EXPLORING BIOTECHNOLOGY

Unit 1 – Introduction to Biotechnology – Study Guide

Name__________________________________ Date________________ Period_____________________

Answer the following questions using your notes, handouts, and assignments.

1. What are the four major areas of biotechnology?

Food and Consumer Goods
Agriculture
Medicine
Environment
2. What is the definition of biotechnology?
The use of cells and biological molecules to make a product or solve a problem

3. “New” biotechnology is based on changing organisms using what?

DNA

4. Gregor Mendel is known as the father of which branch of science?

genetics

7. Which notable figure in the history of biotechnology is known as the Father of Medicine?
Gregor Mendel

8. Which notable figures in the history of biotechnology are known for initiating the multibillion dollar
industry of biotechnology?
Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen
9. Who produced early data critical to the discovery of DNA, but was not given credit for her work because
she was a woman?
Rosalind Franklin

10. Who was the first surgeon to successfully separate Siamese twins joined at the head?
Dr. Ben Carson

12. Who described the structure of DNA and described how DNA carries genetic information?
James Watson and Francis Crick

13. Who headed the team that cloned Dolly using DNA from adult sheep cells and is know for ground-
breaking research and is an expert on cloning?
Dr. Ian Wilmut
BIOTECHNOLOGY TIMELINE
14. Who created a vaccine for rabies and pasteurized milk to kill bacteria?
Prior to 500 BC______I A. Pasteur proves yeast is a living organism.
Louis Pasteur
500 BC______E I. Bread/cheese is made by fermentation.
1855________A B. Penicillin is the first widely used antibiotic.
Match 1890________H
the biotechnology timeline items with
G. Genentech theirthecorrect
becomes year.company on the stock market.
first biotech
1904________F C. Dangr sequences insulin from spam/pork.
1918________B H. Ammonia synthesis is discovered.
1956________C D. Flavr Savr tomato is sold to the public.
1978________G F. Rayon is discovered as a natural alternative to silk.
1993________D E. The Chinese use moldy tofu to treat boils.
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24. When did the word biotechnology first appear in print?

1919
25. What is the definition of the prefix bio?
Life, of living things
26. What is the name of the billionaire who is the owner of the North Carolina Research Campus?
David Murdock
27. When microbes are grown so that their amino acids can be used to produce a product such as Equal®
sweetner it is an example of:
Food and consumer goods biotechnology

28. Genetically altered crops that can grow in exceptionally dry or wet, hot or cold climates are an example
of:
Agricultural biotechnology

29. In which decade was DNA discovered?

1950’s

30. Microbes that can clean up waste water before it enters streams and lakes are an example of:
Environmental biotechnology

31. Flu vaccine in the form of a nasal spray is an example of:

Medical biotechnology

32. During what decade was Research Triangle Park developed?

1950’s
33. Upon which industries was North Carolina’s economy based in the past?
Furniture, textiles, tobacco
34. What is North Carolina’s current ranking in the United States for biotechnology?
3rd

35. Which product of yeast metabolism caused the balloon to inflate during our lab?
Carbon dioxide

36. What is the name of the metabolic process that yeast go through to produce their by-products?
fermentation

37. What are the products of yeast metabolism?

Carbon dioxide, ATP, alcohol

38. What is the name of the billionaire who is the owner of the North Carolina Research Campus?
**repeat question
David Murdock

39. What is the name of the person who first coined the term biotechnology?
Karl Ereky

40. To prepare for a job in the biotechnology field, it is important to take science and biotechnology classes,
but you should also take which kinds of classes?
Business and writing