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Magnetic Materials: Physics In solid, we know, electron spins are responsible for magnetic field. But in magnetic material - many of the electrons are un-paired (more right hand spin than left hand spin, or vice versa) by applying the small magnetic field, all adjacent spins are aligned and form a magnetic pole.
Magnetic Materials: Physics In solid, we know, electron spins are responsible for magnetic field. But in magnetic material - many of the electrons are un-paired (more right hand spin than left hand spin, or vice versa) by applying the small magnetic field, all adjacent spins are aligned and form a magnetic pole.
Magnetic Materials: Physics In solid, we know, electron spins are responsible for magnetic field. But in magnetic material - many of the electrons are un-paired (more right hand spin than left hand spin, or vice versa) by applying the small magnetic field, all adjacent spins are aligned and form a magnetic pole.
Faraday rotation Prof. D. Kannadassan, School of Electronics Engineering ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 1 Magnetic Materials: Physics In solid, we know, electron spins are responsible for magnetic field. This field will be negligible when all the electron has spin pair. But in Magnetic material many of the electrons are un-paired (more right hand spin than left hand spins, or vice versa). The will get a small magnetic moment, since they all are oriented to ward a random directions. By applying the small magnetic field, all adjacent spins are aligned and form a magnetic pole. From planks theory, the spin angular momentum Average Magnetic moment: ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 2 Materials are magnetically classified by their net (volume average) magnetic moments When we apply an external magnetic bias field (from a permanent magnet, for example), a torque will be exerted on the magnetic dipole:
This torque is equal to angular momentum: ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 3 As Law of motion: the motion of magnetic dipole - To solve, take the second derivative (Larmor or Precession frequency) Also called angular rate of rotation One solution: ( m z is constant) Projection of momentum is in xy plane, forms a circular trace. ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 4 For N magnetic dipole system bulk magnetic material For N number of unbalanced electron: over all magnetic momentum or magnetization: then, equation of motion becomes: 5 Interaction of RF Signals with Ferrites Consider an RF wave propagating through a very large region of ferrimagnetic material with a D.C. bias field The RF field is The DC field is: The total field is: This field produces total material magnetization: ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 6 The equation of motion becomes For the time harmonic (e jt ) RF fields we obtain ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 7 We can write this in matrix (tensor) form: We now calculate the magnetic flux density in the ferromagnetic material, due to RF field and the d.c. bias field: ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 8 Faraday Rotation; Theory Plane Waves in an Infinite Ferrite Medium Positive circularly polarized wave is traveling along the direction of ferrites z axis:
Negative circularly polarized wave is traveling along the direction of ferrites z axis:
In other words, the applied fields polarization is subject to rotate from the original direction, this phenomena is called Faraday rotation A linearly polarized wave will get both components, by result:
ECE102 - Microwave Engineering Fall 2012_13 9 Phase shifter Based on the Faraday Rotation, phase shift were been proposed in Microwave circuits. Those component are called Gyrator The Two port network has following modules: 90 degree Twist Ferrite component with 90 degree phase shift