12/17/12

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Smart Grid and its Role in
Managing Efficient Power Systems

Keynote Lecture
18 December 2012
STEM Conf, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

Prof. Saifur Rahman

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12/17/12
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Source: www.sxc.hu
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ueslre Lo make Lhe grld smarLer, safer,
rellable and more cosL-eecuve uslng
advanced sensors, communlcauon
Lechnologles and dlsLrlbuLed compuung.
12/17/12
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ulerence 8eLween a normal Crld
And a SmarL Crld
normal hone SmarL hone
(c) Saifur Rahman
1ransluon from CenLral Lo ulsLrlbuLed
!
12/17/12
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7
!"#$%&$% (#$)*+#,- ./0 1"- 23-+10&+ 41&3&15
- Accordlng Lo unlLed SLaLes ueparLmenL of
Lnergy's modern grld lnluauve, an
lnLelllgenL or a smarL grld lnLegraLes
advanced senslng Lechnologles, conLrol
meLhods and lnLegraLed communlcauons
lnLo Lhe currenL elecLrlclLy grld.
8
12/17/12
5
Power Plant
Transmission
Distribution
Home
Business
End-use
Appliances
)%$+%&8: $8- 08- 34&8%' 49 $ )*$+% ,+&-
!"#$ &'('")*#" *# +',"-.'")*#"
;894+*$%&48 <45 &8 $ )*$+% ,+&-
A smarL grld wlll provlde a paLhway where
lnformauon abouL Lhe sLaLe of Lhe grld and
lLs componenLs can be exchanged qulckly
over large dlsLances. lL wlll Lhus faclllLaLe
eecuve lnLegrauon of new susLalnable
energy sources, such as wlnd, solar, o-
shore elecLrlclLy, eLc.
12/17/12
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01(2%+&2 345(+ = >4**?8&2$%&48
;89+$'%+?2%?+('
Central Generating
Station
Step-Up
Transformer
Distribution
Substation
Receiving
Station
Distribution
Substation
Distribution
Substation
Commercial
Industrial
Commercial
Gas
Turbine
Recip
Engine
Cogeneration
Recip
Engine
Fuel
cell
Micro-
turbine
Flywheel
Residential
Photo
voltaics
Batteries
Residential Data
Concentrator
Control Center
Data network Users
2. Information Infrastructure
1.Power Infrastructure
Source: EPRI 11
SmarL Crld
Source: Altalink, Alberta, Canada
12/17/12
7
6"#1 +#$ 1"- 78#01 90&) )/ ./0 :*;

- SmarL meLer ls [usL
Lhe beglnnlng of a
smarL grld
- 1wo-way
communlcauon
allows cusLomer
paruclpauon
12/17/12
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12/17/12
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1here are blgger problems
Lo solve uslng Lhe SmarL
Crld Lhan [usL remoLe
meLer readlng
1
8
AMR
Customer
Outage
Detection
Automated
Meter Reads
Theft ID
Remote
TFTN
Remote Meter
Programming
AMR Capability+
Load
Control
Price Signals
sent to Customer
New Rate Design
AMI
Smart Grid
AMI Capability+
Remote detection sensors
everywhere

Central and distributed analysis

Correction of disturbances
on the grid

Optimizes grid assets

Distribution Automation

Leverage data to understand
system performance better

Self Healing

Enable use of renewable resources

Enable electrification of transportation



Hourly
Remote
Meter
Reads
Customer
Voltage
Measurement
Source: EnerNex
12/17/12
10

Pow do we Lhen [usufy
Lhe lnvesLmenL ln
SmarL Crld?
- Servlce monlLorlng and recovery
- 8emoLe meLer readlng & bllllng
- uemand response appllcauon
- 1ransformer/SwlLchgear loadlng
- eak load reducuon
- 8enewables lnLegrauon

8eneLs of Lhe SmarL Crld
12/17/12
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Load uurauon Curve
uomlnlon vlrglnla ower (2010)
Peak load of
19,140 MW
Probability that peak
loads exceed
16,000 MW is only
5% of the time
3,140 MW or
16.5% of peak load
5% of the load occurs only 0.5% of the time
12/17/12
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3($@ 14$- $8- &%' -?+$%&48

- ln Lhe uS 20 of Lhe load happens 3 of
Lhe ume
- ln AusLralla 13 of Lhe load happens less
Lhan 1 of Lhe ume
- ln LgypL 13 of Lhe load happens 1 of
Lhe ume
- ln Saudl Arabla 3 of Lhe load happens
0.3 of Lhe ume


34%(8%&$1 )$7&8:' 9+4*
3($@ A4$- B(-?2%&48

uS has an lnsLalled generauon capaclLy of
1,000,000 megawaus

20 or 200,000 megawaus of generauon
capaclLy and assoclaLed Lransmlsslon and
dlsLrlbuuon asseLs are worLh over 300
bllllon dollars
12/17/12
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25


Saudl LlecLrlc Company 2009
SysLem Load
- Average summer uemand (!un-Sep) 31.9 CW
- Average non-summer demand 21.3 CW
5,000 MW
difference
between On
Peak and Off
Peak
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Weekly Average eak
Peak Increase by
83.5%
- LowesL average peak ls uecember 2009 (week 23)
- PlghesL average peak ls !uly 2010 (week 32)
12/17/12
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klngdom of Saudl Arabla
2011 eak Load by SecLor (CW)
+'/-0'(1)2
34&5 6789:
;#$$'"<-)2
=>4&5 6?@9:
&#A'"($'(*
7>B&5 6?39:
C(0D/*"-)2
8>3&5
6?89:
E.> )(0 F*G'"/
@>8&5 639:
+'/-0'(1)2
;#$$'"<-)2
&#A'"($'(*
C(0D/*"-)2
E.> )(0 F*G'"/
12/17/12
16
SecLor lnLenslLy
-
300.00
1,000.00
1,300.00
2,000.00
2,300.00
3,000.00
3,300.00
4,000.00
4,300.00
3,000.00
3,300.00
CovernmenLal lndusLrlal
H
5
G
I
;
D
/
*
#
$
'
"

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
-
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
30.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
H
5
G
I
;
D
/
*
#
$
'
"

2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
12/17/12
17

Pow do we conLrol Lhe
load wlLhouL cusLomer
lnconvenlence?
Demand Response is a customer action to control load
to meet a certain target. Here the customer chooses
what load to control and for how long.

This is different from DSM where the load is controlled
by the electric utility and the customer has no control
beyond the initial consent.


Demand Response
A broader definition
12/17/12
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Demand Response


Load Control at the customer level can provide
significant short term load reduction

It is a cheaper option to serve a part of the peak
load

How to incentivize the customer?
35
The proposed DR scheme
! Offers customers flexible participation in DR program
! Is an intelligent program, i.e. at any time the system operator
knows with certainty how much load reduction can be achieved
(active two-way communication with customers)
! Lets customers control their end-use appliances according to their
need (except under grid emergency situations)
! Encourages customer participation by enabling automatic in-home
power consumption management, along with real-time pricing and
power-use information display/alert
Flexible demand response scheme:
Customer choice VT Model
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Home Management System:

! Is an intelligent device that manages power
consumption of end-use appliances at the
customer property (house, building)
! Has a two-way communication capability
! Is equipped with certain sensor and control
devices
! Has an user-friendly interface (a display and
input options)
An overview of
Home Management System (HMS)

HMS operation aims to meet three objectives:
! To ensure the end users comfort
! To achieve a target load saving and ensure
effective operation of the controlled appliances
! To minimize end user discomfort during grid
emergency

Requirements of HMS operation
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Home Area Network
ZigBee HAN
Digital Home Design Line
http://www.digitalhomedesignline.com/
212200388%3Bjsessionid=4NSYMR40EYQKKQSNDLRCKH0CJUNN
2JVN?printableArticle=true
ZigBee Network Connections
Venture Beat
http://venturebeat.com/2009/04/07/ember-lands-8m-for-a-hefty-slice-
of-the-smart-grid/
4-phase scheme: Grid " Substation " Customer
" End-use equipment control by HMS
Summary
Flexible demand response scheme
Substations
GRID
OPERATOR
Customers Customers
Smart meter
Home Management
System (HMS)
Water heater
Home Management System
(HMS)
Dryer
HVAC
PHEV
Wireless
communication
Optimized
power-use
Flexible DR
Customer
full control &
comfort
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AggregaLed ClrculL Load
Residential: - 780 customers
- 200 EVs
Quick charge: 240V/15A
Normal charge: 120V/15A
42
leeder Load roles wlLh uemand 8esponse
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SmarL Crld lnformauon Clearlnghouse
www.sglclearlnghouse.org
44
)*$+% ,+&- 3+4C(2%'D 3+4C(2% 6$E
204 projects total
44
www.Sgiclearinghouse.org
12/17/12
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45
FG)G )*$+% ,+&- 3+4C(2%' HI >$%(:4+I
Advanced
MeLerlng
lnfrasLrucLure
(AMl)
40
CusLomer SysLems
(CS)
4
ulsLrlbuuon
SysLems (uS)
7
LqulpmenL
ManufacLurlng
(LM)
1
lnLegraLed/
Crosscumng
sysLems (lS)
27
1ransmlsslon
SysLems (1S)
3
8eglonal
uemonsLrauon
(8u)
8
SLorage
uemonsLrauon
(Su)
8
AMI: installation of smart meters to allow the
use of real-time pricing, demand response,
load management, and more.

CS: enabling smart grid functions to equipment
and/or software applications at the customer
level.

DS: adding smart grid functions to devices,
equipment, and/or software applications in
electric distribution systems.

EM: production of smart grid equipment,
software, or communications and control
systems that can enable smart grid functions.

IS: adding smart grid functions to multiple
portions of the electric system, which include
AMI, equipment manufacturing, customer
systems, distribution systems and transmission
systems.

TS: adding smart grid functions to devices,
equipment, and/or software applications in
electric transmission systems.

RD: demonstrating smart grid functions at a
regional level.

SD: demonstrating grid-scale energy storage
systems.
46
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FG)G )*$+% ,+&- 3+4C(2%' HI )%$%(
As of SepLember 2011
More lnformauon: www.sglclearlnghouse.org/ro[ecLMap
12/17/12
24
J?&1-&8: J142@' 49 %#( )*$+% ,+&-
Saifur Rahman
WhaL wlll lL Lake Lo make lL posslble?




Intelligence
Two-way communication
Real-time monitoring & control

But, we have some ways to go

48
12/17/12
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WhaL are Lhe challenges?
- undersLandlng Lhe dlerence beLween cosL and value
- ollucal wlll Lo lnLroduce dynamlc & ume-of-use raLes
- LqulpmenL lnLeroperablllLy sLandards
- AvallablllLy of appllances and devlces
- CusLomer educauon and wllllngness Lo accepL change
- SmarL grld wlll noL be cheap, buL lL wlll provlde greaLer
value and cosL savlngs ln Lhe fuLure
Pow ls Lhe SmarL Crld Lnglneered
Source: EPRI
12/17/12
26
/#$8@ I4?
Prof. Saifur Rahman
www.saifurrahman.org