EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides

UNIT-I
FILTERS
1. A constant-K T-section high pass filter has a cutoff frequenc of 1! K"#. The
$esign i%pe$ance is &!! oh%s. 'eter%ine the (alue of L.
)No(*'ec +!1!, -a*.une +!1/R01
2i(en3
R4 5 &!! oh%s 6 fc 51! K"#
For%ula for L5 R4*7 fc
5 &!!*))7 )x10x10
3
)
5 7.887 % "
+. 9hat are the a$(antages of an % $eri(e$ filter: )No(*'ec +!1!, R01
A$(antages3
To achieve a better match of the fiter into the terminatin! im"edances#
There is a ra"id transition from the cut$off fre%uenc& of the "ass band to a
"oe of attenuation 'ust inside the sto" band#
(ttenuation rises near the cut off fre%uenc& and its so"e is ad'ustabe b&
var&in! f;
'ra<=ac4 3 m$t&"es have "oor sto" band re'ection# )or this reason* fiters desi!ned
usin! m$t&"e sections are often desi!ned as com"osite fiters +ith a mixture of ,$t&"e and
m$t&"e sections and different vaues of m at different "oints to !et the o"timum
"erformance from both t&"es#
/. 'efine net<or4
(n eectrica net+or, is defined as a combination of a number of eectrica
eements the im"edances of +hich ma& be um"ed or distributed or both and +hich are
connected in an& manner* conductive&* inductive& or ca"acitive#
7. 9hat is passi(e an$ acti(e net<or4 <ith e>a%ples:
( net+or, is said to be "assive if it contains no sources of ener!& and active +hen
-t contains sources of ener!&# E!# .esistance* -nductance/ E!# 0ota!e sources* Current
1ource* 2ro"er& biased Transistors
?. 9hat is %eant = linear an$ non linear ele%ent:
-n an eectric circuit* a linear ele%ent is an eectrica eement +ith a inear
reationshi" bet+een current and vota!e# .esistors are the most common linear ele%ent.
-n an eectric circuit* a nonlinear ele%ent or nonlinear device is an eectrica eement
+ith a no inear reationshi" bet+een the current and vota!es#
1
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
&. 9hat is %eant = %atching net<or4:
When !enerator and oad im"edance are une%ua* matchin! net+or,s are used at
radio fre%uencies to minimi3e refections and to "roduce a !ood transfer of "o+er#
8. 'efine unilateral ele%ent an$ =ilateral ele%ent
-f the ma!nitude of the current "assin! throu!h an eement is affected due to
chan!e in the "oarit& of the a""ied* the eement is caed uniatera eement# 4n the
other hand if the current ma!nitude remains the same even if the a""ied e#m#f "oarit& is
chan!ed* it is caed a biatera eement#
0. 9hat is the =alance$ an$ un=alance$ net<or4:
When an unbaanced transmission ine is connected to a baanced antenna
5coaxia ine to a di"oe* for exam"e)* extraneous currents run aon! the outer surface of
the transmission ine# 1o* even thou!h the im"edances are the same* these extraneous
currents can cause un+anted radiation# This radiation can be minimi3ed b& the use of a
6aanced$to$unbaanced net+or,#
( 6aanced$to$unbaanced net+or, is "aced bet+een the antenna and the antenna
feeder
@. 'efine attenuators an$ filters
(ttenuators are desi!ned to reduce the "o+er eve from in"ut to out"ut* the&
consist of on& resistors and the& attenuate b& the same amount +hatever be the
fre%uenc&#
)iter in fact is a seective net+or, as it "asses free& some fre%uenc& bands and heavi&
attenuates other# )iters are %uite common in muti"exed e%ui"ments +ith fre%uenc&
division muti"ex#
1!. 9rite the use of the equali#ers
E%uai3ers as the name im"ies is a corrective net+or, and is com"imentar& in
nature to the transmission ine# This is necessar& to void distortion of the si!na# Their
"ractica a""ication is 1#in disc recordin! e%ui"ment 2#in tone contro of the radio
receiver#
11. 'efine characteristics i%pe$ance
-f an infinite number of identica s&mmetrica net+or,s are connected one after
another# The im"edance that* +hen connected to the out"ut terminas of a transmission#
1+. 'efine propagation constant:) No(*'ec +!1+,-a*Aune +!1/1
The ratio is a vector %uantit&* it is convenient to +rite it e%ua to "789':* +here "
is caed "ro"a!ation constant#
2
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
1/. 9hat is i%age i%pe$ance:
-ma!e im"edances of a net+or, are defined as the im"edances +hich
simutaneous& terminate each "air of terminas of a net+or, in such a +a& that at each
"air of terminas the im"edances in both directions are e%ua#
17. 9hat is iterati(e i%pe$ance;
-terative im"edance ma& be defined as the im"edance +hich +i terminate the
other "air of terminas in such a +a& that the im"edance measured at the first "air of
terminas is e%ua to the terminatin! im"edance
1?. 9hat is insertion loss:
-f a net+or, or a ine is inserted bet+een a !enerator and oad there +i be a
reduction in the "o+er received in the oad and the oad current +i be decreased# The
oss "roduced b& the insertion of the net+or, or ine is referred to as insertion oss
1&. 9hat is s%%etrical net<or4:
( s&mmetrica net+or, is one in +hich the eectrica "ro"erties are unaffected b&
interchan!in! the in"ut and out"ut terminas* other+ise it is as&mmetrica# That is if t+o
series arms of a T net+or, or shunt arms of net+or, are e%ua#
18. 9hat is recurrent net<or4:
When a ar!e circuit consists of simiar net+or, connected one after another* the
net+or, is said to be recurrent net+or,
1<#1tate the si!inificance of cr&sta fiters in communication s&stem#
BART-C DUESTIENS
1#)i1 'esign a %-$eri(e$ T-section lo< pass filter ha(ing a cutoff frequenc )fc1 of
?!!! "# an$ a $esign i%pe$ance of &!! oh%s. The frequenc of infinite fc.
attenuation is 1.+? L5 /)01 FNo(*'ec +!1!,R0G
)ii1'ra< an$ e>plain the operation of crstal filters. )01
+.)i1 'esign a constant-K T-section =an$ pass filter <ith cutoff frequencies of 1 K"#
an$ 7 K"#. The $esign i%pe$ance is &!! oh%s.

)ii1 'ra< a constant-K T-section =an$ eli%ination filter an$ e>plain the
operation <ith necessar $esign equations. FNo(*'ec +!1!,R0G
/.E=tain an e>pression for the iterati(e an$ i%age i%pe$ance of an as%%etrical T-
net<or4
7.If the net<or4 is s%%etrical, pro(e that its i%age i%pe$ance is equal to the
iterati(e i%pe$ance an$ i%age transfer constant is equal to propagation constant
?.An L tpe i%pe$ance %atching net<or4 is to operate into a 8!!oh%s loa$
resistance The R.F source <ith internal resistance of ?!!oh%s at 1-"# fee$s the
3
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
loa$ through the net<or4 .'esign the net<or4 = o=taining its ele%ent.
&. E>palin the lattice tpe of net<or4 .Halculate the input i%pe$ance in ter%s of
I1,I+ an$ I/

8.A J section consists of the follo<ing ele%ents First shunt a$%ittance 5?!% -hoK
Series a$%ittance 5+!%Eh%K secon$ shunt a$%ittance 57!% -hoK .Halculate the
iterati(e an$ i%age i%pe$ance of net<or4

0.E>plain the nee$ of i%pe$ance %atching net<or4s. "o< it can =e achie(e$ <ith a
T-%atching net<or4

@.Sho< that the i%age i%pe$ances of an L-section net<or4 appear at that of a section
correspon$ing s%%etrical T-section loo4ing in one $irection an$ as a as%%etrical
T loo4ing in the other.

1!.'eri(e an e>pression for the characteristic i%pe$ance an$ propagation constant for
a s%%etrical net<or4 T an$ J Net<or4.)-a*.une1/1
11. 9rite the relation =et<een $eci=el an$ neper.)71)-a*.une1/1
1+. E=tain the $esign equation for %-$eri(e$ =an$ pass an$ =an$ eli%ination
filters.)-a*.une1/1
1/. 'esign T an$ J section lo< pass filter <hich has series in$uctance 0! %" an$
Shunt capacitance !.!++Lf.Fin$ the cut off frequenc an$ $esign i%pe$ance.
17. 9hat are the a$(antages of % $eri(e$ filter:'esign an % $eri(e$ lo< pass filter )T
an$ Jsection1 ha(ing $esign resistance Ro5?!! oh%s,cutoff frequenc fc51?!!"# an$
infinite attenuation frequenc f;5+!!!"#


UNIT-II3 TRANS-ISSIEN LINE BARA-ETER
1# 'efine $ela $istortion.)or1 9hat is Bhase $istortion:
=
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
FNo(-+!1!,R0,No(-+!!@,Apr+!!0, -a-+!!8,-a-+!!&G
-t is that t&"e of distortion in +hich the time re%uired to transmit the various
fre%uenc& com"onents over the ine and the conse%uent dea& is not a constant# That is*
+hen 0" the "hase veocit& is inde"endent of fre%uenc&* dea& distortion does not exist
on ines# 1ince 0" 7 >*it +i be inde"endent of fre%uenc& on& +hen is not a
constant muti"ied b& #This t&"e of distortion is aso ,no+n as "hase distortion#
2# 9rite the e>pressions for the phase constant an$ (elocit of propagation for
telephone ca=le# FNo(-+!1!,R0G
Ans3 The ex"ression for "hase constant is 7 .C>2
The ex"ression for veocit& of "ro"a!ation is 0" 7 2> .C
3# 'efine characteristics i%pe$ance of a trans%ission line FApr-+!1!,No(-+!!&,-a*.une
+!1/G
Hharacteristic im"edance of a uniform transmission ine ma& be defined as
the stead& state vector ratio of the vota!e to the circuit at the in"ut of an
infinite ine
=# 9hat is the (alue of I! for the $issipationlessline: F-a-+!!@G
(ns? @0 dissi"ationessine is @0 7 5L > C)
5# 'efine propagation constant of a trans%ission line
FNo(-+!!8,-a-+!!@Apr-+!1!G
The "ro"a!ation constant "er unit en!th of a uniform ine ma& be defined as the
natura o!arithm of the stead& state vector ratio of the current or vota!e at an& "oint
to that at a "oint unit distance further from the source*+hen the ine is infinite&
on!#Therefore* "ro"a!ation constant 7 o!e 5-1>-2)
7 o!e 501>02)
A# State the con$ition for $istortionlessline. F-a-+!!@G
(ns?8 is inde"endent of B and : is a constant muti"ied b& B#This is condition for
distortionessine#
C# Fin$ the attenuation an$ phase constant of a <a(e propagating along the
line <hose propagation constant is 1.!70>1!
-7
angle of 00.0 $egreeFNo(-+!!0G
Ans? D 78 9 '71#0=<x10
$=
an!e of <<#< de!ree
8 7 1#0=<x10
$=
cos <<#< 72#1Ex10
$A
ne"er
7 1#0=<x10
$=
sin <<#< 71#051Ex10
$=
radian
<# Fin$ the reflection coefficient of a ?! oh%s trans%ission line <hen it is
ter%inate$ = a loa$ i%pe$ance of &!MA7! oh%s FApr-+!!0G
Ans3 @0 7 50 @.7A0 9 '=0
F 7 G@.$@4H > G@.9@0H
5
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
7GA0 9 '=0$50 H > GA0 9 '=0950H 7 G109'=0H >G1109'=0H
70#352 an!e of55#E<
E# 9rite $o<n the pri%ar an$ secon$ar constants for the lines of #ero
'issipation)or19rite the e>pression for the characteristic i%pe$ance an$ propagation
constant for a line of #ero $issipation FApr-+!!0,No(-+!!/G
The ine "arameterL and C are termed as "rimar& constant for the ines of 3ero dissi"ations#
@0 7 5L>C) and D 7 'B LC are termed as secondar& constants for the ines of 3ero
dissi"ation#
10# 'efine <a(elength )or1Criefl $iscuss the $ifference =et<een <a(elength an$
perio$ of a sine <a(e FNo(-+!!0,No(-+!!8G
-t is defined as the distance that a +ave traves aon! a ine inorder that the tota
shift is + radians#-t is denoted b& #-ts unit is meter# 7 + * 75+ >)

11# 'efine reflection loss of a trans%ission line
FApr+!!0, No(-+!!&, -a-+!!&,No(-+!!/G
Reflection loss3
The refection oss is defined as the number of ne"ers or decibes b& +hich the current in the
oad under ima!e matched condition +oud exceed the current actua& fo+in! in the oad#
Thus the refection oss invoves the reci"roca of refection factor
12# 9hat is frequenc $istortion: F-a-+!!8,Apr +!!0G
-t is that t&"e of distortion in +hich the various fre%uenc& com"onents of the si!na
under!oes different attenuation# This is* +hen the attenuation constant is not a function of
the fre%uenc&* fre%uenc& distortion does not exist on transmission ines
13# 'efine reflection coefficient FNo(-+!!8G
.efection coefficient is defined as the ratio of the refected vota!e at oad to
the incident vota!e at oad# .efection coefficient F 7 G@.$@4H > G@.9@0H
1=# A ?! oh% line is ter%inate$ in loa$ IR5@! M A&! oh%s. 'eter%ine the
reflection Hoefficient FNo(-+!!8G
Ans3 @0 7 50 @.7E0 9 'A0
F 7 G@.$@4H > G@.9@0H
7GE0 9 'A0$50 H > GE0 9 'A0950H 7 G=09'A0H >G1=09'A0H
70#=C3an!e of C5#EA
15# Halculate the characteristic i%pe$ance of a trans%ission line if the follo<ing
%easure%ents ha(e =een %a$e on the line I!c5??! angle of -&! $egree oh%s an$
Isc5?!! angle of /! $egree oh%s FNo(-+!!8G
Ans3 @07 @0c I @sc 7 550 an!e of $A0 x500 an!e of 30
7 52=#=0= an!e of $15 de!ree
A
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
1A# Halculate the loa$ reflection coefficient of an open an$ short circuite$ line
F-a-+!!8G
.efection coefficient F 7 G@.$@4H > G@.9@0H
5i)# .efection coefficient of an short circuited ines* @. 70
That is F7 G0$@4H > G09@0H 7 $@4 > @0 7 $1
5ii).efection coefficient of an short circuited ines* @. 7 infinite*
That is F7 @. G1$5@4> @.) H > @. G195@4> @.) H 7 1
1C# "o< %uch in$uctance loa$ing is require$ to %a4e a 1& gauge ca=le
$istortionless:The line para%eters are R57+,1 oh%s*4%,251.? %icro
%hos*4%,c5!.!&+ %icro fara$*4% an$ L51%h*4% FNo(-+!!&G
Ans3 G.>LH 7G=2#1>1x10
$3
H 7 =2#1x10
3

GG>LH 7 G1#5x 10
$A
H > G0#0A2x10
$A
H 7 0#02=2x10
3
G.>LH JJGG>CH
1<# 2i(e the analtical e>pression for input i%pe$ance of a $issipationless line
F-a-+!!&G
The in"ut im"edance of a dissi"ationess ine is
@s7 GEs>-sH 7 G@. 9 '.0 tan:sH > G@0 9 '@.tan:sH
1E# ( 50 ohm co axia cabe feeds a C59'20 ohm di"oe antenna#)ind refection coefficient and
1tandin! Wave ratio
20# 'efine S9R)-a*.une +!1/1.
The ratio of maximum to minimum ma!nitudes of vota!e or current on ine havin! standin!
+aves is caed standin! +ave ratio#

2(.T$6
1. 'ra< the L-tpe equi(alent circuit %o$el of a t<o N con$uctor trans%ission line
an$ $eri(e the trans%ission line equations. FApr-+!1!,R0G
+. )i1.'iscuss the reflection Hoefficient of $ifferent tpes of trans%ission lines.
)ii1.A trans%ission line operating at 1!
&
ra$*s has O50 $C*%, P51 ra$*% an$
#!5&!MA7!Q, an$ is + %eter long. If the line is connecte$ to a source of 1! !
!
R,
#g57!Q an$ ter%inate$ = a loa$ of +!MA?!Q, $eter%ine the current at the %i$$le of
the line. FApr-+!1!,R0G
/. )i1 'escri=e the application quarter <a(e line FABR +!1!G
)ii1 A lossless &!oh% trans%ission line ter%inate$ = a &!MA&! oh% loa$. Fin$ the
reflection coefficient an$ stan$ing <a(e ratio. If the input i%pe$ance Iin 5 1+!-A&!
C
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
oh%, ho< for )in ter%s of <a(elengths1 is the loa$ fro% the generator. Sol(e this
using S-IT" chart.

7. A ?! oh% lossless line is to =e %atche$ <ith a RF loa$ of IL 5 )+?MA+?1oh% at /!! -
"I using single shorte$ stu=. Halculate the stu= length, $istance =et<een the RF
loa$ an$ stu= using S-IT" chart. FABR +!1!G
?. a. 'efine propagation constant an$ characteristic i%pe$ance
=. E=tain the general solution of the trans%ission line an$ state its phsical
significance)or1 'e(elop the $ifferential equations go(erning the (oltage an$
current at an point on a trans%ission line sol(e these to o=tain the (oltage an$
current in ter%s of the loa$ current an$ (oltage.)or1 'eri(e the trans%ission
line equation an$ o=tain the solution of it.
FNo(-+!!@,No(-+!!0, Apr+!!0, No(-+!!&, No(-+!!?,No(-+!!/G
&. 'eri(e the equations of attenuation constant an$ phase constant of a
trans%ission line in ter%s of R,L,2 an$ HFNo(-+!!@,Apr+!!0, No(-+!!?G
8. The constants of a trans%ission line are R5& oh%s*4%, L5+.+ %"*4%,
H5!.!!?>1!
-&
F*4% an$ 25!.+?>1!
-&
%=os*4%. 'eter%ine the characteristic
i%pe$ance an$ propagation constant at 1!!! "#. FNo(-+!!@G
0. A line has the follo<ing pri%ar constants
R51!!Q*4% L5!.!!1"*4%
251.? S U *4% H5!.!&+ S F*4%
Fin$ the characteristic i%pe$ance an$ the propagation constant. F-a-+!!@G
@. A generator of 1 R, 1 4"# supplies po<er to a 1!! 4% trans%ission line
ter%inate$ in +!! Q resistance. The line para%eters are R51!Q*4%,
L5/.0%"*4%, 251 S F*4%, H5!.!!0? S F*4%. F-a-+!!@G
1!. a.E>plain the $ifferent tpes of $istortions in a trans%ission lines an$ also 'eri(e
the con$ition for a $issipation less line
FNo(-+!!0G FApr-+!!0, Apr-+!!7G
=. A trans%ission line + %iles long operates at 1!4h# an$ has para%eters
R 5 /! oh%s*%iles ,H5 0!nF*%ile,L5+.+ %"*%ile an$ 25+! n(*%ile.Fin$ the
characteristic i%pe$ance ,propagation constant ,attenuation an$ phase shift
per %ile
11. The characteristic i%pe$ance of a 0!?% long trans%i$ssion line is @7 angle of -+/.+
$egree oh%,the attenuation constant is 87.?>1!
-&
Np*% an$ the phase shift constant
is 187>1!-& ra$*% at ?4h#.Halculate the line para%eters R,L,2 an$ H per %eter
an$ phase (elocit on the line. FNo(-+!!0G
1+. 'eri(e the equations for input i%pe$ance of trans%ission lines.
<
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
FApr-+!!0,No(-+!!8G F-a-+!!&G
1/. )i1A parallel <ire trans%ission line is ha(ing the follo<ing line para%eters at
?4"#.Series resistance )R5+.?@T1!
-/
oh%s *%1,series in$uctance)L5+ %icro
henr*%1,shunt con$uctance)25! %hos*%1 an$ capacitance =et<een
con$uctors)c5?.?& pF*%1.Fin$ the characteristic i%pe$ance, attenuation
constant) Np*%1,phase shift constant) ra$*%1,(elocit of propagation an$
<a(elength
)ii1A + %eter long trans%ission line <ith characteristic i%pe$ance of &!MA7! oh%s is
operate$ at)1 1!
&
ra$*sec has attenuation constant of !.@+1 Np*% an$ phase shift
constant of ! ra$*%. If the line is ter%inate$ = a loa$ of +!MA?! oh%s, $eter%ine
the input i%pe$ance of this line FApr-+!!0G
17. An open <ire trans%ission line has R5 1! oh%s per 4%, L5!.!!/8 "enr per 4%,
25!.7 > 1!
-&
%hos per 4% an$ H5!.!!0/> 1!
-&
Fara$ per 4%. 'eter%ine the
characteristic i%pe$ance an$ propagation constant. Assu%e frequenc as
1!!!"# FApr-+!!0G
1?. A ca=le has the para%eters3 FNo(-+!!8G
R5 70.8? oh%s *4%, L51.!@ %"*4%, 25/0.8? > 1!
-&
%ho*4% an$ H5!.!?@
%icrofara$*4%. 'eter%ine the characteristic i%pe$ance, propagation constant an$
<a(elength for a source of f51&!!"# an$ Es 51.! (olts
1&. )i1A ca=le has =een unifor%l loa$e$ = an in$uctance such that
UlVVR. Assu%ing lea4age con$uctance to =e nil, $e$uce an e>pression for
attenuation an$ phase constant <ithout neglecting R.
)ii1A trans%ission line has the follo<ing para%eters per 4%
R5 1? oh%s, L51 %" an$ 251 > 1!
-&
%ho. Fin$ the a$$itional in$uctance to
gi(e $istortionless trans%ission. Halculate attenuation an$ phase constant for
the loa$e$ line FNo(-+!!8G
18. )i1A trans%ission line operate$ at ?!!-"# has I!5 0! oh%s, O 5!.!7
Nep*%, P 51.? ra$*%. Fin$ the line para%eters series resistance, series
in$uctance, shunt con$uctance an$ capacitance =et<een con$uctor

)ii1 A 'ISTERTIEN LESS trans%ission line has attenuation constant ,1?>1!-/
neper*% an$ capacitance of !.1nf*%.The characteristic i%pe$ance W )L*H1 5?!
oh%s. Fin$ the resistance, in$uctance an$ con$uctance per %eter of the line.
F-a-+!!8G
10. )i1'ra< an$ e>plain rotating (oltage phasor sste%s for inci$ent an$ reflecte$
<a(es for an open circuit ter%ination
E
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
)ii1 9rite a =rief note on reflection coefficient an$ its effect an (oltage an$
current equations in trans%ission lines F-a-+!!8G
1@. )i1'iscuss in $etail a=out in$uctance loa$ing of telephone ca=les an$ $eri(e the
attenuation constant, phase constant an$ (elocit of signal trans%ission for the
unifor%l loa$e$ ca=le
)ii1 E>plain in $etail a=out the reflection on a line not ter%inate$ in its
characteristic i%pe$ance I! F-a-+!!8,-a1/G
+!. E>plain the follo<ing ter%s3
i. Reflection on trans%ission lines ii. Reflection coefficient
FNo(-+!!&, No(-+!!7 G
+1. A telephone ca=le &7 4% long has a resistance of 1/ oh%s*4% an$ a capacitance of
!.!!0 %icro fara$*4%. Halculate the attenuation constant, (elocit an$ <a(elength
of the line at 1!!!"#. FNo(-+!!&G
++. E>plain the phsical significance of the trans%ission line general solution
equation $eri(e$ for E an$ I inter%s of Er an$ Ir F-a-+!!&G
+/.E>plain in $etail 9a(efor% $istortion an$ also $eri(e the con$ition for
$istortionless line. F-a-+!1/G
+7.A ca=le has the follo<ing para%eters3R570.8?oh%*4%,L51.!@%"*4%,25/0.8?L
%ho*4%,c5!.!?@ L F*4%.'eter%ine the characteristic i%pe$ance,propagation
constant an$ 9a(elength for a source of f51&!!"# an$ Es51(.)-a 1/1
+?.'eri(e the e>pressions for (oltage an$ current along a parallel <ire trans%ission line
an$ o=tain its solution. )-a 1/1

UNIT-III3 T"E LINE AT RA'IE FREDUENHX
1. 9rite the e>pressions for the input i%pe$ance of open an$ short circuite$
$issipationless line. FNo(-+!1!,R0,-a+!!8,No(-+!!7G
10
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
(ns? )or a short circuited ine @. 70 *so that @1C 7 '.0 tan:s
)or a o"en circuited ine @. 7 infinite *so that @oC 7 $'.0 cot:s
+. A lossless line has a characteristic i%pe$ance of 7!! oh%s. 'eter%ine the
stan$ing <a(e ratio if the recei(ing en$ i%pe$ance is 0!! MA !.! oh%s.
FNo(-+!1!,R0G
Ans3 1W. 7 G 19 K FK H > G 1$ K FK H
Where F 7 G@.$@4H > G@.9@0H
7G<00$=00H>G<009=00H
7 G=00>1200H 70#339'0
1W. 7 G 19 K FK H > G 1$ K FK H7 G 19 K 0#33K H > G 1$ K 0#33K H
72#01515
/. Na%e fe< applications of one eighth <a(e line. FNo(-+!1!,No(-+!!@, No(-+!!&G
Ei!hth +ave ine ma& be used to transform an& resistance to an im"edance +ith
a ma!nitude e%ua to .0 of the of the ine*or to obtain a ma!nitude match bet+een a
resistance of an& vaue and a source of .0 interna resistance
7. Ho%pute the RS9R of a 8? oh% trans%ission line <hen it is ter%inate$ = a loa$
i%pe$ance of ?!MA/! oh% FNo(-+!1!G
(ns?The refection coefficient F 7 G@.$@4H > G@.9@0H
7 G5509'30)$C5H >G 509'30)9C5H
7G$259'30H > G1259'30H
73E#05 an!e of 12E#<0 > 12<#5 an!e of 13#=E5
7 0#303an!e of 11A#305
K FK 70#303
01W. 7 G 19 K FK H > G 1$ K FK H
7 G190#303H > G1$0#303H 7 1#303>0#AEC
71#<AE=
?. 'intinguish =et<een series stu= an$ shunt stu= FApr-+!1!G

1#no 1eries stub 1hunt stub
1 -t is used on& for baanced ines -t is used on& for unbaanced ines
2 ess often stubs are used in series
+ith the transmission ine #
Lore often stubs are used in shunt
+ith the transmission ine +hich is
connected to the oad#
&. 9rite the proce$ure to fin$ the i%pe$ance fro% the gi(en a$%ittance using
s%ith chart FApr-+!1!, Apr-+!!0G
Ans3 -n order to find the im"edance of an admittance *the admittance "oint has to be
rotated to a distance of 0#25#1ince the 0#25 rotation in a smith chart corres"onds to haf the
c&ce* the im"edance +i sim"& be a "oint diametrica& o""osite to the admittance "oint#
11
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
8. A lo<lossline has a characteristic i%pe$ance of 7!! oh%s.'eter%ine the stan$ing
<a(e ratio if the recei(ing en$ i%pe$ance is)&?!-A78?1 oh%sFNo(-+!!@G
Ans3 1W. 7 G 19 K FK H > G 1$ K FK H
F 7 G@.$@4H > G@.9@0H
7G&?!-A78?-7!!G*F&?!-A78?M7!!G 5F+?!-A78?G * F 0?!-A78?G5!.??1 -//.!7
0. If the reflection coefficient of a line is !./ angle of -&& $egree ,calculate the
stan$ing <a(e ratio. F-a-+!!@G
(ns? 1W. 7 G 19 K FK H > G 1$ K FK H 7G190#3H > G1$0#3H 71#3>0#C713>C 71#<
@. 9h is the Duarter <a(e line calle$ as copper insulator: FNo(-+!!0G
(""ication of the short circuited %uarter +ave ine is as an
insuator to su""ort an o"en +ire ine or the center conductor of a coaxia
ine# This a""ication ma,es use of the fact that the in"ut im"edance of a
%uarter +ave shorted ine is ver& hi!h# 1uch ines are sometimes referred to as
co""er insuators
1!. 2i(e the %ini%u% an$ %a>i%u% (alue of S9R an$ reflection coefficient
FNo(-+!!0G
Ans3 Linimum and maximum vaue of 1W. is 1 to
Linimum and maximum vaue of refection coefficient is $1 to 9 1
11. 9h are short circuite$ stu=s preferre$ o(er open circuite$ stu=s:
FApr-+!!0, Apr-+!!7G
( short$circuited stub is "referred to an o"en circuited stub because of
!reater ease in construction and because of the inabiit& to maintain hi!h
enou!h insuation resistance at the o"en circuit "oint to ensure that the
stub is rea& o"en circuited #( shorted stub aso has a o+er oss of ener!&
due to radiation* since the short circuit can be definite& estabished +ith a
ar!e meta "ate* effective& sto""in! a fied "ro"a!ation
1+. Na%e fe< application of half <a(e line. F-a-+!!8,Apr-+!!0G
5i) one to one transformer
5ii) Msed to connect a oad to source +hen the oad and source cannot be made
ad'acent
1/. 9hat are the a$(antages of $ou=le stu= %atching o(er single stu= %atching:
FApr-+!!0,No(-+!!?,G
i# Noube stub matchin! can be used for variabe fre%uenc&
ii# Load im"edance can be made e%ua to the in"ut im"edance b& "ro"er ad'ustment of
doube stub ine
17. Fin$ the RS9R an$ Reflection coefficient of a perfectl %atche$ line <ith no
reflection fro% loa$: F-a-+!!8G
12
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
01W. 7 G 19 K FK H > G 1$ K FK H and refection coefficient F70
Therefore F7 G0r >0iH

1?. 9rite the e>pression for the characteristic i%pe$ance R!Y of the %atching
quarter-<a(e section of the line: F-a-+!!8G
(ns? .0O7 K @s@. K
1&. 2i(e t<o applications of s%ith chart: F-a-+!!8G
i# 1mith chart as an admittance dia!ram
ii# Convertin! im"edance into admittance
iii# Netermination of an in"ut im"edance
iv#Netermination of an oad im"edance
18. 9hat is s%ith chart: FNo(-+!!8G
.esistive com"onent . and reactive com"onent I of an im"edance has been
re"resented in a rectan!uar form +hie in smith chart . and I are re"resented in
circuar form# -t is referred as smith chart

10. 'efine stan$ing <a(e ratioF-a-+!!8G FNo(-+!!8G F-a-+!!&GFNo(-+!!&G
The ratio of the maximum to minimum ma!nitudes of current or vota!e on a ine havin!
standin! +ave is caed the standin! +ave ratio 1# That is
1 7 Emax > Emin 7 -max > -min
1@. E>plain the use of quarter <a(e line for i%pe$ance %atching
FNo(-+!!8G FNo(-+!!7G
)or1 9hat are the applications of the quarter <a(e line:
)i1. (n im"ortant a""ication of the %uarter +ave matchin! section is to cou"e a
transmission ine to a resistive oad such as antenna# The %uarter +ave matchin!
section then must be desi!ned to have a characteristic im"edance .0
O
so chosen
that the antenna resistance .( is transformed to a vaue e%ua to the characteristic
im"edance .0 of the transmission ine# The ine then is terminated in its .4 and is
o"erated under conditions of no refection
)ii1.(nother a""ication of the short circuited %uarter +ave ine or the center
conductor of a coaxia ine# 1uch ines are sometimes referred to as co""er
insuators#

+!. 9h $o stan$ing <a(es e>ist on trans%ission lines:
FNo(-+!!&GF Apr-+!!?G FNo(-+!!7G
-f vota!e ma!nitudes are measured aon! the en!th of a ine terminated in a oad
other than .0*the "otted vaues a""ear as sho+n in fi!# These +aves are caed standin!
+aves#
13
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
+1. 'esign a quarter <a(e transfor%er to %atch a loa$ of +!! oh%s to a source
resistance of ?!! oh%s. The operating frequenc is +!!-h#. FNo(-+!!&,-a 1/G
(ns? .0O7 K @s@. K

7 200x 500 7 100000 731A#22
++.9rite the e>pression for RS9R in ter%s of i1the reflection coefficient
ii1RS9R in ter%s of #L an$ I!.
+/.-ention the significance of Z*7 line.
The im"edance of Puarter +ave ine is that it matches the oad +ith the source and
ensures that maximum "o+er is bein! transferred to the oad#The %uarter +ave ine ma& be used
as im"edance inverter*it serve as a insuator to su""ort an o"en +ire ine#
BART-C
1. )i1 'ra< an$ e>plain the operation of quarter <a(e line FNo(*'ec +!1!,R0G
)ii1 It is require$ to %atch a +!! oh%s loa$ to a /!! oh%s trans%ission line to
re$uce the S9R along the line to 1. 9hat %ust =e the characteristics
i%pe$ance of the quarter <a(e transfor%er use$ for this purpose if it is
$irectl connecte$ to the loa$:
)iii1 9hat are the $ra<=ac4s of single stu= %atching an$ open circuite$
stu=s:
+. )i1 'ra< an$ e>plain the principle of $ou=le stu= %atching. )01
)ii1 A U"F lossless trans%ission line <or4ing at 1 2"# is connecte$ to an
un%atche$ line pro$ucing a (oltage reflection coefficient of !.?)!.0&& M A !.?1.
Halculate the length an$ position of the stu= to %atch the line. )01
FNo(*'ec +!1!,R0G
/. )i1 'eri(e the fiel$ e>pression for Trans(erse -agnetic <a(es =et<een a pair of
parallel perfectl con$ucting planes of infinite e>tent in the X an$ I $irections. The
planes are separate$ in T $irection = [aY %eter.
FNo( +!1!G
)ii1 A parallel perfectl con$ucting plates are separate$ = 1! c% an$ fille$ <ith
paper <hose $ielectric constant is 8. This arrange%ent nee$ to support TE1 %o$e.
Fin$ the cut off frequenc.
7. )i1 'iscuss the characteristics of TE, T-, an$ TE- <a(es =et<een parallel
con$ucting planes an$ $eri(e the cut off frequenc an$ phase (elocit.
)ii1 'escri=e the (elocit of propagation of <a(e =et<een a pair of perfectl
con$ucting plates. . FNo( +!1!G
?. 'eri(e the e>pression for the input i%pe$ance of a lossless line. FApr-+!1!G
1=
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
&. )i1.A 1!!MA?!Q is connecte$ to a 8?Q lossless line. Fin$ the reflection Hoefficient,
loa$ a$%ittance an$ input i%pe$ance at the generator using s%ith chart.
)ii1.E>plain the reali#ation of quarter <a(e transfor%er. Sho< that the inci$ent an$
reflecte$ <a(es co%=ine to pro$uce a stan$ing <a(e.
FApr-+!1!G
8. E>plain the concept of 'ou=le-stu= %atching for an open <ire line.
FApr-+!1!,No(-+!!8G
0. )i1.'iscuss the operation of a quarter <a(e line an$ illustrate its applications.
)ii1.A lossless line in air ha(ing a characteristic i%pe$ance of /!! oh%s is
ter%inate$ = un4no<n i%pe$ance. The first (oltage %ini%u% is locate$ at 1?
c% fro% the loa$. The stan$ing <a(e ratio is /./. Halculate the <a(elength an$
ter%inating i%pe$ance. FNo(-+!!@G
@. )i1.A loa$ ha(ing an i%pe$ance of )7?!-A&!!1 oh%s at 1! -"# is connecte$ to a /!!
oh%s line. Halculate the position an$ length of a short circuite$ stu= to %atch this
loa$ to the line using S%ith chart.
)ii1.9hat are the $ra<=ac4s of single stu= %atching: Criefl $iscuss ho<
it is o(erco%e = $ou=le stu= %atching. FNo(-+!!@G
1!. )i1.'efine stan$ing <a(e ratio an$ o=tain the e>pression of RS9R in ter%s of
reflection coefficient. F-a-+!!@G
)ii1.'eri(e the input i%pe$ance of a quarter <a(e line an$ $iscuss its
applications.
11. )i1.E=tain the e>pression for the length an$ location of a short circuite$ stu= for
I%pe$ance %atching on a trans%ission line.
)ii1A loa$ )?!-A1!!1 Q is connecte$ across a ?!Q line. 'esign a short
circuite$ stu= to pro(i$e$ %atching =et<een the t<o at a signal frequenc
of /! -"# using S%ith Hhart. F-a-+!!@G
1+. A 8? oh% lossless trans%ission line is to =e %atche$ to a resisti(e loa$ i%pe$ance of
IL51!! oh%s (ia quarter <a(e section .Fin$ the characteristic i%pe$ance of the
quarter <a(e transfor%er FNo(-+!!0G
1/. A ?! oh% lossless trans%ission line is ter%inate$ in a loa$ i%pe$ance of
IL5)+?MA?!1 oh%. Use the S-IT" H"ART to fin$
)i1Roltage reflection coefficient
)ii1RS9R
)iii1 Input i%pe$ance of the line gi(en that the line is /./ Z long an$
)i(1 Input a$%ittance of the line FNo(-+!!0G
17. 'efine an$ e>plain the follo<ing
i. Stan$ing <a(es i(. No$es an$ antino$es
15
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
ii. Stan$ing <a(e ratio (. A %etho$ to %easure S9R
iii. Relation =et<een S9R an$ K
FApr+!!0,No(-+!!/G
1?. A ?! oh% lossless fee$e$ line is to =e %atche$ to an antenna <ith
IL5)8?-A+!1oh%s at 1!!-"# using SIN2LE shorte$ stu=. Halculate the stu=
Length an$ $istance =et<een the antenna an$ stu= using S-IT" chart.
FNo(-+!!0G
1&. A 8! oh%s lossless trans%ission line is use$ at a frequenc <here
9a(elength )1 equals 0!c% ter%inate$ = a loa$ of )17!MA@11 oh%s. Fin$ the
reflection coefficient, RS9R an$ input a$%ittance using S-IT" chart
FApr-+!!0G
18. A 8? oh%s lossless trans%ission line is to =e %atche$ <ith a 1!!-A0! oh%s loa$ using
SIN2LE stu=. Halculate the stu= length an$ its $istance fro% the loa$
correspon$ing to the frequenc of /!-"# using S-IT" chart.
FApr-+!!0G
10. Illustrate the applications of the s%ith chart FApr+!!0G FNo(-+!!&G
1@. a. 9hat is a quarter <a(e transfor%er: E>plain its operation an$ uses
FApr-+!!0GF-a-+!!8G FApr-+!!?GFNo(-+!!?GFApr-+!!7G
=. 'escri=e $ou=le stu= %atching FApr+!!0, Apr-+!!7,G
+!. a. E>plain the single stu= %atching on a trans%ission line an$ $eri(e the
e>pression for the location an$ length of the stu= use$ for the %atching on
a line. FApr+!!0G F-a-+!!8GFNo(-+!!&G
+1. )i1'e$uce the e>pression for constant-s circle for the $issipation less line an$
E>plain
)ii1A trans%ission line is ter%inate$ in IL. -easure%ents in$icate that the
stan$ing <a(e %ini%a are 1!+ c% apart an$ that the last %ini%u% is /?c%
fro% the loa$ en$ of the line .The (alue of stan$ing <a(e ratio is +.7 an$
R!5+?! oh%. 'eter%ine <a(elength an$ loa$ i%pe$ance FNo(-+!!8G
++. )i1E>plain the proce$ure of $ou=le stu= %atching on a trans%ission line <ith an
e>a%ple.
)ii1'eter%ine the length an$ location of a single short circuite$ stu= to pro$uce an
i%pe$ance %atch on a trans%ission line <ith Ro of &!! oh%s an$ ter%inate$ in
10!! oh%s. FNo(-+!!8G
+/. A /!% long lossless line trans%ission line <ith characteristic i%pe$ance)#!1 of ?!
oh%s is ter%inate$ = a loa$ i%pe$ance Il5&!MA7! oh%s .The operating <a(elength
1A
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
is @!%.Fin$ reflection coefficient, stan$ing <a(es ratio an$ input i%pe$ance using
s%ith chart F-a-+!!8G
+7. A ?! oh%s trans%ission line is connecte$ to a loa$ i%pe$ance IL5&!MA0! oh%s. The
operating frequenc is /!!-h#.A$ou=le stu= tuner space$ an eighth of a <a(e
length apart is use$ to %atch the loa$ to the line. Fin$ the require$ lengths of the
short circuite$ stu=s using S-IT" chart. F-a-+!!8G

+?. 'eter%ine the input i%pe$ance of open an$ short circuite$ $issipation less
trans%ission lines F No(-+!!&,No(-+!!?G FNo(-+!!7G
=. 'esign a single stu= %atch for a loa$ of 1?!MA++? oh%s for a 8? oh%s line at ?!!
-"# using s%ith chart FNo(-+!!&G
+&. a. 'eri(e the e>pression for the input i%pe$ance of the $issipation less line an$ thus
o=tain the e>pression for the input i%pe$ance of a quarter <a(e line. Also $iscuss
the applications of quarter <a(e line
=. An antenna as a loa$ on a trans%ission line pro$uces a stan$ing <a(e ratio of +.0
<ith a (oltage %ini%u% !.1+Z fro% the antenna ter%inals. Fin$ the antenna
i%pe$ance, reflection factor an$ reflection loss at the antenna if
R!5/!! oh%s for the line FNo(-+!!&G
+8.E>plain the con$ition for $istortionless line.Hharacteristic i%pe$ance of a
trans%ission line at 0 -"# is )7-+A1oh% an$ the propagation constant is )!.!1MA!.101
per %eter.Fin$ the pri%ar constants.
+0.'esign a single stu= %atching net<or4 )use s%ith chart1 for a trans%ission line
functioning at ?!!-"# ter%inate$<ith a loa$ i%pe$ance5IL5/!!MA+?!\ an$ <ith a
characteristic i%pe$ance I!5 1!! oh%s.Use short circuite$ shunt stu=.'eter%ine the
RS9R =efore an$ after connecting stu=.
+@.The input i%pe$ances of a Z*0 long,?!\ trans%ission line are I15+?MA1!!
oh%,I+51!-A?!\,I/51!!MA! oh%s.an$ I75!MA?! oh%s,<hen (arious loa$ i%pe$ance
an$ the reflection coefficient at the input an$ loa$ en$s.
UNIT -7 )2ui$e$ <a(es =et<een Barallel planes1
1C
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
1. For the frequenc of & 2"# an$ plane separation of / c% fin$ the group an$
phase (elocities for the $o%inant %o$e FNo(-+!1!,R0G
+. 'efine cut-off frequenc of a gui$e. )No( +!1!, R01 )No(+!!81
5or) 'efine the cutoff frequenc for the gui$e$ <a(es
The cutoff fre%uenc& is the fre%uenc& beo+ +hich +ave "ro"a!ation +i not
occur #The fre%uenc& at +hich the +ave motion ceases is ,no+n as cutoff fre%uenc&
of the !uide#
/. 9hat are the %etho$s of E>citation of %o$es in rectangular <a(e gui$es.
FNo(-+!1!G
7. Fin$ the cut off <a(e length of a rectangular <a(e gui$e <hose inner $i%ensions
are [aY 5+./c% an$ [=Y 5 1 c% operating at TE1! FNER-+!1!G

?. 9hat is the relationship =et<een group (elocit an$ phase (elocit
)-a+!!8*-a +!1!)
The "roduct of "hase 50") veocit& and !rou" veocit& 50!) is the s%uare of free
s"ace veocit&
0" 0! 7 C
2
C Q 0eocit& of i!ht
&. 2i(e the e>a%ples of gui$e$ <a(es )-a +!1!1
(n eectroma!netic +ave that are !uided aon! or over conductin! or
dieectric surfaces are caed !uided +aves# Exam"es of !uided +aves are the
eectroma!netic +aves aon! "arae +ire and co$axia transmission ines* +aves in
+ave!uides and the +aves that are !uided aon! the earth surface from a radio
transmitter to receiver
8. 9rite the e>pressions for the <a(e i%pe$ance of TE an$ T- <a(es =et<een
parallel planes )No( +!!@1
1<
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
2
1

=
f
f
Z
c
TE


2
1

=
f
f
Z
c
TM

R$ intrinsic im"edance of the medium 3CCS/ fc Q cut$off fre%uenc&
0. 2i(e the e>pressions for the cutoff <a(elength an$ propagation constant of TE
<a(es =et<een parallel planes )No( +!!@1
Cut$off +aveen!th 5Tc) 7 2a>m
a$ distance bet+een the t+o "arae "anes/ m$ mode number
@. 9rite -a><ellYs equation in point for% )-a +!!@1
1!. Blot the frequenc (s attenuation characteristics cur(e of T- an$ TE <a(es
gui$e$ =et<een parallel con$ucting planes )No( +!!01
11. Enu%erate the properties of TE- <a(e =et<een parallel planes of perfect
con$uctors )No( +!!0*No( +!!&1
The TEL +ave in +hich both eectric and ma!netic fieds are tranverse entire&
but have no com"onent of E3 and U3# -t is referred to as "rinci"a +aves #The
"ro"erties are 1# The TEL +ave is inde"endent of fre%uenc& 2#The cut$off fre%uenc&
of TEL is 3ero #This means that a fre%uencies do+n to 3ero can "ro"a!ate
1+. Specif the significance of $o%inant %o$e of operation. )April +!!01
Nominant mode is a mode that has the o+est cut$off fre%uenc& or o+est order
mode##
1/. Ho%%ent on3 )a1 Hharacteristics i%pe$ance. )=1 9a(e i%pe$ance
)April +!!01
5a) Hharacteristic i%pe$ance3 The characteristic im"edance is !iven b& @070>-# 6ut
for a "arae "ate +ave!uide the "otentia difference bet+een t+o "ates is !iven
b& @07Ex>U&# The characteristic im"edance for the "arae "ate +ave!uide is
de"endent on& on the !eometr& of the !uide and the materia "arameters of the
!uide#
1E
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
5b) 9a(e i%pe$ance3 The intrinsic im"edance or +ave im"edance is defined as
+hen oo,in! in the direction of "ro"a!ation* that is* aon! the 3 axis it is defined
as the ratio of transverse com"onent of eectric and ma!netic fieds#
17. 9hat is Brincipal <a(e )April +!!01
The TEL +ave is a s"ecia case of !uided +ave "ro"a!ation# -t is aso caed as
"rinci"e +aves# The eectric and ma!netic fieds are entire& transverse# (on! the
direction norma to the direction of "ro"a!ation* the am"itude of the fied
com"onents are constant# TEL +aves are inde"endent of fre%uenc&# The cut$off
fre%uenc& of the +ave is 3ero* indicatin! a fre%uencies do+n to 3ero can "ro"a!ate
aon! the !uide
1?. Blot the frequenc N (ersus <a(e i%pe$ance cur(e for the <a(es =et<een
parallel con$ucting planes. ) April +!!01
1&. 9hat are the characteristics of principal <a(e: )No( +!!8,-a1/1
)i1 The "hase constant : varies inear& +ith fre%uenc& and therefore the +ave
"ro"a!ation ta,es "ace +ith out dis"ersion#
)ii1 The cut$off fre%uenc& for the TEL +ave in a "arae "ane +ave!uide is 3ero
and a fre%uencies ri!ht do+n to dc can "ro"a!ate aon! the !uide#
18. 9hat is the cutoff frequenc of TE- <a(e: )-a +!!81
0
2
= =
a
m
f
c This means that a fre%uencies do+n to 3ero
can "ro"a!ate aon! the !uide
10. 'efine phase (elocit an$ group (elocit )No( +!!&,No( +!!?1
The veocit& +ith +hich the "hase chan!es "hase in a direction "arae to
the conductin! surface is caed "hase veocit&# -t is denoted b& Rp5 ]*P K
]5+^fK P Nphase constant
Grou" veocit& is the veocit& +ith +hich the !rou" of +aves as a +hoe
"ro"a!ate## -t is denoted b& 0!/ 0!7d]*$ P K
20
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
1@. Illustrate <a(e i%pe$ance of TE- <a(es in t<o con$uctor lines. T- <a(es an$
TE <a(es <ithin a <a(egui$e an$ its frequenc $epen$enc.
)No( +!!&1
@7
= = = 3CC
o
o
o
y
X
H
E

/
+!. 9hat $o ou un$erstan$ = the $o%inant %o$e in <a(egui$e: 9hat is its
i%portance: )-a +!!&1
Nominant mode is a mode +hich has ess attenuation# -t is caed a dominant
mode because a the fied confi!uration Ex* E&* Ux and U& exist# Nominant mode is
a mode that has the o+est cut$off fre%uenc& or o+est order mode##
+1. Ho%pare TE an$ T- %o$e. :)No( 1+1
++. 9hat is the nee$ for Attenuator:)No( 1+1
+/. 9hat is the $egenerate %o$e in rectangular <a(egui$es:)-a*.une 1/1
BART-C
1. )i1 E>plain the trans%ission of TE <a(es =et<een parallel perfectl con$ucting
planes <ith necessar e>pressions an$ $iagra%s for the fiel$ co%ponents. )1+1
)No(*'ec +!1!, R01
)ii1 A TE- <a(e at 1 -"# propagates in the region =et<een con$ucting planes
<hich is fille$ <ith $ielectric %aterial of r S 5 1 an$ r _ 5 +. Fin$ the phase
constant an$ characteristic <a(e i%pe$ance. )71
+. )i1 E>plain the reasons for the attenuation of TE an$ T- <a(es =et<een parallel
planes <ith necessar e>pressions an$ $iagra%s )1!1
)No(*'ec +!1!,R01
)ii19rite a =rief note on the %anner of <a(e tra(el an$ their (elocities
=et<een parallel planes. )&1
/. 'eri(e the fiel$ configuration, cut off frequenc an$ (elocit of propagation for
TE <a(es in rectangular <a(egui$e. [No(*'ec+!1!G
7. )i1 9rite a $etaile$ note on i%possi=ilit of TE- <a(es in <a(egui$es.
)ii1In an air fille$ rectangular <a(egui$e the cut off frequenc of a TE1! %o$e is
? 2 "# , 9hereas that of TE1! %o$e is 1+ 2 "I. Halculate the $i%ensions of the
gui$e an$ cut off frequencies of the ne>t three higher TE %o$es such as TE!1 ,
TE11 , TE+! # [No(*'ec+!1!G
?. )i1 'eri(e the e>pressions for the fiel$ co%ponents of TE- <a(es.
)ii1 'iscuss <a(e i%pe$ances in $etail )April +!1!1
21
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
&. )i1 'eri(e the fiel$ e>pression for Trans(erse -agnetic <a(es =et<een a pair of
parallel perfectl con$ucting planes of infinite e>tent in the X an$ I $irections.
The planes are separate$ in T $irection = [aY %eter.
FNo( +!1!G
)ii1 A parallel perfectl con$ucting plates are separate$ = 1! c% an$ fille$
<ith paper <hose $ielectric constant is 8. This arrange%ent nee$ to support
TE1 %o$e. Fin$ the cut off frequenc.
8. )i1 'iscuss the characteristics of TE, T-, an$ TE- <a(es =et<een parallel con$ucting
planes an$ $eri(e the cut off frequenc an$ phase (elocit.
)ii1 'escri=e the (elocit of propagation of <a(e =et<een a pair of perfectl
con$ucting plates. . FNo( +!1!G
0. )i1 'istinguish =et<een the characteristics of TE an$ T- <a(es.
)ii1 'eri(e the e>pressions for the fiel$ co%ponents for T- <a(es =et<een
parallel planes. )No( +!!@*April +!1!1
@. 'iscuss the attenuation of TE an$ T- <a(es =et<een parallel planes <ith
necessar e>pressions an$ $iagra% )No( +!!@1
1!. A pair of perfectl con$ucting planes are separate$ = /.&c% in air .For T-1!
%o$e $eter%ine the cut-off frequenc an$ cut-off <a(elength, if the operating
frequenc is ?2"# )-a +!!@1
11. 'eri(e the e>pressions for the fiel$ co%ponents of TE- <a(es =et<een parallel
con$ucting planes. 'iscuss the properties of TE- <a(es
)-a +!!@1
1+. For a frequenc of 1! 2"# an$ plane separation of ? c% in air, fin$ the cutoff
,fin$ the cut-off <a(elength ,phase (elocit an$ group (elocit of a <a(e
)-a +!!@1
1/. A parallel perfectl con$ucting planes are separate$ = ?c% in air an$ carries a
signal <ith frequenc of 1!2"# in T-11 %o$e .Fin$ the cut-off frequenc an$
cut-off <a(elength )No( +!!01
17. 'escri=e the (elocit of propagation of <a(es =et<een a pair of perfectl
con$ucting planes )No( +!!01
1?. 9hat is %eant = TE an$ T- <a(es: 'eter%ine the (arious co%ponents of
Electric an$ -agnetic fiel$ strengths =et<een parallel planes, starting fro%
-a><ells equation )-a !8*No( !0*April +!!0*-a !@1
22
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
1&. E=tain the relation 1*Z
+
51* Zg
+
M1* Zc
+
<here Z- free space <a(elength, Zg-
<a(elength in gui$e an$ Zc- cut off <a(elength )April +!!01
18. Sho< that the (elocit of propagation of the <a(e in the gui$e is greater than the
phase (elocit in free space )April +!!01
10. )i1 'iscuss the characteristics of TE, T- an$ TE- <a(es =et<een parallel
con$ucting planes. An$ also $eri(e the cut off frequenc an$ phase (elocit fro%
the propagation constant.
)April +!!0*No( +!!0*-a +!!81
)ii1 A pair of perfectl con$ucting plates are separate$ = / c% in air an$ carries
a 1!2"# signal in T-11 %o$e. Fin$ the cut-off frequenc, Bhase constant, Hut
off <a(elength )April +!!01
1@. )i1 'eri(e the e>pressions for the fiel$ co%ponents of T- <a(es =et<een
parallel plates, propagating in I $irection.
)ii1 For a frequenc of & 2"# an$ plane separation 5 8 c%. Fin$ the follo<ing for
the TE1! %a$e3
)11 Hutoff frequenc
)+1 Bhase an$ group (elocit )No( +!!81
+!. )i1 E>plain <a(e i%pe$ance an$ o=tain the e>pressions of <a(e
i%pe$ance for TE an$ T- <a(es gui$e$ along parallel planes. Also s4etch
the (ariation of <a(e i%pe$ance <ith frequenc.
)ii1 For a frequenc of ? 2"# an$ plane separation of 0 c% in air, fin$ the
follo<ing for T-1! %o$e
)11 Hut-off <a(elength
)+1 Hharacteristic i%pe$ance
)/1 Bhase constant. )No( +!!81
+1. 'eri(e the <a(e i%pe$ance for TE <a(es =et<een parallel planes.
)-a +!!81
++. )i1 'iscuss the characteristics of TE an$ T- <a(es an$ also $eri(e the cutoff
frequenc an$ phase (elocit fro% the propagation constant.)-a 1/1
)ii1 A parallel perfectl con$ucting plates are separate$ = 8 c% in air an$
carries a signal <ith frequenc )f1 of &2"# inTE1 %o$e.
i. The cut-off frequenc )fc1
ii. Bhase constant
iii. Attenuation constant an$ Bhase constant for f5.0fc an$
23
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
i(. Hut off <a(elength )-a +!!8,1/1
+/. A parallel plane <a(egui$e <ith plate separation of +! c% <ith the TE1! %o$e
e>cite$ at 12"#. Fin$ the propagation constant. )No( +!!&1
+7. )i1 'eri(e the e>pression for the attenuation constant of TE <a(es in =et<een
t<o parallel con$ucting planes.
)ii1 A pair of perfectl con$ucting planes are separate$ = 0c% in air. For a
frequenc of ?!!-h# <ith T-1! %o$e e>cite$, fin$ cut-off frequenc, phase
shift, phase (elocit an$ group (elocit )No( +!!&1
+?. Bro(e that the frequenc of %ini%u% attenuation $ue to con$uctor loss in a
parallel plate <a(egui$e for T- %o$e is W/ fc, <here fc is the cut off frequenc.
Fin$ the e>pression for this %ini%u% attenuation. )-a +!!&1
+&. 'eri(e the fiel$ e>pression for fiel$ strengths TE<a(es =et<een a pair of
parallel perfectl con$ucting planes of infinite e>tent in the X an$ I $irections.
The planes are separate$ in T $irection = [aY %eter.)-a 1/1
UNIT-? ) 9a(egui$es1
1. 2i(e the applications of ca(it resonators. FNo(-+!1!,-a 1/G
2=
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
+. Halculate the cutoff <a(elength for the T-11 %o$e in a stan$ar$
rectangular <a(e gui$e if a57.? c% )No( +!1!,R01
/. List the a$(antages of ca(it resonator o(er the lu%pe$ ele%ent resonator
a=o(e /!!- "#. FNo(-+!1!G
7. -ention the characteristics of TE an$ T- <a(es.
FNo(-+!1!G
?. 9hat is the significance of <a(e i%pe$ance:
FNo(-+!1!G
&. Ho%pare circular ca(it resonator an$ rectangular ca(it resonator.
FNo(-+!1!G
25
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
8. 2i(e the reason for i%possi=ilit of TE- <a(es in <a(egui$es
)-a +!1!*April +!!01
1ince TEL +ave do not have axia com"onent of either E or U* it cannot
"ro"a!ate +ithin a sin!e conductor +ave!uide# Consider a TEL +ave to exist
+ithin a hoo+ !uide# -n non$ma!netic materias
V#U 7 0 +hich re%uires that the ines of U be cosed oo"s in a "ane
"er"endicuar to the axis# (ccordin! to Lax+eOs e%uation the ma!neto motive
force around a cosed oo" is e%ua to the axia current #)or a co$axia ine the
axia current is conduction current +hereas for a hoo+ +ave!uide the axia
current is dis"acement current #6ut an axia dis"acement re%uires an axia
com"onent of E +hich is nor "resent in TEL +ave# Therefore TEL +ave cannot
exist inside a +ave!uide
0. 'efine cut-off <a(elength in rectangular <a(egui$e )-a +!1!1
The cut$off +aveen!th 5Tc) reated to the cut$off fre%uenc& 5fc) is
defined as the hi!hest +aveen!th be&ond +hich the +ave is com"ete&
attenuated#
2 2
2

=
b
n
a
m
c
@. A rectangular air fille$ copper <a(egui$e <ith $i%ension of a5+.+0c% an$
=51.!1c% has a @.+2"# signal propagate$ in it .'eter%ine the gui$e
<a(elength for TE1! )No( +!!@1
1!. A <a(egui$e has an internal =rea$th a5/c% an$ carries the $o%inant %o$e
of signal of un4no<n <a(elength .If the characteristics <a(e i%pe$ance is
?!!oh%s.Halculate the signal <a(elength
)No( +!!@1
11. 9hat is %eant $o%inant %o$e of the <a(e )-a +!!@1
The o+est order mode for TE +ave is TE10 +hereas the o+est mode for
TL +ave is TL11#This +ave has the o+est cut$off fre%uenc&# Uence the TE10
2A
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
mode is the dominant mode of a rectan!uar +ave!uide* becausce TE10 mode has
the o+est attenuation of a modes in rectan!uar +ave!uide
1+. A rectangular <a(egui$e <ith $i%ension a50.?c% an$ =57./c% .'eter%ine
the cut-off frequenc for T-1! %o$e of propagation
)-a +!!@1
1/. Halculate the cut-off frequenc of a rectangular <a(e gui$e <hose inner
$i%ensions are a5+.?c% an$ =51.?c% operating at TE1!
)No( +!!01
17. "o< is the TE1! %o$e launche$ or initiate$ in rectangular <a(egui$e using a
open en$e$ coa>ial ca=le )No( +!!0*-a +!!81
The "robe is "arae to the W axis and so "roduces ines of E in the W
direction and ines of U +hich ie in the I@ "ane #This is the "erfect fied
confi!uration for the TE10 mode
1?. S4etch the Electric an$ -agnetic fiel$ lines for the TE1! an$ TE+! %o$es in a
rectangular <a(e gui$e. )April +!!01
2C
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
1&. 9rite a =rief note on E>citation of %o$es in rectangular <a(egui$es.
)April +!!01
-n order to aunch a "articuar mode* a t&"e of "robe is chosen +hich +i
"roduce ines of E and U that are rou!h& "arae to the ines of E and U for that
mode# The "robe is "arae to the & axis and so "roduces ines of E in the &
direction and ines of U +hich ie in the x3 "ane#
18. 9hich %o$e is calle$ as $o%inant %o$e in the circular <a(egui$e:
)April +!!01
TE11 and TL01 mode is the dominant mode in circuar +ave!uide
10. 'efine the qualit factor of a ca(it resonator:
)April +!!0,-a +!!8, No( +!!&, No( +!!? 1
The %uait& factor P of a resonator is defined as the ener!& stored
and ener!& oss at the resonant fre%uenc&#
P72 Time avera!e ener!& stored at a resonant fre%uenc&
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Ener!& oss "er second in the s&stem
1@. Halculate the cut-off <a(elength of a rectangular <a(egui$e <hose inner
$i%ensions are a 5 +./ c% an$ =51.!/ c% operating at TE1! %o$e.
)April +!!01
+!. A rectangular <a(egui$e <ith $i%ensions a50.?c% an$ =57./c% is fe$ = ?
2"I carrier. 9ill a TE11 %o$e =e propagate$: )No( +!!81
+1. 'efine <a(e i%pe$ance an$ <rite the e>pression for <a(e i%pe$ance of TE
<a(es in rectangular gui$e. )No( +!!81
2<
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
Wave im"edance? The intrinsic im"edance or +ave im"edance is defined
as +hen oo,in! in the direction of "ro"a!ation* that is* aon! the 3 axis #-t is
defined as the ratio of transverse com"onent of eectric and ma!netic fieds#
2
1

=
f
f
Z
c
TE

++. 9hat is ca(it resonator: )-a +!!81
-t is a shieded encosure +hich confines eectroma!netic fieds inside
and furnishes ar!e areas for current fo+* thus eiminatin! radiation
and hi!h$resistance effects# These encosures have natura resonant
fre%uencies and hi!h P and are caed resonator#
+/. 9h the TE1! <a(e is calle$ as $o%inant <a(e in rectangular <a(egui$e:
)-a +!!81
'o%inant %o$e is a %o$e <hich has less attenuation an$ lo<est
cut off frequenc. It is calle$ a $o%inant %o$e =ecause all the fiel$
configuration E>, E, "> an$ " e>ist.
+7. A rectangular <a(egui$e has the follo<ing $i%ensions l5+.?7c%, =51.+8c%
<a(egui$e thic4ness5!.1+8 c%. Halculate the cut-off frequenc for TE11
%o$e. )No( +!!&1
Given 72#5=cm b71#2Ccm thic,ness 7#12Ccm m71* n71
Mse )ormua?

+?. 9hat are $o%inant %o$e an$ $egenerate %o$es in rectangular <a(egui$e:
)No( +!!&)
1ome hi!her order modes ma& have identica cut off fre%uenc& are caed
de!enerate modes # E! TE11* TL11* TE21* TL21* TE12* TL12* TE22* TL22 a have
identica cut off fre%uencies# These modes are caed de!enerate modes#
The dominant mode has o+est cut off fre%uenc&# This mode has o+est
attenuation of a modes in rectan!uar +ave !uide and its eectric fied is
definite& "oari3ed in one direction#
+&. 'ra< electric current $ensit lines or rectangular <a(egui$e <alls )=roa$
narro< for $o%inant TE1! %o$e of e>citation.
2E
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
)No( +!!&*No( +!!71
+8. E>plain <h T-!1 an$ T-1! %o$es in a rectangular <a(egui$e $o not e>ist.
)-a +!!&, No( +!!71
)or TL10 +hen m71 and n70 for these vaues a the fieds in the
rectan!uar +ave !uide becomes 3ero# 1ine U3 70 for TL +aves# This is true for
m70 and n71# Uence both TL01 and TL10 do not exist# Therefore TL0n and TLm0
modes do not exist#
+0. 9hat $o ou un$erstan$ = $egenerate %o$es in a <a(egui$e: 2i(e e>a%ple
of t<o such %o$es in a rectangular <a(e-gui$e.
)-a +!!&, No( +!!71
1ome hi!her order modes ma& have identica cut off fre%uenc&# E! TE11*
TL11* TE21* TL21* TE12* TL12* TE22* TL22 a have identica cut off fre%uencies#
These modes are caed de!enerate modes#
+@. E>plain the $ifference =et<een the intrinsic i%pe$ance an$ <a(e i%pe$ance
in free space an$ in rectangular <a(e-gui$e. )-a +!!&1
The +ave im"edance is defined as the ratio of the stren!th of the eectric
fied in one transverse direction to the stren!th of the ma!netic fied in other
transverse direction +here as the intrinsic im"edance is the free s"ace im"edance
denoted b& R0 and its vaue is 3CCS#
/!. 9hat is the $o%inant TE an$ T- %o$e in rectangular 9a(egui$e:
/1. "o< to $esign an air fille$ cu=ical ca(it to ha(e its $o%inant resonant
frequenc
at / 2"#:
/+. 9rite the CesselYs function of first 4in$ of or$er #ero.
BART-C
1. )i1 'iscuss the propagation of T- <a(es in a rectangular <a(egui$e <ith
rele(ant e>pressions an$ $iagra%s for the fiel$ co%ponents)1!1
)ii1 A rectangular <a(egui$e %easuring a 5 7.? c% an$ = 5 / c% internall has a
@ 2"# signal propagate$ in it. Halculate the gui$e <a(elength, phase an$ group
(elocities an$ characteristic i%pe$ance for the $o%inant %o$e. )&1
FNo( +!1!,R0G
30
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
+. E>plain the propagation of electro%agnetic <a(es in a clin$rical <a(egui$e
<ith suita=le e>pressions. )1&1 FNo( +!1!,R0G
/. )i1 'eri(e the T- <a(e co%ponents in circular <a(e gui$es using Cessel
function.
)ii19rite a =rief note on %icro<a(e ca(ities. FNo(*'ec +!1!G
7. 'eri(e the e>pression for the follo<ing para%eters in rectangular ca(it
resonator supporting TE1!1 %o$e.
)i1 Energ store$ in electric fiel$
)ii1 Bo<er loss in t<o si$e <alls, =otto%, top, front an$ =ac4 <alls of
the rectangular ca(it. FNo(*'ec +!1!G
?. )i1 'istinguish =et<een TE an$ T- %o$es of the rectangular gui$e
)ii1 'eri(e the equations to gi(e the relationships a%ong the fiel$s <ithin the
rectangular gui$e )-a +!1!1
&. )i1 A rectangular air-fille$ copper gui$e <ith !.@ inch > 7 inch cross section an$
1+ inch length is operate$ at @.+ 2"# <ith a $o%inant %o$e. Fin$ the cut-off
frequenc, the phase (elocit an$ the characteristic i%pe$ance.
)ii1 A stan$ar$ air-fille$ rectangular gui$e <ith $i%ensions a50.&/&c%.
=57./10 c% is fe$ = a 7 2"# carrier fro% a coa>ial ca=le. 'eter%ine <hether a
TE1! %o$e is propagate$. If so, calculate the phase (elocit an$ the group
(elocit. )-a +!1!1
8. 'eri(e the solution of fiel$ equations using clin$rical coor$inates
)April +!1!1
0. 'ra< the fiel$ configuration of $ifferent T- an$ TE %o$es for a circular gui$e
)April +!1!1
@. 'eri(e the e>pression for the fiel$ co%ponents e>isting in a rectangular ca(it
)April +!1!*No( +!!@1
1!. )i1'escri=e the fiel$ co%ponents of TE <a(es in a rectangular <a(egui$e <ith
necessar e>pressions an$ also plot the fiel$ configurations for the TE1! %o$e
)NER +!!@1
31
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
)ii1A rectangular <a(egui$e %easuring a57.? c% an$ =5/ c% internall has a @
2"# signal propagate$ in it. Halculate the gui$e <a(elength, phase an$ group
(elocities an$ characteristic <a(e i%pe$ance for T-11 %o$e.
)iii1 9rite a =rief note on e>citation of %o$es in rectangular <a(egui$es.)%a
1/1
11. 'e$uce the e>pressions for the fiel$ co%ponents of T- <a(es gui$e$ along a
rectangular <a(e gui$e. )-a +!!@1
1+. 'eri(e the e>pression of <a(e i%pe$ance for TE an$ T- <a(es gui$e$ along
rectangular <a(egui$e )April +!!0*No( +!!8*-a +!!@1
1/. A TE1! %o$e is propagate$ through a <a(egui$e <ith O51! c% at a frequenc
of +.? 2"#. Fin$ cut-off <a(elength, phase (elocit, group (elocit an$ <a(e
i%pe$ance )-a +!!@1
17. )i1 E>plain the %etho$s of e>citation of circular <a(egui$es.
)No( +!!0*April +!!01
)ii1 Starting fro% -a><ellYs equation o=tain the fiel$ co%ponents for the
Trans(erse Electric <a(es of circular <a(egui$es. )April +!!01
1?. )i1 9hat is an electro%agnetic ca(it resonator: 'escri=e the e>citation of T-
<a(es in the class of ca(it resonators pro$uce$ = placing plane en$ faces on a
length of clin$rical <a(egui$e.
)ii1 'iscuss the significance of D-factor of a rectangular ca(it resonator
e>cite$ in TE!11 %o$e. Halculate the D-factor of a cu=ic resonator supporting
TE!11 %o$e an$ resonant at / 2"#. Resisti(it of the resonator <all is
1.8`1!
-0
oh% %eter. )April +!!01

1&. )i1 Using Cessel function $eri(e the TE <a(e co%ponents in circular <a(e
gui$es. )April +!!0*-a +!!@1
)ii1 Halculate the resonant frequenc of an air fille$ rectangular resonator of
$i%ensions a5+c%, =57c% an$ $5& c% operating in TE1!1 %o$e.
)April +!!01
18. 'eri(e the fiel$ configuration ,cut-off frequenc an$ (elocit of propagation for
TE <a(es in rectangular <a(egui$e )No( +!!01
10. A TE1! <a(e at 1!2"# propagates in a T =an$ copper rectangular <a(egui$e
<hose inner $i%ension are [aY5+./c% an$ [=Y51c%,<hich is fille$ <ith Teflon
_
a
r5+.1c% an$ Sr51.Halculate the cut-off frequenc ,(elocit of propagation
,phase (elocit , phase constant ,gui$e <a(elength an$ <a(e i%pe$ance.
)No( !01
32
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
1@. E(aluate the ratio of the area of a circular <a(egui$e to that of a rectangular one
if =oth are to ha(e the sa%e cut off frequenc for $o%inant %o$e.
) April +!!01
+!. A rectangular gui$e has cross section $i%ensions a58 c%, =57c%. 'eter%ine all
the %o$es <hich <ill propagate at a frequenc of )11 /!!!-"# )+1 ?!!!-"#
)April +!!01
+1. 'eri(e the fiel$ configuration, cut off frequenc an$ (elocit of propagation for
T- <a(es in rectangular <a(egui$e. )April +!!01
++. )i1 TE- <a(e cannot e>ist in a single-con$uctor <a(egui$e N .ustif the
state%ent using -a><ellYs equation.
)iii1 A T-=an$ air fille$ rectangular <a(egui$e has inner $i%ensions of
[aY5+./c% an$ [=Y51c%. Halculate the cutoff frequencies in the follo<ing
%o$es3 TE1!, TE+!, T-11, T-1+. Also chec4 <hich of the %o$es <ill
propagate along the <a(egui$e <hen the signal frequenc is 1!2"#.
)April +!!01
+/. A rectangular <a(egui$e %easures /T7.?c% internall an$ has a 1!
2"# Signal propagate$ in it. Halculate the cut-off <a(elength, the gui$e
9a(elength an$ the characteristic <a(e i%pe$ance for the TE1! %o$e
)No( +!!81
Use for%ula Zg5 Z!*W_r-) Z!*Zc1
+
an$ ITE 5 b*W1-) Z!*Zc1
+7. )i1 'iscuss the attenuation of electro%agnetic <a(es gui$e$ along rectangular
<a(egui$e.
)ii19hat are the $i%ensions of a <a(egui$e <ith the follo<ing
specifications:
)iii1At a frequenc of @@?@.? -"#, the gui$e <a(elength for TE1! %o$e is
08.?8c of the cut-off <a(elength.
)i(1TE/! an$ TE1+ %o$e ha(e the sa%e cut-off frequenc. )No( +!!81
"int calculate Z using the for%ula c*f <here f5@@?@.?-"#
Halculate 08.?8c of the cut-off <a(elength for TE1! %o$e
)+1 Halculate the cut-off frequenc for TE/! an$ TE1+ %o$e an$ chec4
<hether it has the sa%e cut-off frequenc#
+?. 'eri(e the fiel$ configuration, cut off frequenc an$ (elocit of propagation for
T- <a(es in rectangular <a(egui$e. )-a +!!81
+&. )i1 E=tain the e>pression for resonant frequenc of circular ca(it resonator.
)-a +!1!*No( +!!81
33
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
)ii1 Halculate the resonant frequenc of a rectangular resonator of $i%ensions
a5/c%, =5+c% an$ $57c% if the operating %o$e is TE1!1. Assu%e free space <ithin
the ca(it. )No( +!!81
+8. )i1 'eri(e the T- <a(e co%ponents in circular <a(e gui$es using Cessel
function. )-a +!!8*No( +!!@1
)ii1Halculate the resonant frequenc of an air fille$ rectangular resonator of
$i%ensions a5/ c%, =5+c% an$ $57c% operating in TE1!1 %o$e.
)-a +!!81
+0. 'eri(e the D-factor of a rectangular ca(it resonator for TE1!1.
)-a +!!81
+@. A TE1! <a(e at frequenc 1!2"# propagates <ith the (elocit +T1!
0
%*sec in a
=rass dc51.?8T1!
8
s*% rectangular <a(egui$e <ith inner $i%ensions a51.?c%
an$ =5!.&c%, <hich is fille$ <ith polethlene _r 5+.+?, Lr 51. Halculate the
phase constant, 2ui$e <a(elength, phase (elocit, <a(e i%pe$ance. 9hich
signal a%ong the t<o separate signals <ith frequenc ?2"# an$ 1?2"# <ill =e
supporte$ = the rectangular <a(egui$e for propagation through it:
)-a +!!81
/!. )i1 'eter%ine the solution of electric an$ %agnetic fiel$s of TE <a(es gui$e$
along rectangular <a(egui$e.
)ii1 An air fille$ rectangular <a(egui$e <ith $i%ensions of a50.?c% an$
=57./ c% is fe$ = a 7 2"# carrier fro% co-a>ial ca=le. 'eter%ine the cut-off
frequenc, phase (elocit an$ group (elocit for TE11 %o$e.
)No( +!!&1
/1. )i1 E>plain <a(e i%pe$ance of a rectangular <a(egui$e an$ $eri(e the
e>pression for the <a(e i%pe$ance of TE, T- an$ TE- <a(es
)ii1 The cut-off <a(elength of a rectangular <a(egui$e are %easure$ to
=e 0 c% an$ 7.0 c% for TE1! an$ TE11 %o$e respecti(el. 'eter%ine
<a(egui$e $i%ensions. )No( +!!&1
/+. An air-fille$ rectangular <a(egui$e has $i%ensions of copper a51c% an$
=5!.&c% an$ is e>cite$ at 102"#. Fin$
a. %o$es of propagation
=. gui$e <a(elength
c. <a(e i%pe$ances of the %o$es
$. Attenuation constant for the e>cite$ %o$es. ) No( +!!&1
//. A rectangular <a(egui$e )aT=1 is e>cite$ in $o%inant TE1! %o$e fiel$
"#5cos)J>*a1 for propagation M# $irection
a. Fin$ e>pressions for =roa$ <all an$ narro< <all currents
3=
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
=. E>pressions for the rate of energ flo< along the gui$e. )No( +!!&1
/7. Sho< that for T-%n %o$e of a rectangular <a(egui$e the cut off <a(elength Zc is
)Zc1%n 5 +*W)%*a1
+
M)n*=1
+
%eters. )No( +!!&1
9here a an$ = are the <i$th an$ height of the cross section of the
<a(egui$e.
/?. )i1'eri(e the e>pressions for cut-off frequenc, phase shift constant an$ (elocit
of propagation of <a(es in a circular <a(egui$e.
)ii1 S4etch the electric an$ %agnetic fiel$ configurations for TE!1 %o$e in a
circular <a(egui$e.
)iii1 2i(en a circular <a(egui$e of internal $ia%eter 1+ c% operating <ith a 0
2"#. Signal propagating T-++ %o$e. Halculate Z1, Zc, Zg an$ bg F)ha1++50.7+G.
) No( +!!&)
/&. )i1 9hat is %eant = ca(it resonator: 'eri(e the e>pression for the resonant
frequenc of the rectangular ca(it resonator.
)ii1 A rectangular resonator e>cite$ = TE1!1 %o$e, at +! 2"#, ha(e the
$i%ensions a5+c% an$ =51c%. Halculate the length of the ca(it.
) No( +!!&,-a 1/1
/8. A TE11 %o$e is propagating through a air-fille$ circular <a(egui$e of %etal
ra$ius ? c%. 'eter%ine
a. Hutoff frequenc
=. 2ui$e <a(elength at / 2"#
c. 9a(e i%pe$ance. )No( +!!&1
/0. )i1 A 1! 2"# signal is to =e trans%itte$ insi$e a circular %etal <a(egui$e.
'eter%ine the inner $ia%eter of the gui$e such that its lo<est cutoff frequenc is
+!c =elo< this signal frequenc.
)ii1 If the gui$e is to =e operate$ at 1+ 2"#, <hat are the %o$es can propagate:
'ra< E an$ " fiel$ configuration at a cross-section.
)No( +!!&1
/@. A rectangular copper ca(it of height =51.?c%, <i$th a5+.?c% resonates at
1!2"# in $o%inant %o$e. 'eter%ine the ca(it length $ an$ unloa$e$ D for air
$ielectric insi$e. )No( +!!&1
7!. A clin$rical circular ca(it of ra$ius a5+c% an$ length $5/c% is fille$ <ith a
$ielectric of _r5+.?. The ca(it is %a$e of copper. Fin$ the resonant an$
unloa$e$ D for the T-!1! %o$e. )No(+!!&1
35
EC 2305 Transmission Lines and Wave Guides
71. Sho< that the e>pression for unloa$e$ D of a circular clin$rical ca(it e>cite$
in T-!1! %o$e is D51.+!+b*FRs)1Ma*$1G, <here b5W)S!*_!1, Rs5 Surface resistance
of ca(it <alls, a5 ra$ius an$ $5the length of the ca(it.
)-a +!!& ,No( +!!7 1
7+. )i1 E>plain ho< a ca(it is for%e$ fro% a rectangular <a(egui$e )aV=1
e>cite$ in $o%inant %o$e. 'ra< the electric an$ %agnetic fiel$ configurations in
the cross-section an$ on the planes parallel to =roa$ <alls for $o%inant TE
%o$e.
ii1 E>plain ho< a circular clin$rical ca(it is e>cite$ in T-!1! %o$e using
a <a(e-gui$e slot an$ coa>ial loop. 'escri=e the %etho$ of tuning of this ca(it.
)-a +!!&1
7/. 'eri(e the e>pressions for the fiel$ co%ponents of TE an$ T- <a(es gui$e$
along a Hircular <a(e gui$e.

3A