www.cafetinnova.

org
Indexed in
Scopus Compendex and Geobase Elsevier, Chemical
Abstract Services-USA, Geo-Ref Information Services-USA

ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 05, No. 04


August 2012, P.P. 809-816

#02050421 Copyright 2012 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
Time History Analysis of Base Isolated Multi-Storyed Building
SHIRULE. P. A, JAGTAP. L. P, SONAWANE. K. R, PATIL. T. D, JADWANIR. N and SONAR. S. K
Civil Engineering Department of S.S.B.Ts, College of Engineering & Technology, Bambhori, Jalgaon-425001,
Maharashtra, India
Email: pashirule@rediffmail.com, lataingale@rediffmail.com, kcd1112@gmail.com, tejswinipatil24@gmail.com,
reemajadwani50@gmail.com, suvarnasonar90@gmail.com,


Abstract: Base isolation is one of the most widely accepted seismic protection systems used in building in
earthquake prone areas. The base isolation system separates the structure from its foundation and primarily moves it
relative to that of the upper structure. The aim of this study is to reduce the base shear and story drifts due to
earthquake ground excitation, applied to the superstructure of the building by installing base isolation devices at the
foundation level and then to compare the different performances between the fixed base condition and base-isolated
condition by using SAP 2000 software. In this study, the 18-story symmetrical R.C.C. building is used as test model.
Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction Bearing is used as isolation system in this study. Nonlinear Time history
analysis is used on both of fixed base and base isolated buildings. There are two portions; one is comparative study
of performance of fixed base condition and base isolation (LRB and FB) condition and the comparative study of
performance by three different time histories Bhuj, Koyana and Lacc T.H. Finally, base shear, displacement and
acceleration are compared from 3 times histories analysis between fixed base condition and base isolated condition.
It is found that the displacement is increased with period of the isolated building. The base shears in each direction
are decreased with LRB by 46 % and with FB by 35% in base-isolated building compared to the fixed base building.

Keywords: Non Linear Time History Analysis, Base Isolation, Lead Rubber Bearing, Friction Bearing


1 Introduction:

1.1 Earthquake:

Earthquakes are the earth's natural means of releasing
stress. When the earth's plates move against each other,
stress is put on the lithosphere. When this stress is great
enough, the lithosphere breaks or shifts.



The above figure shows the waves of earthquake.
Imagine holding a pencil horizontally. If you were to
apply a force to both ends of the pencil by pushing
down on them, you would see the pencil bend. After
enough force was applied, the pencil would break in the
middle, releasing the stress you have put on it. The
Earth's crust acts in the same way. As the plates move,
they put forces on themselves and each other. When the
force is large enough, the crust is forced to break. When
the break occurs, the stress is released as energy which
moves through the Earth in the form of waves, which
we feel and call an earthquake. Energy is released
during an earthquake in several forms, including as
movement along the fault, as heat, and as seismic waves
that radiate out from the "source" and causes the ground
to shake, sometimes hundreds of km's away. A seismic
wave is simply a means of transferring energy from one
spot to another within the earth. Although seismologists
recognize different types of waves, we are interested in
only two types: P (primary) waves, which are similar to
sound waves, and S (secondary) waves, which are a
kind of shear wave. Within the earth, P waves can travel
through solids and liquids, whereas S waves can only
travel through solids.

The speed of an earthquake wave is not constant but
varies with many factors. Speed changes mostly with
depth and rock type. P waves travel between 6 and 13
km/sec. S waves are slower and travel between 3.5 and
7.5 km/sec.

1.2 Base Isolation:

Base isolation is one of the most widely accepted
seismic protection systems used in building in
earthquake prone areas. The aim of this study is to
reduce the base shear and story drifts due to earthquake
810
SHIRULE. P. A, JAGTAP. L. P, SONAWANE. K. R, PATIL. T. D,
JADWANIR. N and SONAR. S. K
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 04, August 2012, pp. 809-816
ground excitation, applied to the superstructure of the
building by installing base isolation devices at the
foundation level and then to compare the different
performances between the fixed base condition and
base-isolated condition by using SAP 2000 software.

In this study, the 18-storey R.C building is used as test
model. Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and Friction
isolators are used as isolation system in this study.
Nonlinear Time history analysis is used on both of fixed
base and base isolated buildings. In fixed base
condition, all of structures are considered in elastic
stage and in base-isolated condition, the superstructure
of the building is considered in elastic stage and base
isolators are considered in inelastic stage. Finally, storey
displacements, base shears are compared from time
history analysis between the fixed base condition and
base isolated condition. It is found that the displacement
is increased with period of the isolated building. The
base shears in each direction are decreased by 30% in
base-isolated building compared to the fixed base
building.

In recent years base isolation has become an
increasingly applied structural design technique for
buildings and bridges in highly seismic areas. Many
types of structures have been built using this approach,
and many others are in the design phase or under
construction. Most of the completed buildings and those
under construction use rubber isolation bearings in some
way in the isolation system.

1.3 Types of Base Isolators:

1. Laminated Rubber (Elastomeric) Bearing.
2. High Damping Rubber (HDR) Bearing.
3. Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB).
4. Friction Pendulum (FPS) System Bearing

Laminated Rubber (Elastomeric) Bearing:

It is composed of alternating layers of rubber that
provide flexibility and steel reinforcing plates that
provide vertical load-carrying capacity. At the top and
bottom of these layers are steel laminated plates that
distribute the vertical loads and transfer the shear force
to the internal rubber layer. On the top and bottom of
the steel laminated plate is a rubber cover that provides
protection for the steel laminated plates.

High Damping Rubber (HDR) Bearing:

It is similar to elastomeric bearings where the elastomer
used (either natural or synthetic rubber) provides a
significant amount of damping.

Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB):

It is formed of a lead plug force-fitted into a pre-formed
hole in a low damping elastomeric bearing. The lead
core provides rigidity under service loads and energy
dissipation under high lateral loads.

Friction Pendulum Sliding (FPS) Bearing:

Although a number of curved shapes are possible, the
only curved sliding which has been extensive used in
which the sliding surface is spherical in shape, termed
the Friction Pendulum System (FPS). The FPS bearing
allows the supported structure to return to its original
position, rather than a flat sliding surface, thereby
conquering the problem of recentering.




Laminated Rubber Bearing



Lead Rubber Bearing



Friction Pendulum Sliding Bearing

811 Time History Analysis of Base Isolated Multi-Storyed Building
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 04, August 2012, pp. 809-816
1.4 Analysis:

The free vibration analysis, time history earthquake
analysis is performed by using SAP 2000 software. The
natural and mode shapes of the building are obtained
from the free vibration analysis. From the time history
analysis, the time dependent dynamic responses of the
building for the whole duration of the earthquake
excitation, the base shear, displacement, shears,
moments and axial loads of the elements at various
amounts of earthquake ground motions have been
determined. The analysis is checked when initially
performed and then checked again at the end of the
project.

The understanding of seismic behaviour of tall building
structure by isolators has been done by two analysis
methods such as- free vibration, Time History analysis.
As it mentioned earlier, large magnitude long-distance
earthquakes generated at Bhuj, Koyana, LACC 0 is
selected for Time History analysis to understand the
seismic performance of the case study tall building.

1.5 Details of Model:

The models which have been adopted for study are
symmetric 18 storied located in zones V. The building is
consisting of square columns with dimension 500mm x
500mm, all beams with dimension 400mm x 700mm.
The floor slabs are taken as 120mm thick. The height of
all 18 stories is 3m. The modulus of elasticity and shear
modulus of concrete have been taken as
E=2.5x10^7KN/m.

1.6 Material and Structural Properties:

Beam, column and slab specifications are as follows:

Column =500mm x 500mm
Beam =400mm x 700mm
Slab thickness=120mm

The required material properties like mass, weight
density, modulus of elasticity shear modulus and design
values of the material used can be modified as per
requirements or default values can be adopted

Beams and column members have been defined as
frame elements with the appropriate dimensions and
reinforcement. Soil structure interaction has not been
considered and the columns have been restrained at the
base. Slabs are defined as area elements having the
properties of shell elements with the required thickness.

1.7 Assigning Loads:

After having modelled the structural components, all
possible load cases are assigned. These are as follows:




Plan View of Symmetrical Building



3-D Model of Fixed Base 18 Storey R.C. Building

1.8 Gravity Loads:

Gravity loads on the structure include the self weight of
beams, columns, slabs. The self weight of beams and
columns (frame members) and slabs (area sections) is
automatically considered by the program itself.



812
SHIRULE. P. A, JAGTAP. L. P, SONAWANE. K. R, PATIL. T. D,
JADWANIR. N and SONAR. S. K
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 04, August 2012, pp. 809-816
1.9 Properties of Concrete:

Mass per unit volume = 2.5 KN
Weight per unit volume = 25 KN/M
Modulus of elasticity, Ec = 2.5x10^7 KN/m
Damping ratio = 0.05
Poissons ratio = 0.20
Shear modulus = 1500
Co-efficient of thermal Expansion = 5.5x10^ -6
Live loads have been assigned as uniform area loads on
the slab elements as per IS 1893 (part 1) 2002 Live load
on all other floors = 3.0 KN/m

1.10 Earthquake Loads:

The design lateral loads at different floor levels have
been calculated corresponding to fundamental time
period and are applied to the model. In our case, the
slabs have been modelled as rigid diaphragms and in
this connection, the centre of rigidity(mass) and centre
of gravity of building is considered same in order to
neglect the effect of torsion.
E.L in Y (Ux) direction =8.331x10^- 4 KN/m
E.L in X (Uy) direction (30%) = 2.5x10^-4 KN/m
Table 1 Time Period for different Mode Shapes

MODE SHAPE
TIME PERIOD
(Sec.)
FIXED BASE
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
RUBBER ISO.
TIME PERIOD
(sec)
FRICTION ISO.
Mode 1 1.83 2.236 10.741
Mode 2 1.618 2.063 4.449
Mode 3 1.570 1.969 2.548
Mode 4 0.579 0.746 1.398
Mode 5 0.536 0.660 0.933
Mode 6 0.313 0.644 0.891
Mode 7 0.312 0.369 0.710
Mode 8 0.221 0.363 0.464
Mode 9 0.219 0.338 0.376
Mode 10 0.182 0.248 0.367
Mode 11 0.171 0.247 0.343
Mode 12 0.167 0.228 0.266

Table 2: Displacement for different Floors

FLOORS DISPLACEMENT DISPLACEMENT DISPLACEMENT
1 0.0008 0.0049 0.0014
2 0.0019 0.0058 0.0024
3 0.0031 0.0067 0.0037
4 0.0044 0.0076 0.0048
5 0.0057 0.0085 0.006
6 0.007 0.0094 0.0072
7 0.00084 0.0103 0.0083
8 0.0097 0.1120 0.0095
9 0.0011 0.1200 0.0107
10 0.0123 0.0129 0.0118
11 0.0135 0.0137 0.013
12 0.0147 0.0145 0.0141
13 0.0158 0.0152 0.0153
14 0.0169 0.0159 0.0164
15 0.0179 0.0165 0.0176
16 0.0187 0.0171 0.0187
17 0.0195 0.0176 0.0199
18 0.0202 0.0181 0.0210





813 Time History Analysis of Base Isolated Multi-Storyed Building
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 04, August 2012, pp. 809-816
Table 3: Results

Kinds of
response
of
structure
Time
history
Fixed base
Rubber
Isolator
Reduction
(%)
Friction
Isolator
Reduction
(%)
B
A
S
E

S
H
E
A
R



(
X
)

BHUJ


Max:26.427 Max:14.367 -46.00 Max:36.504 + 38.13
Min: -37.540 Min: -14.372 -61.72 Min: -39.212 + 4.454
KOYANA
Max:19.912 Max: 10.408 -47.73 Max: 53.614 +169.27
Min: -23.853 Min: -17.868 -25.09 Min: -23.143 -2.98
LACC
Max: 1.104 Max: 6.388 478.60 Max: 11.0 896
Min: -1.003 Min: -5.347 433 Min: -3.57 -256
B
A
S
E

S
H
E
A
R

(
Y
)

BHUJ
Max: 91.463 Max: 50.897 - 44.35 Max: 15.212 -83.37
Min: -147.41 Min: -54.57 62.98 Min: -20.263 +86.25
KOYANA
Max: 77.693 Max: 35.878 -53.82 Max: 95.918 +23.46
Min: -101.09 Min: -23.711 -22.38 Min: -58.031 -42.61
LACC
Max: 67.412 Max: 21.786 -67.68 Max: 19.0 -71.81
Min: -94.092 Min: -18.315 -80.54 Min: -14.0 -85.12
A
C
C
E
L
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
X
)

BHUJ
Max: 275.45 Max:275.45 - Max: 275.45 -
Min: -235.826 Min: -235.82 - Min: -235.82 -
KOYANA
Max: 175.452 Max: 175.45 - Max:175.452 -
Min: -159.018 Min: -159.01 - Min: -159.01 -
LACC
Max:297.601 Max:297.601 - Max:297.601 -
Min: -376.749 Min: -376.74 - Min: -376.74 -
A
C
C
E
L
E
R
A
T
I
O
N

(
Y
)

BHUJ
Max: 275.45 Max:275.45 - Max: 275.45 -
Min: -235.826 Min: -235.82 - Min: -235.82 -
KOYANA
Max: 175.452 Max: 175.45 - Max:175.452 -
Min: -159.018 Min: -159.01 - Min: -159.01 -
LACC Max:297.601 Max:297.601 - Max:297.601 -
















814
SHIRULE. P. A, JAGTAP. L. P, SONAWANE. K. R, PATIL. T. D,
JADWANIR. N and SONAR. S. K
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 04, August 2012, pp. 809-816
Kinds of
response
of
structure
Time
history
Fixed base
Rubber
Isolator
Reduction
(%)
Friction
Isolator
Reduction
(%)
D
I
S
P
L
A
C
E
M
E
N
T

(
X
)

[
B
O
T
T
O
M
]

BHUJ

Max: 0 Max: -5.14E-5 _ Max: -7.75E-4 _
Min: 0 Min: -3.64E-4 Min: -6.97E-3
KOYANA
Max: 0 Max: -1.91E-5 _ Max: -7.56E-4 _
Min: 0 Min: -7.13E-5 Min: -8.13E-4
LACC
Max: 0 Max: 0.0013 _ Max: 4.25E-4 _
Min: 0 Min: -0.0013 Min: -6.74E-3
D
I
S
P
L
A
C
E
M
N
T

(
X
)

[
T
O
P
]

BHUJ
Max: -8.42E-5 Max: 0.132 99 Max: 9.2 E-4 90.78
Min: -5.19E-4 Min: -5.7E-5 Min: -9.9E-4
KOYANA
Max: 1.4E-4 Max: 8.7E-4 84.05 Max: 1.14E-3 90
Min: -1.8E-4 Min: -6.18E-4 Min: -3.74E-5
LACC
Max: 1.6E-3 Max: 0.0016 0 Max: 1.2E-3 31.14
Min:-1.79E-3 Min: -0.0016 Min: -5.9E-5
D
I
S
P
L
A
C
E
M
E
N
T

(
Y
)

[
B
O
T
T
O
M
]

BHUJ

Max: 0 Max: 3.4E-4 _ Max: 1.37E-3 _
Min:0 Min: -1.35E-4 Min: 1.35E-3
KOYANA
Max: 0 Max: 1.02E-4 _ Max: 2.46E-4 _
Min: 0 Min: -7.8E-5 Min: 2.57E-5
LACC
Max: 0 Max:2.47E-2 _ Max: 1.44E-3 _
Min: 0 Min: -2.06E-4 Min: -7.72E-4
D
I
S
P
L
A
C
E
M
N
T

(
Y
)

[
T
O
P
]

BHUJ
Max:5.52E-4 Max:4.86E-4 16.53 Max: 4.53E-4 22.15
Min: -9.56E-4 Min: -1.28E-3 Min: -3.24E-2
KOYANA
Max:1.417E-4 Max:1.23E-4 13.19 Max: 3.1E-3 21.65
Min: 1.498E-4 Min: 7.2E-4 Min: -6.7E-2
LACC

Max:4.738E-4 Max: 2.46E-4 48.07 Max: 1.56E-3 40
Min: -7.35E-4 -4.48E-4 Min: -4.25E-4

Time History for Acceleration with Rubber Isolator Time History for Base Shear with Rubber Isolator Along X
Direction along X Direction

815 Time History Analysis of Base Isolated Multi-Storyed Building
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 04, August 2012, pp. 809-816


Time History for Displacement with Rubber Isolator along X Direction

1.11. Conclusion:

1) Base isolation method has proved to be a reliable
method of earthquake resistant design. The success
of method is largely attributed to the design of
isolation devices and proper planning and placing
the isolators.
2) The results of the investigation show that the
response of the structure can be dramatically
reduced by using base isolation with lead rubber
bearing and friction bearing.
3) The base shear in x-direction is reduced by 73.44%
in Koyana T.H.A. with lead rubber bearing and
64.75% with Friction bearing when compared to that
of fixed base.
4) The base shear in y-direction is reduced by 74.11%
in Koyana with LRB and 78.47% with FB when
compared to that of fixed base.
5) Thus reduction in base shear is found to be more
with lead rubber bearing, and hence lead rubber
bearing are more suitable for multistoried building
which are situated in higher zone.
6) It is found that the reduction in base shear in X-
direction and Y- direction is more in KOYANA time
history than BHUJ and LACC.
7) The results of acceleration shows that the
acceleration is maximum in KOYANA time history
(Maximum=297.601 m/sec and Minimum=-
376.749 m/sec)
8) The results of displacement shows that the
displacements are increased with the period and with
the storey height in the base isolated building.
9) The displacement in Lead rubber bearing isolated
building is less when compared to that of building
with lead rubber bearing and with fixed base
building.

References:

[1] A.Sharma and R.S Jangid, Behaviour of Base
Isolated Structure with High Inital Isolator
Stiffness, Journal of World Academy of Science
Engineering and Technology, No.50, pp. 186-
191,2009.
[2] ATC 40 [1996] Seismic evaluation and retrofit of
concrete building vol.1. Applied Technology
Council, Seismic safety commission, State of
California.
[3] Azlan A.Tan chee. W,tan Beng C(2001).An
Evaluation of High-Rise Building Performances
816
SHIRULE. P. A, JAGTAP. L. P, SONAWANE. K. R, PATIL. T. D,
JADWANIR. N and SONAR. S. K
International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering
ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 04, August 2012, pp. 809-816
under Low Intensity earthquake effect. The
international conference on disaster management
Lankawi.
[4] CSIcomputer and structure.Inc.SAP 2000(2004).
linear & non-linear static and dynamic Analysis of
3D-structure.
[5] FEMA 273[1907] NEHRP Guidelines for the
Seismic rehabilitation of buildings. Report No.
FEMA 273, Federal Emergency Management
Agency, October.
[6] IS 18930(part 1):2002
[7] IS 456-2000 Indian Standard Plain and reinforced
concrete.
[8] Mario Pazz (Structural dynamics)
[9] S.Chandrasekharan and A.Roy,Seismic Evaluation
of Multi-Storeyed RC Frame Using Modal
Pushover Analysis, Journal of Nonlinear
Dynamics, Vol.43,pp.329- 342,2006
[10] U.Akyuz, E.Acar.(2007) A Comparative Study for
seismically Isolated Buildings.8
th
pacific
conference on earthquake engineering,5-7
December 2007, Singapore
[11] Win et.Al(2008).Analysis and design of base
isolation for multi-storeyed building. proc. of
GMSARN international conference on sustainable
development.