Key2WIN Tuition Centre C4 The Variety of Resources on

Earth
4.1 The Various Resources on Earth
1. The Earth provides us with any usefu! resources. " resource is soethin#
which we need and use.
2. Water$ air$ soi! and !ivin# or#aniss are four iportant %asic resources. These
sustain p!ants$ ania!s and huan %ein#s.
&. 'inera!s and fossi! fue!s are the two iportant resources on Earth used in
everyday !ife.
Water
1. Water is a very iportant %asic resource.
2. (!ants$ ania!s and huan %ein#s need water to !ive and #row.
&. It is %e!ieved that !ife on Earth %e#an in the sea.
4. Water covers near!y )*+ of the Earth,s surface.
-. .a/ The %odies of ost !ivin# or#aniss contain a hi#h percenta#e of water.
.%/ "%out 0*+ to 1-+ of the %ody wei#ht of !ivin# or#aniss is ade up of water.
Iportance of water to 2uan 3ein#s and "nia!s
1. Water disso!ves and transports di#ested food to a!! parts of the %ody. Water a!so
he!ps to transport o4y#en. 3!ood is ade up ost!y of water.
2. Water is iportant in excretion. Water dissolves and gets rid of waste
materials and excretory products from the body.
&. Water controls body temperature. Excess heat is removed through the
evaporation of sweat.
4. Water 5eeps the !un#s oist. This is necessary for the exchange of gases
which takes place during breathing.
-. Water di!utes %!ood so that it can 6ow to a!! parts of the %ody.
6. Amoeba, earthworms and leeches are invertebrates. Water supports and
maintains the body shape of invertebrates. Water also helps invertebrates to move.
(repared 3y 7ooi Kee Win (a#e 1
Key2WIN Tuition Centre C4 The Variety of Resources on
Earth
Water is needed for daily activities. Examples of these activities are cooking,
washing, drinking, transport, mining, generating electric power, cooling engines,
putting out fres and recreation.
). Without water a person wi!! die of dehydration.
Iportance of Water To p!ants
1. the germination of seeds
2. he!pin# p!ant ce!!s to 5eep their shape
&. coo!in# p!ants throu#h the process of transpiration
4. disso!vin# and transportin# inera! sa!ts fro the roots to other parts of the
p!ant photosynthesis
-. support of a8uatic p!ants
"ir
1. "ir is a i4ture of #ases. "ir consists of nitro#en$ o4y#en$ car%on dio4ide$ rare
#ases and water vapour.
. !itrogen is used in the manufacture of ammonia and nitric acid. Ammonia and
nitric acid are used to manufacture fertilisers, nylon and explosives.
&. 94y#en is needed for respiration. :urin# respiration o4y#en is used to o4idise
food. This process re!eases ener#y$ which is needed to carry out activities to stay
a!ive.
4. 94y#en is a!so needed for co%ustion. (etro! and coo5in# #as are fue!s. ;ue!s
wi!! not %urn without o4y#en. 94yacety!ene 6ae is used for we!din#.
-. ;ue! co%ustion a5es it possi%!e for us to coo5 food$ %oi! water$ run our
vehic!es and operate achines.
0. Carbon dioxide is used for photosynthesis in plants. (hotosynthesis
ena%!es p!ants to a5e food. 94y#en is re!eased durin# photosynthesis.
). Therefore$ photosynthesis is iportant in aintainin# the o4y#en and car%on
dio4ide !eve!s in air.
"ir Cyc!e
(repared 3y 7ooi Kee Win (a#e 2
Key2WIN Tuition Centre C4 The Variety of Resources on
Earth
<oi!
1. Soil is made up of small bits of rocks and decayed organisms.
2. <oi! contains water$ air$ and inera! sa!ts. "!! these are iportant to 5eep
or#aniss a!ive.
&. <oi! is a ha%itat for any p!ants and ania!s.
4. (!ants #et water fro soi! throu#h their roots.
-. "ir in the soi! is needed for respiration of root cells and organisms living in
the soil.
6. umus is an organic substance. !t is formed from decaying plants and
animals. umus fertili"es soil. umus is also a source of food for soil
organisms.
). 'inera! sa!ts disso!ve in water in the soi!.
These are a%sor%ed %y p!ant roots. 'inera! sa!ts are necessary for p!ant to #row
we!!. E4ap!es of inera! sa!ts are phosphate$ nitrates$ ca!ciu$ a#nesiu and
potassiu.
=. <oi! is needed for the foration of fuels such as petroleum# natural gas
and coal.
1. 2uan %ein#s use soi! for any purposes such as
the construction of %ui!din#s$
"#ricu!ture$
a5in# ceraics$ #!ass$ ceent and %ric5s$
inin# eta!s$ inera! sa!ts and cheica! su%stances.
'inera!s
1. Various metals can be obtained in their natural state or from minerals
found on earth.
2. 7o!d$ p!atinu$ ercury and si!ver which are found in the natura! state are
ade into products which we use in everyday !ife. <oe are even used to a5e
e4pensive ornaents
&. ;or e4ap!e ercury is used as a so!vent for any eta!s and for coatin#
(repared 3y 7ooi Kee Win (a#e &
Key2WIN Tuition Centre C4 The Variety of Resources on
Earth
irrors. The theroeters used in the science !a%oratory contain ercury.
4. <i!ver is used in ,the preparation of cheica!s !i5e ar#entu nitrate and
cheica!s used in photo#raphy. It is a!so used to a5e decorative ites.
-. <oe usefu! e4tracts fro inera!s inc!ude copper and iron.
0. Copper which is e4tracted fro copper ore is a #ood conductor of heat and
e!ectricity. It is used to a5e coo5in# utensi!s and e!ectrica! wirin#.
). Iron which is e4tracted fro iron ore is a!so used wide!y. Iron coated with tin$
another eta! fro its ore$ is used to a5e containers for food. "!!oy of iron !i5e
stee! is used in the construction of %ui!din#s and %rid#es.
;ossi! ;ue!s
1. $ossil fuels are fuels formed over millions of years a#o fro the reains
of ania!s and p!ants.
2. They are usua!!y deposited %e!ow the Earth,s surface.
%. &atural gas# petroleum and coal are examples of fossil fuels.
4. ;ossi! fue!s are wide!y used in #eneratin# e!ectricity and as fue! for otor
vehic!es.
-. Co5e fro coa! is used in %!ast furnaces for e4tractin# eta!s.
0. (!astics$ aonia$ su!phur and wa4 are ad soe of the usefu! products fro
fossi! fue!s.
). (!astics are used to a5e pipes$ toys$ coputer discs$ caeras$ te!evisions$
cups$ %ow!s and any other thin#s you can >nd in your house.
(!ants and "nia!s
1. (!ants and ania!s are !ivin# or#aniss. These or#aniss are %asic resources
for huan %ein#s. They provide us with food$ c!othes$ %ui!din# ateria!s$ and fue!
2. 2uan %ein#s need food to o%tain ener#y.
&. This ener#y is needed to do wor5$ to #row and to aintain hea!th.
;ood <ources
(repared 3y 7ooi Kee Win (a#e 4
Key2WIN Tuition Centre C4 The Variety of Resources on
Earth
4. We need clothes to keep warm.
-. C!othes protect us fro co!d weather and rain.
0. We need building materials for buildings# and for making tools and
furniture.
). We need fuel for cooking# to keep us warm# supply electricity to run our
vehicles and work machines.
E4ercise 4.1
". !ame the important basic resources needed to support life.
2. <tate four ain uses of p!ants and ania!s.
&. <tate two #ases found in air. E4p!ain their iportance.
4. <tate three uses of water in the huan %ody.
(repared 3y 7ooi Kee Win (a#e -