$%"& '5 ()*L
&ilution P3 m) oB seed material 6 m)
m) oB sample 355 m)
Start &.%. A.L mg8)
0inal &.%. 6.M mg8)

J;. a@ 25 m) oB wastewater are placed in a 255 m) !%& bottle. The sample is diluted to Bill the
bottle. The &% concentrations at the beginning and the end oB 9-day incubation period are
A.2 mg8) and 3.L mg8) respectiFely. >hat is the !%&N

b@ The !%&9 oB a wastewater was determined to be 695 mg8). .B the reaction coeBBicient
was 5.62 l8dC calculate i@ ultimate !%&C ii@ !%&2 and iii@ !%& remaining at 2 days
J9. a@ >hat is seeding process in !%& measurementN
b@ #Dplain preparation oB seed material.
c@ >hat materials can be used to seed a !%& sample
J4. >hat is the signiBicance oB dissolFed oDygen N
JA. a@ >ith regard to precisionC ten percent duplicate or replicate samples should be run. This
would result in one duplicate sample or one replicate sample being run eFery ten samples.
&iBBerentiate replicate and duplicate sample
b@ >hen are &% leFels at their highest and their lowest and whyN

!ench sheet
!.%$1#M.$') %/+-#N &#M'N& ? !%&@
&ate:
Time :
Analyst:
Sample Details:
Source:
p1
5
$
Pretreatment:
'lkalinity8'cidity
Sample =olume : __________m)
. N Nao1 : __________m)
. N N6S%;:__________m)
$omments:


Sample
Type
Sample
.&
=olume
Sample
? m)@
&ilution
0actor
.nitial &%
?mg8)@
0inal &%
? mg8)@
&%
&epletion
? mg8)@
!%&
?mg8)@
!%&
---
!lank
!%&
---
!lank
!%&
---
!lank
Average BOD
? show the calculation@
$ancelled &ata8 *esult:
!%&__ H
!%&__ H
!%&__ H