Ready Made Speeches, Expressions and Letters For The Students

Readymade Speeches, Expressions and Letters for the Students
N.Sudheer Kumar, Lecturer in English,

Anurag Engineering College, Kodad. sudheerenglish@gmail.com
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Dedication
I dedicate this work to Dr.P.Rajeshwar Reddy, Secretary/Correspondent
of Anurag Engineering College and Secretary of Consortium of Engineering
Colleges Managements, A.P. He has given me an opportunity to work in this
esteemed institute, when I was down and out and needed this job desperately.
To be frank, I was not even in the competition, when many senior faculty
members have attended the interview along with me on 13th May 2007. He
has spotted some potentiality within me and created a post to take me in. That
had given me a lot of confidence and went on to receive my M.Phil degree,
became the youngest Anuragian to assume an administration office by
becoming the Training and Placement Officer. This particular work is
dedicated to him to convey him that I have fully utilized the opportunity he
had given me and I have made my own contribution in making this institute
an incubation centre for research and development.
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Acknowledgements
I express my deep gratitude to Dr.Akash N.Patwari, Principal, Anurag
Engineering College, who had written the Preface to this book.
My deep sense of gratitude is extended to Mr.D.Pandu Ranga Rao, HOD,
H&S, for his support and encouragement.
I thank Mr.YVR Naga Pavan for advising me to write this book. I thank Mr.
H.Venkateswara Rao, faculty of Environmental Science for his guidance in
writing the second chapter of this book.
I thank Mr.Bhupathy Rao, In charge of the Exam Branch for giving me the list
of the letters that students need to write on various occasions.
I thank my wife and my daughter without whose cooperation; I could not
have compiled this book.
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Preface
"Speech is Silver and Silence is gold", which is an obsolete idea today, because these
are the days where one has to express ones ideas, thoughts,abilties very clearly . When
it comes to the professional students, No one needs to tell about the importance of the
communication skills for them.
Engineering students from the rural backgrounds are not inferior to the students from
metro cities in any area except in the Communication Skills. I strongly believe that they
can pick up these essential skills with some effort. I call this book as a kick-starter for
the students, who want to be good speakers or a writers. If a student uses a prewritten
speech in this book and speks on the dais, it will help in a great deal to his/her confidence.
With that confidence he/she can prepare a script on his/her own and can make wonderful
speech. So is the case with the pre-written letters given in this book
In order to create an English speaking Environment, we have made a rule that all the
students and faculty should communicate exclusively in English in the college Premises.
I am glad that Sudheer has given the most frequenty used expressions in the classes/labs
in the second chapter of the book. The students and faculty , can reproduce those
expressions accordingly.
We know how important is the Compering/anchoring's role in making an event successful.
This is the first time I have come across a book that tells you how to do the anchoring in
the events. I congratulate Mr.Sudheer Kumar.N, for his efforts. I have spotted the talent
within him, I have made him the Training and Placement Officer. I wish him all the
success in his career as an author, placement officer and as well as a lecturer.
(Dr.Akash N.Patwari)
Principal
Anurag Engineering College
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Author's Message
Dear Students,
Being a lecturer in English Department is a challenging job because it is the only department that is
expected to show the results of its work immediately. For instance, if a student joins in the I B.Tech in
the month of September and commits a grammatical error in the same month, everyone points their
finger at the English Department. All the subjects in the professional courses have practical applications.
Students learn computer languages like "C", "C++" etc and No one bothers how many of you are able to
do the live projects on your own even in the IV B.Tech using these languages. It is not to find fault with
anybody but at the level of Engineering, Students are expected to put that extra effort to apply whatever
they learn in the theory classes into practice otherwise all the effort that is put in by your parents, college
management, faculty, government and by yourself by coming to college every day just goes in vain. If
you can apply whatever we teach in the English classes, you can write or speak any kind of an expression
in English. But some of you are failing to use the right expressions at the right time and you are being
mocked at I know you feel ashamed of this weakness. Let us not expose our weakness to the society.
Hence this book is an effort to uphold your pride. You need some time to improve your English but at the
same time we can not avoid using English in our day to day life or at least in the college, where all the
communication is supposed to happen in English. That is why I have written this book to help you out in
writing letters for various needs to various people of various ranks
Being an EMCEE/ compre (anchor) for the college day celebrations or any other function or seminars.
Knowing the Tips and Techniques to improve your English Language Communication Skills
To learn the day to day expressions that are used by the Native speakers of English
Matering the Clasified Vocabulary
In learning the Essential Vocabulary
proposing vote of thanks and many more
This book will help them in finding out the expressions that you need in different situation as mentioned
above. In this book, I have tried my best to cover all the situations that a student/faculty of comes across
every day.
The other work I have done previously was "text-analysis as a language learning strategy" submitted as
the dissertation for the fulfillment of my M.Phil Degree. I have worked so hard to write the dissertation
and proposed many new ideas in Teaching English in that work. Unfortunately, it could not be useful for
anybody except for fetching me an M.Phil degree. Hence, I have decided to do some work that will be
useful for the students. If any one of you derives benefit out of this book, it gives me an immense
pleasure and satisfaction for me.
Yours,
(N.Sudheer Kumar)
Lecturer in English.
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Contents
Chapter - I
Compre (anchoring) ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Tips for the Anchors: ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Welcoming the guests on to the dais ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Expressions to invite the Guests on to the dais: ....................................................................................................................... 9
Expressions to Honour the guests: ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Welcome speech ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Sample welcome speech: ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
Expressions to request the guest to address the gathering: ................................................................................................... 10
After the Speech ..................................................................................................................................................................... 10
During the prize distribution: ................................................................................................................................................. 11
Cultural Activities: ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
Dealing with the problematic crowd: ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Vote of Thanks: ....................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter - 2
Twenty days Challenge to enhance your English proficiency: ................................................................................................ 14
Chapter - 3
Class Room Expressions for the Teachers and the Students ................................................................................................... 17
Greetings and small expressions: ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Teacher to student classroom English .................................................................................................................................... 17
Student to teacher classroom English .................................................................................................................................... 18
In the examination hall ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
In the laboratory ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Chapter - 4
Readymade Speeches for different Occasion ......................................................................................................................... 23
Some tips to make a wonderful speech.................................................................................................................................. 23
Sample speeches: ................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Welcome speech on the inauguration of the technical paper presentation: ......................................................................... 23
Vote of thanks for the Valedictory ceremony of the Technical paper Presentation ............................................................... 24
Senior's speech on the occasion of the freshers' Party: ......................................................................................................... 24
Farewell Speech: ..................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Speech about the departmental Association ......................................................................................................................... 25
Inauguration of a guest lecture: (by a student) ...................................................................................................................... 25
Speech on improving English .................................................................................................................................................. 26
Independence Day celebrations ............................................................................................................................................. 26
Senior student's suggestion for the I B.Tech students during the orientation programme. ................................................... 27
Ethics in Professional Education ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Chapter - 5
Readymade letters for different occasions ............................................................................................................................. 29
Guidelines for writing good Professional letters: ................................................................................................................... 30
Leave Letter ............................................................................................................................................................................ 30
Requesting for the issuing of original Certificates: ................................................................................................................. 31
Requesting for the Bona fide certificate ................................................................................................................................. 32
Permission letter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Apology Letter for resorting to malpractice during External Examination (undertaking Letter by JNTU) .............................. 33
Apology Letter for coming to the college without proper dress code ................................................................................... 34
Complaint Letter ..................................................................................................................................................................... 34
Complaint letter about the poor quality food served in the Canteen. ................................................................................... 35
Change of Address: ................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Letter to the Bank manager about the loss of ATM cum Debit Card: ..................................................................................... 36
Chapter - 6
Useful Expressions in English .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Chapter - 7
Classified Vocabulary .............................................................................................................................................................. 46
Chapter - 8
Essential Vocabulary: .............................................................................................................................................................. 57
FREQUENTLY USED POLLYSYLLABIC (long) WORDS (3, 500)(words in Capital letters receive stress/accent) ....................... 58
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CHAPTER - I
Compre (anchoring)
Compre (anchor) plays a vital role in making an event successful. An anchor of the
event can radiate energy by being lively, by using the right tone and modulation, by using
impressive expressions, by using the right body language, by dressing sensibly etc. Here are
some tips given for the anchors:
Tips for the Anchors:
1. Some Anchors tend to give importance to accent and fluency rather than clarity. An anchor
should try to speak loudly and clearly rather than striving to use American accent. Many
people think that fluency is speaking more number of words per minute, which is completely
wrong. Fluency means speaking without having breaks. Speak at a reasonable pace quite
clearly. Your tongue should touch the hard palate of your mouth strong enough for your
voice to sound clearly to the audience.
"Brit or American, flaunt that accent only if you know how to do it correctly, else you could
just end up making a fool of yourself"
-an excerpt from an article on fake accent in Deccan chronicle on 1st September 2010
2. An anchor of the event must consider himself as the representative of the college /organization
that is organizing that particular event. You need not hesitate to use the word "I" to start the
proceedings.
3. Minimizing the use of paper to do the anchoring helps you in maintaining eye contact with
the audience.
4. Remember that the lectern on the dais is not to hide yourself behind it.
5. Wear a smile on your face, which acts as an antidote to your nervousness and makes your
tone impressive.
Welcoming the guests on to the dais
Before inviting the guests on to the dais, it is essential to brief the gathering about the essence of
the event and about your institute. I have here given a sample introduction:
"Good Afternoon! I am Srinivas.N of IV B.Tech EEE welcome you all to the STANZA-2k11. Anurag
Engineering College became a renowned place of learning over the last ten years, as it has the pride of
producing several luminaries in different disciplines. If you take a quick look around you, I am sure you
will agree that our institute has come a long way in the last few years. Dr P.Rajeswara Reddy had
envisaged the bright future of this college ten years back and all his dreams have come true today. It
was not a cakewalk. The diligent efforts of the management, various principals, and all the employees
have seen a remarkable spurt in making the college as the most preferred one in this region. We feel
proud to be the students of Anurag Engineering College because we are provided with the state-of-the-
art Infrastructure, well qualified faculty, a perfect atmosphere for academic pursuit. The pristine
surroundings of our college stage the most conducive atmosphere reminding us the ancient gurkulas
which were located in this kind of an atmosphere. The annual day of our college is really a moment that
we should enjoy and savor. Although we have miles to go, we need to celebrate each and every mile
stone in order to go ahead with added enthusiasm."
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After the brief introduction, the anchors should invite guests on to the dais. While inviting the guests on
to the dais, The Anchors should avoid using the same expression to invite all the guests on to the dais.
He/she has to use different expressions to invite different guests otherwise the language of the anchor
appears monotonous thus He/she fails to be impressive. Here are different phrases to invite the guests
on to the dais:
Remember:
1. Before you invite the guests on to the dais, ensure that you have got the list of all the guests
to welcome.
2. Before starting the proceedings, check with the chief Coordinator or organizers, whether
there are any additions or deletions in the list of the guests given to you.
3. Double check that the remarks you are going to make about your guests are factually correct.
4. Make sure that you pronounce their names correctly.
Expressions to invite the Guests on to the dais:
I consider it a great honour to welcome Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof _______________ on to
the dais
may I Invite the chief guest Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof __________________ on to the dais
The next dignitary to honour us with his/her presence is. Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof __________
I am glad to invite Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof_______________________ On to the dais
It will now be the turn of _____________________ to come on to the dais
I request Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof_________________________ to grace the dais
Next, we look forward for the presence of ___________________ on the dais.
It is my privilege to invite Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof ____________________ on to the dais.
With equal pleasure invite______________ on to the dais.
In some of the events, the role of the anchor is confined only to invite the guests on to the
dais and the later proceedings are looked after by the president of the meeting. In that case after
inviting the guests, use the following phrases and leave the stage:
Now, I request _______________________ (president) to preside over the meeting.
Now over to Mr./Ms____________________
Expressions to Honour the guests:
Now the dignitaries on the dais will be garlanded and offered bouquets.
I request Ms. Veena of I B.Tech to honour the chief guest with a bouquet.
Welcome speech
After inviting the guests on to the dais and honoring them with bouquets, it is our tradition
to have a welcome address. Anchor may invite someone representing the institute to welcome
the guests and all the invitees one by one. A sample welcome address is given below.
The essential elements to cover in your welcome speech are:
to specifically acknowledge any important guests
to generally welcome all the guests, stating the name of the event and host and thank them for
coming
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to give a brief introduction of the host
to give a brief introduction of the occasion
to give any especial welcomes ie.,to the important guests
to introduce the next speaker if appropriate
Sample welcome speech:
"I am really privileged to have the pleasant task of welcoming the distinguished gathering
for the college annual day celebrations STANZA-2k11. On behalf of the Anurag Engineering
College and on my own behalf, I warmly and respectfully welcome the Chief Guest, Hon'ble
Vice chancellor of JNTUH Prof D.N.Reddy. We are highly honoured that our Hon'ble Vice
chancellor is amongst us today. We are indeed grateful to the VC for graciously and readily
accepting our invitation. We are eagerly looking forward to his address.
Let me extend my thanks to Mr. Venepally chander Rao, MLA, Kodad, who has always
been with us. His presence is always a moral boost for us. I thank him for making his presence
despite his busy schedule.
A warm word of welcome to Dr.P Rajeswara Reddy, secretary/correspondent of our
college, we are waiting with full of ebullience to listen to your motivational words.
A hearty welcome to our Principal, Dr Akash N Patwari. He has an indomitable spirit
to maintain the discipline. His personal academic achievements are a source of motivation for
us.
Now,
I am pleased to invite all the committed teaching and non teaching staff of Anurag
Engineering College.
My word of welcome goes next to all the invitees, the parents and the vibrant students of
Anurag Engineering College."I thank you all for attending .i look forward to wonderful events
to follow. Thank you"
Expressions to request the guest to address the gathering:
Ladies and Gentlemen, we rarely get this kind of an opportunity to listen to the words of
great personality Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof______________________, So let us have the
privilege of listening to the message of Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof____________________
I Invite Mr./Ms/Sri/Smt/Dr./Prof____________ to address the gathering
Now, let us have the pleasure of listening to the opening remarks of the Honourable principal.
After the Speech
That was really an inspiring speech. Sir, On behalf of all the students of our college ,I promise
to put your words into practice
Thank you sir for your cogent message, we are charmed by your sharp eloquence
Sir/madam, I thank you for making such a thought provoking speech.
Thank you sir/madam, we have now come to know your secret of success, you have just now
preached what you have practiced. I assure you that we would follow in your foot steps to
reach the stars.
That was really an amazing speech, wasn't it (to the audience...). Sir/madam, I must tell you
that you have got the gift of the gab (ability to speak easily and confidently in a way that
makes people want to listen to you and believe you).
Thank you sir Thank you for your words of wisdom.
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During the prize distribution:
I request the chief guest _______________ to give away the prizes to the winners of literary
events/sports.
Thank you sir/madam for taking the trouble of giving away so many prizes. I am sure all the
winners felt proud of receiving the prizes from your hands.
While announcing the names of the prize winners, the compre has to maintain the same
kind of energy to invite all the winners in different categories. There is nothing like prestigious
events and non prestigious events. The person winning the Essay writing competition should
equally be treated as the one who wins the 100meters sprint as both of them have put in a lot of
effort, one physically and the other mentally.
Some useful phrases during prize distribution
The winner/runner of 400meters running is..
The best student award for the academic year 2010-11 goes to________________
Ladies and gentlemen put your hands together to invite winner of Jam competition Mr./Ms----------
I request the prize winners to come closer to the dais to so that we don't squander the valuable time.
Cultural Activities:
Everyone may not agree with me but the home truth is that people wish that the cultural
activities start as early as possible. The person who does the anchoring for the cultural activities
can afford to a bit informal than the previous events. At this juncture, completely do away with
the prewritten scripts. All you need to remember is the name of the performer and what he/she
going to perform.
Some phrases:
Now we are going to have a very flamboyant and raucous event
Now, we are going to have a rocking performance by Mr. Syam of III B.Tech
Let's give a big round of applause to Ms Vandana of IV B.Tech, who is going to sing a
melodious song for us.
That was a splendid performance... Mr. Syam
It was an incredible dancing performance by Ms Meena
Wow... what an amazing performance
It was a class act.
As we normally do not use any negative description in the college function as does by in
the reality shows on Telugu TV channels, any of the following phrases could be used based on
the suitability
Gorgeous
Alluring
Attractive
Appealing
Sweet
Good-looking
Charming
Glamorous
Beautiful
Eye-catching
Smart
Striking
Fascinating
Beautiful
Bubbly
Sparkling
Full of life
Shining
Vivacious
Energetic
Head turner
Humorous
Smart
Witty
Funny
Stunning
Lovely
Superb
Exquisite
Fabulous
Excellent
Fantastic
Outstanding
Exceptional
Terrific
Wonderful
Glittering
Likeable
Attention-grabbing
Impressive
Sparkling
Remarkable
Marvelous
Prominent
Pleasing
Extraordinary
Great
Amazing
Elegant
Fashionable
Stylish
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Dealing with the problematic crowd:
Many people in spite of having desire to do the anchoring, hesitate to do the anchoring keeping the
problematic crowd in mind. I have got the opportunity to do the anchoring in the final year (in 2005)
of my post graduation for the College Annual day celebrations of Nagarjuna University College. Dr
P.Raja Sekhar, the then HOD of English Department kept the responsibility of doing the anchoring
and choosing the other two anchors to accompany me. It was not that there weren't any one who could
do better but everyone was afraid of the crowd in the university. At the university level, we can not
expect the students to be disciplined as the students of corporate colleges. So, I have shouldered the
responsibility of doing the anchoring because I was at the verge of finishing my education and I
thought I would not be getting the opportunity as such any more.
On that day, the atmosphere was electrifying with Vice chancellor, chief guests, Executive members
of the university and students over two thousand .From the dais, the crowd was appearing as if it was
a huge ocean to me. My junior was first to start the proceedings, as expected a part of the crowd
started giving slogans "anchor maralianchor marali" . Situation was not dissimilar when the turn
of my other classmate did the anchoring. Then I have decided not to allow the problematic crowd to
dictate terms to me. First thing I did was to keep my voice as loud as possible and I stopped reading
from the prewritten script. I tried to make spontaneous remarks. Soon I could gain control over the
audience and to my surprise , Prof.Hara Gopal Reddy, Principal of University College and the Present
vice chancellor of Nagarjuna University stood right behind me and said " Those two were faltering ,
you alone continue till the end" , which gave me a lot of confidence and I continued till the end.
Vote of Thanks:
Ladies and gentlemen
It is a great honor and privilege to be called upon to propose a Vote of Thanks. I thank Prof D.N.Reddy,
whose presence today is a great source of motivation to us. We are extremely grateful to Mr. Venepally Chander
Rao to have acceded to our request to join with us for our college annual day celebrations. I thank all the
guests for being patient and giving away so many prizes. I would like to thank all our honored guests for their
presence and participation today.
For this overwhelming success, I should thank Dr.P Rajeswara Reddy garu for leading us from front in making
arrangements for this auspicious occasion.
I thank our principal for enunciating the college report and promising more achievements for the next academic
year. I thank the officers' trio, Mr. Jai Pal Reddy, Mr. Pandu Ranga Prasad and Mr. Bhupathi Rao, who have
given yeomen's service and setting a right example of administrating and monitoring the work.
I thank all the members of different committees for their unstinted support for this function by working with
great alacrity. I express my deep sense of gratitude to all the vivacious volunteers, who have done a commendable
job in making the arrangements.
I would like to congratulate all the prize winners for leading the way in attaining many great accomplishments.
I thank from the bottom of the heart, the conveners of various events for the successful conduction of various
events.
I thank all the energetic performers in the cultural activities for enthralling performances.
I would like to thank again all the guests, staff, parents and all our students fro sharing the responsibilities and
joy with us today. I hope the memories of this day will be alive forever.
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While proposing Vote of thanks, you should look at the person to whom you are thanking. As you can see in
the above picture, I am looking straight at the Chief Guest "Prof. Sai Baba Reddy, former Registrar of
JNTUH, while thanking him for his valuable message. He has even acknowledged my remarks.
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CHAPTER - 2
Twenty days Challenge to enhance your English proficiency:
The moment you see this heading your eyes would have lit up. It might have sounded like the book
30 days to improve your English. I do not mean to say that you can master LSRW skills in twenty days but
there will be a significant difference in your proficiency of English, if you follow the below mentioned
guide lines. You might feel that "it is easier said than done". I am also a student of Telugu medium in a small
town. I have studied in Chintakrindhi Kankaiah High school, Mangalagiri. But I have practiced the following
guidelines and it has brought about a dramatic improvement in my proficiency in English language and I
recommend anyone who wishes to improve their English Language communication skills, to follow the
guidelines mentioned below:
1. Students should buy the book, ENGLISH CONVERSATION PRACTICE, by Grant Taylor, Mc Graw
Hill publishers. They have to read the phrases and expressions aloud. Your ears should listen to you
uttering the phrases There is a book called " Learn Spoken English in half the time" written by Lynn
Lund Quist, the whole essence of the book is that anybody who wants learn any new language, She/he
has to take some text of that language and he/she has to read it aloud. Our ears should listen to our voice.
Then the listening mechanism in the brain gives a positive signal to speaking mechanism that this man
has spoken this particular sentence so many times and he/she can speak it without hesitation. The best
example I can give you here is, No matter whatever the background of the student, he/she does not
hesitate say "May I come in sir". But the same student hesitates to say "Nice to meet you". The number
of words is same. But the only difference is that his/her ears have heard him/her speaking the phrase
"May I come in sir many times. This is not a new theory for us; small Brahmin kids can say Vedas
effortlessly by using this technique only. Students should use this ENGLISH CONVERSATION
PRACTICE, by Grant Taylor so that they can improve their English conversation. There is no other
book available in the market that can match this book. It costs 120 rupees. (30 minutes per day)
2. Every day, each student has to translate an article in Telugu news paper into English. Let it be a small
article, Then the students' minds start probing, "How to tell this expression in English?". "What word to
be used for this Telugu word in English, for example a student has come to me asked me what is to be
called ~ \T (when a building collapses, whatever the material remaining after the collapse)" in English.
I just told him that it is called debris. Likewise we can improve your Vocabulary, syntax and writing
skills. So, How to find that word that is probing you to find the meaning? Many people do not realize the
importance of Telugu to English dictionary. Here the Telugu to English Dictionary will definitely help
you in finding out the right word. Telugu to English dictionary is published by Oxford University Press,
I recommend that Dictionary, rather that Sankarnarayana's or CP Brown's dictionaries. As the in these
dictionaries the Telugu language that is used is the language of 19th century. Now most of these words
are not at all in use.(10 minutes a day)
3. If reading is the input, writing is the output. For speaking listening is very important. As I have mentioned
in the first point, the student should listen to his/her own voice. Apart from that, we have to ensure that
they listen to English news channels. . Our brains are programmed in such a way that we remember
songs 20 times more that sentences. Some songs by Boy zone or Britney spears are very good and if we
listen to them we quite regularly, we can easily memorize them. (10 minutes a day)
4. Many People recommend you to watch English movies to improve your English. I agree with them but
with a small correction. Instead of watching the whole movie passively. Watch a particular scene of the
movie, repeatedly. This is what is called active listening. A lot of research had been done and it has been
Page 13
concluded that this particular method will definitely help the listener to internalize the language. You
need not worry about memorizing the dialogues; just watch a particular scene in that particular movie
again and again. Your subconscious mind takes care of storing the language and vocabulary in your
minds. (10 minutes a day)
5. I do not subscribe to the view that one should speak English, without worrying about the mistakes that
they would commit. It is can only help a person to overcome his/her shyness to speak English but if a
person keeps on speaking English with so many Grammatical errors in his speech, slowly he/she gets
used to speaking English with the same grammatical errors. I have been observing a professor of English
in a reputed institute for the last ten years; He speaks English very fluently but with so many grammatical
errors. I have not seen even a small improvement in his proficiency of English. Nobody dares to correct
him also. People talk about his lack of proficiency behind his back only.( even I have not). So learn the
basic grammar at least Tenses. You should learn correct English and you should try to speak correct
English as much as possible. But remember, nobody or nothing is perfect in the world. You should strive
for excellence not for perfection. (30 minutes a day)
6. Read an English Newspaper daily. The Hans of India is the news paper that I recommend the students to
read for these reason: using the right word in the right context, touching upon the issues that are relavant
to the state and our region, and more importantantly, it has got a student offer where the students just
have to pay 200 rupees for for six months subscription. Just like Active Listening, we need to do active
reading with the news paper. Instead of reading the whole paper passively, try to identify the unfamiliar
words in an article that you find it to be interesting, observe the collocations, tone of the article and the
sentence structure etc. (30 minutes a day)
Allocate 2 hours a day like this for 20 days and find the difference within you. Our day of 24 hours is divided
into three equal parts of 8 hours each. First eight hours for work, second eight hours are for rest and the
remaning eight hours are for entertainment. You can keep these two hours of time in a day under the
entertainment part as all you are going to do is to read newspapers, listening to music, writing an article etc.
You do not need to put yourself understress to do all these things, infact, you can use these things as the
stress busters, listening to the music for example. If you can find considerable difference within 2 days. If
you continue to do not for one or two years you with do wonders.
CHAPTER - 3
Class Room Expressions for the Teachers and the Students
Teachers have to be good communicators in English. Every teacher should always bear in their mind
that the students observe and catch the language of the teachers hence the teachers must use right expressions
In English. Students irrespective of their back grounds, use the expression "may I come in sir/madam" so
easily for the obvious reason is that the expression has been used for a long time by them. All the expressions
given in this chapter are also as easy as the expression "May I come in sir?" But this small talk has to be
internalized by the teachers and students and should be able to speak these expressions as effortlessly as
"May I come in sir/madam". This small talk helps a lot in boosting the confidence of the students, which
would pave the way for them to speak some longer sentences. There are two types of English:
Conversational English
Subjective English
Some students are proficient in conversational English and some in subjective English. Conversational
English is to speak some small expressions in English fluently like requesting, taking permissions, seeking
information and so on. A person is considered to have subjective English if he/she can speak or write on
intellectual topics. Some students are good at both; some students are good at conversational English and
Page 14
some are good at subjective English. Obviously, speaking subjective English is much more difficult than
conversational English; however, people who speak conversational English make a very good first
impression. These people use very small expressions like "Hi", "How is the day so far...", "has a nice
day..." with a good accent thereby making the other people feel that he/she is very good at English but if
you want them speak on any of the intellectual topic, their true colors would be revealed. However one
has to take a leaf out of their book. They are creating very good first impression, which is the best
impression. If you go to an interview and make this good first impression to get the job, what else you
need? So, use every opportunity to use the conversational English and it has to be started in the class
room. So let us see different expressions to be used in the classroom.
Greetings and small expressions:
Good morning everybody Good afternoon everyone
See you tomorrow/next week How are you today?
Fine Have a nice day
Teacher to student classroom English
What we are going to cover today is...
Today, I am going to talk about...
The important point I want to make today is...
Last time, we talked about...; today we will go on and...
First of all, I would like to talk about...
Today's topic is...
What I want to do today is...
Before starting the lesson, let me briefly recap yesterday's lesson
Now, let's start today's lesson
Have you done the homework?
Today we will be discussing.
The importance of this topic is
If that's clear, we will go on to the next point.
Now, let's approach the problem in a different way.
The second point I want to make is...
Let's get back to the idea of...
I'd like to finish talking about... before we move on.
Are you following? Or day dreaming?
Will you please keep quiet?
Are you ready?
Let me give you an example.
For instance
Let us take_______ for example.
What's the problem
Excellent! You have the work very well; however, there is some room for improvement.
If anybody requires some additional information, you can meet me in staffroom.
Could you speak louder please? I can't hear you
Now, let's move on to
That's correct
Listen carefully
That's right
Perfect
What is another meaning of ____________?
The study material is with the CR (class representative), you can get it Xeroxed, if you want.
Let me take the attendance
Why were you absent yesterday?
Page 15
It is easy to fall behind with your studies if you miss even just a few classes
I am sorry to say that if you keep on skipping the classes like this, you will be in the danger of detention.
Yesterday, I have observed that some students have given proxy attendance. I hope they would rectify their before I resort to severe actions.
You can dress down on Saturdays (dress code relaxation). But on the remaining days, you should be in the formal outfits
You should know the subject Inside out
rote-learning (mugging up) is not at all useful
Your performance in the I Mid term examination is quite satisfactory.
Have a look at the past papers, it will help you in getting an idea about the exam pattern
You do not need to be in panic about the exams
Student to teacher classroom English
Can I come to your office
Would you give us an example
Sir, would you mind repeating that
Could you say that again please?
Sir/madam, your voice is not audible to the last benches; could you speak a little louder?
How do you say_________ in English
What page?
I don't understand
I am sorry sir I am not able to recall the answer
Sir/madam Please do not erase the board..I am yet to copy the information on it
What is the difference between "a" and "b"?
Could you explain a little bit more about it
I didn't understand today's lesson
When is the homework due?
When shall we submit the assignment?
Excuse me sir/madam, can I talk to you for a minute
Can I change seats?
I'm sorry I am late
I am not feeling well can I go to the rest room?
Sir/madam, I hope you take this in the right spirit, I am not able to make out the concept you are teaching.
I am terrible sorry if I had done any thing wrong. I assure you that I won't repeat it again
I have nauseous feeling, shall I go to the wash room.
I was absent yesterday because I was feeling a bit feverish yesterday.
My head is throbbing shall I leave the class.
When I sat down and looked at the exam paper my mind just went blank
In the examination hall
Please be seated according to the given seating arrangement
Verify your details on the OMR sheet.
Do not write anything on the question paper except your hall ticket number
Deposit your mobile phones and wallets with me
Do not forget to fill in your set number and question paper code.
Only half an hour left.
Strike off the blank pages
Make it fast, we are running out of time
In the laboratory
Wearing apron is obligatory in the chemistry laboratory.
Please handle the equipment carefully
You will not be allowed into the lab without record/observation/drafter.
Sign in the log in register before turning on the system.
After the successful execution of the experiment, handover the equipment to the lab assistant.
Please arrange the chairs before leaving the lab
Page 16
CHAPTER - 4
Readymade Speeches for different Occasion
Some tips to make a wonderful speech
When developing your speech, research it, get your facts right and make sure you know what message you
want to get across.
Speak from the heart, believe in what you are saying and take control of your audience.
Rehearse your speech in front of a mirror or in front of a friend or family member (ask them for helpful
suggestions).
When you practice your speech, time yourself. If it is too long or too short you will need to make changes.
If you are well prepared you do not need to use your notes too much.
End your speech with your prepared ending and wait for applause OR stand back from the lectern / table.
Enjoy your speech, have fun and use the opportunity to deliver a speech that enhances your image!
Sample speeches:
Welcome speech on the inauguration of the technical paper presentation:
Good morning one and all, it gives me an immense pleasure to inaugurate the Anurag Vista-2k10, a
national level technical paper presentation and technical Quiz. I am happy to welcome Patron of
Anurag Vista, Dr.P.Rajeswara Reddy garu, Principal, Dr Akash N Patwari, Honourable members of
the Advisory committee and organizing committee, faculty and participants.
Today, Anurag Engineering College is proud to host the minds and the master minds from all over the
country. Events like national level paper presentations are part and parcel of healthy academic
environment. So, first of all, give a big round of applause to the college management.
We live in an age of progress. Those days of mugging up the subject and reproducing in the exams
have gone and if any one of the students still does the same, will stay behind and will recede. Those
students who want to make their future journey smooth and impressive must develop the ability to do
research to propose new ideas and theories. Students should participate in these kinds of events and
they should send some of their papers to the national and the international journals. It would definitely
help you to enhance the creativity.
Ladies and gentlemen, you all know the importance of "presentation" .the world is their oyster for the
students, who have good presentation skills. Here we should not forget that the people with good
presentation skills are not born but they are made. One can master the presentation skills only by
making presentations repeatedly. Even if a student makes presentations at the college level, it would
definitely help him/her in developing presentation skills. If a student can present at the national level
events like Anurag vista, it would do a world of good to his/her self confidence. Therefore, each and
every participant is winner of priceless self confidence.
Sharing our ideas with others is the best way of creating more ideas. So let us share and discuss our
ideas. An idea can change our life but the ideas of the technocrats can change the course of the world.
So, get ready to quench your thirst for technical knowledge.
Vote of thanks for the Valedictory ceremony of the Technical paper Presentation
Dignitaries on the dais, Organizing committee, participants, faculty and volunteers,
It is a great honor and privilege to be called upon to propose a Vote of Thanks for the valedictory
session of Anurag Vista-2k10. I have to say that Anurag Vista-2k10 has been a great success, the
participation levels of the students and the quality of the papers presented are the indicators of the
Page 17
success.
For this overwhelming success, I should first thank Dr.P.Rajeswara Reddy garu, whose indomitable
spirit to uphold the higher academic standards has led to organize this highly purposeful event. I
thank Dr.Vinay babu garu, whose presence today is a great source of motivation to us. Our grateful
thanks are directed to all the guest of honours and the members of the Advisory committee, belong
to eminent walks of life and they managed to stay their preoccupations to attend this event and give
the event the benefit of their erudition and experience.
I am grateful to our principal Dr.Akash N Patwari, whose guidance, support and the constant
monitoring has been one of the prime reasons for the success of the event.
Ladies and Gentlemen, Today, We have discovered a great event manger in our college in the form
of Dr.N. Ravi kumar, the convener of the Event. Well done sir!
The members of various committees and the student volunteers connected with the holding of this
event are to have our gratitude and thanks.
At the end of the day, participation matters and the participants from various colleges are to whom
we are indebted for making the event a great success. I would like to congratulate all the participants
for presenting papers of high quality
Before I conclude, I therefore thank you all once again for your excellent cooperation and we
remember everybody's share in the success of Anurag Vista-2k10.
Senior's speech on the occasion of the freshers' Party:
Honourable principal, Head of the departments, esteemed faculty, and all my friends,
At the very outset, I would like to express my best compliments to you all on the occasion of the
'Freshers' day' today. I am privileged to stand before you to welcome all the junior friends. I must
congratulate them all on their selecting the best college in the district. It is known fact that we have
a dynamic management, motivated lecturers and devoted professors. We are taught in a beautiful
environment .Owing to all these things, our college secure has become a pioneer in this region.
You have stepped into this college with fresh thoughts, noble aims, high hopes and aspirations. I
assure you that your ambitions will be accomplished by the successful guidance of our beloved
lecturers.
The flag of Anurag group of Institution is hosting in every nook and corner of our state due to
brilliant performance shown by some of our senior friends. It is the first and foremost duty of yours
to follow the footsteps to achieve laurels to our college.
We, the seniors, are always ready to extend our helping hand to the juniors regarding studies. The
functions like this will create kind of friendly atmosphere among us. We are ready to offer any kind
of assistance you need. It's time I took leave of you wishing you bright career.
Thank you very much for giving me this opportunity.
Farewell Speech:
Respected dignitaries on the dais, seniors and my dear classmates,
I rise to speak to you today with a heavy heart because today we would be bidding farewell to the
college. Four years of engineering, seems to have passed very quickly. Now we are on the verge of
completion of our course. For many of us, it is like a dream come true to have done our graduation
in a very prestigious college like this. We have been taught the most advanced technology along
with traditional values. We have been imparted scientific temper along with ethics. The college has
engineered us into very good Engineers along with compassionate human beings.
Page 18
Saying adieu to such a fantastic college is a very painful thing. I will miss this college, the faculty,
and my beloved friends. I extend my heart full wishes to the college management for rendering their
continuous support to the students. And I hope it will continue the same, with the coming batches
also. Now friends the time has come, to part. All the best to you all and warm wishes to the college
management for their successful administration.
Speech about the departmental Association
Dignitaries on the dais, Heads of the departments, faculty and my dear friends, I am Ramya sree of
III B.Tech ECE. Today I would like to tell a few words about the departmental Association of ECE
department ECE on the occasion of its first anniversary. The departmental association of ECE has
been established in the year 2009. The association plays a significant role as an important adjunct to
course work since it sponsors lectures by eminent engineers, debates, competitions, general knowledge
quiz, essay competitions and various programmes and, in general, stimulate interest in the diverse
spheres of a student's life. The association strives for synchronization between academic learning
and recent development in Industry and thereby to provide opportunity for all round development of
students.
This association is run by the students and for the students to achieve the above objectives. The
faculty advisors are appointed by the department to advice students regarding the various activities
conducted by E-Spice. This helps students to learn the managerial skills also. The association has
been well established and has been working very actively since the inception and I wish the association
continues to flourish and to achieve its objectives. Thank you very much.
Inauguration of a guest lecture: (by a student)
Honourable Guest, faculty and my dear friends,
I would like to welcome you all for the second guest lecture in this semester. My dear friends, as you
all know, our Secretary/ correspondent and our Principal, wants to have a vibrant academic atmosphere
in the college by conducting various seminars, paper presentations, group discussions and guest
lectures. Guest lectures are part and parcel of having such vibrant academic atmosphere.
It is indeed a remarkable day in the history of our department as we have Mr. Ravi Kumar, who is
going to give his guest lecture on "Robotics". We have heard a lot about him. Mr. Ravi Kumar,
besides his long list of qualifications of expertise, has vast academic experience. He has authored
many books and many of his articles have been published in national and international journals.
Many of his students are very well placed in many government and non government organizations.
I must thank our head of the department for arranging this guest lecture by such a renowned
academician.
In today's environment, hoarding knowledge ultimately erodes your power. If you know something
very important, the way to get power is by actually sharing it. At Anurag, emphasis is given on not
only making you academically brilliant, but to make true leaders and team players, thus preparing
you for the real life corporate world. This is done by inviting people from industries and top institutions
to provide valuable information to our students.
We Invite Eminent personalities form various Industries and Institutions to lend valuable Information
from their Experiences to our students. Guest Lecture is a way of enriching our students with the
latest updates of the Industries and Technicalities. The Students are bestowed with knowledge about
Industry needs, latest technical updates, Avenues for Higher studies etc.
These kinds of guest lectures would certainly help us to dwell deep into the subject rather than
having a superficial understanding of the subject. I suggest you all to be interactive through out the
seminar rather than being passive listeners. The more interest you show the more benefit you gain
Page 19
from this lecture .I don't want to take much time as I know that you are eagerly waiting to listen to his
lecture. Before I conclude, I once again thank the management, the principal and the Head of the
department for setting up a right platform for us to brain storm on this topic
Thank you.
Speech on improving English
Good afternoon everybody, I am Aathira Vijayan of II B.Tech IT (A) section, I am glad to say today
a few words on the subject which is of vital importance to us,
English is now the international language .So it is very important to learn English well. We should
study English in the correct way, so that we can make the most of the time we spend learning
English. Discovering ways to improve their English is a problem which baffles many students.
There are three ways to improve English
First of all, we have to learn many English words and study English grammar in great detail. Reading
is the best way to increase vocabularies and learn how to avoid making grammar errors. If we read
magazines written in English, regular reading will make it easier for us to remember the many new
words we come across. Having a dictionary is just like having a teacher close at hand. We need to
use a dictionary to look up those words that we don't know. It makes reading a very enjoyable
pastime.
Secondly, besides learning to read English, we must learn to understand spoken English, and practice
speaking. Try listen to radio stations, if at first you don't understand, keep listening and maintain a
regular habit of listening to radio stations. Repeat after the broadcast and learn how to pronounce
correctly and frequently.
Thirdly, we should try to talk with people who will give you conversation practice. Don't be afraid to
speak, afraid to be laughed at. If we never learn to take risks to open mouths, it will be impossible to
improve speaking skills. There is no reason to be ashamed of speaking poor English. If we can learn
from our mistakes, failure can become part of our success. In fact, the secret of success may come
from failure.
In conclusion, there is no short cut to learning English. Persistence is the major secrets of success. If
you want use English as your native language, don't ever give up trying to achieve your goal. If we
are prepared to work hard at it, we will be successful in the end
Independence Day celebrations
Good Morning Everybody,
At this congregation to celebrate the 64th Independence Day, I should only say that on this day it is
incumbent on us to remember our national leaders who have made sacrifices for getting independence
for the country.
We all should be proud to be born in this country. Our country is a perfect example of "unity in
diversity". India is the largest democracy in the world. Our economy is developing in leaps and
bounds. There are so many things we should feel proud of however; there are some problems posing
a serious threat to the nation's development. The gap between the rich and poor has always been
formidable and has only made the poor people more frustrated. Terrorists want to create unrest in the
country. Corruption is obstructing the fruits of development reaching the poor people.
My dear friends! Now is the time to show our courage, now is the time to display our unity, and now
is the time to fight against the poverty. We, the youngsters should shoulder the responsibility of
transforming India from developed country from being developed country.
If you can not fight against corruption, try to stay away from it. If you can't eradicate poverty in the
Page 20
country, at least eradicate poverty at your home. If you can't imbibe values in the society, at least
inculcate them within you.
It is also time for us to do away from the blaming the society and the government. John F Kennedy
said. "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can for the country". We can contribute
to the development of our country by doing our work sincerely. On this auspicious day I declare that
I practice what I have preached and I hope you all do the same.
Thank you very much.
Senior student's suggestion for the I B.Tech students during the orientation programme.
Good Afternoon Everybody. Today, I would like to extend a warm welcome to the I B.Tech students.
Let me first congratulate you all for choosing the best college in the region. To achieve your goals or
expectations, you need to do some small things right, they are small things but big things happen
when you do the small things right.
The first thing that I want you to do is to be regular to the college. You should not miss any classes
or labs. Students tend to think that they need only 75% of attendance to attend the examinations yes,
it is enough to attend the exams but not enough to become merit student. You should not miss any
classes or labs.
The next thing I suggest you is to do away with the procrastination or postponing. So many surveys
have proved that it is the biggest enemy to many students. Especially you the I B.Tech students have
to fight against this enemy. You can be a bit lethargic as you have been idle for almost for 6 months.
You have to finish studying the topics that have been taught in the classes on the same day itself as
soon as you go home. For that you need to bury yourself in books for at least four hours a day.
Learning the core subject inside out is so important but there is one more important thing that every
student should learn almost parallel with your core subject is " English language" you should spend
at least one hour a day to learn English. Of course, you have to communicate only in English in the
college campus. You should not feel shy to speak English. Do not think that if I make mistakes while
speaking in English, people would make fun out of me. That won't happen in Anurag. Everybody
will appreciate you speaking in English. No body minds if it is a broken English or Spoken English
I asked you to spend four hours for studying core subjects and one hour for learning English language,
which means that you need to spend at five hours with your studies. You may think that it is not
possible. I can confidently say that it is possible provided that you should avoid the timewasters. The
time waster number one is your mobile phone. We do not allow the students to carry their mobile
phones into college campus rather than we forcing you, you should have a self control over using
phone. For all the parents who are here, I would like to stress that if you want your son or daughter
to prosper in their career, you should not give him a mobile phone. The time waster number two is
the television. You should stop gluing to the television in order work on some productive work
Anurag Engineering College has been the most preferred college in the region. You might not have
seen the advertisement of Anurag in the local cable TV or you might not have found big hoardings of
Anurag. But we are the most preferred college just because of the standards we maintain in providing
the quality education to the budding professionals. I hope you all work hard to keep the flag of
Anurag to fly high. Thank you.
Page 21
CHAPTER - 5
Readymade letters for different occasions
Communication in the professional organizations happens mostly in written. Students, the moment they enter
into a professional institute, they are asked to put their pen on paper for each and every request, complaint or
any for any other reason. They are perplexed by this and mistook it as the Red Tapism. Something given in
writing has some advantages:
There is a lesser chance for the message to be misunderstood.
It can be used for the purpose of maintaining a record.
Authorities take complaint in written more seriously than the oral one.
No one can evade this as long as he/she is in the professional organization as a student o r an employee. The
audience for these letters is the higher officials. It is not a good practice to write letters to the higher officials
with so many spelling and grammatical errors. Although making mistakes is part and parcel of learning, making
some blunders and taking them to the higher officials will not help you in fulfilling the purpose of your work.
In this chapter, I have given ready-to-use letters for needs that a student comes across everyday. The format and
the expressions used in the letter may look new to you but still use them without any hesitation because they
are written in the format that is used internationally. Avoid using the Indian English as much as possible
because you are going to work in multinational companies.
When I attended the interview of BPO of GE (General Electronics) the HR, Mr. Sandeep commented remarked
that I had Mother Tongue Influence. I was clue less at that time what was mother tongue influence was.
Mother tongue influence is not just about pronunciation but also about using the Standard English expressions.
We should not translate the expressions in Indian Languages into English Just like Chiranjeevi does in the
movie Shankar Dada MBBS. The classic example of the mother tongue influence is "What is your good
name?" which is a word to word translation of the Hindi expression "aap ka shubh naam kya hai?. The native
Englishmen would be confused and he might say, "I don't have good name and bad name, I have only one
name. I had a similar experience when an international seminar was held at Nagarjuna University in the year
2004. I was serving food to Prof. Gordon Tucker, renowned linguist; He asked me what was that curry. I said
it was "ladies finger", He said "I am not a cannibal to eat ladies fingers'. He was just kidding after all he was a
linguist. He knew it was an Indian expression to "okra" but he just wanted me to realize that it was not Standard
English expression. The both expressions that I have shared above had a lot of influence over me and I want my
students to be aware of the mother tongue influence.
Let us see what are the Indian expressions we use and why they have to be avoided.
Indian Usage Standard English Usage
Respected sir in letters Dear sir
Yours obediently or Your respectfully Yours sincerely/truly/respectfully
Ladys finger okra
Brinjal aubergine
Hotel restaurant
Pay attention on, angry on , discuss about Pay attention to, angry wit/at !bea"iour#, discuss
$o"er %n"elope
&oday 'orning &is 'orning
Yesterday nigt Last nigt
(arriage )edding
*ull si rt, alf sirt *ull slee"es, alf slee"es
+lso
, also need pen
too
, too need pen
-ugar Diabetic
Lifting te pone Picking up te pone
Doubt *ollow up .uestion
-ift to new ouse (o"ing to new ouse
, did 'y graduation at presidency college , earned 'y bacelors degree at presidency college
$ousin broter, cousin sister etc $ousin
,n tension /er"ous
Hardworking Diligent
)ould be *ianc0/fianc0e
Ragging *agging
Discuss about Discuss
+ngry on +ngry wit

Page 22
Guidelines for writing good Professional letters:
1. Before you begin writing a business letter, define clearly your purpose in writing. Make sure that you have
a clear idea of:
The events that have led to your writing the letter
Your maximum aims (the most you can hope to achieve)
Your realistic aims (what you expect to achieve)
The information you need to explain in the letter
The argument you need to deploy
2. If you are writing to someone whose name and title you do not know, use the greeting Dear Sir or madam,
and the ending yours faithfully, signing yourself with your initials and surname.
3. If you are writing to a named person, address them as Dear Mr./Mrs./Miss/Ms____, and end Yours Sincerely,
followed by your first name and surname.
4. Your letter should sound natural. Your personality should never be sacrificed for the sake of pedantic style
or flowery language. Write your letters as if you are talking to the persons concerned face to face. Imagine
for a moment that you are in the same room with them. What would you tell them? Write your letters in the
same pattern of language.
Leave Letter
Kodad
05th October 2010
To
Dr. Akash N. Patwari, Principal,
Anurag Engineering College,
Kodad
Sub: - Leave Letter
Dear Sir,
I hereby wish to apply for leave on Monday, 6th October, '10 as I have an appointment with the Dentist.
I request you to kindly grant me one day leave for the same.
Thanking You,
Yours Sincerely,
(Subba Rao.P)
H.T.No: 09C11A0129
II B.Tech Civil
Requesting for the issuing of original Certificates:
Kodad
05th October 2010
To
Dr. Akash N. Patwari
Principal,
Kodad
Sub: - Issue of my original certificates
Sir,
My name is A.V.Rao. I have studied in this esteemed institute from 2006 to 2010. I have successfully completed my
graduation recently and I have been placed in Infosys. I do not have any dues to be paid to the college and I have also
returned all the borrowed books to the library. I have enclosed the no dues certificates from the office as well as the Library
along with this letter.
So, I would like to request to issue my original certificates which have been with the institute for the course of study.
Thanking you,
Yours sincerely,
A.V.Rao, ECE Branch,
Page 23
H.T No: 06C11A0420.
Enclosures: No Dues Certificates from the Accounts Officer and Library.
Requesting for the Bona fide certificate
Kodad
05th October 2010
To
Principal,
Kodad
Sub: - Issue of Bonafide Certificate
Sir,
I am S.Sunil of I B.Tech, CSE bearing the hall Ticket Number 10C11A0550. I am writing this letter to request you to issue
a Bonafide certificate for the Purpose of applying for EBC scholarship.
As the last date for applying for the scholarship is fast approaching, I request you to oblige and the same be made available
to me at the earliest.
Thanking you,
Yours sincerely,
S.Sunil
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Sri/Kum/Ms._________________ _______________________S/o/D/o
_____________________________________________________________R/o belonging to Village, located
at______________________________________________a distance of________KM from the
college________________Mandal_______________________District. He/She was admitted in this college
of__________________________course on________________date with admission number_________________during
the academic year_________________and the course will be completed by_______________. He/She belongs
to_____________Caste___________Sub Caste. His/ her Parental Income per year is Rs._________________as per the
college admission register. The student is eligible for college attached hostel/student managed hostel/day scholar
scholarships. The student is admitted into college attached hostel on_____________(date).
Place:
Date:
Signature & Name of the Principal
(Name of the Educational Institution With seal)
(Please observe that "Bonafide" can also be written as "Bona fide". Both the spellings are correct. But many students
write it as "Bonafied", which is to be avoided)
Permission letter
Kodad
13th September 2010
To
Principal,
Kodad
Sub: - Permission letter
Dear Sir,
I need to go to bank to draw a Demand Draft in favour of "Institute for electronic governance" for registering in JKC.
Therefore I request you to grant permission for one hour i.e., from 13:00 hrs to 14:00 hrs.
I have approached you through proper channel by giving prior intimation to Academic counselor of our section and Head
of the department, Mr.YVR Naga Pavan.
Hence I request you to permit me to go to bank.
Thanking You,
Page 24
Yours Sincerely,
(Sindhuja V)
H.T.No: 07C11A1236
IV B.Tech IT
Apology Letter for resorting to malpractice during External Examination (undertaking Letter by JNTU)
Kodad
12.06.2010
From
V.Ravan kumar
Hall Ticket Number: 04PR1A0420
B.Tech (CSE), Sri Lanka Engineering College
Bobbarlanka
To
The Controller of Exams
JNTUH
Kukatpally, Hyderabad
Sub: Apology for resorting to malpractice
Dear Sir/madam,
I, Ravan Kumar.V, would like to sincerely apologize for resorting to malpractice during my MI exam held on 11.06.2010.
I confess that I have brought cheating slips containing the formulas related to the subject and I was caught red handed
by the observer deputed by JNTUH. I have been appearing for MI exam for the last six years but I have been able to
clear the paper. Out of the desperation, I have done this shameful act.
I know that these reasons are not justified but I beg your pardon for this act as it is my first and last mischievous act. I
hereby assure that I will not commit such mistakes in the future.
I hope you would consider my case on human grounds and reprieve me off the punishment.
Thank You
Sincerely Yours,
Ravan Kumar
Apology Letter for coming to the college without proper dress code
Kodad
26th September 2010
To
Principal,
Kodad
Sub: - Apology letter for neglecting dress code
Dear Sir,
This is to make an apology for failing to meet the prescribed dress code of the college. I have been to my native village
for the three day vacation. I have dressed in casual outfit i.e., T-shirt and Jeans to feel comfortable during the long
journey from my home town. Unfortunately, the bus that I was travelling had been struck in the traffic last night and as
result I was late in reaching Kodad. I have come to college straight from the bus stand fearing of being late to the
college.
Hence I request you to accept my apology and allow me sit in the classes for today. I assure that It will not happen
again.
Thanking You,
Yours Sincerely,
Vikram .R
H.T.No: 10C11A1236
I B.Tech IT
Page 25
Complaint Letter
G.Swetha
Door Number: 110/3
Bhargavpeta
Mangalagiri-522503, Guntur (DT), A.P.
07.09.2010
To
The Sub inspector of Police,
Town Police Station
Mangalagiri Circle, Guntur (DT).
Sub: Complaint-eve teasing- auto driver-reg.
Dear Sir,
I am writing this letter to inform you about the harassment I am being subjected to by an auto driver. I am doing my
B.Tech in KL University .I travel by the college bus and I alight from the bus at the Hanuman temple everyday. An auto
driver named Dussaasan Rao has been following me and making some obscene remarks for last two weeks. I have just
ignored his remarks as if I have not listened to them. But the thug has taken my silence for granted and he has increased
the intensity of his harassment. He has obstructed on my way to home and threatened to kill me unless I go out with him
everyday.
The shop vendors of the area have witnessed all this and unable to open their mouth because they were afraid of that man
but all they could do was to give me the details of the person.
Hence, I request you to kindly look into the matter at the earliest and take suitable action.
Thanking You,
Yours sincerely,
(G.Swetha)
Complaint letter about the poor quality food served in the Canteen.
Vizianagaram
21.09.2010
To
Mr. Nala Bheema Rao
Contractor, Canteen,
Rajiv Arogya Sri College of Engineering.
Ref: Sub-standard Food
Dear Mr. Rao,
I, along with my classmates have visited our college canteen run by you. I wanted to throw a party to my friends for
winning a prize in the quiz competition. Unfortunately, the sub-standard food served in your restaurant really dampened
our spirits.
We have ordered Egg puffs first. The puffs are tasteless and moreover the eggs had a rotten smell. The server had told us
that it happened for the first time. Unwilling to disappoint my friends, I have ordered some chips. Even they had not been
any better. They are stiff and dripping with poor quality oil.
I hope in future the quality of your food is able to match up to the quality of your service.
Yours Sincerely
(Kuranakar Rao.D)
III Mechanical.
Change of Address:
Kodad
05th October 2010
To
The Academic Counselor.
I B.Tech, IT-A section
Page 26
Kodad
Sub: - Change of Address regarding
Dear Sir:
This letter is to inform you that I have a new mailing address. Please update your records to replace my previous address:
Sk.Nazeer Baba
145-129, Rotary Nagar, Khammam
With the following new address:
Sk. Nazeer Baba
1-110/3, Bhavani Nagar, Kodad, Nalgonda (DT)
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.
Sincerely,
Sk. Nazeer baba
H.T.No: 10C11A1240
I B.Tech IT
Letter to the Bank manager about the loss of ATM cum Debit Card:
S. Suresh Reddy, I MBA
Anurag Engineering College
Ananthagiri
Kodad (M)
21.10.2010
To
The Bank Manager
State Bank of Hyderabad
Ananthagiri (V)
Kodad (M), Nalgonda (DT).
Sub: loss of debit card regarding.
Dear Sir/Madam,
This is to bring to your notice that I had lost my ATM cum debit card today on my way to college. My account number
is 62111723455. Please bar all the transactions linked to my debit card and forward me a current statement so that I can
verify that no unauthorized withdrawals have been made to the card since I lost it.
I also request you to issue a new debit card for me as early as possible.
Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter.
Yours Sincerely,
(S.Suresh Reddy)
Page 27
CHPATER - 6
Useful Expressions in English
1. Above par: this phrase is used
to describe something that is
of good quality.
2. above their weight: this phrase
is used to describe someone
performing above their
standards
3. absence of mind: failure to
remember or pay attention
4. Achilles heel: A weakness in an
otherwise strong system.
5. acid test: The definitive
method of assessment.
6. actions speak louder than
words: It is more effective to
do something than just talk
about it
7. add insult to injury make a bad
situation worse.
8. after their own heart:
Something that pleases a
person and a good
representation of their own
wishes or ideas.
9. all ears: Very attentive.
10. all Greek to me:
Incomprehensible
11. all over the place: Scattered
around in a disorganized
manner
12. all the geese are swans: people
who have unrealistically good
opinion about the people or
things.
13. any port in the storm: The
belief that in crisis any source
of relief and /or assistance is to
be welcomed.
14. appeal to Ceaser: Make an
appeal to the most important
person or highest available
authority.
15. apple of their eye: One's
favourite person
16. asking for trouble: behaving in
a manner that greatly increases
the probability of a problem.
17. at a rate of knots: moving
rapidly
18. at sixes and sevens: To be in a
state of confusion.
19. at the cross roads: At a point
of deciding between several
options
20. at the end of the day: What
needs to be done after all the
things have been considered
21. back of the mind: if something
is at the back of the mind, you
intend to do it but you are not
thinking actively about it.
22. back to basics: To reject
complicated methods or details
and return to simpler method
23. back to square one: to go right
back to the start
24. bad apple: an immoral person
in group of good people
25. bad blood: descri bes the
hostility between two people or
groups
26. bag and baggage: everything
27. balanced personality: Describes
a person with no unusual
behaviours
28. ball of fire: A lively person.
29. bark at the moon: waste time
on a protest that has no effect.
30. barrel of laughs: Something
very amusing
31. be there for them: offer support
and assistance for someone
32. bear the brunt: endure the
majority of something
unpleasant
33. bed of nails: A disagreeable
situation
34. bed of roses: An agreeable
situation with no problems
35. bee in their bonnet: Having a
preoccupation about
something
36. been around: if a person is been
around then they are
experienced.
37. beginning of the end: the start
of a process that leads to the
end of something
38. behind the closed doors: in
secret
39. behind their back: back
stabbing
40. believe it or not: The phrase
indicates that what follows
although sounding incredible is
in fact true.
41. bell the cat: Undertake a
dangerous job on behalf of the
group.
42. below par: to describe someone
who is not performing up to the
expected standard.
43. below the belt: Descri bes
behaviour that is unfair, often
with sadistic intention.
44. bend with the wind: Alter
according to the situations or
conditions
45. benefit of the doubt: make
conclusion that favours
someone when the evidence is
ambiguous
46. better half: joking term for life
partner
47. better late than never: it is
better that something is done
than it is not done at all.
48. better safe than sorry: It is better
to be cautious and avoid injury
than to be hasty and get hurt
49. between the lines: True meaning
of something said in a
roundabout manner.
50. beyond their wildest dreams:
Something that exceeds all
expectations
51. big ask: Something that is
difficult to achieve.
52. bird's eye view: overview or
summary
53. birds of a feather flock together:
People of similar interests tend
to be friendly with each other.
54. bite the dust: To be defeated.
55. bite their tongue: suppress the
urge to say something
56. bits and pieces: A collection of
unimportant things
57. bitter end: it implies that he/she
has done something difficult to
do
58. bitter pill: something that is
accepted with difficulty.
59. black and blue: severely bruised.
Beat someone black and blue
means hit someone hard and
repeatedly
60. black spot: An area with a
reputation for something
unpleasant.
61. blank look: A facial expression
indicating no recognition.
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62. blessing in disguise : something
which at first appears bad but
which may in fact be good
63. blind leading the blind: poor
leadership with underlings
obediently following bad
commands.
64. blink of an eye: something
happens very quickly
65. blood is thicker than water: A
saying that claims that loyalty to
family members is greater than
loyalty to anything else.
66. blood money: money gained
from a death of a person.
67. blood sweat and tears: when it
requires a lot of effort to do
some work, we use this phrase.
68. blow hot and cold: To alternate
between enthusiasm and apathy
69. blow their own trumpet: be
boastful
70. blowing the money: Spending
large amounts of money
71. bone of contention: The cause of
an argument or disagreement
72. boot is on the other foot: The
situation is reversed
73. bottom line: the most important
facts in a situation.
74. brain storming session: A group
meeting where ideas on how to
solve a problem or attain a
particular target.
75. bread and butter: The main or
sole source of income.
76. bridge the gap: Create a
connection between two things
or people
77. bring down to earth: forcibly
remind somebody with an
unrealistic interpretation of a
situation of the true state of
affairs.
78. bring home: make the
importance of something
apparent.
79. bring the house down: be a
great success with an audience.
80. bring to book: punish in a court
of law.
81. burn the candle at the both
ends: engage in an activity with
too much energy, there by tiring
oneself out.
82. burn the midnight oil: work long
hours during night.
83. burn their fingers: Fail badly in
an attempt to do something.
84. burning desire: Strong desire.
85. business is business: A
justification to for doing
unpleasant things to people as
there is no room for emotions at
work
86. busy bee: A person who always
likes to be busy with work
87. butter would not melt in their
mouth: Meaning that they
appear innocent which
deceptive
88. butter fingered: Prone to drop
the things
89. butterflies their stomach:
feeling nervous.
90. by a whisker: by a very small
margin.
91. by and large: Generally
92. by hook or crook: by any means.
93. by no stretch of imagination: an
emphatic denial.
94. by the book: perform a
procedure exactly as described
in official guidelines
95. call a spade a spade: speak in a
direct manner
96. call it a day: stop doing
something for that day
97. calm before the storm: A period
of unnatural calm before the
onset of something unpleasant
98. can a duck swim?: A sarcastic
reply to a question to which the
answer is obvious
99. can't judge a book by its cover:
the true nature of something
cannot be judged by its
appearance
100. carbon copy: An exact duplicate
101. chalk and cheese: Describing
two totally dissimilar things or
people
102. charity begins at home: A saying
that advises that a person should
attend to the needs of their own
family before considering being
good to others
103. chip off the old block: A child
who is just like their parent in
looks and/or behaviour
104. class act: term of approval for
somebody who is skilled at their
job.
105. clear as crystal: obvious
106. clock is ticking: A warning that
there is limited amount of time
left.
107. close call: An event that was
nearly a serious accident but in
fact passed successfully.
108. cloud nine: A state of extreme
happiness.
109. come hell or high waters: come
what may
110. come of age: something reached
its full successful development
111. conspiracy of silence: refers to a
group deliberately keeping
secret or refusing to comment
on a particular matter.
112. cool as a cucumber: calm and
without signs of panicking
113. couch potato: A person who
leads a lazy life and whose leisure
hours are spent watching
television.
114. could eat a horse: if someone
uses this phrase then he/she is
considered to be extremely lazy.
115. could hear a pin drop: It was very
quiet.
116. credit where credit is due: Praise
should be given where it is
merited.
117. crocodile tears: An insincere
display of sorrow or regret.
118. crying over the spilt milk: cry
over something that has
happened and cannot be
repaired.
119. culture shock: Feeling of stress
due to the radical change of the
environment
120. cut from the same cloth: Very
similar in personality.
121. cut the Gordian knot: solve a
problem in a direct manner
without getting sidetracked by
niceties.
122. cut your coat according to your
cloth: Make the best use of what
has been given to you.
123. damage control: activity
designed to minimize the
adverse reaction to a piece of
scandal or news.
124. dance on their grave: show
disrespect for the memory of a
dead person
125. day in and day out: Describes a
Page 29
regularly occurring event, often
with the implication that a
monotonous activity is being
described.
126. deep pockets: A wealthy person
127. deliver the goods: do what is
hoped for
128. die hard: be difficult to get rid of
129. dig their own grave: this phrase
is used to describe someone
damages themselves
130. divide and rule: maintaining
supremacy over opponents by
encouraging them to fight
against themselves.
131. do the honours: Do a task for on
behalf of a group.
132. do justice to: Do something that
is of suitable quality
133. do them proud: Do something
that would make others proud of
you
134. doctor ordered: something that
gives optimal benefit
135. dog tired: exhausted
136. don't call us, we'll call you: A
response by the theatre mangers
after dismissing poor quality
performers
137. don't mince words: A demand
that something is said clearly and
directly
138. don't pay the ferry man: don't
pay someone until they have
completed the task
139. dose of their own medicine: A
person receiving a "taste of their
own medicine' experiences the
same harm or discomfort he or
she had inflicted on others
140. down and out: having no luck no
money, no opportunity.
141. down to earth: realistic and
unpretentious
142. dress rehearsal: A practice of an
event replicating as far as
possible the condition of the
event itself
143. Dutch courage: gaining courage
by drinking alcohol
144. easy money: money that is
earned easily.
145. easy come easy go: The belief
that something easily gained can
be easily lost.
146. eat like a pig: eat large amounts
with bad table numbers
147. eleventh hour: The last possible
minute that something could be
done
148. empty nest syndrome: feeling of
loneliness in the middle aged
parents created by their children
having reached adulthood.
149. enough is enough: A statement
of warning to cease an activity.
150. eye-catching: visually appealing
151. face the music: Accept
punishment for a misdeed
152. feast or famine: A situation in
which there is either too much
or too little
153. feather in their cap: A
praiseworthy achievement
154. feel free: An expression of
permission to do something
155. feel the pinch: experience
financial problems
156. fiddling while Rome burns: To do
something trivial while more
important things need to be
done.
157. fight fire with fire: defend or
counterattack using the same
methods as he original attack.
158. final say: The ultimate decision
159. firing on all cylinders: working
efficiently
160. fit as a fiddle: very healthy
161. flog a dead horse: waste time
and energy.
162. fly in the ointment: something
that mars an otherwise an
acceptable or pleasant situation
163. forbidden fruit: Something
enjoyable that is illegal or
immoral is forbidden fruit
164. foul play: If the police suspect
foul play, they think a crime was
committed.
165. French leaves: To take French
leave is to leave a gathering
without saying goodbye or
without permission
166. From the bottom of their heart:
If someone does something
from the bottom of their heart,
then they do it with genuine
emotion and feeling.
167. from the word go: From the
word go means from the very
beginning of something.
168. fruits of the labor: the rewarding
aspects of work
169. Garbage in garbage out: If a
computer system or database is
built badly, then the results will
be bad
170. gather the dust: stay unused
171. get a move on: hurry up
172. get away with: to avoid
punishment
173. get it off their chest: If someone
gets something off their chest,
then they talk about something
that has been worrying or
angering them for sometime
174. get the nod: be approved
175. ghost at the feast: a person who
spoils the enjoyment of what
should be happy occasion by
being depressing
176. gift of the gab: the skill of being
persuasive speaker
177. girl next door: A women of
average attractiveness, seen as a
realistic prospect as a partner;
the male version is "boy next
door"
178. give and take: accepting each
other's needs and wishes
179. give up: to quit
180. go nuts: go nuts
181. go on: continue
182. grass roots: the ordinary member
of the public or group
183. grease the palm: Bribe
184. green-eyed monster: Jealousy
185. half measures: little enthusiasm
or commitment
186. hand to mouth: only the basic
necessities.
187. hang around: wait unnecessarily
188. hang in there: show
determination
189. have a nice day: do well in
whatever you are about to do
190. have the guts: possess the
courage
191. have the last laugh: be proven
correct after opposing arguments
initially seemed more implausible
192. head in the clouds: Absent-
minded
193. heart and soul: if a person putting
his heart and soul into something
they have worked very hard
194. helping hand: assistance
195. here today, gone tomorrow:
transitory
196. hero to zero: A person whose
Page 30
status declines to appoint of
being disli ked and/or being
considered as of insignificant
status
197. hidden agenda: The secretly
intended outcome of an activity
that is not the same as the aim
that is publicly claimed.
198. hit the nail on the head: give an
answer or judgment that is
exactly right
199. hold the stage: be the most
prominent person in a situation
200. Hobson's choice: No option
201. hold their breath: wait anxiously
for something to happen
202. how's the enemy: Another way
of asking "what is the time"
203. ice breaker: something done
deliberately to initiate the
conversation between two
people who do not know each
other or something that
attempts to reconcile people
who are not communicating
following a disagreement
204. if the cap fits, wear it: an
implication that one should
welcome positive criticism
205. if you can't beat them join them:
an advice that argues that if an
enemy cannot be defeated, then
pragmatically sensible to join
with the enemy
206. in good nick: to be in good
condition or form
207. in one ear and out the other:
when the person is not paying
heed to the suggestions of the
others
208. in the same boat: have the same
problems and advantages as the
other person
209. in their good books: in favour
210. in two minds : undecided
211. itching to: have a strong urge to
212. jack of all trades and master of
none: indicating that a person is
adept at many things but he or
she is ultimately not an expert in
anything
213. joker in the pack: A term of mild
disapproval for the member of a
group most likely to do or say
something foolish
214. jump on the band wagon: The
phrase usually implies that
someone joins In an activity
because it is popular and the
other people are doing it rather
than because they have genuine
interest.
215. jump out of their skin: be very
frightened
216. jump to conclusions: make a
decision before all the evidence
has been heard, usually based on
emotions and prejudice rather
than logical reasoning
217. just about: approximately
218. just what the doctor ordered:
something that gives the optimal
benefit. the phrase is usually
used jokingly to describe
something the speaker finds
pleasurable such as an alcoholic
drink
219. keep an eye on: watch and/or
attend to
220. keep in shape: maintain physical
fitness
221. keep in touch: maintain regular
communication
222. keep mum: To remain silent
223. keep options open: not
committed to particular course
of action that would exclude the
other options being taken.
224. keep the ball rolling: keep an
activity going
225. keep the flag flying: maintain
support for or representation of
something or someone in spite
of difficulties
226. keep the Woolf from the door:
have enough money and
possession to avoid being
homeless, suffer effects of
poverty hunger etc.
227. keep themselves to themselves:
be secretive or avoid providing
much personal information.
228. keep your chin up: advice to
maintain a cheerful, positive
attitude, even though the
situation may be difficult to deal
with.
229. key moment: a turning point
230. kick the bucket: to die
231. kill the golden goose: destroy a
successful scheme
232. laugh up their sleeves: Hide their
amusement
233. lend an ear: listen
234. let bygones be bygones: forget
the past
235. let down: disappointment.
236. let the sleeping dogs lie: Leave
something alone , because
237. level best: The highest standard
that can be attained when
making a genuine effort
238. lick their boots: being far too
polite
239. like a dream: worked successfully
or as expected
240. like a headless chicken: A person
who behave illogically
241. like getting blood out of stone:
which is very difficult or
impossible
242. lion's share: the largest
proportion
243. lips are sealed: A promise to keep
a secret
244. live and breathe: followed by the
name of an activity
245. look down on: be snobbish and/
or regard as inferior
246. lost for words: Utterly amazed to
the point of being incapable of
producing a coherent statement
247. lull before the storm: A period of
unnatural calm before the onset
of something unpleasant, such as
an argument.
248. mad about something: very keen
or interested about something
249. make a heavy weather of it:
behave as if something is far
more difficult and /or laborious
than it actually is
250. make a mint: Earn a large
amount of money.
251. make a mountain out of a
molehill: Exaggerate.
252. make a move: begin to do
something
253. make both ends meet: earn
enough money to provide the
basic necessities of life.
254. make it big: be successful
255. make the best of: make optimal
use of what is provided
256. make their blood boil: make very
angry
257. make their mark: Have a long
lasting effect
258. make their mind up: To make a
decision.
Page 31
259. make up for the lost time: Over-
indulge in an activity because of
not having the opportunity
earlier
260. man for all seasons: A person
who can adapt to any situation
261. man of leisure: A man of leisure
262. man of letters: An educated man
263. many months ago: A long time
ago
264. mark my words: Attend carefully
to what I say
265. matter of time: it is believed that
it will certainly happen at some
point of time.
266. money doesn't grow on trees: A
rebuke if someone is asking for
something too expensive.
267. more the merrier: the opinion
that the more people are, the
better it is
268. music to their ears: received
with pleasure.
269. nail biting: describes something
that creates a feeling of
nervousness or apprehension
270. naked truth: the truth
271. neck and neck: in a competition
a situation in which competitors
are very similar in performance
272. nerves of steel: impervious to
shock or anxiety
273. new ball game: something
completely different
274. nip in the bud: stop something
before it can develop
275. nit picking: find fault by finding
trivial errors in details that have
no real importance
276. no more Mr. nice guy: An
indication that the speaker has
had enough of trying to be
pleasant and reasonable and will
now have to be more
unpleasant with people in order
to get the results he/she needs
277. No smoke without fire: The
belief that ambiguous evidence
or rumors amount to tangible
proof of something
278. no stone unturned: nothing has
been ignored, everything has
been explored
279. not their cup of tea: not
something they find appealing
280. not their day: A day which
seems to bring nothing but
misfortune
281. nuts and bolts: the basic and
most important details
282. off color: To feel unwell or to
perform below the expected
standard.
283. off the record: A person saying
'off the record' means that they
cannot be formally attributed as
having said it.
284. on a roll: Enjoying a period of
especially good luck or good
performance.
285. on the cards: Very likely to
happen
286. on the receiving end: being the
recipient of something
unpleasant
287. once in a blue moon: Indicating
very rare event
288. one step forward and two steps
back: a description of an activity
that in which nothing seems to
be accomplished in spite of
doing a lot of activity
289. open book: someone about
whom everything is known,
with no attempt to hide secrets.
290. order is order: If an order has
been given, it must be obeyed.
291. other side of the coin: An
argument presenting an
opposite point of view
292. out of sight is out of mind: A
proverb expressing the opinion
that someone or something not
encountered regularly is likely
to be forgotten
293. pack their bags: Prepare to
leave
294. pain in the neck: An annoyance
295. Pandora's box: something is
harmless if left alone but once
distributed creates havoc or
problems
296. paper tiger: An apparently
threatening person or thing who
in fact is harmless
297. part and parcel: An integral
component.
298. pat on the back: expression of
approval
299. pave the way: make something
possible by doing the initial
work necessary
300. pay lip service: do something
without any sincerity or
particular effort.
301. pearls before swine: something
of high quality presented to
people incapable of appreciating
it
302. penny wise, pound foolish: being
obsessive about minor savings of
money thereby incurring bigger
expenses as a result.
303. people in the glass houses should
not throw stones: people who
themselves can be criticized
should not criticize others
304. pierce their heart: cause a feeling
of strong emotion
305. pigs might fly: An expression of
disbelief used in reply to
improbable statement
306. pillar of strength: A person who
can be relied upon to offer
assistance and support
307. play a blinder: do something
extremely well
308. playing in to their hands:
Unwittingly doing something
that is advantageous to the
opponent
309. poke their nose in: interfere or
be over inquisitive
310. polished performance: A skilful
performance with no evidence of
awkwardness.
311. pot calling the kettle black:
someone who makes a criticism
that just as much applies to
themselves
312. practice what they preach:
behave in their own lives as they
exhort others to do in theirs
313. presence of mind: The ability to
behave rationally.
314. prick the bubble: destroy an
illusion
315. prodigal son: A person who
squanders money left or given to
them by parents on a dissolute
lifestyle.
316. Put heads together: work on a
problem together
317. put their heart into it: worked
with great enthusiasm or
determination
318. Quality time: A period of time
during which can be undertaken
Page 32
without interruptions or
distractions
319. rags to riches: move from
poverty to wealth
320. rain cats and dogs: rain heavily
321. reach for the stars: be ambitious
322. reality bites: The truth can
sometimes be unpleasant
323. reap what you sow: Be affected
by the results of their own action
324. red carpet: special treatment
reserved for a very important
guest.
325. revolve around: be wholly
principally dependent upon
326. rewrite history: attempt to alter
the interpretations of the events
that have already happened
327. rise through the ranks: Attain
promotion to a high level of
status, having started at a low
position
328. root cause: the most important
and original cause of something
329. rough and ready: Very elegant
or pleasing but enough to serve
the purpose
330. rough diamonds: A pleasant
person though lacking in refined
manner
331. round the corner: li kely to
happen soon
332. rub shoulders: be in a regular
close proximity
333. rub the salt in the wound: make
things even more worse
334. run with the hare and hunt with
the hound: to maintain cordial
links with both sides in a dispute
335. running battle: A conflict that
goes on for a long time with
neither side willing to concede
336. rush of blood: A sudden,
irrational change in mood or
thought
337. safe bet: A wise choice
338. safe pair of hands: A person who
can be trusted to do something
efficiently
339. sail close to wind: Take risks in
the hope that this will bring
more favorable outcome than a
cautious approach
340. save the day: successfully
resolve a problem
341. saving for a rainy day: saving
money for the problematic time
342. school of thought: A method of
thinking about something
343. see eye to eye: agree
344. see the funny side: recognize a
humorous aspect to an
otherwise a serious situation
345. seize the day: use whatever
opportunities arise
346. sell like a hot cake: if something
sells like a hot cake then it is in
great demand
347. sell their soul to the devil: Have
no moral scruples
348. send the right message: present
an argument or statement that
is well received
349. send the wrong message: an
argument or statement that is
badly received
350. set alarm bells ringing: begin to
feel apprehensive about
something
351. set the town on fire: To do
something that is talked about
352. settle the score: Have revenge
353. sharpen up: disturbed or
frightened
354. shift gears: Change the level of
activity
355. shot in the dark: A wild guess
356. show their true colors: to show
true nature of someone
357. show them the door: To eject
from the house or office
358. silver tongue: eloquence
359. six feet under: dead
360. slip of the tongue: An error in
speaking
361. slow on the uptake: slow to learn
362. smell a rat: detect or suspect
deception
363. snake in the grass: An
unanticipated problem or
danger or a disloyal associate
364. so far so good: everything as
anticipated
365. sort out the men from the boys:
Discover who are really capable
and/or skilled
366. speak from the heart: express
sincere opinions
367. speak the same language: have
similar opinions
368. speak volumes: If something
'speaks volumes', then it is
particularly descriptive
369. split the bill/ go Dutch: share the
cost of something equally
370. spur of the moment: something
done on spur of the moment is
done spontaneously
371. square eyes: A person who
watches television a lot
372. stab in the back: betray
373. stand on dignity: insist upon
being treated with a marked
degree of respect
374. state of the art: The most
advanced version and thus the
most technologically advanced
375. stay focused: maintain
concentration
376. stay the distance: preserve till
the end in spite of difficulties
377. steal a person's clothes: use
another person's ideas or
arguments and pretend that
they are your own
378. step down: resign
379. step into their shoes: take over
from someone else and
succeeding in this attempt
380. stick to their guns: maintain
belief and support for an
argument in spite of
considerable opposition
381. still water runs deep: something
that appears harmless or placid
may in fact be dangerous
382. stop gap measure: A temporary
solution to a problem
383. storm in a tea cup: An excessive
amount of fuss over a minor
incident
384. straight from the heart: sincere
385. stumbling block: A problem that
produces errors and either stops
or slows up the running of a plan
386. sugar the pill: make something
easier to accept
387. swallow their pride: something
swallowing their pride is
accepting that they are wrong
about something or that they
lack the ability to do something
even though this admission is
damaging to their prestige
388. sweep under the carpet: Ignore
or try to forget something
because it is embarrassing
389. swim against the tide: Against
normal desired practice or
inclination
Page 33
390. take home message: The
summary of the information
contained in something
391. take it or leave it: An expression
of disinterest with the
implication that the speaker is
not in whether someone
accepts or rejects it
392. Take the breath away: Say or do
something that amazes.
393. take the bull by the horns: deal
with the problem directly and
decisively
394. take the easy way out: Choose
to end something by the
method requiring the least
effort
395. take their point: accept the
validity of an argument
396. take to heart: believe
397. take words out of their mouth:
say the exact words or a
paraphrase of something that
someone else was
contemplating saying
398. teach them a lesson: punish
399. tear limb from limb: destroy
violently
400. thanks for nothing: An
expression of annoyance that
someone has fai led to do
something that they were
meant to do
401. that's life: An expression of
acceptance that unexpected
events can happen
402. that's the spirit: That is the
correct emotional response
and/or level of commitment
403. thin on the top: bald head
404. thrills and spills: Excitement
405. throw money at: attempt to
solve a problem by spending
money on it.
406. throw mud: make accusations
and/or spread rumors which
have the effect of discrediting
someone
407. tit for tat: counter attack
408. too close to call: if nearing the
end of the competition, it is
difficult to predict who will win
409. too many chiefs and not enough
Indians: Too many managers
and administrators and not
enough Indians
410. touch and go: If something is'
touch and go' then its
outcome is uncertain
411. tough act to follow: someone
or something who has been
very good and whom it will be
difficult to match in ability
Administration of Mr. Pathan F Khan
is a tough act to follow
412. tough cookie: A resi lient
person
413. trial and error: Something is
calculated by 'trial and error' is
done by trying out various
methods until the correct one
is found
414. trip down memory lane:
Reminiscence
415. Trojan horse: An attractive gift
that is destructive
416. try to see it my way: the
speaker wants someone to see
from his point of view
417. turn a deaf ear to: ignore
418. turn down: reject
419. turn of the tide: A change of
fortunes such that the side that
was winning now begins to
move towards defeat
420. two heads are better than one:
the opinion that two people
working at the same problem
can be more effective than one
person.
421. unbalanced personality: A
person who behaves in an
unusual way
422. under pressure: being
compelled or coerced into
doing something difficult.
423. up to the mark: of the required
standards
424. vicious circle: A problem that
appears to get worse by trying
to solve it
425. wash dirty linen in public:
divulge secrets that should
have been prudently hidden
426. waste their breath: argue
something with no effect
427. what' s up: what's happening
428. wheel has come full circle: the
phrase generally means that a
situation has returned to how
it was at the start after a rise
and fall of fortunes.
429. white elephant: A useless item
430. wild goose chase: A task that
cannot possibly succeed and is
time consuming and frustrating
431. window of opportunity: An
opportunity that will only be
available for a short period of time
432. with flying colours: something
done 'with flying colours' is done
very successfully.
433. wolf in sheep's clothing: someone
who is dangerous but appears
harmless
434. word of mouth: Information
spread through informal
discussion rather than by print or
electronic media
435. world is their oyster: there are lots
of opportunities
436. world of difference: A very large
difference
437. worth their salt: useful and
competent person.
438. would you believe it? : a rhetorical
question asked in surprise
439. wouldn't hurt a fly: is incapable of
doing harm
440. wrong end of a stick: An incorrect
interpretation of something.
441. yes and no: it is partly correct and
partly incorrect
442. Yesterday's man: A person who is
no longer as influential or as
important as they were once.
443. you and yours: closest members
of your family and yours
444. you don't keep a dog and bark
yourself: there is no point
employing someone and to bark
yourself
445. You scratch my back and I scratch
yours: I help you and you help me
446. young blood: young members of
a team or organization
447. your mileage may vary: Your
opinions may differ from the one
expressed
Page 34
Classified Vocabulary
PEOPLE AND PROFESSIONS
1. actor ce.
2. advocate . .e
3. architect .cc -- .ce ...
4. artist -.--.
5. air pilot :c-c ..-.
6. artiste ca -.--.
7. artisan ca ...
8. author -.-
9. accountant e-e ._. -c-.
10. auctioneer .e- ...
11. agent .e-e
12. ambassador -e ._ae
13. architect .. t
14. astrologer ea,.
15. bandit -e.e
16. barber c--e ..
17. bankrupt e.e a.c.-
18. bangle maker --e ...
19. bangle seller --e -c..
20. baker -ee -c..
21. blacksmith -c-
22. boatman ..c c....
23. bookbinder ...-e .-. ....
24. bricklayer . ...
25. butcher -.-..
26. broker ..-
27. beggar e--.
28. carder .-.-e ..
29. carpenter c_.-
30. coxcomb ..c c....
31. comedian ..--.
32. cobbler ..,e -e..
33. clerk - c-.
34. compounder .-- ..-.
35. convict , t
36. chauffeur -- c.....
37. debtor -., ...-c..
38. dyer ---e -...
39. eunuch ._e
40. florist .-e -c..
41. green vendor -. -c..
42. green grocer ----e -c..
43. grocer c-e .--e -c..
44. glazier .--e .e..
45. goldsmith .---.
46. groom -_-e -...
47. hawker t.e a- -c..
48. hermit .--..
49. inspector .-.
50. interviewer -e-- ....
51. interviewee -e-- ....
52. juggler --. ..
53. jury . .e..-.
54. landlord .-.: e -ecc
55. launderer .-t
56. lawyer . .e
57. mason . ...
58. matron :.-e- c.a -.ee .--e .-. .
59. novice . .---ec ..
60. peasant -
61. poetess -c-_a
62. pawnbroker -.c .e- .e... c--.,
63. potter -c-
64. peon -_e
65. plumber ...e -.- ...
66. prostitute ce.--
67. quack c-t ...
68. retailer ee- ..-
69. scavenger .-..
70. surveyor .-: -te .ee ...
71. sailor .:-.
72. vendor ..-
73. warder ee -.-
74. warrior -. .
75. weaver ....
76. witch c-_-
RELATIONSHIPS
1. aunt -c ..c
2. adoption .
3. adopted son . .._.
4. adopted daughter . .._a-
5. affection -c--c
6. alliance .--.c -.c
7. ancestors .---e
8. baby -c. e.
9. brother ..-.
10. bachelor _..-
11. boy .e.
12. bride .e--- c.c.
13. bridegroom .e -c--. c-.
14. bestmaid . .e ---
15. bosom friend .:_.
16. boyhood .ec
17. brother-in-law .c .cc-e
18. child .. e.
19. childhood ..cc
20. client ...-
21. daughter-in-law -.e
22. disciple -.
23. descendants c--.e
24. dynasty c--c. .ec
25. elder ..
26. elder sister ..-
27. elder brother .. -c
28. father -_. .c
29. father-in-law c-c
30. forefathers ce
31. fianc(male) c-.
32. fiance(female) c.c.
33. foster son .-... -.-
34. foster mother .e .-ec t
35. guest -ae
36. host -a.:...
37. heir .-..
38. infant -c.
39. kinsfolk .-.e
40. kinship .-.cc
41. lad -.- -_-. .-.
42. lass -c- ... .--
43. maternal aunt .c t
44. maternal uncle .cc-c
45. matrimony :..c .-.
46. maid :..c - . -c
47. master ec-
48. mistress -...-
49. nephew .ce.
50. niece .c-.e
51. neighbor -- .--- .-
52. peer ...-
53. prostitute .- ce.--
54. relative -.c.
55. slave ..
56. spinster -c
57. stepson .ca -.-
58. tenants -.-c..
59. virgin - c
60. wedlock :..c
61. widower .-c -e-c.-
62. widow :-c. :.c-e
DRESSES AND ORNAMENTS
1. anklet -t -.- .e
2. apparel c.c
3. attire ..e
4. bracelet ----c
5. braids --. e.e
6. blanket . . e
7. brooch .:e .c
8. cuff -t- .a .e
9. garland .-e.-.
10. head scarf e-e -. .
11. mattress .-..
12. trousers .-.- e- .-e,
13. pendant .-.. e.
14. petticoat .--- e-- ..e-
15. plait e. .
16. pearls ce
17. quilt .-..
18. rose water .t-
19. ruby --..
20. scarf e- -e -.
21. sleeve .- -:- .-
22. toe-rings cee
23. turban e.-
24. wreath .-e.--
PHOBIAS
1. acrophobia . ._.-e-e .-
2. photophobia .e--e .-
3. agoraphobia ,e .ee-e .-
4. homophobia --c --e .-
5. hydrophobia t.-e .-
6. gynophobia ...-e .-
7. bibiliophobia ...-e-e .-
8. pyrophobia .-e .-
9. xenophobia. -..-e .-
EDUCATION
1. annotation .,cc
2. anthology -.ce .--ecc
3. author -_-.--
CHAPTER - 7
Page 35
4. boycott .,--.
5. cane . c
6. crayon .. e.c
7. dunce .. :.-
8. epitome .-c
9. gist .---c
10. interpretation --c ..,e
11. irony c---
12. impart .e-.e
13. langard .c- .c ..
14. leisure a-. :-c- .c-
15. mockery .-.--
16. matron ..e .e--e
17. precision .--.
18. preface ..c
19. prcis .--. e,c-
20. proficiency -c.cc
21. pupils :.-e
22. recite ct-.
23. translation -c..c
24. truant .- .-_c-- - :.-
25. versatile .cc, _.e -e
26. verse ..- -:
AGRICULTURE
1. agriculturist c..-.
2. barn -. -.,
3. beans e-. -ee
4. barren land e. .-:
5. black gram :cce
6. bengal gram -c-e
7. bran c..
8. butter .c
9. beef -.c--.-
10. bulrush/peal millet .ee
11. cofferdam c-e
12. chaff .-e
13. cottonseeds .a -ee
14. crow bar -..- -c.-
15. cluster bean --e-.
16. cheese -c
17. compost pit .
18. craggy land -. --.c .e
19. corn flakes .-ec -e-e
20. castor seeds c.e
21. dairy .e a --_.-
22. dung ..
23. dung cake ..-
24. edible ac.c
25. farm cc. -_-
26. finger millet --e ..
27. fertile land .-c-.c .e
28. flour . -.
29. granary ..---
30. groundnuts .--c- .te
31. gruel - -
32. hay .-. -.
33. irrigation .... te .-.e
34. inundate tee cc-e
35. jaggery .e-
36. low lying areas .e.. ._.--
37. maize .-ec
38. mustard .e
39. pasture .e- e
40. paddy c. .c-
41. plough .- t
42. poppy -.-.e
43. pest -e
44. pesticide -e c-.
45. pulses ... .cce
46. peas --e
47. quarry -a -
48. reaper .- -.-
49. rain shadow region c- . _.--
50. rain fed c-.-
51. red gram --.e
52. scarecrow e, .c
53. straw .-. -.
54. stalk --- -.e
55. sickle -.ct
56. sorghum ece
57. sow : e
58. spade .-
59. stack - .
60. sugarcane .--
61. scattered rain ..- c.- c--
62. shallow .--
63. transplantation .e e.e
64. tributary . ce
65. toddy -e c.-
66. turf .e- e
67. weeds -e.. .-e
68. yield e- .
FRUITS
1. Apple ... .c--
2. Banana --e .-.
3. Citron a- .c
4. Coconut --
5. Custard apple ..e-
6. Date fruit ,- - -
7. Fig -a ---
8. Grapes _.-
9. Guava ec
10. cherry ._- ..
11. Jackfruit . c.
12. Plum / Jujube -e.-
13. Lemon, lime c
14. Mango c-:.
15. Muskmelon ,- - -
16. Mulberry .- ..
17. Orange -ce .e-
18. Papaya ..-
19. Pineapple -c-
20. Palm-fruit e-
21. Pomegranate .c
22. Raisin .-._.- -.:.
23. Rose apple e- .-.
24. Sapota ..e
25. Watermelon ... .-.
26. Wild date ..
27. Wood apple .e- -
28. Pine apple -..
29. Black berry -e .-.
30. Pear(medipandu) ....
Dry Fruits
1. Dates ,- - -
2. Cashew nuts e...,
3. Raisins / currant .-._.-
4. Dry fig .-.c -a
5. Badam .. -
FLOWERS
1. amaranths .-e
2. bud . -
3. blossom :-.-ec
4. buttercup ...c-a
5. cobra flower .-c- ..c.
6. china rose c-.--
7. crocus ---c ..c.
8. daisy ec.c-a
9. hibiscus c-.--
10. jasmine ce e
11. lily e -ec
12. lotus c-
13. marigold -a
14. neem flower .. ..c.
15. nut-flower e ..c.
16. pandanus . - t
17. red water lily .--e
18. stalk .c -.
19. water lily -ec
20. wax flower . -. -
VEGETABLE
1. angular guard e--
2. ash gourd -.. -c.
3. arum .c .-.
4. amaranthus - --- e---
5. banana --e -
6. balarian orange -
7. beet root ee .-.
8. broad bean .. e-.
9. bottle gourd c.- .---
10. bitter gourd ----
11. beans e-. -
12. brinjal c--
13. cabbage -. - -a
14. carrot .-_ ce-
15. cauliflower -a ..c. .--a
16. celery cc-
17. cluster bean -- e-.
18. coriander -at-
19. cucumber ..-
20. dill greens .-a ---
21. double beans .e e.
22. drumsticks cc--e
23. elephant foot --.
24. fenugreek .-a ---
25. green chillies .e :-
26. garlic .et .t.
27. gooseberry .- -
28. green beans -- e-. -e
29. indian sorrel e- e--
30. Okra .-.-
31. leek t -.e
32. lentil -. ---e
33. lablab ..e-..
34. little gourd .-. -
35. mint ..t.
36. mushroom ..e-.-
37. onions t -.e
38. peas -te
39. potato e-. --..-.
40. pumpkin .c-c.
41. prickly pear .-.e
Page 36
42. puslane .t ---
43. rumex .----
44. radish .-_ce-
45. rosella -----
46. snake gourd .-e-
47. spinach .e---
48. sweet potato ee-. .-.
49. sprouts .e-e
50. sisal hemp -----
51. tamarind e--
52. turnip e--. .-. .ece-
53. tomato ec-e -c ce-
54. velvet bean c-- e-.
55. water gourd .---
56. yam --..-.
57. wood apple .e- -
FOOD
1. almond .. -
2. asafetida --c
4. beef -. c--.-
5. buttermilk c -
6. barley .- e-
7. blackgram :cce
8. beans e-.
9. black pepper :--e
10. basil e.
11. betel nut c-.-.
12. burger --
13. cheese -c
14. cashew nut e...,
15. cardamom -e-e
16. chilly :-.-
17. cinnamon .tc .-
18. currant -.:.
19. cloves ec--e
20. corn cob .-ec ---
21. coriander seeds .-e
22. curry staff c.e
23. cumin seeds ee--
24. caraway ...
25. camphor -----
26. dill .-e
27. dry ginger ---
28. fenugreek .-e
29. garlic .et .t-.
30. gingely oil cc.e c-.
31. ginger -e-
32. groundnut oil .t c-.
33. green gram .. -
34. gruel -- ec
35. mushroom -- -.-
36. pancake .-
PLANTS AND TREES
1. black plum .-. .e
2. eucalyptus ec--e
3. neem . . . e
4. peepul tree -:.e
5. red sandal ._---.c .e
6. rosella ---.
7. sandalwood tree --... .e
8. tobacco .---
9. teak e-
10. weeds -e.. .-e
ZOOLOGICAL WORLD
1. ape -a
2. ass -..
3. angora cat ce.t
4. ant ac
5. bandicoot .-e --
6. badger ec .e-
7. bear .e- -e
8. bitch .--
9. bison --. ..
10. buffalo .c .
11. bullock -. ..
12. calf c. .-.
13. cheetah e- ..t
14. chimpanzee e-.-
15. civet .c- .e
16. claw .-e
17. cock -. ..--
18. cod .. ..
19. colt -_-.. .e
20. cow c.
21. crab .-_.-
22. cub -. :
23. colt -_-...e
24. cub -.: c-.. .e
25. dog --
26. dolphin .t.
27. donkey -..
28. deer --
29. duck .
30. elephant .c-
31. ewe . -_-
32. fawn -- .e
33. flatfish ..e ..
34. giraffe -.
35. goose .
36. greyhound .e --
37. hare --.e
38. haddock .c ..
39. hind . --
40. hippopotamus te .c-
41. hog .. .-e
42. hound .e --
43. hyena .c-
44. horn -c
45. jackal --e c-
46. kitten .t .e
47. lice .e
48. mare . -_--
49. mongoose c-|.
50. mongrel .e --
51. panther e- ..t e-ee
52. pig e- .-e
53. porcupine c-. .-e
54. puma e- ..t
55. rabbit .c --.e
56. ram .-ee
57. rhinoceros ,... c-c
58. stag c- --
59. steed -- ----
60. stallion c- -_--
61. swine .-e
62. siro -.
63. spantel .-... --
64. trotler .-... --
65. tail -
66. turtle .e
67. walrus te .c-
68. whale a:--.c
69. yak e.e _-
BIRDS, INSECTS AND REPTILES
1. bat -e.c
2. bee . e-
3. bulbul .-e .e
4. butterfly . -- ee-
5. boa --. eec
6. beetle -c- ..--
7. caterpillar ---e ..--
8. chameleon e.- .e
9. crocodile c. e
10. centipede -. e_-
11. cricket ece ..--
12. crane ---
13. dove .c.-c
14. drake .
15. earthworm .c.c
16. falcon . -
17. fly -
18. fowl -. .-
19. goose . .
20. grasshopper :.
21. glowworm :c-- ..--
22. hawk . -
23. housefly e--
24. iguana . c
25. lark .-.e .-
26. locoust :.
27. leech ee-
28. lizard t
29. mallard ce .-
30. magpie c. .e
31. ostrich ., -.
32. partridge
33. peacock .ct
34. peahen . .ct
35. pigeon .c.-c
36. pullet -. .e
37. python --. eec
38. quall -e- .e
39. raven c-e --
40. salamander ce -e.c
41. sparrow ..-
42. spider .t.
43. squirrel .
44. stork ---
45. swan .-.
46. silkworm .e..--
47. serpent .--
48. scorpion e
49. tortoise .e
50. testle dove .- ea .c.-c
51. vulture --.
52. viper -e .c
53. wasp - -e--
CRIES OF ANIMALS
1. ape gibbers
2. ass brays
3. bear growls
Page 37
4. bull bellows
5. camel grunts
6. calf bleats
7. cow lows
8. deer bells
9. dog barks
10. dolphin speaks
11. donkey brays
12. elephant trumpets
13. fox yelps
14. goat bleats
15. hound bays
16. horse neighs
17. jackal howls
18. jaguar growls
19. leopard growls
20. lion roars
21. ox bellows
22. pig grunts
23. rabbit squels
24. sheep bleets
25. tiger growls
26. wolf growls
ORGANS/PARTS OF BODY
1. abdomen .-a -...
2. alimentary canal .- ..-
3. ankle ae c-.e-
4. anus -.c
5. arm .-
6. armpit .--
7. back t..
8. backbone .c c-
9. beard -.-
10. belly .-e -... .e
11. blood corpuscles -- --e
12. breasts -c .t-.
13. bridge of nose c- .-ec
14. buttocks . - . e
15. bowels .- -_c
16. bladder c-_ .-e
17. calf -t .-
18. carpel c--e
19. cheek .-.
20. chest .a
21. chin -.c -.c
22. collarbone .. .c-
23. epiglottis e-.e- . .
24. eyebrow -c.c
25. eyeball -c -.
26. eyelid -c -.
27. eyelash --e -.e .-_e-
28. knee .--e
29. knuckles _.t --..e
30. locks --e e.c.
31. moustache t.e
32. navel ..
33. fist . . - t
34. fore arm c-e -
35. heel -tc.
36. hip c.c .--
37. intestines .- -_c
38. larynx .- .e-
39. liver -ec
40. neuron .. --c
41. nerve c-c
42. nipple .c .c
43. ovary --.-c
44. puberty cc .-- .-e
45. retina ._.. .--
46. penis t--c ..-;--c
47. pores -c --_.ce
48. palate .ee . .-c
49. rib --.-- .c-
50. saliva : t-
51. shinbone -t .c-
52. snivel a:.
53. sperm t-c
54. spinal cord .c.c
55. sweat . ce
56. milk teeth ... c.c ..
57. permanent teeth -- .-ce
58. wisdom teeth ec .-ce
59. temple --
60. toes -t ..
61. testicles c,-e
62. tears -t-
63. thigh .
64. throat --
65. urethra c-_..c
66. vagina -
67. vocal cords .- -_c.e
68. waist c.c
69. womb ---c
70. zygote . ..-, .---- cec .-.c ec--c
GENERAL AILMENTS OF BODY
1. abortion --_.c-
2. accident _.c-.- --.--
3. acidity -. .-e -.---
4. ache ..
5. acne .ec
6. ailment .. ..
7. anemia --.c
8. Alopecia (bald head) ee
9. amputation -ccce a..e
10. anesthetics c .-. c-.e
11. analgesic .. .-- c-.e
12. loss of appetite - t
13. asthma . -
14. bald head ee
15. bacteria .-- _-ce
16. bandy legged .. -.
17. belching _.c.e ae
18. blood transfusion ----e- --- .--.e
19. bronchitis -c ..-c
20. cataract --ee --e
21. consumption -
22. constipation ce.--
23. cripple :-e--.
24. dandruff .-_.
25. diphtheria --- .-
26. diabetes -ac-_.e c...-
27. eczema - e
28. epilepsy c-- ---
29. epidemic --e .e
30. exudation --e ._:-.e
31. faint . _. -ec.e
32. gout . --c
33. giddiness e a..e
34. hereditary -c c-- c-- .- .--
35. hernia c- eec
36. hepatitis -e .e
37. hunch - -
38. hypertension -e- -- .e
39. hiccups .-.
40. hydrocele .
41. itch - .-.
42. insomnia _.e:
43. lame --e
44. laxative :-..e
45. louse .c
46. lice .e
47. leprosy -, ---
48. lunacy . e
49. measles ecc .-
50. mumps -c. e.e
51. neurosis c-e e.c
52. numbness a:-
53. osciate ct-.e
54. perspiration .ce .ee
55. pus ac
56. pearl on the eye --ee ..c.
57. pustule .-- .
58. sore throat -- ..
59. squint eye .e-c
60. stammering ca
61. sun-stroke c..
62. threadworm ct..--
63. tubercle -. --.. .ec
64. Whitlow -- .e
65. yawning. c.t-.e
TREATMENT
1. allopathic -e.a -|,,
2. pranic healing .. ..e
3. homeopathic .:- ..e
4. ayurveda -.c
5. yoga --
6. unani .:- ..c
7. occupuncture .-.e -.e
8. prognosis .e --- .--
9. diagnosis .---.e
10. blood transfusion --- .-e
11. dialysis -. -_..-.e
12. laxative :-.c--
13. prescription c-.e ae
14. medication c-.e
15. surgery . - -
16. incision -a--.e
17. anesthesia cc-.
18. heal ..
19. recuperate e c-. --ce
20. psychiatrist c-c.-
21. gynecologist . .-e
22. obstetrician _..c ..-.
23. gastroenterologist -. .--
24. cardiologist --. .--
25. pediatrician .ee .--
26. orthopedist .c-e .--
27. dermatologist .- .--
28. ophthalmologist --e .--
29. neurologist c-e .--
Page 38
RELEASES OF BODY
1. Sperm t-c
2. Saliva :
3. Sweat . ce
4. Excreta/stools ce-
5. Tears -t-
6. Mucus ---- . ce
7. Wax -et
8. Dandruff .-_.
9. Phlegm -.-
10. Pus ac
11. Spit :
TRANSPORTATION
1. pot holes -. . --e
2. crossing -. .e ._.--
3. sidewalk/pavement -t.e
4. causeway ec c-c
5. tar -
6. elevation t..
7. depression --
8. ferry .c
9. pedestrian crossing .. .-e -. .e .e-
10. waylaying -. .
11. lane .-.
12. turn-turtle .e ..e
13. emission e-c.ee
14. skid e-e
15. intersection e--. --.t
DIRECTIONS
1. compass e--e
2. east --
3. west ..c-
4. north --
5. south .---
6. south-east --
7. south-west .-a
8. north-east -c-
9. north-west .c-
TIME
1. ago _-- -- -e- _--
2. antiquity ..-c.c
3. anno domini _-. ---
4. annum .-c-c
5. anniversary .--cc
6. autumn - -c.
7. biannual - c-.e -- .-
8. biennial --. .-e -- .-
9. bright fortnight .-c
10. decade . -ec
11. dawn _ . . -
12. deluge .-. a-e .-_.
13. dusk .c-
14. dark fortnight -, .-c
15. fortnight .-c
GROUP NAMES
1. a bouquet of flowers
2. a bunch of letters
3. a bunch of grapes
4. a bunch of keys
5. a cargo of goods
6. a chain of mountains
7. a couple of days
8. a flock of sheep
9. a garland of flowers
10. a heap of stones
11. a pair of spectacles
12. a pile of books
13 A herd of buffaloes
KITCHEN WORK
1. chop c-e .e
2. coffee percolator -. -- . _._-
3. slice eee- -.-
4. carve -.-
5. sieve et-..-
6. whisk ee-e
7. mix -e..-
8. peel -e a.-
9. grate --|.-
10. knead ..-.-
11. rol out -ee ..-
12. crush .-.-
13. msh -e..-
14. squeeze .-.e-
15. skewer -..-
16. sprinkle .e.-
17. dip c-..-
18. spread -.-
19. snip -a--..-
20. weapon .-
21. dagger e -
22. sword -a
23. shield .e
24. sheath -c.-
25. artillery c-. --. .c-c
26. combat . -
27. ambush .-- . ae-
28. Cease-fire -ee :-c-
BUILDINGS AND PARTS
1. attic -e- :.
2. asylum ---e-
3. beam .-e-
4. broom a..- _,
5. basement ...e .-- .--
6. booth - .-
7. cemetery --c-
8. courtyard et .-.
9. cornice . --
10. coop .-e--
11. dairy .e a --._-
12. dome -..-c
13. dormitory .e c-e---. ._.--
14. fence ..
15. foundry e.e .e
16. gutter c-- -ec
17. hearth .--
18. inn ._-
19. lime .c-
20. threshold -.. .-t
21. monastery ...e c--
22. peg . -
23. peephole .-.-.- ec --_.-
24. steeple -..--
25. terrace .. . .-c
HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES
1. amber .-_.-
2. ash -. .
3. ashtray -.. -.,
4. broom a. .-
5. camp bed c. c-.-
6. churning staff -cc
7. coalscuttle .-- -ec
8. earthen pot ce --.
9. funnel - -e
10. futon .-.. .-
11. gauge .c - -.
12. churn ee-
13. colander c. -e ee.
14. incense stick --- e
15. lid c-
16. musk -.--
17. mousetrap .e-e .c
18. nail clipper -. --
19. pastry roller -ee .. -_-
20. peg . -
21. pestle --t
22. phial ec ..
23. porcelain .--- ._
24. scrubbing brush -_.- .. --.
25. sieve ee .
26. swing e.. ee
27. spittoon e:e
28. threshold - . .
Groceries / Provisions
Food or small items that we buy from shops or
supermarkets
Grocer's shop /store
Provision Store (kirana Sarukulu)
INSTRUMENTS
1. anvil .e. ec
2. awl ..,e -e .----
3. axis -.
4. balance _. --
5. compass c e
6. cleat - -ec
7. coulter .-t -_-
8. crowbar - c. -
9. churning staff -c-
10. chisel t
11. dagger .-
12. forge -t:
13. iron crow - c. -
14. loom c- -
15. plough .- t
16. pliers .e--
17. saw --.c
18. sickle -.ct
19. spade .
20. tongs .e--
21. dibble _c-e . .----
Page 39
CHAPTER - 8
Essential Vocabulary: If any person can master the following words, he/she need not learn anymore words to speak or write. There are 4500 words,
most of the students at the level of Engineering know almost all these words and if any student does not know any of these words, he/she should go
through all these words and if they do not know the meaning of any of these words, he/she should first tick those words first and slowly but surely they
have to master all these words.
WORD BANK (4500)
FREOUNTLY USED MONO SYLLABIC (short) WORDS
A: a, an. . ache, act. . add. . age. . aid, aim, air. . an. . and. . arch, arm, arms, art. . as, ash, ask. . at. .aunt. . awe. . axe.
B : back, bad, bag, bake, bald, ball, band, bang, bank, bar, bare, bark, barn. base, bath, bathe. . be, beach, beak, beam, bean, bear, beard, beast, beat,
bed, bee, beef, beer, beg, belt, bench, bend, best, bet. . bid, big, bike, bill, bind, bird, birth, bit, bite. . blab, black, blade, blame, blank, blaze, bleed, blend,
bless, blind, blink, block, blood, blot, blouse, blow; blue, blunt, blush. . board, boast, boat, boil, bold, bomb, bone, book, boot, bone, bore, born. boss,
both, bound, bow (n), bow (v), bowl, box, boy. . brain. brains, brake, branch, brand, brass, brave, breach, bread, breadth, break, breast, breath, breathe,
breed, breeze, bribe, brick, bride, bridge, brief, bright, bring, broad, brook, broom, brow; brown, bruise, brush. . bud, bug, build, bulb, bull, bump,
bunch, bum. burst, bus, bush, but, buy. by. (135)
C : cause, cave. . cease, cell. . chain. chair, chalk, chance, change, chap, charge, charm, chart, chase, chat, cheap, cheat, check, cheek, cheer, cheese,
cheque / check , chess, chest, chew; chief, child, chill, chime, chin. chip, chips, choice, choke, choose, chop, chum, church. . cite. . claim, clap, clash,
clasp, class, claw, clay, clean, cleanse, clear, cleave, clench, clerk, dick, diff, climb, cling, clip, clock, close (v), dose (adj.), cloth, clothe, cloud, clown, club,
clue, clutch. . coach, coal, coarse, coast, coat, cock, code, coil, coin, cold, comb, come, cone, cook, cool, cope, cord, cork, com, corpse, cost, couch,
cough, could, count, course, court, cow. . crack, craft, cram, cramp, crash, crawl, craze, cream, creep, crew, crime, crisp, crop, cross, crow, crowd, crown,
crush, crust, cry. . cup, cure, curl, curse, curve, ,cut. (133)
D : dad, dam, damn, damp, dance, dare, dark, dash, date, dawn, day, days. . dead, deaf, deal, dear, death, debt, deck, deed, deep, deer, den, dense,
depth, desk, dew. . die, dig, dim, dine, dip, dirt, dish, ditch, dive.. do, dock, dodge, dog, don, door, dose, dot, doubt, down. . drag, drain, draw, dread,
dream, dress, drift, drill, drink (v.), drink (n.), drip, drive (v.), drive (n.), drop, drown, drug, drum, drunk, dry. . duck, due, dull dumb, dump, dusk, dust. .
dwarf. dwell. (83)
E : each, ear, earn, earth, ease, east, eat. . edge. . egg. . eight. . else. end. . err. . eye. (20)
F : face, fact, fade, fail, faint, fair, faith, fall, false, fame, fan, far, fare, farm, fast, fat, fate, fault. . fear, feast, fee, feed, feel, fence, fetch, few.. field, fierce,
fifth, fight, file, fill, film, filth, find, fine, fire, fin, first, fish, fist, fit, five, fix. . flag, flame, flap, flare, flash (v.), flash (n.), flask, flat, flea, flee, fleet, flesh, flight,
float, flock, flood, floor, flour, flow; flue, fluid, flush, fly. . foam, fog, fold, folk, fond, food, fool, foot, foil; force, forge, fork, form, fort, foul, found (v.), four,
fourth, fox. . frail, frame, frank, free, freeze, freight, fresh, fridge, friend, fright, frog, from, front, frost, frown, fruit, fry. . fuel, full, fun, funds, fur, fuse.
(117)
G : gain, game, gang, gap, gape, gas, gasp, gate, gay, gaze. . gear, get. . ghost. . giant, gift, girl, give. . glad, glance, glare, glass, glasses, gleam, glide,
glimpse (v.), glimpse (n), globe, glove, glow; glue. . gnaw. . go, goal, goat, God, gold, good, goods. . grab, grace, grade, groin, grand, grant, grape, graph,
grasp, grass, grove, graze, grease, great, greed, green, greet, gray, grief, grill, grim, grin, grind, grip, groan, grope, ground, group, grow, growl, growth,
grunt. . guard, guess, guest, guide, guilt, gulf, gum, gun, gust. (89)
H: hair, half, hall, halt, halve, hand, hang, hard, hare, harm, harsh, haste, hat, hate, hatred, haul, haunt, have, hay, haze. . he, head, heal, health, heap,
hear, heart, heat, hedge, heed, heel, height, heir, hell, helm, help, hen, her, herd, here, hers. . hide, high, hill, him, hinge, hint, hip, hire, his, hiss, hit, hive,
hoarse, hoax, hoist, hold, hole, home, hook, hoot, hop, hope, horn, horse, hose, host, hot, hour, house, how, howl, huge, hunt, hurt, hut (78)
I : ice. . if. . ill. . in, inch, ink, inn. . is. . it, its, itch.J: jail, jam, jar, jaw, jazz. jet. . job, jog, join, joint, joke, joy. . Judge, jug, juice, jump, just. jug, juice, jump,
just,kneel, knife, knit, knock, knot, know
L : lace, lack, lad, lag, lake, lamb, lame, lamp, lance, land, lane, lap, large, last, late, laugh, launch, law, lawn. lay. . lead (v),lead (0), leaf, leak, lean, learn,
least, leave, left, leg, lend, length, less, lest, let. . liar, lick, lid, lie, life, lift, light, like, limb, lime, limp, line, link, lion, lip, lisp, list, live. . load, loaf, loan. lock,
lodge, log, long, look, loose, lord, lose, loss, lot, loud, lounge, love, low. . luck, lump, lunch, lung. (80)
M: mad, maid, mail, main, make, male, man, map, march, mark, marsh, mask, mass, mat, match, mate, may, maze. . me, meal, mean, means, meat,
meet, melt, men, mend, mere, mess. . midst, might, mild, mile, milk, mill, mind, mine (pronoun), mine (n), miss, mist, mix, mixed. . moan, mob, mock,
mode, moist, mole., monk, month, mood, moon, more, most, moth, mount, mourn, mouse, mouth, move, mow. . much, mud, mug, mule, mum,
mumps, must, mute. . my, myth (78)
N: nail, name, naught. . near, neat, neck, need, nerve, nest, net, new, news, next. . nice, niece, night, nil, nine, ninth. . no, nod, noise, none, noon, nor,
noun, north, nose, not, note, noun, now. . nun, nurse, nut
O: ought, our, ours, out. . owe, owl, own. . ox
P: pace, pack, pad, page, pain, pains, paint, pair, pale, palm, pan, pane, pant, pants, park, part, pass, past, paste, pastry, pat, patch, path, pause, pave,
paw, pawn, pay. . pea, peace, peach, peak, pear, pearl, peek, peel, peep, peer, pen, per, pet. . phase, phone, phrase. . pick, piece, pierce, pig, pile, pill,
pin, pinch, pink. pint, pious, pipe, pit. . place, plain, plan, plane, plank, plant, plate, play, plead, please, plot, plough, pluck, plunge, plum, plump, plunge,
plus. . point, pole, pond, pool, poor, pop, pork, port, post, pot, pound, pour. . praise, pray, prayer, preach, press, prey, price, prick, pride, priest, prime,
prince, print, prize, proof, proud, prove. . pub, pull, pulse, pump, punch, pure, purse, push, put. (120)
Q: . quaint, queen, queer, queue, quick, quiet, quit, quite, quote.
R: . race, rack, rag, rage, raid, rain, rain, raise, rake, range, rank, rare, rash, rat, rate, raw, ray. . reach, read, real, reap, rear, red, reef, rent, rest. . rhyme.
. rib, rice, rich, rid, ride, ridge, right, ring, riot, ripe, rise, risk. . road, roam, roar, roast, rob, rock, rod, rogue, role, roll, roof, room, root, rope, rose, rot,
rough, round, rouse, route, row, rub, rude, rug, ruin, ruins, rule, run, rush, rust.(73)
S: sack, sad, safe, sail, saint, sake, sale, salt, same, sand, sane, sauce, save, saw, say. . scale, scar, scarce" scare, scarf, scene, scent, scheme, school, scoff,
scold, score, scorn, scout, scrape, scratch, scream, screen, screw. . sea, search, seat, see, seed, seek, seem, seize, self, sell, send, sense, serve, set, sew,
sex. . shade, shake, shall, shame, shape, share, sharp, shave, she, shed, sheep, sheer, sheet, shelf, shell, shield, shift, shine, ship, shirt, shock, shoe, shoot,
Page 40
shop, shore, short, shorts, shot, should, shout, show, shrewd, shriek, shrink, shrug, shut, shy. . sick, side, siege, sigh, sight, sign, silk, sin, since, sing, sink,
sip, sir, sit, site, six, sixth, size. . sketch, skill, skin, skirt, skull, sky. . slack, slacks, slap, slave, sleep, sleeve, slice, slide, slight, slip, slit, slope, slot, slow. .
smack small, smart, smash, smell, smile, smoke, smooth, smooth . snack, snail, snake, snap, snatch, sneer, sneeze, sniff, snow. . so, soak, soap, sob,
sober, sock, soft, soil, sale, solve, some, son, song, soon, sore, sort, soul, sound, soup, sour, source, south, sow. . space, spade, spare, spark, speak,
speech, speed, spell, spend, spill, spin, spit, spite, splash, split, spoil, sponge, spoon, sport, spot, spread, spring. . square, squat, squeeze.. staff, stage,
stain, stair, stairs, stall, stamp, stand, star, stare, start, starve, state, stay, steal, steam, steel, steep, steer, stem, step, stem, stick, stiff, still, sting, stir,
stitch, stock, stone, stool, stoop, stop, store, stonn, stout, stove, straight, strain, strange, strap, straw, streak, stream, street, strength, stress, stretch,
strict, stride, strife, strike, string, strip, stripe, strive, stroke, strong, stuff, style. . such, suck, suit, sum, sun, sure. . swamp, sway, swear, sweat, sweep,
sweet, swell, swift, swim, swing, switch, sword. (282)
T: . tail, take, tale, talk, tall, tame, tan, tank, tap, tape, tar, task, taste, tax. . tea, team, teach, tear (v), tear (n), tell, tempt, ten, tend, tense, tent, tenth,
term, test, text. . than, thank, thanks, that, the, their, theirs, them, theme, then, there, these, they, thick, thief, thin, thing, think, third, thirst, this, thorn,
those, though, thought, thread, threat, three, thrill, thrive, throat, throne, throng, through, throw; thumb, thus. . tide, tie, tight, tights, tile, till, time, tin,
tip, tire. . to, toast, toe, toil, ton, tone, tongs, tongue, too, tool, tooth, top, torch, toss, tough, tour, town, toy. . trace, track, trade, trail, train, tram, tramp,
trap, tray, tread, treat, tree, trench, trend, trial, tribe, trick, trim, trip, troop, truck, true, trunk, trust, truth, try. . tub, tube, tug, tune, turn. . twelfth,
twelve, twice; twist, two. . type, Eyre. (142)
U: . up. . urge. . us, use, used. V: . vague, vain, valve, van, vase, vast. . veil, verse, very, vest. . vice, view. . voice, vote, vow.
W: . wag, wage(s), waist, wait, wake, walk, wall, want, war, ward, warn, warn, wash, wasp, waste, watch, wave, wax, way. . we, weak, wealth, wear,
weave, web, wed, wedge, weed, week, weep, weigh, weight, well, west. wet. . what, wheat, wheel], when, where, which, while, whim, whine, whip,
whirl, white, who, whole, whom, whose, why. . wide, width, wife, wild, will, win, wind (n.), wind (v.), wine, wing, wink, wipe, wire, wise, wish, wit, witch,
with. . wood, wool, word, work, world, worn, worse, worst, worth, would, wound. . wrap, wreck, wretch, wring, wrist, write, wrong (96)
Y: . yacht, yard, yawn. . year, yes, yet. . yield. . yolk, you, young, your, yours, youth.
Z: zeal, zero. . zip. . zone, zoo.
FREQUENTLY USED POLLYSYLLABIC (long) WORDS (3, 500) (words in Capital letters receive stress/accent)
A : aBIlity, Able, aBOUT, aBOVE, aBROAD, ABsence, ABsent, ABsolute,ABsolutely, abSORB, ABsorbing, aBUSE. acCELerate, ACcent, acCEPT, ACcident,
accommoDAtion, aCCOmmodate, aCCOMpany, aCCOMplish, aCCORDing, aCCOUNT, aCCOUNTant, ACCUrate, aCCUSE, aCCUStom, aCHIEVE, aCHIEVEment,
ackNOWLedge, aCQUAINT, aCQUAINTance,aCQUIRE, aCROSS, ACtion, ACTive, ACTively, acTIVity, ACtual, ACtually. . aDDition, aDDitional, aDDRESS,
ADequate, adJUST, adminiSTRAtion, ADmirable, admiRAtion, adMIRE, adMIT, aDOPT, ADult, adVANCE, adVANCED, adVANtage, adVENTure, ADvertise,
adVERTisement, adVICE, adVISE. . aFFAIR, aFFECT, aFFECtion, aFFECtionate, aFFORD, aFRAID, AFter, afterNOON, AFTerwards. . aGAIN, aGAINST, Agency,
Agent, aGO, aGREE, aGREEment. . aHEAD. . AIMless, AIRport. . aLARM, ALcohol, aLIKE, aLIVE, aLLOW, aLLOWance, ALmost, aLONE, aLONG, aLOUD,
alREAdy, ALso, ALter, alTHOUGH, altoGEther, ALways. . aMAZE, amBition, amBitious, aMONG, aMOUNT, aMUSE, aMUSEment. . ANalyse, aNAlysis,
ANchor, ANcient, ANger, .ANgle, ANgry, ANimal, ANkle, anniVERsary, aNNOUNCE, aNNOY, ANnual, aNOther, ANswer, anXIEty, ANxious, Any, Anybody,
Anyhow, Anyone, Anything, Anyway, Anywhere. . aPARI; aPOLogize, aPOLogy, aPPARently, aPPEAL, aPPEAR, aPPEARance, Appetite, aPPLAUSE, Applicant,
appliCAtion, aPPLY, aPPOINT, aPPOINTment, aPPREciate, aPPROACH, aPPROVAL, aPPROVE, aPPROXimate, aPPROXimately. . Atea, ARgue, ARgument,
aRISE, ARmy, aROUND, aRRANGE, aRRANGEment, aRREST, aRRIVE, Atrow, ARticle,artiFicial, ARTist. . aSHAMED, a,SHORE, aSIDE, aSLEEp, aSSEMble,
aSSIST, aSSISTance, aSSISTant, aSS-Odate, associAtion, aSSUME, aSSURE, aSTONish, aSTONishment. . ATmosphere, aTROcious, aTTACH, aTTACK, aTTAIN,
aTTEMPT, aTTEND, aTTENDance, aTTENtion, Attitude, aTTRACT, aTTRACtion, aTTRACTive. . AUdience, AUthor, auTHOrity, autoMAtic. . aVAiLable, Average,
aVOID. . aWAKE, aWARD, aWARE, aWAY, AWful, AWKward. (211)
B: . BAby, BACKbone, BACKground, BACKward, BACKwards, backYARD, BADly, BAggage, BALance, BALcony, baLLOON, baNAna, BANDage, BANKer, BANKrupt,
BARber, BARgain, BAtrel, BASEment, BAsic, BAsin, BAsis, BASket, BATHroom, BAtter, BAttle. . BEAUtiful, BEAUty. beCAUSE, BEckon, beCOME, BEDclothes,
BEDroom, BEDside, beFORE, beFOREhand, BEggar, beGIN, beGINNer, beGINNing, beHAVE, beHAviour, beHIND, BEing, beLIEF, beLIEVE, BElly, beLONG,
beLONGings, beLOVED, beLOW, BEnefit, beSIDE, beSIDES, BEtter, beTWEEN, beYOND. . BIcycle, BIRTHday, BIScuit, Bitter, BItterness. . BLACKmail,
BLACKsmith, BLAdder, BLANket, BLESSing, BLOODy, BLOssom, BLUNder. . BOdy, BOLDness, BOMBing, BONy, BOOKshelf, BOOKshop, BORder, BORing,
BOrrow, BOther, BOttle, BOttom, BOUNDary, BOWcls. . BRAvery, BREAKdown, BREAKfast, BRIDEgroom, BRIEFcase, BRIGHTen, BROADcast, BROADen,
BROther. . BUbble, BUcket, BUdget, BUILDing, BULKy, BUllet, BULLy, BUMper, BUNdle, BURden, BURGlar, BUrial, BUry, BUSiness, BUSinessman, BUsy,
BUtcher, BUtter, BUtton, BUttonhole. . BYpass, Bystander (123)
C: CAbin, CAbinet, CAble, CAfe, CALculate, CALender, CALMness, CAtnera, camPAIGN, caNAL, CANcel, CANdie, canTEEN, CANvasCApable, caPAcity,
CAPital, CAPtain, CAPture, CARbon, CARDboard, caREER, CAREful, CAREless, CARpenter, CARpet, CAtriage, CAtry, carTOON, caSSETTE, CAstle, CAsual,
CAsualty, CAtalogue, CAttle, CAUtion, CAUtious. . CEILing, CELebrate, CELebrated, CEllar, ceMENT, CEmetery, CENtimetre, CENtral, CENtre, CENtury,
CEremony, CERtain, CERtainly, CERtainty, cerTIficate, CERtify. . CHAIRman, CHAllenge, CHAMpion, CHAnnel, CHApter, CHAtacter, CHAtter, CHAUffeur,
CHEERful, CHEMical, CHERish, CHicken, CHILDren, CHILDhood, CHILDish, CHIMney, CHOcolate, CHUBBy. . ciGAR, cigaRETTE, Cinema, CIRcle, CIRcular,
CIRculate, CIRcuit, cirCUItious, CIRcumstance, CIRcus, CItizen, CIty, Civil, civiliZAtion, CIvilize. . CLArify, classifiCAtion, CLASSify, CLASSical, CLASSroom,
CLEARing, CLEver, CLimate, CLimax, CLOCKwork, CLOTHing, CLOUDy, CLUMsy, CLUSter. . COffee, COffeepot, COllar, coLLECT, coLLECTION, COlleague,
COllege, COlony, COlour, Colorful, COlumn. combiNAtion. comBINE. COmedy. COMfon COmmentator, COmmerce, coMMERcial, coMMIT, COmmon,
COmmonplace, commonSENSE, coMMOtion, coMMUnicate, communiCAtion, coMMUnity, comPANion, COMpany, comPARative, comPARatively,
comPARE, comPARison, comPEL, comPETE, compeTItion, comPETitor, comPLAIN, comPLAINT, comPLETE, comPLETELY, COMplex, comPLEXion, COMplicate,
COMplicated, comPLY, comPOSE, COMpound, compreHEND, compreHENsion, compreHENsive, comPRISE, comPULsion, comPULsory, comPUTE, comPUter,
COMrade, conCEAL, conCEDE, conCEIT, conCEssion, conCEIted, conCEIVE, concenTRAtion, CONcentrate, CONcept, conCEPtion, conCERN, conCERNing,
conCISE, conCLUDE, conCLUsion, CONcrete, conDEMN, conDition, conDitional, conDOLE, CONduct (n), conDUCT (v), conDUCtor, conFER, CONference,
conFESS, conFEssion, conFIDE, CONfidence, CONfident, confiDENtial, confiDENtially, conFINE, conFIRM, CONflict (n), conFLICT (V), conFORM, conFUSE,
conFUSion, conGESted, conGEStion, conGRAtulate, CONjure, coNNECT, coNNECtion, CONquer, CONscience, CONscious, CONsciousness, conSENT,
CONsequence, CONsequently, conSERvative, conSIder, conSIderable, conSIderably, conSIderate, consideRAtion, conSIST, conSPIracy, conSPIRE, conSPIrator,
CONstant, conSTRUCT, conSTRUCtion, conSULT, conSUME, conSUmer, conSUMPtion, CONtact, conTAIN, conTAINer, CONtemplate, conTEMPT,
conTEMPtuously, conTEMPtible, ConTEND, conTENDed, conTENT (v), CONtent (n), CONtest (n), conTEST (v), CONtext, conTInue, conTInuous, conTInually,
CONtract (n), conTRACT (v), contraDiCT, CONtrary, CONtrast (n), conTRAST(v), conTRIbute, contriBUtion, conTROL, conVENience, conVENient, conVENtion,
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conVENtional, converSAtion, conVEY, conVEYance, CONvict (n), conVICT (v), conViCtion, conVINCE, coOPerate, co-opeRAtion, Copy, CORdial, CORner,
coRRECT, coRRECtion, correSPOND, correSPONdence, COrridor, coRRUPT, COSTly, COttage, COtton, COUNTer, COUNtry, COUNtryside, COUple, COUrage,
couRAgeous, COUSin, COver, COvering, COward, COwardice. . CRACKer, CRAdle, CRAFTy, CRAZy, creATE, CREAtures, CREdit, CRIMInal, CRIpple, CRISis,
CRItical, CROckery, CROSSroads, CRUel, CRUelty. . CULtivate, CULtural, CULture, CUnning, CUPboard, curiOSity, CUrious, CUrrent, CURtain, CURtsey,
CUshion, CUStom, CUStomer, CUTlery. . CYcle, CYclist, CYlinder (339)
D : DAddy, DAIly, DAiry, DAmage, DANcer, DANCing, DANger, DANgerous, DARKen, DARKness, DARLing, DAUGHter, DAYlight, DAYtime, DAzzle. . DEAFen,
DEALer, deBATE, deCAY, deCEIVE, deCEIVer, deCEIT, DEcent, deCIDE, deCIdedly, deCIsion, declaRAtion, deCLARE, deCLINE, DEcorate, deCREASE, DEdicate,
DEEPer, DEEPly, deFEAT, deFENCE, deFEND, deFINE, DEfinite, Definitely, defiNItion, deFY, deGREE, deLAY, deLiBerate, DElicate, deLicious, deLIGHT, deLiGHTed,
deLiGHTful, deLiver, deLivery, deMAND, demoCRATic, deMOlish, DEmonstrate, demonSTRAtion, DENtist, deNY, dePART, dePARTment, dePARture, dePEND,
dePENDant, dePENDence, dePENDent, dePLORE, dePLORable, dePRESS, DEPuty, deRIVE, deSCEND, deSCENDant, deSCENT, deSCRIBE, deSCRIPtion, deSERT
(v), DEsert (n), deSERVE, deSIGN, deSIRable, deSIRE, deSPAIR, DESperate, deSPIcable, deSPISE, deSPITE, destiNAtion, DEStiny, deSTROY, deSTRUCtion,
DEtail, DEtailed, deTECT, deTECTive, determiNAtion, deTERmine, deTEST, deTESTable, deVElop, deVELopment, deVICE, DEvil, deVOTE. . Dial, DiAlogue,
Diamond, Diary, dicTATE, dicTAtion, dicTAtor, Differ, Difference, Different, Difficult, Difficulty, diGEST (v), DiGnity, Dinner, diPLOma, diRECT, diRECtion,
diRECTly, diRECTor, DIRTy, disadVANtage, disaGREE, disaGREEment, disaPPEar, disaPPEarance, disaPPOINT, disaPPOINTment, disaPPROVal, disaPPROVE,
diSASter, diSAStrous, disCHARGE, DIscipline, disCLOSE, disCOMfort, disconTENDed, DiScount (n), disCOUNT (v), disCOURage, diSCO;er, diSCOvery, diSCREET,
diSCRIMinate, discrimiNAtion, diSCUSS, diSCUSSion, diSEASE, disGRACE, disGUISE, disGUST, disHONest, disLiKE, disMISS, disMISSal, disoBEY, disoBEdient,
disORder, diSPLAY, disPLEASE, diSPOSE, diSPOSal, diSPUTE, dissatisFACtion, diSSAtisfy, diSSOLVE, DiStance, DiStant, diSTINCT, diSTINCtion, diSTINCTly,
diSTINguish, diSTOR1; diSTORtion, diSTRESS, diSTRIbute, DiStrict, diSTURB, diSTURBance, diVIDE, diVIsion, diVORCE. . DOCtor, DOCument, doMEStic,
DOminate, DONkey, DOORstep, DOORway, DOUble, DOUBTful, DOUBTless, downSTAIRS, DOWNward, DOWNwards, DOzen.. DRAgon, DRAma, draMAtic,
DRAWing, DRAWer, DREADful, DRESSmaking, DRIVer, DRUNKard, DRYness. . DULLness, DUNgeon, DURing, DUSTy, DUty. (224)
E : EAger, EAgerly, EAgle, EARly, EARnest, EARNings, EARTHquake, EAsily,EASTern, EASTward, EAsy. . ECho, eCOnomy, ecoNOmic, ecoNOmical. . Edit,
Editor, eDition, Educate, eduCAtion, eduCAtional. . eFFECT, eFFECTive, eFFIcient, eFFIciency, Effort. . Either. . eLAStic, ELbow, Elder, ELdest, eLEct, eLECtion,
eLECtric, eLECtrical, elecTRIcity, eleMENTary, Element, Elephant, elseWHERE. . emBArass, emBOdy, emBRACE, eMERGE, eMERgency, eMOtion, eMOtional,
EMphasise, EMphasis, EMpire, emPLOY, emploYEE, emPLOYer, emPLOYment, EMPty. . eNAble, enCLOSE, enCOUNter, enCOUrage, enCOUragement, ENDing,
ENDless, enDURE, enDURance, ENemy, enerGEtic, ENergy, enGAGE, enGAGED, ENgine, engiNEER, engiNEERing, enJOY, enJOYable, enJOYment, enLARGE,
eNORmous, eNOUGH, enSURE, ENter, ENterprise, ENterprising, enterTAIN, enterTAINment,enTHUsiasm, enTHUsiast, enTHUsiastic, enTIRE, enTIREly,
enTItle, ENtrance, enTREAT, ENtry, ENvelope, enViRonment, ENvy. . Equal, eQUAlity, eQUIp' eQUIPment. . eRECT, Error. . eSCAPE, eSPEcially,Essence,
eSSENtial, eS1i\Blish, eSTATE, Estimate, eTERnal, eTERnity. . eVALuate, Even, Evening, eVENT, eVENTually, Ever, everLASTing, Every, Everybody, Everyday,
Everyone, Everything, Everywhere, Evidence,Evident, Evil. . exact (igZAKT), exaggerate (igZAggerate),exaggeRAtion, examine (igZAMin), example (igZAMple),
EXcellent, except (ikSEPT), exception (ikSEPtion), excess (ikSES), exCHANGE, excite (ikSAIT), excitement (ikSAITment), exciting (ikSAITing), exclaim (ikSCLAIM),
exclaMAtion, exclude (ikSCLUDE), exclusive (ikSCLUsive), excursion (ikSCURsion), excuse (ikSCUSE), EXecute, EXercise, exhaust (igZOST), exhaustive
(igZOSTive), exhibit (igZIbit), exhiBItion, exist (igZIST), existence (igZISTance), expand (ikSPAND), expansion (ikSPANsion), expect (ikSPECT), expense (ikSPENS),
expenditure (ikSPENDiture), expensive (ikSPENsive), experience (ikSPERience), experienced (ikSPErienced), experiment (ikSPERiment), experiMENTal,
EXpert, explain (ikSPLAIN), explaNAtion, explode (ikSPLODE), exploit (ikSPLOIT), exploRAtion, explore (ikSPLORE), explosion (ikSPLOsion), explosive
(ikSPLOsive), export (ikSPORT) (v), EXport (n), express (ikSPRESS), expression (ikSPREssion), extend (ikSTEND), extension (ikSTENsion), extent (ikSTENT),
external (ikSTERNal), extinguish (ikSTINguish), EXtra, extract (ikSTRACT) (v), extraordinarily (ikSTRORdinarily), extraordinary (ikSTRORdinary), extreme
(ikSTREME), extremely (ikSTREMEly). . EYEbrow, EYElid, EYEsight (250)
F : FAble, FACtory, FAILure, FAIRly, FAITHful, faMIliar, FAMily, FAMous, FANcy, fanTAstic, FARMer, FARMhouse, FARther, FARthest, FAscinate, FAshion,
FAshionable, FAsten, FAtal, FAther, FAULTless, FAULTy, FAvour, FAvourable, FAvourite. . FEARful, FEARless, FEAther, FEAture, FEEble, FEELing, FEllow,
FEmale, feROcious, feROcity, Ferry, FERtile, FEStival, FEver, FEverish. . FICtion, ficTItious, FIGHTer, FIgure, FILLing, FILter, FILTHy, FInal, fiNANcial, FINEly,
FINger, Finish, FIRMness, FISHerman, FITness. . FLATTen, FLAtter, FLAvour, FLEXIble, FLICKer, FLOURish, FLOWer, FLUent, FLUently, FLUtter. . FOGGy,
FOllow, FOllower, FOllowing, FOlly, FONDly, FOOlish, FOOTpath, FOOTstep, forBID, FOREarm, FOREcast, FOREfinger, FOREhead, FOreign, FOreigner, foreSEE,
Forest, forGET, forGETful, forGIVE, FORMal, FORmer, FORmerly, FORmula, FORTnight, FORtunate, FORtunately, FORtune, FORward, founDAtion, FOUDer,
FOUNtain. . FRACTion, FRACture, FRAMEwork, FRANtic, FRANtically, FREEly, FREEdom, FREquent, FREquently, FRESHen, FRiCtion, FRIENDly, FRIENDship,
FRIGHTen, FRIGHTful, FRIGHTfully, FRONtier, FRUITful. . FUgitive, fulFILL, FULLy, FUNCtion, FUneral, FUNNy, FUrious, FURnish, FURniture, FURther, FUry,
FUture. (134)
G : GAIety, GAIly, GAllant, GAllery, GAMble, GAMbler, GArage, GARbage, GARden, GARdner, GARDening, GARment, GATEway, GAther. . GENeral, GENerally,
GENerate, GENerous, GENius, GENtle, GENtleman, GENtleness, GENtly, GENuine, GESture. . GHASTly. . giGANtic, GIggle. . GLASSes, GLImmer, GLOry. .
GOddess, GOLDen, GOLDsmith, goodBYE, GOODness, goodNIGHT, GOSpel, GOssip, GOvern, GOvernment. . GRACEful, GRACEfully, GRAcious, GRAciously,
GRADual, GRADually, GRADuate, GRAmmar, graMMAtical, GRANDchild,. GAIety, GAIly, GAllant, GAllery, GAMble, GAMbler, GArage, GARbage, GARden,
GARdner, GARDening, GARment, GATEway, GAther. . GENeral, GENerally, GENerate, GENerous, GENius, GENtle, GENtleman, GENtleness, GENtly, GENuine,
GESture. . GHASTly. . giGANtic, GIggle. . GLASSes, GLImmer, GLOry. . GOddess, GOLDen, GOLDsmith, goodBYE, GOODness, goodNIGHT, GOSpel, GOssip,
GOvern, GOvernment. . GRACEful, GRACEfully, GRAcious, GRAciously, GRADual, GRADually, GRADuate, GRAmmar, graMMAtical, GRANDchild,
GRANDdaughter, GRANDfather, GRANDmother, GRANDparents, GRANDson, GRATEful, GRAtitude, GREATly, GREATness, GREEDy, GREETings, GRiEVance,
GROcer, GRUMble. . guaranTEE, GUILTy, GUNpowder, GUtter. (134)
H: HAbit, haBItual, HAIRcut, haLLO, Hammer, HANDbag, HANDful, HANdicraft, HANDkerchief, HANdle, HANDout, HANDsome, HANDsomely, HANDy,
HAppen, HAppy, HAppily, HAppiness, HARbour, HARDen, HARDly, HARDness, HARMful, HARMless, HARmony, HARSHly, HARvest, HAsten, HASTy, HATEful,
HATred, HAUGHty, HAzard. . HEADache, HEADing, HEADlight, HEADline, HEADlong, headMASter, headMIStress, headQUARters, HEALTHy, HEARTy, HEAven,
HEAvy, HEAvily, HEIGHTen, HELPer, HELPful, HELPless, heREditary, HEritage, HEro, heROic, herSELF, HEsitate, hesiTAtion. . HIGHway, HILLside, HILLy,
himSELF, HINder, HIStory, hiSTORical. . HObby, HOLDer, HOliday, HOllow, HOly, home-MADE, HOMEsick, HOMEwork, HOnest, HOnestly, HOney, HOneymoon,
HOnour, HOnourable, HOPEful, HOPEless, hoRIzon, HOrrible, HOrror, HOrrified, hoSPITable, HOspital, HOstage, HOStel, HOSTess, HOStile, hoTEL, HOUSEhold,
HOUSEwife, howEVER. . HUddle, HUman, huMANity, HUMble, HUmour, HUmourous, HUNger, HUNgry, HUNTer, huRRAH, huRRAY, HUrricane, HUrry,
HUSband. (112)
I : iDEa, iDEal, iDENtify, Idle, Idleness, IDly, IGnorant, igNORE. . iLLEgal, iLLEgally, ILLness, ill-TREAT, iLLIterate, Illustrate, illuSTRAtion. . Image, iMAGinable,
iMAGinary, imagiNAtion, iMAginative, iMAgine, Imitate, imiTAtion, immaTURE, iMMEdiate, iMMEdiately, iMMEnse, iMMORal, iMMORTal, IMpact (n),
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imPACT (v), imPART, inPARtial, imPAtience, imPAtient, imPERfect, imPERsonal, imPLORE, imPLY, impoLITE, Import (n), imPORT (v), imPORTance, imPORTant,
imPOSSible, imPRESS, imPREssion, imPREssive, imPRIson, imPRObable, imPROper, imPROVE, imPROVEment. . inBORN, inCAPable, INcident, inciDENTal,
inciDENTally, incliNAtion, inCLINE, inCLUDE, inCLUDing, INcome, inCOMparable, incomPATible, inCOMpetent, incomPLETE, incompreHENSible,
inconCEIVable, incoRRECT, inCREASE (v), INcrease (n), inCREDible, inDEcent, inDEED, indePENDence, indePENDent, INdex, INdicate, indiCAtion, inDifferent,
indiRECT, indiVIdually, INdoor, inDOORS, inDUCE, inDUStrial, inDUStrious, INdustry, ineFFECtive, ineFFIcient, inEVitable, inEVItably, inFECT, inFECtious,
inFERior, inFLAME, inFLAmmable, inflaMMAtion, inFLICT, Influence, influENtial, inFORM, inforMAtion, inGEnious, ingeNUity, inHAbit, inHAbitant, inHERit,
iNItial, iNItiative, inJECT, inJECtion, INjure, INjury, injUSTice, iNNAte, Inner, INNocent, iNNUmerable, inQUIRE, inQUIRY, inQUIsitive, INsect, inSENsible,
inSENsitive, inSERT, inSIDE, INsight, insigNIficant, insinCERE, inSIST, INsolent, inSPECT, inSPECtion, inSPECTor, inspiRAtion, inSPIRE, inSTALL, inSTALment,
INstance, INstant, INstantly, inSTEAD, INstitute, instiTUtion, inSTRUCT, inSTRUCtion, INstrument,
instruMENtal, inSULT, inSURance, inSURE, INtake, INTellect, inteLLECtual, inTELligence, inTELligent, inTELligible, inTEND, inTENSE, inTENtion, inTENtional,
inTENtionally, INterest, INterested, INteresting, interFERE, interFERence, inTERior, interMEdiate, inTERnal, interNAtional, inTERpret, inTERpreter,
interpreTAtion, inteRRUPT, inteRRUption, INterval, interVENE, INterview, INtimate, inTimidate, INto, inTOLerant, introDUCE, introDUCtion, inTRUDE,
inVADE, inVAlid, inVAsion, inVENT, inVENtion, inVENTor, inVEST, inVEStigate, investiGAtion, inVESTment, inVISible, inviTAtion, inVITE, inVOKE, inVOLVE,
INward, INwardly, INwards. . Iron, Irony, Island. . Isolate, Issue, Item, itSELF, Ivory. (225)
J: . JAcket. . JEAlous, JEAlousy, JEOpardize, JEOpardy, JEtty, JEWel, JEWellery. . JOlly, JOURNal, JOURnalist, JOURney, JOYful. . JUDGEment, JUNCtion,
JUNgle, JUSTice, JUSTify. (21)
K : KEttle. . KIlo, KIlo metre, kind-HEARTed, KINDness, KITCHen, KNOWledge, KNUckle. (09)
L: . LAbel, LAbour, LAdder, LAdy, laMENT, LAMP-post, LANDlady, LANDlord, LANDscape, LANguage, lATEly, LATer, LATest, LAtter, LAUGHter, LAUNdry,
LAvatory, LAWyer, LAyer, LAzy. . LEADer, LEADership, LEARNed, LEARNing, LEAther, LECture, LEgal, LEgend, LEgendary; LEIsure, LEisurely, LEmon, lemoNADE,
LENGTHen, LESSen, LEsson, LEtter, LEvel, LEver. . Liable, Liar, Liberal, Liberate, libeRAtion, Liberty, Library, License, LIGHTen, LiGHTening, LIKEly, Limit,
LiNger, Liquid, Liquor, Listen, Listener, Literary, LiteratUre, Little, LIVElihood, LIVEly, LiVing. . LObby, LOcal, LOcally, loCATE, LONEliness, LONEly, LONGing,
LOOSen, LOrry, LOUDly, LOVEly, LOVer, LOWer, LOyal, LOyalty. . LUCKy, LUggage, lukeWARM, LUMber, LUnatic, LUxury (LUKshery). (88)
M: . maCHINE, maCHlnary, MAdam, MADman, MADness, magaZINE, Magic, maGIcian, Magistrate, MAGnet, MAGnetic, magNificent. MAINland, MAINly,
mainTAIN, MAINtenance, MAjesty, MAjor, maJOrity, MAlice, MANage, MANagement, MANager, manKIND, MANly, MAnner, MANsion, manuFACture,
MANuscript, MAny, MARble, MARgin, MARket, MArriage, MArried, MArry, MARvel, MARvellous, MASculine, MAson, MASSES, MASter, MASterpiece,
maTErial, MAtter, MAttress, maTURE, maTUrity, MAXimum. . MEAgre, MEANing, MEANtime, MEANwhile, MEAsure, MEAsurement, meCHAnic,
meCHAnical, MEdal, MEddle, MEdia, MEdiate, MEdical, MEdicine, MEditate, MEdium, MEETing, MEllow, MEMber, MEMbership, meMOrial, MEmory,
MENace, MENtal, MENtion, MERchant, MERciful, MERciless, MERcy, MEREly, MERit, MErry, MEssage, MEssenger, MEtal, MEthod, MEtre. . MIddle,
middleAged, MIDnight, MIGHTy, MILEage, MILItary, MILKman, MILKy, MINgil', MINimum, MINister, MInor, miNOrity, Minute, MIRacle, MIrror, MISchief,
MISchievous, MISerable, MISery, misFORtUne, misLEAD, MISSing, Mission, miSTAKE, MISter, MIStress, misunderSTAND, MIXture. . MOdel, MODerate,
MODerately, MODem, MODest, MODesty, MODify, moLEST, MOment, MOney, MONkey, moNOtonous, MONster, MONTHly, MONument, MOODy,
MOONlight, MOral, moRAlity, MORNing, MORtally, MORTgage, mosQUito, MOSTly, MOther, MOtion, MOtionless, MOtor, MOUNtain, mouSTACHE,
MOUTHful, MOVEment, MOVie. . MUddle, MUDDy, multipliCAtion, MULtiply, MULtitUde, MUmmy, MURder, MURderer, MURmur, MUscle, muSEUM,
MUsic, MUsical, muSician, Mutter, Mutual, mySELF, MYstery, mySTErious. (174)
N: . NAked, naRRATE, NArrow, NAsty, NAtion, NAtional, NAtiolnality, NAtive, NAtural, NAturally, NAture, NAUGHty, NAvy. . NEARby, NEARly, NEcessary,
neCEssity, NEEdle, NEEDless, NEgative, neGLECT, NEGligent, NEGligible, neGOtiate, negotiAtion, NEIGHbour, NEiGHbourhood, NEIGHbouring, NEither,
NEphew, NERvous, NETwork, NEver, nevertheLESS, NEWly, NEWSpaper. . NICKname, NIGHTfall, NIGHTmare. noBIlity, NOble, NObody, NOISy, NOminate,
NONsense, NORmal, NORmally, NORTHern, NORTHward, NORTHwards, NOStril, NOTEworthy, NOthing, NOtice, NOticeable, NOtify, NOtion, noTOrious,
NOURish, NOWadays, NOwhere. NUcleus, NUIsance, NUMber, NUmerous. (69)
0: . oBEdience, oBEdient, oBEdiently, oBEY, OBject (n), obJECT (v), obJECtion, obJECtive, obliGAtion, oBLigatory, oBLIGE, obSCURE,
obserVAtion, obSERVE, OBsolete, OBstacle, obSTRUCT, obSTRUCtion, obTAIN, OBvious. . oCCAsion, oCCAsional, oCCAsionally, occuPAtion, Occupy, oCCUR,
oCCURRence, Ocean, o'CLOCK. . Odour. . oFFENce,oFFEND, Offer, oFFENsive, Office, Officer, oFFicial, Often. . oKAY. . OMElette, oMIT. . oneSELF, ONly,
ONto. . Open, Opening, Operate, opeRAtion, oPINion, oPPOnent, opporTUNity, oPPOSE, Opposite,oPPRESS. . Oral, Orange, Orator, ORder, ORderly,
ORdinarily, ORdinary, ORgan, organiZAtion, ORganize, ORigin, oRIginal, oRiginally, ORnament, ornaMENTal, ORphan. . Other, Otherwise. . ourSELVES,
OUTbreak, OUTburst, OUTcast, OUTcome, OUTcry, outDATed, outDO,OUTdoor, outDOORS, OUTer, OUTfit, OUTlaw, OUTlet, OUTline, outLiVE, OUTlook,
outNUMber, OUTput, OUTrage, outRAGEous, outSIDE, outSIDer, OUTskirts, outSPOken, outSTANDing, OUTward, OUTwards, Oven, Over. . overALL,
Overboard, Overcoat, overCOME, overFLOW, overHANG, overHAUL, overHEAR, overLOOK, overNIGHT, oveRUN, overTAKE, overTHROW, Overtime,
overTURN, overWHELM. . Owing (to), OWNer, OWNership. (133)
P: . PAckage, PAcket, PAINful, PAINTer, PAINTing, PALace, PALEness, PANic, Paper, PARachute, paRADE, PAragraph, PArallel, PARcel, PARdon. PArent,
PARlour, PARTly, PARtial, parTIcipate, PARticle, parTicular, parTicularly, parTIculars, PARTner, part-TIME, PARty, PASSage, PAssenger, passer-BY, Passion,
PASSport, PAStime, PAtience, PAtient. PAtiently, PAttern, PAVEment, PAYment. . PEACEful, PEAsant, Pehble, 41 peCUliar, peDEStrian, PENalty, PENcil,
PENetrate, PEnny, PENsion, PEOple, PEpper, perCEIVE, PERfect (adj), perFECtion, PERfectly, perFORM, perFORMance, PERfume, perHAPS, Period, periODical,
PERmanent, perMIssion, perMIT, perPETual, perSIST, PERson, PERsonal, PERsonally, persoNAlity, perSUADE, perSUAsion, PETrol, PEtty. . phiLOsophy,
PHOtograph (PHoto), phoTOgrapher, photoGRAPHic, phoTOgraphy, PHYsical, phySIcian. . PICKpocket, PICture, pictuRESQUE, PIllar, PIllow, PIlot, PIty,
PIteous, PItiful. . PLASter, PLAStic, PLATform, PLAYer, PLEAsant, PLEAsure, PLENtiful, PLENty, PLUCKy, PLUMBer, PLUNder. . POcket, POem, POet, poETic,
POetry, POIson, POIsonous, poLICE, poLICEman, POlicy, POlish, poLITE, poLITEly, poLITEness, poLItical, poliTIcian, POlitics, poLLUtion, POpular, popuLARity,
POpularly, POpulated, popuLAtion, PORter, PORtion, porTRAY, PORtrait, poSItion, POSitive, poSSESS, poSSEssion,(v), poSSESSive, possiBIlity, POSSible,
POSSibly, POSTage, POSTal, POSter, POSTman, poSTPONE, poTAto, POttery, POverty, POWder, POwer, POwerful. . PRACtical, PRACtically, PRACtice (n),
PRActise (v), PRAYer, preCEDE, PREcious, preCISE, PREdecessor, PREface, preFER, PREferable, PREference, PREGnant, PREjudice, PREjudiced, prepaRAtions,
prePARE, preSCRIBE, preSCRIPtion, PREsence, preSENT (v), PREsent (n), PREsently, preSERVE, preSIDE, PREsident, PREssure, preSTIGE, preSUME, preTEND,
PREtext, PREtty, preVAIL, PREvalent, preVENT, preVENtion, PREvious, PRICKles, PRICKly, PRImary, PRINcipal, PRINciple, PRINTer, PRIson, PRIsoner, PRIvate,
PRIvately, probaBIlity, PROBable, PROBably, PROBlem, proCEdure, proCEED, PROcess, proCLAIM, proDUCE (v), PROduce (n), proDUCer, PROduct,
proDUCtion, proFESS, proFEssion, proFEssional, proFEssor, proFIciency, PROfit, PROgramme, proGRESS (v), PROgress (n), proGRESSive, proGRESSively,
proJECT (v), PROject (n), PROmise, proMOTE, proMOtion, proNOUNCE, pronunciAtion, PROper, PROperly, PROperty, proPORtion, proPOSal, proPOSE,
proPRIEtor, PROsper, proSPERity, PROsperous, proTECT, proTECtion, proTEST(v), PROtest (n), PROUDly, PROverb, proVIDE, proVIDed, PROvince, proVIsion,
Page 43
provoCAtion, proVOKE. . psychoLOgical. . PUBlic, publiCAtion, PUBlish, PUdding, PUddle, PUlley, PUNCtual, punctuAlity, PUnish, PUnishment, PUpil,
PURchase, PURpose, purSUE, purSUIT, PUzzle. (287)
Q: . qualifiCAtion, QUAlified, QUAlify, QUAlity, QUANtity, QUArrel, QUARter, QUARterly, QUAver, QUEStion, QUICKly, QUIetly, QUIetness, QUIver, quoTAtion.
(15)
R: . RAbbit, RAcial, RAcialism, RAcket, RAdio, RAIling, RAILway, RAINbow, RAINcoat, RAINing, RAlly, RApid, RApidly, RArely, RAther, RAttle, Razor, reACT,
reACtion, READer, REAdy, realiZAtion, REalize, reALity, REALLy, REAson, REAsonable, reBEL (v), REbel (n), reBEllion, reCALL, reCEIPT, reCEIVE, REcent,
REcently, reCEPtion, REcipe, RECKless, recogNItion, REcognize, reCOIL, recoLLECT, recoLLECtion, recoMMEND, REconcile, REcord (n), reCORD (v), reCOver,
reCOvery, recreAtion, reCRUIT, RECtangle, REDDish, reDUCE, reDUCtion, reFER, refeREE, REference, reFINE, reFLECT, reFLECtion, reFORM, reFRESH,
reFRESHment (s), REfuge, refuGEE, reFUsal, reFUSE, reGARD, reGARDless, REgion, REgional, REgister, reGRET, REgular, REgularly, reguLAtion, reHEARsal,
reHEARSE, reinFORCE, reJECT (v), reJOICE, reLATE, reLAtion, reLAtionship, Relative, Relatively, reLAX, reLEASE, reLIable, reLIEF, reLIEVE, reLIgion, reLIgious,
reLINquish, reLUCtance, reLUCtant, reLY, reMAIN, reMAINS, reMARK, reMARKable, reMARKably, REmedy, reMEMber, reMIND, reMOTE, reMOVal, reMOVE,
RENder, reNEW; reNOWN, reNOWNed, rePAIR, rePEAT, rePENT, repeTItion, rePLACE, rePLY, rePORT, rePORTer, repreSENT, repreSENtative, rePROACH,
reproDUCE, reproDUCtion, rePUBlic, repuTAtion, reQUEST, reQUIRE, REScue, reSEARCH, reSEMblance, reSENT, reserVAtion, reSERVE, reSIDE, REsidence,
REsident, reSIGN, resigNAtion, reSIST, reSISTance, resoLUtion, reSOLVE, reSORT, reSOURCE (s), reSPECT, reSPECTful, reSPOND, reSPONSE, responsiBIlity,
reSPONsible, REStaurant, RESTless, reSTORE, reSTRAIN, reSTRICT, reSULT, reSUME, reTAIN, reTIRE, reTIREment, reTREAT, reTURN, reVEAL, reVENGE,
reVERSE, reVIEW; reVISE, reVOKE, reVOLT, revoLUtion, reVOLVE, reWARD. . RHYthm. . RIbbon, RIddle, RIDer, riDIculous, RIfle, RIgid, RIot, RIpen, RISKy,
RIval, RIvalry, RIver. . ROBBer, ROBBery, ROCKy, ROTTen, ROUGHly, ROUNDabout, rouTINE, ROYal. . RUBBer, Rubbish, . RUDEly, Rugged, RULer, RUmour,
RUNNer, RUNway, RUral, RUSTy, RUstle, RUTHless. (221)
S: . SAcred, SAcrifice, SAddle, SADly, SADness, SAFEly, SAFEty, SAILor, SALary, SALESman, SALTy, saLUTE, SAMple, SANDwich, SANDy, SAtire, satisFACtion,
satisFACtory, SAtisfy, SAUcer, SAUSage, SAVage, SAVings. . SCARCEly, SCARCity, SCAREcrow, SCAtter, SCENery, SCHEDule, SCHOLarship, SCIence, scienTIfic,
SCIentist, SCIssors, SCORNful, SCULPtor, SCULPture. . SEAside, SEAson, SECond, SECondary, secondHAND, SECret, SECretary, SECtion, seCURE, seCURity,
seDUCE, SELdom, seLECT, seLECtion, self-CONfident, self-CONScious, selfconTROL, self-INTerest, self-MADE, self-reSPECT, self-SERvice, SELfish, SELLer,
SENDer, senSAtion, SENSEless, SENsible, SENsitive, SENtense, SENtiment, SEParate, SEParately, sepaRAtion, SERial, SERies, SErious, SEriously, SERmon,
SERpent, SERvant, SERvice, SEssion, SETTing, SEttle, SEttlement, SEveral, seVERE, SEXual, SEXy. . SHAbby, SHAdow, SHAdowy, SHADy, SHAllow, SHAMEful,
SHAMEless, SHAPEless, SHARPen, SHARPly, SHAtter, SHELter, SHIMMer, SHINy, SHiver, SHOElace, SHOPkeeper, SHOPPing, SHORTage, SHORTer, SHORTly,
SHORTcoming, SHOULder, SHOWer, SHUdder. . SICKness, SIDEwork, SIDEways, SIGHTseeing, SIGnal, SIGnature, SIGnify, sigNIficant, SIlence, SIlent, SIlently,
SIlly, SIlver, SImilar, simiLArity, SImilarly, SIMple, simPLIcity, SIMply, sinCERE, sinCERity, SINGer, SINgle, SINgular, SISter, SItuated, situAtion. . SKELeton,
SKILful, SKILfully, SKILLed. . SLACKen,SLAUGHter, SLAvery; SLEEpy, SLENder, SLIGHTly, SLIPPer, SLIPPery, SLiPshod, SLOWly. . SNAPshot. . SOber, so-CALLED,
SOcial, soCIEty, SOFTen, SOFTly, SOFTness, SOLdier, SOLemn, SOlid, SOlitary, SOLitude, soLUtion, SOMEbody, SOMEhow, SOMEone, SOMEthing, SOMEtime,
SOMEtimes, SOMEwhere, SOrrow, SOrrowful, SOrry, SOUTHern, SOUTHward, SOUTHwards, souveNIR, SOVereign. . SPAcious, SPARKle, SPEAKer, SPEcial,
SPEcialist, SPECtacle, SPECtacles, specTAtor, SPECulate, SPEEDy, speeDOmeter, SPELling, SPIrit, SPITEful, SPLENdid, SPORTSman, SPRINkle. . STAble, STAdium,
STAgger, STAIRcase, STAmmer, STANdard, STANdardise, STARtle, starVAtion, STATEment, STAtion, STAtionery, STAtue, STEADfast, STEAdy, STICKy, STIFFen,
STiLLness, STINgy, STOCKing, STOMach, STONy, STORage, STORey, STORMy, STORy, STRAIGHTen, STRANGEly, STRANGer, STRENGTHen, STRETCHer, STRICTly,
STRIKing, STRONGly, STRUCture, STRUggle, STUbborn, STUdent, STUdy, STUFFy, STUpid, stuPIdity, STURdy, STUtter. . subDUE, SUBject (n), subMIT,
SUBstance, SUBstitute, SUBtle, SUBtract, SUburb, succeed (sukSEED), success (sukSESS), sucCESSful, SUdden, SUddenly, SUffer, suFFIcient, SUgar, suGGEST,
suGGEStion, SUicide, SUITable, SUiTcase, SUMMary, SUmmer, SUmmon, SUmmons, SUNlight, SUNrise, SUNset, SUNshine, SUNNy, suPERior, SUpermarket,
superSTition, superSTitious, SUpper, suPPLY, suPPORT, suPPOSE, suPPRESS, suPREME, SUREly, SURface, SURgeon, SURgery; surPRISE, suRRENder,
suRROUND, suRROUNDings, SURvey (n), surVEY (v), surVIVE, suSPECT, suSPIcion, suSPIcious, suSTAIN. . SWAllow, SWAMpy, SWEATer, SWEETen, SWEETly,
SWEETness, SWOllen, SWELLing, SWIFTly. . SYMbol, SYMpathise, SYMpathy, SYStem, systeMAtic. (328)
T: . TAble, TAble-cloth, TABlet, TACKle, TAIlor, TARget, TAXpayer, TEACHer, TEAcup, TEENager(s), TELegram, TElephone, TElevision, TEMper, TEMperate,
TEMperature, TEMple, TEMporarily, TEMporary, TENant, TENdency, TENder, TENsion, TERminal, TErrible, TErribly, teRRIfic, TErrify, TErritory, TError,
TErrorist. . THANKful, THEatre, themSELVES, THEory, THEREfore, therMOmeter, THICKen, THICKness, THINKer, THIRSTy, THOrough, THOroughly,
THOUGHTful, THOUGHTless, THREAten, THRILLer, throughOUT, THUNder, THUNderstorm. . Ticket, TIdy, TIGHTen, TIGHTly, TiMber, Tiny, TItle. . toDAY,
toGEther, TOilet, TOken, TOlerable, TOlerably, TOlerate, toMAto, toMOrrow, toNIGHT, TOpic, TORture, TOtal, TOURist, toWARD(S), TOWel, TOWer. .
TRADer, traDition, traDitional, TRAffic, TRAItor, TRAMple, TRANSfer(n), transFER (v), transFORM, tranSIStor, transLATE, tranSLAtion, transMIT, transPARent,
tranSPORT (v), TRANsport (n), TRAvel, TRAveller, TREAson, TREAsure, TREATment, TREMble, treMENdous, TRESpass, TRIangle, TRIfle, TRIgger, TRIumph,
TROUble, TROUblesome, TROUsers, TRUMpet. . TUMble, TUnnel, TURNing. . TYPEwriter, TYPist. (120)
U: . UGly. . Ultimate. . umBRElla, UMpire. . unAble, unARMED, unBUtton, unCERtain, unCERtainty, UNcle, unCOMfortable, unCOmmon, unCONscious,
UNder, UNderground, UNdergrowth, underLiNE, underSTAND, underSTANDing, UNderstatement, underTAKE, UNderwear, unDO, unDRESS, unEAsy,
unemPLOYment, unFAIR, unFORtunately, unHAppy, Uniform, Union, uNIQUE, Unit, uNITE, Unity, uniVERsal, UNIverse, uniVERsity, unJUST, unKlND,
unKNOWN, unLAWful, unLESS, unLIKE, unLiKEly, unLOAD, unLOCK, unLUCKy, unNECessary, unPLEASant, unsatisFACtory, unTIdy, unTIE, unTIL, unUsual,
unWILling. . upHILL, upHOLD, UPkeep, uPON, Upper, Uppermost, UPright, UProar, upROOT, upSET, upSTAIRS, UPward, UPwards. . URban, URgent,
URgently. . USEful, USEfulness, USEless, Usual, Usually, UTmost, Utter. (85)
V: . VAcancy, VAcant, vaCAtion, VAcuum, VAliant, VAliantly, VAlid, VAlley, VAlour, VAluable, VAlueless, VANish, variAtion, vaRIEty, VArious, VAry. . VEgetable,
VEhicle, VENgeance, VENture, veRANdah, VERify, VERtical, VEry; VEssel. . VIcious, VIciously, VICtim, VICtor, vicTOrious, VICtory,
VIGour, VIllage, VIolate, VIolence, VIolent, VIRtue, VIRtuous, VISible, VIsion, VISit, VISitor(s), VItal, VIVid. . voCABulary, VOLTage, VOLume, VOLuntarily,
VOLuntary, volunTEER, VOMit, VOTer, VOYage. . VULgar. (58)
W: . WAgon, WAITor, WAKen, WAllet, WANder, WARdrobe, WAREhouse, WARMly, WARNing, WASTEful, WATCHdog, WATCHman, WAter, WAterproof,
WAtery. . WEAKen, WEAKness, WEALTHy, WEAPon, WEATHer, WEDDing, WEEKday, WEEKend, WEEKly, WELcome, WELfare, well-KNOWN, well-MADE,
WESTern, WESTward, WESTwards. . whatEVer, whenEVer, wherEVer, WHETHer, whichEVer, WHiMper, WHISker, WHISper, WHIStle, WHITEness, whoEVer,
WHOLLy. . WIDEly, WIDEn, WIDEspread, WIDow, WILling, WINdow, WINNer, WINDy, WINter, WISdom, WISEly, WITTy, withDRAW; wiTHIN, wiTHOUt,
WITness. . WOMan, WOMen, WONder, WONderful, WOODen, WOOLLen, WORKer, WORKshop, world-WIDE, WOrry, WORship,WORTHless, worthWHILE,
WORTHy. . WRINkle, WRINKled, WRITer, WRITing. (82)
XYZ: . YEARly, Yellow, YESterday. . YOUNGster, yourselv, yourselves. (7)

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Readymade Speeches, Expressions and Letters for the Students

N.Sudheer Kumar, Lecturer in English,

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